Article(id=1241023856408850871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812744475, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812744475, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812744475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812744475, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=274, endPage=279, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023856752783830, articleId=1241023856408850871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire in adolescents, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) was translated into a Chinese version of the questionnaire and tested for reliability and validity in adolescents.

Methods

The Chinese version of the PAQ scale was formed according to the procedures of forward translation, back translation, cultural adaptation and pre-survey. During February and April 2024, 7 975 adolescents from Shandong Province, Anhui Province, and Hunan Province were selected to test the reliability of the Chinese version of the PAQ. The item analysis was performed using the coefficient of determination and correlation coefficient methods, and the reliability and validity were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were used as validity scales, and 1 083 adolescents were retested 4 weeks later to determine the reliability of the retest.

Results

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of the PAQ scale was a 5-factor model (GFI=0.921, NFI=0.938, CFI=0.940, TLI=0.931, RMSEA=0.060). The Cronbach α coefficient for the Chinese version of the PAQ total scale was 0.953. The Cronbach α coefficients for the five subscales of Negative-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Negative-Difficulty Describing Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Describing Feelings, and General-Externally Orientated Thinking were 0.821, 0.852, 0.807, 0.834 and 0.859, respectively. The retest reliability of the Chinese version of the PAQ scale was 0.762. The retest reliabilities for the five subscales of Negative-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Negative-Difficulty Describing Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Describing Feelings, and General-Externally Orientated Thinking were 0.717, 0.676, 0.716, 0.709 and 0.692, respectively. The total score of the Chinese version of the PAQ scale was positively correlated with the total score of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (r=0.782, 0.378, 0.369, P<0.01).

Conclusion

The Chinese version of the PAQ scale showed excellent psychometric properties on all measures in the adolescent population and can be used as an important tool for assessing adolescents’ alexithymia.

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目的

对珀斯述情障碍量表(Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire,PAQ)进行汉化,并检验其在青少年群体中的信度和效度。

方法

按照正向翻译、回译、文化调适及预调查的步骤形成中文版PAQ量表。2024年2-4月期间选取山东省、安徽省及湖南省等地区的7 975名青少年检验中文版PAQ量表的信效度。采用决断系数和相关系数法进行条目分析,采用验证性因子分析、效标效度、内部一致性信度和重测信度对信效度进行评估。使用多伦多述情障碍量表、病人健康问卷和广泛性焦虑障碍量表作为效标量表。4周后选取1 083名青少年再次测量以检验重测信度。

结果

验证性因子分析结果显示,中文版PAQ量表为5因子模型(GFI=0.921,NFI=0.938,CFI=0.940,TLI=0.931,RMSEA=0.060)。中文版PAQ总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.953。消极-难以识别感受、积极-难以识别感受、消极-难以描述感受、积极-难以描述感受、外向性思维等分量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.821、0.852、0.807、0.834、0.859。中文版PAQ总量表的重测信度为0.762,消极-难以识别感受、积极-难以识别感受、消极-难以描述感受、积极-难以描述感受、外向性思维等分量表的重测信度为0.717、0.676、0.716、0.709、0.692。中文版PAQ量表总分与多伦多述情障碍量表总分、抑郁症状、焦虑症状均呈正相关(r=0.782、0.378、0.369,P<0.01)。

结论

中文版PAQ量表在青少年群体各测量指标上均表现出优良的心理测量学特性,可作为评估青少年述情障碍的重要工具。

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刘燕,E-mail:
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牛杏蒙(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学与卫生统计学,精神卫生

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牛杏蒙(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学与卫生统计学,精神卫生

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牛杏蒙(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学与卫生统计学,精神卫生

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注:e1-e24分别表示各变量的残差。

, figureFileSmall=KEoAS5l0O2DfxDmPJ8MoAg==, figureFileBig=Y5B0vfBLpLtWBFDwlvylJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023868979179684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023856408850871, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Correlation of the items of the Chinese version of the PAQ scale with the total score of the scale

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号条目r
1当我感到不好的时候(感受到一种不愉快的情绪),我找不到合适的词语来描述那些感受。0.540a
2当我感到不好的时候,我说不清自己是伤心的、生气的还是害怕的。0.664a
3我总是忽略自己的感受。0.647a
4当我感到良好的时候(感受到一种的愉快的情绪),我找不到合适的词语来描述那些感受。0.664a
5当我感到良好的时候,我说不清自己是开心的、兴奋的还是好笑的。0.720a
6我更愿意让我的感受仅在背景中发生,而不是专注于它们。0.542a
7当我感到不好的时候,我不能更深入或详细地谈论那些感受。0.663a
8当我感到不好的时候,我无法理解那些感受。0.733a
9我不关注我的情绪。0.634a
10当我感到良好的时候,我不能更深入或详细地谈论那些感受。0.731a
11当我感到良好的时候,我无法理解那些感受。0.743a
12通常情况下,我尽量避免去考虑我的感受。0.677a
13当一些不好的事情发生的时候,我很难用语言表达我的感受。0.730a
14当我感到不好的时候,我对它是什么情绪感到困惑0.746a
15我更愿意关注我能真正看到或触摸到的事物,而不是我的情绪。0.581a
16当一些良好的事情发生的时候,我很难用语言表达我的感受。0.777a
17当我感到良好的时候,我对它是什么情绪感到困惑。0.767a
18我不会试着去“触碰”我的情绪0.607a
19当我感到不好的时候,如果我试着去描述我的感受,我不知道该说什么。0.726a
20当我感到不好的时候,那些感受让我感到困惑。0.690a
21对我来说,知道自己的感受是不重要的。0.636a
22当我感到良好的时候,如果我试着去描述我的感受,我不知道该说什么。0.766a
23当我感到良好的时候,那些感受让我感到困惑。0.755a
24对我来说,考虑我的情绪是奇怪的。0.658a
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869092425899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023856408850871, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中文版PAQ量表各条目与量表总分的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号条目r
1当我感到不好的时候(感受到一种不愉快的情绪),我找不到合适的词语来描述那些感受。0.540a
2当我感到不好的时候,我说不清自己是伤心的、生气的还是害怕的。0.664a
3我总是忽略自己的感受。0.647a
4当我感到良好的时候(感受到一种的愉快的情绪),我找不到合适的词语来描述那些感受。0.664a
5当我感到良好的时候,我说不清自己是开心的、兴奋的还是好笑的。0.720a
6我更愿意让我的感受仅在背景中发生,而不是专注于它们。0.542a
7当我感到不好的时候,我不能更深入或详细地谈论那些感受。0.663a
8当我感到不好的时候,我无法理解那些感受。0.733a
9我不关注我的情绪。0.634a
10当我感到良好的时候,我不能更深入或详细地谈论那些感受。0.731a
11当我感到良好的时候,我无法理解那些感受。0.743a
12通常情况下,我尽量避免去考虑我的感受。0.677a
13当一些不好的事情发生的时候,我很难用语言表达我的感受。0.730a
14当我感到不好的时候,我对它是什么情绪感到困惑0.746a
15我更愿意关注我能真正看到或触摸到的事物,而不是我的情绪。0.581a
16当一些良好的事情发生的时候,我很难用语言表达我的感受。0.777a
17当我感到良好的时候,我对它是什么情绪感到困惑。0.767a
18我不会试着去“触碰”我的情绪0.607a
19当我感到不好的时候,如果我试着去描述我的感受,我不知道该说什么。0.726a
20当我感到不好的时候,那些感受让我感到困惑。0.690a
21对我来说,知道自己的感受是不重要的。0.636a
22当我感到良好的时候,如果我试着去描述我的感受,我不知道该说什么。0.766a
23当我感到良好的时候,那些感受让我感到困惑。0.755a
24对我来说,考虑我的情绪是奇怪的。0.658a
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869201477809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023856408850871, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indicators of model validation fit for the Chinese version of the PAQ scale (n=7 975)

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模型χ2/dfGFINFICFITLIRMSEA
1因子54.2340.8460.8830.8850.8720.082
2因子42.8570.8770.9030.9100.9000.072
3因子(无效价)40.9750.8830.9130.9140.9040.071
3因子(有效价)34.4970.9040.9260.9280.9200.065
5因子29.8760.9210.9380.9400.9310.060
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869339889850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023856408850871, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中文版PAQ量表模型验证拟合指标(n=7 975)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型χ2/dfGFINFICFITLIRMSEA
1因子54.2340.8460.8830.8850.8720.082
2因子42.8570.8770.9030.9100.9000.072
3因子(无效价)40.9750.8830.9130.9140.9040.071
3因子(有效价)34.4970.9040.9260.9280.9200.065
5因子29.8760.9210.9380.9400.9310.060
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869444747456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023856408850871, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The Correlation Analysis of PAQ Total Score and Dimensions with TAS-20 Total Score and Dimensions, Depressive Symptoms, and Anxiety Symptoms

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变量TAS-20总分情感辨别不能情感表达不能外向性思维抑郁症状焦虑症状
PAQ总分0.782a0.778a0.695a0.324a0.378a0.369a
N-DIF0.710a0.739a0.640a0.231a0.397a0.392a
P-DIF0.693a0.692a0.595a0.307a0.295a0.286a
N-DDF0.685a0.690a0.664a0.203a0.422a0.413a
P-DDF0.694a0.679a0.633a0.283a0.324a0.314a
G-EOT0.676a0.654a0.572a0.347a0.282a0.267a
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869537022152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023856408850871, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PAQ总分及各维度与TAS-20总分及各维度、抑郁症状、焦虑症状相关性

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变量TAS-20总分情感辨别不能情感表达不能外向性思维抑郁症状焦虑症状
PAQ总分0.782a0.778a0.695a0.324a0.378a0.369a
N-DIF0.710a0.739a0.640a0.231a0.397a0.392a
P-DIF0.693a0.692a0.595a0.307a0.295a0.286a
N-DDF0.685a0.690a0.664a0.203a0.422a0.413a
P-DDF0.694a0.679a0.633a0.283a0.324a0.314a
G-EOT0.676a0.654a0.572a0.347a0.282a0.267a
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中文版珀斯述情障碍量表在青少年中的信效度研究
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牛杏蒙 1, 2 , 牛四方 2, 3 , 张慧明 4 , 胡书章 2, 5 , 孙钰 2, 5 , 郭杨子叶 2, 5 , 秦岩 2, 5 , 薛林滔 4 , 刘思羽 6 , 慕福芹 4 , 郑艺 4 , 刘燕 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(2): 274-279
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(2): 274-279
中文版珀斯述情障碍量表在青少年中的信效度研究
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牛杏蒙1, 2, 牛四方2, 3, 张慧明4, 胡书章2, 5, 孙钰2, 5, 郭杨子叶2, 5, 秦岩2, 5, 薛林滔4, 刘思羽6, 慕福芹4, 郑艺4, 刘燕2
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.济宁医学院公共卫生学院
  • 3.滨州医学院公共卫生学院
  • 4.济宁医学院精神卫生学院
  • 5.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)公共卫生与健康管理学院
  • 6.山东省蒙阴县蒙山中学
  • 牛杏蒙(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学与卫生统计学,精神卫生

通讯作者:

刘燕,E-mail:
A study of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire in adolescents
Xing-meng NIU1, 2, Si-fang NIU2, 3, Hui-ming ZHANG4, Shu-zhang HU2, 5, Yu SUN2, 5, Yang-zi-ye GUO2, 5, Yan QIN2, 5, Lin-tao XUE4, Si-yu LIU6, Fu-qin MU4, Yi ZHENG4, Yan LIU2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408233
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目的

对珀斯述情障碍量表(Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire,PAQ)进行汉化,并检验其在青少年群体中的信度和效度。

方法

按照正向翻译、回译、文化调适及预调查的步骤形成中文版PAQ量表。2024年2-4月期间选取山东省、安徽省及湖南省等地区的7 975名青少年检验中文版PAQ量表的信效度。采用决断系数和相关系数法进行条目分析,采用验证性因子分析、效标效度、内部一致性信度和重测信度对信效度进行评估。使用多伦多述情障碍量表、病人健康问卷和广泛性焦虑障碍量表作为效标量表。4周后选取1 083名青少年再次测量以检验重测信度。

结果

验证性因子分析结果显示,中文版PAQ量表为5因子模型(GFI=0.921,NFI=0.938,CFI=0.940,TLI=0.931,RMSEA=0.060)。中文版PAQ总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.953。消极-难以识别感受、积极-难以识别感受、消极-难以描述感受、积极-难以描述感受、外向性思维等分量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.821、0.852、0.807、0.834、0.859。中文版PAQ总量表的重测信度为0.762,消极-难以识别感受、积极-难以识别感受、消极-难以描述感受、积极-难以描述感受、外向性思维等分量表的重测信度为0.717、0.676、0.716、0.709、0.692。中文版PAQ量表总分与多伦多述情障碍量表总分、抑郁症状、焦虑症状均呈正相关(r=0.782、0.378、0.369,P<0.01)。

结论

中文版PAQ量表在青少年群体各测量指标上均表现出优良的心理测量学特性,可作为评估青少年述情障碍的重要工具。

珀斯述情障碍量表  /  青少年  /  信度  /  效度
Objective

The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) was translated into a Chinese version of the questionnaire and tested for reliability and validity in adolescents.

Methods

The Chinese version of the PAQ scale was formed according to the procedures of forward translation, back translation, cultural adaptation and pre-survey. During February and April 2024, 7 975 adolescents from Shandong Province, Anhui Province, and Hunan Province were selected to test the reliability of the Chinese version of the PAQ. The item analysis was performed using the coefficient of determination and correlation coefficient methods, and the reliability and validity were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were used as validity scales, and 1 083 adolescents were retested 4 weeks later to determine the reliability of the retest.

Results

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of the PAQ scale was a 5-factor model (GFI=0.921, NFI=0.938, CFI=0.940, TLI=0.931, RMSEA=0.060). The Cronbach α coefficient for the Chinese version of the PAQ total scale was 0.953. The Cronbach α coefficients for the five subscales of Negative-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Negative-Difficulty Describing Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Describing Feelings, and General-Externally Orientated Thinking were 0.821, 0.852, 0.807, 0.834 and 0.859, respectively. The retest reliability of the Chinese version of the PAQ scale was 0.762. The retest reliabilities for the five subscales of Negative-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Negative-Difficulty Describing Feelings, Positive-Difficulty Describing Feelings, and General-Externally Orientated Thinking were 0.717, 0.676, 0.716, 0.709 and 0.692, respectively. The total score of the Chinese version of the PAQ scale was positively correlated with the total score of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (r=0.782, 0.378, 0.369, P<0.01).

Conclusion

The Chinese version of the PAQ scale showed excellent psychometric properties on all measures in the adolescent population and can be used as an important tool for assessing adolescents’ alexithymia.

Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire  /  Adolescent  /  Reliability  /  Validity
牛杏蒙, 牛四方, 张慧明, 胡书章, 孙钰, 郭杨子叶, 秦岩, 薛林滔, 刘思羽, 慕福芹, 郑艺, 刘燕. 中文版珀斯述情障碍量表在青少年中的信效度研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 274 -279 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408233
Xing-meng NIU, Si-fang NIU, Hui-ming ZHANG, Shu-zhang HU, Yu SUN, Yang-zi-ye GUO, Yan QIN, Lin-tao XUE, Si-yu LIU, Fu-qin MU, Yi ZHENG, Yan LIU. A study of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire in adolescents[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 274 -279 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408233
随着全球化进程的不断加深,心理健康问题日益成为全球的关注焦点。情感处理能力是心理健康的重要组成部分,述情障碍是一种情感处理障碍,存在述情障碍的个体通常难以识别和表达自己情感或感受、情感体验贫乏并倾向于以外部化的思维来处理情感信息[1]。青少年时期是情感和社会认知发展的关键阶段,流行病学研究显示,青少年人群中约有36%的个体发生述情障碍[2]。述情障碍属于负面情感体验,不仅影响个人的情绪和行为,还可能导致一系列的心理问题,如抑郁、焦虑等[3-5]。目前国内评估述情障碍水平的工具主要为20条目的多伦多述情障碍量表,尽管已被广泛使用,但该量表无法全面评估消极和积极情绪的结构,且部分研究中外向性思维分量表的信度及因子载荷较差[6-7]。珀斯述情障碍量表(Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire,PAQ)[8]是由澳大利亚心理学家David Preece开发的一种较为新颖且有效的测量工具。与以往述情障碍测量工具相比,PAQ量表在设计上更注重情绪效价,区分了消极情绪和积极情绪的表达和描述。目前该量表被多国进行翻译修订并广泛应用于成人群体述情障碍的评估,且信效度得到了验证[9-12]。但中文语境下该量表在青少年群体中的应用尚未得到充分验证,鉴于其心理发展阶段的特殊性和复杂性,开展相应的信效度研究尤为必要。因此,本研究旨在对珀斯述情障碍量表进行汉化并检验其在中国青少年群体中的信效度,为青少年情绪障碍的早期识别和干预提供有效工具,促进青少年心理健康的发展。
样本量计算:依据Kendall样本量估算法则[13],问卷所需样本量应为问卷条目的5~10倍,本研究共包含63个问题,故所需样本量为315~630人。考虑到整群抽样加倍原则和20%的拒答率,最终所需样本量至少为787~1 575人。本研究的样本量满足此要求。
于2024年2-4月期间采用整群抽样的方法选取部分青少年作为研究对象进行调查,研究对象主要来自山东省、安徽省及湖南省等地区的13所中学。纳入标准:①年龄在10~19岁之间;②具有一定的读写能力,无严重的认知障碍。排除标准:①明确表示不愿意参与调查或在调查过程中退出的个体;②因具有影响正常生活的躯体疾病或心理疾病,导致无法参与或完成调查者。最终共收集8 566份问卷,剔除数据缺少较多、回答具有规律性、结局变量有缺失的问卷后获得7 975份有效问卷,有效率为93.10%。平均年龄为(15.65±1.81)岁,男生有4 126名(51.83%),女生有3 819名(47.98%),其他性别的有15名(0.19%)。初中生有3 311名(41.54%),高中生有4 664名(58.46%)。4周后,从研究对象的总样本中选取1 083名青少年进行重测。本研究已得到济宁医学院伦理委员会的批准(JNMC-2020-KY-004)。
珀斯述情障碍量表是由学者David Preece在2018年编制的一种包含24项自我报告条目的测量工具,旨在评估述情障碍的所有组成部分,并区分消极和积极情绪。具有5个分量表:①消极-难以识别感受(Negative-Difficulty Identifying Feelings,N-DIF),4个条目;②积极-难以识别感受(Positive-Difficulty Identifying Feelings,P-DIF),4个条目;③消极-难以描述感受(Negative-Difficulty Describing Feelings,N-DDF),4个条目;④积极-难以描述感受(Positive-Difficulty Describing Feelings,P-DDF),4个条目;⑤外向性思维(General-Externally Orientated Thinking,G-EOT),8个条目。各条目采用1至7分的评分方式,1分表示极不同意,7分表示极同意。量表总分范围在24到168分之间,分数越高表示述情障碍水平越高。
本研究在获取量表原作者使用授权后,遵循以下步骤对PAQ量表进行汉化:①正向翻译:由2名母语为汉语且英语水平较高的翻译者独立翻译原量表,形成2个翻译版本;②对比修改:邀请1名流行病学专家与翻译者对2个翻译版本进行对比修改,形成初稿;③回译:邀请2名翻译专业专家及1名长期在海外居住的流行病学家(均未接触过原量表)对初稿进行回译,对回译版本中的差异部分进行反复讨论,并根据我国语言表达习惯进行了相应的调整。例如:将条目3“我倾向于忽视自己的感受”修改为“我总是忽略自己的感受”;将条目6“我更愿意只让我的感受发生在背景中”修改为“我更愿意让我的感受仅在背景中发生”;将条目18“我不试图去‘接触’我的情绪”修改为“我不会试着去‘触碰’我的情绪”。形成中文版PAQ量表预调查版本。④预调查:选取20名青少年进行中文版PAQ量表预调查,以面对面访谈的形式询问其对量表各条目的理解和建议,形成最终中文版PAQ量表。
采用中文版多伦多述情障碍量表评估个体的述情障碍水平。该量表共包含20个条目,分为情感辨别不能、情感描述不能及外向性思维三个维度。每个条目使用1至5分进行评分,总分介于20至100分之间,分数越高表示个体的述情障碍水平越高。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.829。
采用中文版病人健康问卷评估个体在调查前两周的抑郁状况。该量表包含9个问题,每个问题采用0至3分的评分方式,0表示从未出现,3代表几乎每天都出现。总分为0到27分,总分越高表示个体具有越严重的抑郁状况。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.895。
采用中文版广泛性焦虑障碍量表中的7个问题评估个体在调查前两周的焦虑状况。每个问题设4个选项(0、1、2、3),0代表从无,3代表几乎每天,总分为0~12分,总分越高个体的焦虑状况越严重。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.927。
在问卷填写之前,调查员需要向参与者简要介绍该研究的目的,并详细说明问卷填写过程中需要注意的地方,同时确保参与者签署知情同意书。问卷收集完成后,按照既定标准严格筛选和处理无效问卷。判定标准包括:①规律性作答,例如问卷中所有问题均选择同一选项等;②相似问题的回答前后存在矛盾之处;③问卷存在缺页或字迹无法辨认,导致数据不完整。
使用EpiData 3.1对数据进行录入,使用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 26.0分析数据。采用决断系数法和相关系数法进行条目分析以评估各条目的区分度;采用验证性因子分析来评估量表的结构效度,GFI(拟合优度指数)、NFI(规范拟合指数)、CFI(比较拟合指数)和TLI(Tucker-Lewis指数)大于0.9、RMSEA(近似误差均方根)小于0.08表示模型具有良好拟合度。以多伦多述情障碍量表、病人健康问卷及广泛性焦虑障碍量表作为效标量表对量表的效标效度进行评价;采用Cronbach α系数评估总量表及各分量表的内部一致性;采用组内相关系数(ICC系数)对总量表及各分量表的重测信度进行评估。本研究以α=0.05为检验水准。
使用SPSS 26.0对PAQ总分进行排序得出前27%和后27%的分界值,分别为63分和96分。将低于63分的个体划分为低分组,高于96分的个体划分为高分组。随后,采用独立样本t检验对个体在各条目平均分的差异进行分析。结果显示,各条目的临界比值(CR值)范围在49.439至94.506之间,且各条目平均分的差异在统计学上均有显著性(P<0.01)。
通过计算各条目与量表总分的相关性评估条目的质量。当条目与总分的相关性高于0.4时,表示条目质量优秀;相关性在0.3至0.4之间,表示良好;相关性低于0.3则可能需要结合专业知识和实际情况进行删除或修改。相关性分析结果表明,各条目与量表总分的相关性为0.540~0.777(均P<0.01,表1)。
因本研究是对已有量表的跨文化调适,而不是编制新的量表,且源量表的因子结构已在多国家进行验证,得到充分支持[9-12],因此采用验证性因子分析评估量表的结构效度。本研究中的拟合模型主要包括:
① 1因子模型:所有24个条目都被指定加载到“一般述情障碍”因素上;
② 2因子模型:外向性思维(G-EOT)和难以评价感受(G-DAF)组成,难以评价感受为难以识别感受(G-DIF)和难以描述感受(G-DDF)之和。该模型区分述情障碍的注意力和评价成分;
③ 3因子模型(无效价):难以识别感受(G-DIF)、难以描述感受(G-DDF)和外向性思维(G-EOT)组成,对应传统述情障碍的3个方面,不考虑情绪效价;
④ 3因子模型(有效价):消极-难以评估感受(N-DAF)、积极-难以评估感受(P-DAF)和外向性思维(G-EOT)组成,无区分感受的识别和描述成分,但考虑了情绪效价;
⑤ 5因子模型:消极-难以识别感受(N-DIF)、积极-难以识别感受(P-DIF)、消极-难以描述感受(N-DDF)、积极-难以描述感受(P-DDF)和外向性思维(G-EOT)。
表2结果来看,5因子模型的拟合程度最好,GFI=0.921、NFI=0.938、CFI=0.940、TLI=0.931(均>0.9),RMSEA=0.060(<0.08),χ2/df最小。各条目因子载荷在0.52~0.83之间。
相关性分析结果显示(表3),PAQ总分及各维度与TAS总分及各维度均呈正相关(r:0.203~0.782,P<0.01);PAQ总分及各维度与抑郁症状均呈正相关(r:0.282~0.422,P<0.01);PAQ总分及各维度与焦虑症状均呈正相关(r:0.267~0.413,P<0.01)。
PAQ总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.953。N-DIF、P-DIF、N-DDF、P-DDF、G-EOT等分量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.821、0.852、0.807、0.834、0.859。
PAQ总量表的组内相关系数(ICC系数)为0.762,N-DIF、P-DIF、N-DDF、P-DDF、G-EOT等分量表的组内相关系数分别为0.717、0.676、0.716、0.709、0.692。
本研究旨在以青少年为研究对象对英文版珀斯述情障碍量表(PAQ)进行汉化及信效度检验。通过系统的翻译、回译和文化适应性调整,确保了量表在语言和文化背景上的适用性。随后,通过大样本的实证研究,评估了中文版PAQ量表在青少年群体中的适用性。研究结果显示,该量表在各测量指标上均表现出优良的心理测量学特性。
本研究采用决断系数法和相关系数法对中文版PAQ量表进行条目分析。决断系数法结果显示,量表各条目的CR值介于49.439至94.506之间,P值均小于0.01,表明量表各条目的区分度均较好。此外,各条目与量表总分的相关性介于0.540至0.777之间,P值均小于0.01,表明各条目与整体量表具有较强的一致性和关联性。以上结果表明,PAQ各条目在汉化后仍能有效反映述情障碍的各个维度,并且能够可靠地区分不同述情障碍水平的青少年。
本研究采用验证性因子分析和效标效度检验中文版PAQ量表的效度。结果显示,拟合程度最好的模型为5因子模型。GFI、NFI、CFI和TLI的值均大于0.9,RMSEA的值小于0.08,且各条目的载荷在0.52到0.83之间,均在0.4以上,表明该量表在中国青少年中能够有效地反映述情障碍的多维特征。效标效度结果显示,中文版PAQ量表与多伦多述情障碍量表间存在正相关关系,即表明两者在测量个体述情障碍水平方面具有一致性。此外,中文版PAQ量表与抑郁症状和焦虑症状也均具有正相关关系,即高水平述情障碍个体因缺乏情绪识别和描述技能,与他人进行情感交流存在困难,倾向于注重自己内心状态,因此会导致更多的内化问题(例如,抑郁和焦虑症状)[17-18]。该量表不仅能够测量述情障碍,还能反映述情障碍与其他心理问题的关系。
本研究内部一致性结果显示,总量表的Cronbach α系数大于0.900,N-DIF、P-DIF、N-DDF、P-DDF、G-EOT等分量表的Cronbach α系数均在0.800以上,表明该量表的内部一致性较好。重测信度通过间隔4周后选取部分青少年再次进行测量,计算两次测量结果的相关性进行评估。结果显示,中文版PAQ总量表的重测信度大于0.700,N-DIF、P-DIF、N-DDF、P-DDF、G-EOT等分量表的重测信度均在0.600以上,表明该量表在青少年群体中具有较好的稳定性。
综上所述,中文版PAQ量表在青少年群体中具有良好的信效度。通过使用中文版PAQ量表,教育工作者和心理健康专业人士可以更准确地评估青少年的述情障碍水平,从而制定针对性的心理干预措施,帮助他们更好地理解和调节情绪,提升心理健康水平。但本研究仍存在不足之处,首先本研究的样本仅限于某些地区的青少年,样本的代表性有限。未来研究应扩大样本范围,纳入不同地区和文化背景的青少年,以验证PAQ的广泛适用性。其次,本研究使用的为横断面数据,未来可以结合纵向研究设计,探讨述情障碍的变化轨迹及其对个体心理健康的长期影响。
  • 泰山学者青年专家人才项目(tsqn201909145)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408233
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
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泰山学者青年专家人才项目(tsqn201909145)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.济宁医学院公共卫生学院
    3.滨州医学院公共卫生学院
    4.济宁医学院精神卫生学院
    5.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)公共卫生与健康管理学院
    6.山东省蒙阴县蒙山中学

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刘燕,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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