Article(id=1241023855205077584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407510, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722182400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812744189, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812744189, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812744189, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812744189, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=310, endPage=314, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023856794718904, articleId=1241023855205077584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between pain status and subjective life expectancy in elderly patients with chronic diseases: the chain mediating effect of daily activity ability and depression, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mediating effects of daily activity ability and depression on pain status and subjective life expectancy in elderly patients with chronic diseases, and to provide suggestions and references for active aging.

Methods

Based on The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020 data, 5 768 patients with chronic diseases aged ≥60 years were selected as the study subjects, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between pain, ability to perform activities of daily living, depression, and subjective life expectancy, and PROCESS 4.1 program Model 6 was used to construct the chain-mediated model.

Results

Pain was positively correlated with impaired daily activity ability and depression (r=0.399, P<0.001; r=0.370, P<0.001), was negatively correlated with subjective life expectancy (r=-0.221, P<0.001); The mediating effects of daily activity ability and depression on pain and subjective life expectancy were significant, with simple mediating effects of -0.023 (95%CI: -0.031 to -0.016) and -0.042 (95%CI: -0.049 to -0.034), respectively. The chain mediation effect was -0.013(95%CI: -0.016 to -0.010). The total mediating effect of daily activity ability and depression on pain and subjective life expectancy was -0.078, accounting for 57.78%.

Conclusion

There is a chain mediated effect between daily activity ability and depression on pain status and subjective life expectancy in elderly patients with chronic diseases. With the popularization of primary medical and health services, the family doctor service team needs to improve the comprehensive management of elderly patients with chronic diseases, improve the subjective well-being of elderly patients with chronic diseases from pain management, daily activity intervention, depression regulation and other aspects, and prolong the subjective life expectancy.

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目的

探讨日常活动能力与抑郁在老年慢性病患者疼痛状况与主观预期寿命间的中介作用,为积极老龄化提供建议与参考。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,选取≥60岁慢性病患者5 768名作为研究对象,运用Spearman相关分析方法探讨疼痛、日常活动能力、抑郁和主观预期寿命之间的相关性,采用PROCESS 4.1程序Model 6构建链式中介模型。

结果

疼痛与日常活动能力受损、抑郁呈正相关(r=0.399,P<0.001;r=0.370,P<0.001),与主观预期寿命呈负相关(r=-0.221,P<0.001);日常活动能力与抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命之间的中介效应显著,简单中介效应值分别为-0.023(95%CI:-0.031~-0.016)和-0.042(95%CI:-0.049~-0.034),链式中介效应为-0.013(95%CI:-0.016~-0.010)。日常活动能力和抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命间的总中介效应值为-0.078,效应占比为57.78%。

结论

日常活动能力与抑郁在老年慢性病患者疼痛状况与主观预期寿命间存在链式中介效应。随着基层医疗卫生服务的普及,家庭医生服务团队需要提高对老年慢性病患者综合管理力度,从疼痛管理、日常活动能力干预、抑郁调节等多方面提升老年慢性病患者的主观幸福感,延长主观预期寿命。

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马东平,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fLZ/FcoSHLNs7MrkLHGI8g==, magXml=gNnAZZu20yDI4S2CihXCaA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=OD86HN85J/fYvsEf88lU3Q==, pdfFileSize=700206, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=AhzXI2oLi4gbFCaia5Z46g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gI2iOT8jGwwulqqSqko4wg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张宝轩(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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张宝轩(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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张宝轩(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Mediating effects of depression on the relationship between activities of daily living and self-neglect among empty-nesters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023873773261263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=212, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=孙丹丹, 孙朵朵, 索靖东, journalName=中华疾病控制杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙丹丹,孙朵朵,索靖东,等.抑郁在老年人社会参与和认知功能间的中介作用[J].中华疾病控制杂志2022, 26(2): 212-217., articleTitle=抑郁在老年人社会参与和认知功能间的中介作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023873873924561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=212, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Sun DD, Sun DD, Suo JD, journalName=Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun DD, Sun DD, Suo JD, et al. The mediating role of depression in the relationship between social engagement and cognitive function in older persons[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, 2022, 26(2): 212-217. 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Basic information of the research object

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人口学特征样本例数(n构成比(%)主观预期寿命
tF)值P
性别2.3790.017
2 94851.12.89±1.23
2 82048.92.81±1.27
年龄(岁)176.937a<0.001
60~693 78265.63.06±1.24
70~791 71029.62.50±1.20
≥802764.82.11±1.04
居住地8.882<0.001
城镇2 03535.33.05±1.24
农村3 73364.72.74±1.25
婚姻状态7.021<0.001
在婚4 63880.42.91±1.24
非在婚1 13019.62.61±1.27
文化程度61.604a<0.001
文盲或半文盲2 71447.12.71±1.27
小学毕业1 32923.02.77±1.22
初中及以上1 72529.93.12±1.20
自评健康18.381<0.001
1 02417.83.48±1.21
4 74482.22.71±1.22
合计5 768100.02.85±1.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241023866047353071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本情况

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人口学特征样本例数(n构成比(%)主观预期寿命
tF)值P
性别2.3790.017
2 94851.12.89±1.23
2 82048.92.81±1.27
年龄(岁)176.937a<0.001
60~693 78265.63.06±1.24
70~791 71029.62.50±1.20
≥802764.82.11±1.04
居住地8.882<0.001
城镇2 03535.33.05±1.24
农村3 73364.72.74±1.25
婚姻状态7.021<0.001
在婚4 63880.42.91±1.24
非在婚1 13019.62.61±1.27
文化程度61.604a<0.001
文盲或半文盲2 71447.12.71±1.27
小学毕业1 32923.02.77±1.22
初中及以上1 72529.93.12±1.20
自评健康18.381<0.001
1 02417.83.48±1.21
4 74482.22.71±1.22
合计5 768100.02.85±1.25
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Correlation analysis of pain, daily activity ability, depression and subjective life expectancy

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变量疼痛日常活动能力抑郁主观预期寿命
疼痛1.000
日常活动能力0.399a1.000
抑郁0.370a0.417a1.000
主观预期寿命-0.221a-0.293a-0.326a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241023867678937344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

疼痛、日常活动能力、抑郁、主观预期寿命相关性分析

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变量疼痛日常活动能力抑郁主观预期寿命
疼痛1.000
日常活动能力0.399a1.000
抑郁0.370a0.417a1.000
主观预期寿命-0.221a-0.293a-0.326a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241023867796377862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test table of mediation effect

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变量模型1
主观预期寿命
模型2
日常活动能力
模型3
抑郁
模型4
主观预期寿命
βtβtβtβt
疼痛-0.135-11.4780.89322.2971.36718.901-0.057-4.631
日常活动能力0.48121.076-0.026-6.695
抑郁-0.030-13.974
R20.1500.1410.2900.194
F145.133a135.142a294.641a153.693a
), ArticleFig(id=1241023867947372814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中介效应检验表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1
主观预期寿命
模型2
日常活动能力
模型3
抑郁
模型4
主观预期寿命
βtβtβtβt
疼痛-0.135-11.4780.89322.2971.36718.901-0.057-4.631
日常活动能力0.48121.076-0.026-6.695
抑郁-0.030-13.974
R20.1500.1410.2900.194
F145.133a135.142a294.641a153.693a
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868077396240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The mediation effect of daily activity ability and depression on pain and subjectivelife expectancy was tested

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别效应值(95%CI标准误效应占比(%)
总效应-0.135(-0.158~-0.112)0.012100.00
直接效应-0.057(-0.081~-0.033)0.01242.22
总中介效应-0.078(-0.088~-0.068)0.00557.78
路径1-0.023(-0.031~-0.016)0.00417.04
路径2-0.042(-0.049~-0.034)0.00431.11
路径3-0.013(-0.016~-0.010)0.0019.63
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868240974103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023855205077584, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

日常活动能力与抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命间的Bootstrap中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别效应值(95%CI标准误效应占比(%)
总效应-0.135(-0.158~-0.112)0.012100.00
直接效应-0.057(-0.081~-0.033)0.01242.22
总中介效应-0.078(-0.088~-0.068)0.00557.78
路径1-0.023(-0.031~-0.016)0.00417.04
路径2-0.042(-0.049~-0.034)0.00431.11
路径3-0.013(-0.016~-0.010)0.0019.63
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老年慢性病患者疼痛状况与主观预期寿命的关系:日常活动能力与抑郁的链式中介作用
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张宝轩 1, 2, 3 , 罗金萍 1, 2, 3 , 孙嘉颖 1, 2, 3 , 耿铭慧 1, 2, 3 , 牟艺帆 1, 2, 3 , 尹文强 1, 2, 3 , 陈钟鸣 1, 2, 3 , 马东平 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(2): 310-314
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(2): 310-314
老年慢性病患者疼痛状况与主观预期寿命的关系:日常活动能力与抑郁的链式中介作用
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张宝轩1, 2, 3, 罗金萍1, 2, 3, 孙嘉颖1, 2, 3, 耿铭慧1, 2, 3, 牟艺帆1, 2, 3, 尹文强1, 2, 3, 陈钟鸣1, 2, 3, 马东平1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
  • 3.健康风险预警治理协同创新中心
  • 张宝轩(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

通讯作者:

马东平,E-mail:
Relationship between pain status and subjective life expectancy in elderly patients with chronic diseases: the chain mediating effect of daily activity ability and depression
Bao-xuan ZHANG1, 2, 3, Jin-ping LUO1, 2, 3, Jia-ying SUN1, 2, 3, Ming-hui GENG1, 2, 3, Yi-fan MOU1, 2, 3, Wen-qiang YIN1, 2, 3, Zhong-ming CHEN1, 2, 3, Dong-ping MA1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407510
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目的

探讨日常活动能力与抑郁在老年慢性病患者疼痛状况与主观预期寿命间的中介作用,为积极老龄化提供建议与参考。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,选取≥60岁慢性病患者5 768名作为研究对象,运用Spearman相关分析方法探讨疼痛、日常活动能力、抑郁和主观预期寿命之间的相关性,采用PROCESS 4.1程序Model 6构建链式中介模型。

结果

疼痛与日常活动能力受损、抑郁呈正相关(r=0.399,P<0.001;r=0.370,P<0.001),与主观预期寿命呈负相关(r=-0.221,P<0.001);日常活动能力与抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命之间的中介效应显著,简单中介效应值分别为-0.023(95%CI:-0.031~-0.016)和-0.042(95%CI:-0.049~-0.034),链式中介效应为-0.013(95%CI:-0.016~-0.010)。日常活动能力和抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命间的总中介效应值为-0.078,效应占比为57.78%。

结论

日常活动能力与抑郁在老年慢性病患者疼痛状况与主观预期寿命间存在链式中介效应。随着基层医疗卫生服务的普及,家庭医生服务团队需要提高对老年慢性病患者综合管理力度,从疼痛管理、日常活动能力干预、抑郁调节等多方面提升老年慢性病患者的主观幸福感,延长主观预期寿命。

老年人  /  慢性病  /  疼痛  /  主观预期寿命  /  链式中介
Objective

To investigate the mediating effects of daily activity ability and depression on pain status and subjective life expectancy in elderly patients with chronic diseases, and to provide suggestions and references for active aging.

Methods

Based on The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020 data, 5 768 patients with chronic diseases aged ≥60 years were selected as the study subjects, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between pain, ability to perform activities of daily living, depression, and subjective life expectancy, and PROCESS 4.1 program Model 6 was used to construct the chain-mediated model.

Results

Pain was positively correlated with impaired daily activity ability and depression (r=0.399, P<0.001; r=0.370, P<0.001), was negatively correlated with subjective life expectancy (r=-0.221, P<0.001); The mediating effects of daily activity ability and depression on pain and subjective life expectancy were significant, with simple mediating effects of -0.023 (95%CI: -0.031 to -0.016) and -0.042 (95%CI: -0.049 to -0.034), respectively. The chain mediation effect was -0.013(95%CI: -0.016 to -0.010). The total mediating effect of daily activity ability and depression on pain and subjective life expectancy was -0.078, accounting for 57.78%.

Conclusion

There is a chain mediated effect between daily activity ability and depression on pain status and subjective life expectancy in elderly patients with chronic diseases. With the popularization of primary medical and health services, the family doctor service team needs to improve the comprehensive management of elderly patients with chronic diseases, improve the subjective well-being of elderly patients with chronic diseases from pain management, daily activity intervention, depression regulation and other aspects, and prolong the subjective life expectancy.

The elderly  /  Chronic diseases  /  Pain  /  Subjective life expectancy  /  Chain mediation
张宝轩, 罗金萍, 孙嘉颖, 耿铭慧, 牟艺帆, 尹文强, 陈钟鸣, 马东平. 老年慢性病患者疼痛状况与主观预期寿命的关系:日常活动能力与抑郁的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 310 -314 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407510
Bao-xuan ZHANG, Jin-ping LUO, Jia-ying SUN, Ming-hui GENG, Yi-fan MOU, Wen-qiang YIN, Zhong-ming CHEN, Dong-ping MA. Relationship between pain status and subjective life expectancy in elderly patients with chronic diseases: the chain mediating effect of daily activity ability and depression[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 310 -314 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407510
2022年5月,国务院办公厅印发的《“十四五”国民健康规划》指出要提高人民健康水平,延长人均预期寿命[1]。主观预期寿命作为个体对未来生命剩余时间的主观预期,能够反映居民某个时间阶段的心理健康状态[2]。随着我国老龄化的不断加深,慢性病成为严重威胁人群健康的重大公共卫生问题,2021年因慢性病死亡的居民占总死亡人数的89.32%,可见慢性病已成为死亡和疾病负担的主要原因[3],既往研究显示慢性病会降低患者的主观预期寿命[4],因此,如何提高慢性病患者自身寿命的主观预期对积极老龄化具有重要意义。
疼痛是慢性病最常见的症状,疼痛的存在对主观预期寿命具有影响[5]。同时,个体会通过对日常活动能力状况的感知影响主观预期寿命[6]。有研究表明经常经历疼痛的人群日常活动能力受损的可能性更大[7],因此疼痛可能会通过日常活动能力的中介效应作用于主观预期寿命。抑郁作为一种严重的精神健康障碍,会产生对未来的负面情绪从而降低自身对寿命的评判[8]。而疼痛作为抑郁的独立危险因素[9],可能会通过抑郁影响个体对长寿的期待。另外,日常活动能力受损负向预测主观预期寿命[6],而日常活动能力受损会促使抑郁的产生和发展[10],因此日常活动能力与抑郁可能在疼痛与主观预期寿命之间存在链式中介效应。
综上所述,既往研究虽关注了疼痛、日常活动能力与抑郁对主观预期寿命的影响,但对于其中的作用机制较少探讨。鉴于此,本研究将日常活动能力与抑郁作为中介变量,探讨疼痛对主观预期寿命的影响路径,为维护老年慢性病患者心理健康与“健康中国”建设提供对策与建议。
本研究数据来源于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)。CHARLS全国基线调查涵盖全国28个省,采用分层多阶段按人口规模成比例的概率抽样方法,以45岁及以上住户人群为基线调查对象,该调查涵盖了个人健康与功能的多个维度,能够为本研究提供更为全面的数据来源。根据研究目的,本研究最终纳入5 768名研究对象。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)自述已确诊慢性非传染性疾病;(3)人口学信息、疼痛、BADL量表、IADL量表、抑郁、主观预期寿命测量指标完整者。排除标准:(1)未参与评估者;(2)研究变量不符合逻辑及缺失者。
2020年CHARLS问卷中含有高血压、糖尿病、心脏病等15种疾病,调查员通过询问受访者医生是否告知他们患有该种疾病来判断患慢性病的数量。每患一种疾病记1分,总分在0~15分之间,选取≥1分的受访者作为研究对象。
以问卷中“是否经常因为疼痛而难受”来判断研究对象疼痛状况,将“完全没有”“有一点”“有一些”“比较多”及“非常多”分别定义为1、2、3、4、5分,分数越高代表疼痛状况越多。
日常活动能力选用基础性日常活动能力(basic activities of daily living, BADL)与工具性日常活动能力(instrumental activities of daily living, IADL)测量。BADL包括穿衣、洗澡、吃饭、上下床、上厕所、控制大小便;IADL包括做家务、做饭、购物、打电话、吃药、管钱。根据选项中“没有困难”“有困难但仍可以完成”“有困难,需要帮助”“无法完成”分别赋值1、2、3、4,总分在12~48分之间,分数越高代表日常活动能力受损越严重[10]。本研究量表Cronbach α系数为0.867。
本研究以CHARLS问卷中抑郁量表简表(CES-D10)测量抑郁,该量表包含10个条目,根据选项中“很少或者根本没有”“不太多”“有时或者说有一半时间有”“大多数时间”分别定义为1、2、3、4分,其中对“我对未来充满希望”及“我很愉快”两项正向条目反向赋分,总分在10~40分之间,分数越高代表抑郁程度越高[11]。本研究抑郁量表简表Cronbach α系数为0.781。
CHARLS调查中调查员根据受访者不同年龄段询问有关自身主观寿命预期的问题,具体将受访者分为小于65岁,65~69岁,70~74岁等9个年龄段,并对应询问活到75岁、80岁、85岁等年龄的可能性,本研究将“几乎不太可能”“不太可能”“有可能”“很可能”“简直一定”5个选项赋值1~5分,分数越高代表主观预期寿命越长[2]
本研究采用SPSS 27.0 软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用频数以及百分比表示,计量资料采用均值±标准差()表示,不同组别主观预期寿命比较采用t检验或方差分析,用Spearman相关分析方法分析疼痛、日常活动能力、抑郁、主观预期寿命之间的相关性,使用SPSS PROCESS 4.1程序中的模型6检验链式中介效应,双侧检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,纳入的5 768名老年慢性病患者中,平均年龄(67.98±5.91)岁。其中,男性2 948人(51.1%),女性2 820人(48.9%);城镇2 035人(35.3%),农村的3 733人(64.7%);在婚居民4 638人(80.4%),非在婚居民1 130人(19.6%);文盲或半文盲2 714人(47.1%),小学毕业1 329人(23.0%),初中及以上1 725人(29.9%);自评健康状态好的1 024人(17.8%),自评健康状态差的4 744人(82.2%)。见表1
不同性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状态、文化程度、自评健康老年慢性病患者主观预期寿命差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),主观预期寿命平均得分为(2.85±1.25)分。见表2
Spearman相关分析结果显示,疼痛与日常活动能力受损、抑郁呈正相关关系(r=0.399,P<0.001;r=0.370,P<0.001);日常活动能力受损与抑郁呈正相关关系(r=0.417,P<0.001);主观预期寿命与疼痛、日常活动能力受损、抑郁呈负相关关系(r=-0.221,P<0.001;r=-0.293,P<0.001;r=-0.326,P<0.001)。
本研究在控制性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状态、文化程度、自评健康的基础上,以疼痛为自变量,以主观预期寿命为因变量,以日常活动能力及抑郁为中介变量。采用SPSS PROCESS插件Model 6检验日常活动能力与抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命中的链式中介作用。链式中介分析结果显示,疼痛对主观预期寿命的总效应有统计学意义(β=-0.135,P<0.001),纳入中介变量后,疼痛对主观预期寿命的负向预测作用仍然成立(β=-0.057,P<0.001),并且疼痛均可正向预测日常活动能力受损与抑郁(β=0.893,P<0.001;β=1.367,P<0.001);此外,日常活动能力受损可正向预测抑郁(β=0.481,P<0.001),负向预测主观预期寿命(β=-0.026,P<0.001);抑郁可负向预测主观预期寿命(β=-0.030,P<0.001)。见图1表3
Bootstrap中介效应检验结果显示,日常活动能力与抑郁的中介效应的95%置信区间均不包含0,表明日常活动能力与抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命间的链式中介作用成立,总中介效应值为-0.078(95%CI:-0.088~-0.068),占总效应的57.78%;疼痛到主观预期寿命的直接效应值为-0.057,(95%CI:-0.081~-0.033),占总效应的42.22%。见表4
研究表明,慢性病患者疼痛对主观预期寿命具有负向预测作用,疼痛状况越多的老年慢病患者主观预期寿命越低,这与Fennell等的研究结果一致[5]。疼痛对患者的长期影响会引起大脑结构与功能的变化,增加认知障碍产生的风险,降低语言能力与延迟记忆力[12]。同时疼痛所带来的心理上的变化或者所造成的个人健康行为的变化也会影响患者对自身寿命的解读[13]
研究结果显示,日常活动能力在慢性病患者疼痛与主观预期寿命间具有中介效应。感受到疼痛存在的人群,会减少社交活动,进一步造成身体的衰弱,加重日常活动能力的减弱程度[5],从而更容易造成残疾。有学者运用BADL及IADL作为残疾的测量指标,发现残疾会极大程度地降低主观预期寿命[14],可能是因为日常活动能力的受损会导致活动范围缩小与活动能力的下降,增加社会隔离的风险,容易使患者降低或否定自我价值的存在[15]
根据研究结果,抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命之间的中介效应显著。疼痛能够正向预测抑郁,这与既往研究结果一致[16],其内在机制可能是疼痛过程中海马区域上神经元突触可塑性、灰质体积、电生理特征等结构或功能的异常改变,促进了负性情绪的产生[17]。同时抑郁与神经递质失衡密切相关,神经递质水平的下降会造成个体生活兴趣下降,产生焦虑内疚的情绪[18],而主观预期寿命作为一种心理建构,是乐观或悲观生活取向的反映,抑郁本身的发病机制会造成慢性病疼痛患者对长寿期待的负面影响[19]
本研究发现,日常活动能力与抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命之间存在链式中介效应,即老年慢性病患者疼痛可以通过日常活动能力影响抑郁,进而作用于主观预期寿命。具体来说,疼痛程度的加重会导致老年慢性病患者日常活动能力的减弱,致使抵御应激能力降低[16],此外,日常活动能力受损会严重影响个体的社会功能,可能会因为独立生活能力与社会参与能力的丧失而感到自卑与无助[10],增加对衰老与死亡的恐惧[20],进而产生抑郁情绪。而个体对自身寿命的消极预测可能是抑郁的存在能够增加认知扭曲产生的风险,造成选择性注意的现象,抑郁的老年慢性病患者可能会使注意力主要集中在消极情绪而忽略了对自身病情的客观评估[21]
本研究系统探讨了老年慢性病患者疼痛、日常活动能力、抑郁、主观预期寿命之间的关系与影响路径,发现日常活动能力与抑郁在疼痛与主观预期寿命之间存在链式中介效应,有利于为改善老年慢性病患者心理健康,制定提升主观预期寿命的干预措施提供理论依据。当前随着基层医疗服务的发展,基层卫生服务人员,特别是家庭医生服务团队需要提高对老年慢性病患者的综合管理力度,需要从疼痛管理、日常活动能力干预、抑郁调节等多方面提升老年慢性病患者的主观幸福感,延长主观预期寿命。首先,家庭医生服务团队需要打通与患者及其家属的沟通桥梁,向其普及疼痛管理的知识,同时家庭医生服务团队应当保障基本治疗疼痛药物的供应及其自身医疗水平的提高,与其家属共同规范疼痛管理。其次,对于疼痛造成日常活动能力受损严重的患者,需要为其制作相应的康复训练计划,帮助受损严重的患者提升日常活动能力,降低产生抑郁情绪的风险。最后,家庭医生服务团队可与专业心理医生达成合作,或直接担任患者心理状态的检测者,定期开展心理疏导工作,也可通过建立慢性病随访及时了解患者的情绪并提供相应心理服务。此外,本研究也存在不足之处,一方面,本研究只关注了疼痛状况,缺乏对疼痛部位的针对性探讨。另一方面,本研究作为横断面研究,不能对变量间因果关系进行验证,今后会从队列研究角度完善研究设计,确定变量间的因果关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004164)
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2025年第52卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407510
  • 接收时间:2024-07-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-29
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国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004164)
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    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
    3.健康风险预警治理协同创新中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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