Article(id=1241023851677667796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408368, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724601600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812743348, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812743348, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812743348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812743348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=260, endPage=266, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023852076126681, articleId=1241023851677667796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between leisure screen time and insomnia symptoms in adolescents, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the associations between leisure screen time and theinsomnia symptoms among adolescents.

Methods

A random cluster sampling method was used to assess leisure screen time among adolescents aged 12-18 attending schools in Pidu District, Chengdu. Participants reported their screen time on school days and weekends via self-administered questionnaires. Insomnia symptoms were collected using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Adolescents were categorized into two groups based on their ISI scores: the non-insomnia group (ISI score <7) and the insomnia group (ISI score ≥7). Logistic regression models, adjusted for multiple confounders, were used to estimate the association between leisure screen time and the occurrence of insomnia symptoms.

Results

A total of 13 240 adolescents participated, comprising 6 581 boys (49.7%) and 6 659 girls (50.3%), with a mean age of 15.4 years (±1.57). Of these, 51.8% reported an average daily leisure screen time exceeding 2 h, and the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 35.3%. After adjusting for all confounding factors, logistic regression analysis indicated that leisure screen time >2 h was a significant risk factor for insomnia symptoms (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.03-1.23). Further analysis by quartiles of leisure screen time revealed that adolescents in Q3 (OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.02-1.28) and Q4 (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.08-1.39) had significantly increased risks of insomnia, whereas no significant association was observed in the Q2 group. A clear dose-response relationship was observed between leisure screen time and insomnia (Ptrend<0.001). Subgroup analyses by sex, region, economic status, single child, and caretaker did not reveal significant interactions (Pinteraction>0.05).

Conclusion

Prolonged leisure screen time significantly increases the risk of insomnia symptoms among adolescents. Parents and schools should encourage physical activity and reduce electronic device usage to promote their well-being.

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目的

探讨青少年休闲屏幕时间与失眠症状发生的关联。

方法

采用随机整群抽样方法,对成都市郫都区在校12~18岁青少年通过自我报告问卷评估研究对象上学日和周末休闲屏幕使用时间。采用失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)评估研究对象的失眠症状。根据ISI总分分为无失眠症状组(<7分)和有失眠症状组(≥7分)。使用logistic回归模型评估休闲屏幕时间与发生失眠症状的关联。

结果

本研究共纳入13 240名青少年,其中男生6 581名(49.7%),女生6 659名(50.3%);平均年龄为(15.4±1.57)岁,有51.8%的青少年平均每日休闲屏幕时间>2 h,失眠症状检出率为35.3%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整混杂后,青少年休闲屏幕时间>2 h是失眠症状的危险因素(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.03~1.23)。进一步按休闲屏幕时间的四分位数分组分析显示,休闲屏幕时间处于Q3(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.02~1.28)和Q4(OR=1.22,95%CI=1.08~1.39)的青少年,失眠风险显著增加,而Q2组未发现显著关联。此外,休闲屏幕时间水平与失眠之间呈现明显的剂量-反应关系(趋势性P<0.001)。在性别、地区、经济状况、独生子女及主要照顾人等亚组分析中,均未观察到明显的交互作用(P交互作用> 0.05)。

结论

休闲屏幕时间过长显著增加青少年失眠症状风险。家长和学校应鼓励学生增加体力活动,并减少使用电子设备,以促进其身心健康。

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刘巧兰与姜侠为共同通信作者;刘巧兰,E-mail:
姜侠,E-mail:
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邓琴(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:久坐行为、体力活动和心理健康

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邓琴(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:久坐行为、体力活动和心理健康

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(10): 3661., articleTitle=The conceptual and methodological mayhem of "screen time", refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023870157771125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023851677667796, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Ernala SK, Burke M, Leavitt A, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ernala SK, Burke M, Leavitt A, et al. 2020. How well do People report time spent on facebook? An evaluation of established survey questions with recommendations[EB/OL]. [2024-12-16]. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376435., articleTitle=2020. How well do People report time spent on facebook? 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Comparison of basic situation of the subjects in the insomnia group and the non-insomnia group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量失眠症状组
(n=4 677)
非失眠症状组
(n=8 563)
t/χ2P
年龄[岁,]15.6(1.49)15.3(1.61)-8.870<0.001
性别[n(%)]46.602<0.001
男性2 137(45.7)4 444(51.9)
女性2 540(54.3)4 119(48.1)
地区[n(%)]0.9850.301
城市1 843(39.4)3 450(40.3)
乡村2 834(60.6)5 113(59.7)
经济状况[n(%)]3.0060.080
高收入水平326(7.0)668(7.8)
中低收入水平4 351(93.0)7 895(92.2)
独生子女[n(%)]6.5230.011
1 592(34.0)3 105(36.3)
3 085(66.0)5 458(63.7)
主要照顾人[n(%)]22.479<0.001
双亲或其他人3 085(66.0)5 991(70.0)
单亲1 592(34.0)2 572(30.0)
父亲受教育水平[n(%)]21.174<0.001
初中及以下2 718(58.1)4 628(54.0)
高中或职高1 251(26.8)2 462(28.8)
本科及以上708(15.1)1 473(17.2)
母亲受教育与水平[n(%)]29.032<0.001
初中及以下2 893(61.9)4 900(57.2)
高中或职高1 214(25.9)2 417(28.2)
本科及以上570(12.2)1 246(14.6)
体质指数[kg/m2,]19.9±3.319.9±3.30.6230.426
吸烟[n(%)]59.385<0.001
4 207(90.0)8 021(93.7)
470(10.0)542(6.3)
饮酒[n(%)]122.387<0.001
3 829(81.9)7 602(88.8)
848(18.1)961(11.2)
学习成绩[n(%)]70.625<0.001
1 799(38.5)2 678(31.3)
1 955(41.8)4 052(47.3)
923(19.7)1 833(21.4)
健康状况[n(%)]915.085<0.001
897(19.2)560(6.5)
1 774(37.9)2 187(25.6)
2 006(42.9)5 816(67.9)
早餐[n(%)]307.261<0.001
从不吃160(3.4)177(2.1)
一周1~2次640(13.7)749(8.7)
一周3~4次776(16.6)1 036(12.1)
一周5~6次1 049(22.4)1 514(17.7)
每天2 052(43.9)5 087(59.4)
蔬菜和水果[n(%)]268.852<0.001
从不吃150(3.2)133(1.6)
一周1~2次1 419(30.3)1 887(22.0)
一周3~4次1 179(25.2)2 898(22.2)
一周5~6次625(13.4)1 174(13.7)
每天1 304(27.9)3 471(40.5)
肉,蛋,奶[n(%)]206.853<0.001
从不吃65(1.4)79(0.9)
一周1~2次596(12.7)765(8.9)
一周3~4次993(21.2)1 398(16.3)
一周5~6次898(19.2)1 328(15.5)
每天2 125(45.4)4 993(58.3)
含糖饮料[n(%)]35.090<0.001
从不吃445(9.5)781(9.1)
一周1~2次2 065(44.2)4 159(48.6)
一周3~4次1 167(25.0)1 978(23.1)
一周5~6次501(10.7)719(8.4)
每天499(10.7)926(10.8)
甜食[n(%)]10.0950.039
从不吃734(15.7)1 213(14.2)
一周1~2次2 535(54.2)4 871(56.9)
一周3~4次863(18.5)1 525(17.8)
一周5~6次248(5.3)436(5.1)
每天297(6.4)518(6.0)
油炸食品[n(%)]29.661<0.001
从不吃945(20.2)1 645(19.2)
一周1~2次2 773(59.3)5 388(62.9)
一周3~4次674(14.4)1 038(12.1)
一周5~6次169(3.6)238(2.8)
每天116(2.5)254(3.0)
体力活动水平[n(%)]7.9720.029
2 343(50.0)4 101(47.9)
1 281(27.3)2 333(27.3)
1 063(22.7)2 119(24.8)
休闲屏幕时间[n(%)]87.449<0.001
2 167(46.3)4 695(54.8)
2 510(53.7)3 868(45.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023861311984592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023851677667796, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

失眠症状组与非失眠症状组研究对象基本情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量失眠症状组
(n=4 677)
非失眠症状组
(n=8 563)
t/χ2P
年龄[岁,]15.6(1.49)15.3(1.61)-8.870<0.001
性别[n(%)]46.602<0.001
男性2 137(45.7)4 444(51.9)
女性2 540(54.3)4 119(48.1)
地区[n(%)]0.9850.301
城市1 843(39.4)3 450(40.3)
乡村2 834(60.6)5 113(59.7)
经济状况[n(%)]3.0060.080
高收入水平326(7.0)668(7.8)
中低收入水平4 351(93.0)7 895(92.2)
独生子女[n(%)]6.5230.011
1 592(34.0)3 105(36.3)
3 085(66.0)5 458(63.7)
主要照顾人[n(%)]22.479<0.001
双亲或其他人3 085(66.0)5 991(70.0)
单亲1 592(34.0)2 572(30.0)
父亲受教育水平[n(%)]21.174<0.001
初中及以下2 718(58.1)4 628(54.0)
高中或职高1 251(26.8)2 462(28.8)
本科及以上708(15.1)1 473(17.2)
母亲受教育与水平[n(%)]29.032<0.001
初中及以下2 893(61.9)4 900(57.2)
高中或职高1 214(25.9)2 417(28.2)
本科及以上570(12.2)1 246(14.6)
体质指数[kg/m2,]19.9±3.319.9±3.30.6230.426
吸烟[n(%)]59.385<0.001
4 207(90.0)8 021(93.7)
470(10.0)542(6.3)
饮酒[n(%)]122.387<0.001
3 829(81.9)7 602(88.8)
848(18.1)961(11.2)
学习成绩[n(%)]70.625<0.001
1 799(38.5)2 678(31.3)
1 955(41.8)4 052(47.3)
923(19.7)1 833(21.4)
健康状况[n(%)]915.085<0.001
897(19.2)560(6.5)
1 774(37.9)2 187(25.6)
2 006(42.9)5 816(67.9)
早餐[n(%)]307.261<0.001
从不吃160(3.4)177(2.1)
一周1~2次640(13.7)749(8.7)
一周3~4次776(16.6)1 036(12.1)
一周5~6次1 049(22.4)1 514(17.7)
每天2 052(43.9)5 087(59.4)
蔬菜和水果[n(%)]268.852<0.001
从不吃150(3.2)133(1.6)
一周1~2次1 419(30.3)1 887(22.0)
一周3~4次1 179(25.2)2 898(22.2)
一周5~6次625(13.4)1 174(13.7)
每天1 304(27.9)3 471(40.5)
肉,蛋,奶[n(%)]206.853<0.001
从不吃65(1.4)79(0.9)
一周1~2次596(12.7)765(8.9)
一周3~4次993(21.2)1 398(16.3)
一周5~6次898(19.2)1 328(15.5)
每天2 125(45.4)4 993(58.3)
含糖饮料[n(%)]35.090<0.001
从不吃445(9.5)781(9.1)
一周1~2次2 065(44.2)4 159(48.6)
一周3~4次1 167(25.0)1 978(23.1)
一周5~6次501(10.7)719(8.4)
每天499(10.7)926(10.8)
甜食[n(%)]10.0950.039
从不吃734(15.7)1 213(14.2)
一周1~2次2 535(54.2)4 871(56.9)
一周3~4次863(18.5)1 525(17.8)
一周5~6次248(5.3)436(5.1)
每天297(6.4)518(6.0)
油炸食品[n(%)]29.661<0.001
从不吃945(20.2)1 645(19.2)
一周1~2次2 773(59.3)5 388(62.9)
一周3~4次674(14.4)1 038(12.1)
一周5~6次169(3.6)238(2.8)
每天116(2.5)254(3.0)
体力活动水平[n(%)]7.9720.029
2 343(50.0)4 101(47.9)
1 281(27.3)2 333(27.3)
1 063(22.7)2 119(24.8)
休闲屏幕时间[n(%)]87.449<0.001
2 167(46.3)4 695(54.8)
2 510(53.7)3 868(45.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023861404259291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023851677667796, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The association between leisure screen time and insomnia symptom

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
失眠连续型二分类(2 h)
h/d低(2 h/d)高(2 h/d)
OR(95%CI)POROR(95%CI)P
模型11.07(1.06,1.09)<0.0011.001.41(1.30, 1.53)<0.001
模型21.03(1.01,1.04)<0.0011.001.13(1.03, 1.23)0.007
失眠四分位数P
Q1Q2Q3Q4
OROR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
模型11.001.17(1.06, 1.30)0.0031.40(1.26, 1.56)<0.0011.73(1.54, 1.94)<0.001<0.001
模型21.001.08(0.97, 1.21)0.1511.15(1.02, 1.28)0.0211.22(1.08, 1.39)0.002<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241023861504922598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023851677667796, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

休闲屏幕时间与失眠的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
失眠连续型二分类(2 h)
h/d低(2 h/d)高(2 h/d)
OR(95%CI)POROR(95%CI)P
模型11.07(1.06,1.09)<0.0011.001.41(1.30, 1.53)<0.001
模型21.03(1.01,1.04)<0.0011.001.13(1.03, 1.23)0.007
失眠四分位数P
Q1Q2Q3Q4
OROR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
模型11.001.17(1.06, 1.30)0.0031.40(1.26, 1.56)<0.0011.73(1.54, 1.94)<0.001<0.001
模型21.001.08(0.97, 1.21)0.1511.15(1.02, 1.28)0.0211.22(1.08, 1.39)0.002<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241023863048426486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023851677667796, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Subgroup analysis of leisure screen time and insomnia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组OR(95%CI)PP交互作用
总人群1.13(1.03~1.23)0.007
性别0.053
男性1.13(1.00~1.28)0.057
女性1.12(0.99~1.27)0.071
地区0.320
城镇1.18(1.02~1.37)0.022
乡村1.20(1.07~1.35)0.009
经济状况0.532
高收入0.97(0.68~1.38)0.866
低收入1.14(1.04~1.25)0.007
独生子女0.771
1.05(0.90~1.22)0.524
1.16(1.04~1.29)0.006
主要照顾人0.443
双亲或其他1.17(1.05~1.30)0.006
单亲1.06(0.91~1.24)0.465
), ArticleFig(id=1241023863140700160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023851677667796, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

休闲屏幕时间与失眠的亚组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组OR(95%CI)PP交互作用
总人群1.13(1.03~1.23)0.007
性别0.053
男性1.13(1.00~1.28)0.057
女性1.12(0.99~1.27)0.071
地区0.320
城镇1.18(1.02~1.37)0.022
乡村1.20(1.07~1.35)0.009
经济状况0.532
高收入0.97(0.68~1.38)0.866
低收入1.14(1.04~1.25)0.007
独生子女0.771
1.05(0.90~1.22)0.524
1.16(1.04~1.29)0.006
主要照顾人0.443
双亲或其他1.17(1.05~1.30)0.006
单亲1.06(0.91~1.24)0.465
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休闲屏幕时间与青少年失眠症状的关联研究
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邓琴 1 , 侯娇娇 2 , 沙琳娜 1 , 赵洵颖 2 , 朱江波 1 , 樊萌语 1 , 黄小芳 3 , 江秀 3 , 陈志伟 3 , 车福英 4 , 刘巧兰 5 , 姜侠 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(2): 260-266
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(2): 260-266
休闲屏幕时间与青少年失眠症状的关联研究
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邓琴1, 侯娇娇2, 沙琳娜1, 赵洵颖2, 朱江波1, 樊萌语1, 黄小芳3, 江秀3, 陈志伟3, 车福英4, 刘巧兰5 , 姜侠1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,营养与食品卫生学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,流行病与卫生统计学系
  • 3.成都市郫都区疾病预防控制中心
  • 4.成都市郫都区红光街道社区卫生服务中心
  • 5.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,健康行为与社会医学系
  • 邓琴(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:久坐行为、体力活动和心理健康

通讯作者:

刘巧兰与姜侠为共同通信作者;刘巧兰,E-mail:
Association between leisure screen time and insomnia symptoms in adolescents
Qin DENG1, Jiao-jiao HOU2, Lin-na SHA1, Xun-ying ZHAO2, Jiang-bo ZHU1, Meng-yu FAN1, Xiao-fang HUANG3, Xiu JIANG3, Zhi-wei CHEN3, Fu-ying CHE4, Qiao-lan LIU5 , Xia JIANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408368
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目的

探讨青少年休闲屏幕时间与失眠症状发生的关联。

方法

采用随机整群抽样方法,对成都市郫都区在校12~18岁青少年通过自我报告问卷评估研究对象上学日和周末休闲屏幕使用时间。采用失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)评估研究对象的失眠症状。根据ISI总分分为无失眠症状组(<7分)和有失眠症状组(≥7分)。使用logistic回归模型评估休闲屏幕时间与发生失眠症状的关联。

结果

本研究共纳入13 240名青少年,其中男生6 581名(49.7%),女生6 659名(50.3%);平均年龄为(15.4±1.57)岁,有51.8%的青少年平均每日休闲屏幕时间>2 h,失眠症状检出率为35.3%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整混杂后,青少年休闲屏幕时间>2 h是失眠症状的危险因素(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.03~1.23)。进一步按休闲屏幕时间的四分位数分组分析显示,休闲屏幕时间处于Q3(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.02~1.28)和Q4(OR=1.22,95%CI=1.08~1.39)的青少年,失眠风险显著增加,而Q2组未发现显著关联。此外,休闲屏幕时间水平与失眠之间呈现明显的剂量-反应关系(趋势性P<0.001)。在性别、地区、经济状况、独生子女及主要照顾人等亚组分析中,均未观察到明显的交互作用(P交互作用> 0.05)。

结论

休闲屏幕时间过长显著增加青少年失眠症状风险。家长和学校应鼓励学生增加体力活动,并减少使用电子设备,以促进其身心健康。

休闲屏幕时间  /  失眠  /  青少年  /  逻辑回归
Objective

To investigate the associations between leisure screen time and theinsomnia symptoms among adolescents.

Methods

A random cluster sampling method was used to assess leisure screen time among adolescents aged 12-18 attending schools in Pidu District, Chengdu. Participants reported their screen time on school days and weekends via self-administered questionnaires. Insomnia symptoms were collected using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Adolescents were categorized into two groups based on their ISI scores: the non-insomnia group (ISI score <7) and the insomnia group (ISI score ≥7). Logistic regression models, adjusted for multiple confounders, were used to estimate the association between leisure screen time and the occurrence of insomnia symptoms.

Results

A total of 13 240 adolescents participated, comprising 6 581 boys (49.7%) and 6 659 girls (50.3%), with a mean age of 15.4 years (±1.57). Of these, 51.8% reported an average daily leisure screen time exceeding 2 h, and the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 35.3%. After adjusting for all confounding factors, logistic regression analysis indicated that leisure screen time >2 h was a significant risk factor for insomnia symptoms (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.03-1.23). Further analysis by quartiles of leisure screen time revealed that adolescents in Q3 (OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.02-1.28) and Q4 (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.08-1.39) had significantly increased risks of insomnia, whereas no significant association was observed in the Q2 group. A clear dose-response relationship was observed between leisure screen time and insomnia (Ptrend<0.001). Subgroup analyses by sex, region, economic status, single child, and caretaker did not reveal significant interactions (Pinteraction>0.05).

Conclusion

Prolonged leisure screen time significantly increases the risk of insomnia symptoms among adolescents. Parents and schools should encourage physical activity and reduce electronic device usage to promote their well-being.

Leisure screen time  /  Insomnia  /  Adolescents  /  Logistic regression
邓琴, 侯娇娇, 沙琳娜, 赵洵颖, 朱江波, 樊萌语, 黄小芳, 江秀, 陈志伟, 车福英, 刘巧兰, 姜侠. 休闲屏幕时间与青少年失眠症状的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 260 -266 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408368
Qin DENG, Jiao-jiao HOU, Lin-na SHA, Xun-ying ZHAO, Jiang-bo ZHU, Meng-yu FAN, Xiao-fang HUANG, Xiu JIANG, Zhi-wei CHEN, Fu-ying CHE, Qiao-lan LIU, Xia JIANG. Association between leisure screen time and insomnia symptoms in adolescents[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 260 -266 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408368
青春期是生理、心理和社会适应能力发展和成熟的关键时期,而睡眠对这一过程至关重要[1]。失眠是最常见的睡眠问题之一,流行病学调查显示,研究报道,青少年失眠症状检出率为20%~37%[2-3],在过去20年中,青少年失眠发生率不断上升[4]。研究显示,失眠可能导致青少年机体免疫力下降、创造力下降[5]、超重或肥胖[6],甚至增加代谢综合征的发生风险[7],并最终影响儿童青少年心理健康[8-9]。鉴于青少年特有的生理心理发展阶段以及药物治疗可能带来的风险,预防显得尤为重要。
青少年失眠症状发生率增加的解释包括电子设备进入卧室、全神贯注于社交媒体以及准备睡觉时暴露在过多的光线下[10]。随着科技发展,青少年的休闲屏幕时间逐渐增加[11],远超过指南建议的每日2小时[12]。研究表明,青少年诸如肥胖、心血管疾病、骨质流失等慢性疾病,以及抑郁、焦虑、自杀行为等心理疾病的发生和发展均与青少年休闲屏幕时间存在较为紧密的联系[13-15]。近年来,关于青少年使用电子屏幕与各种睡眠问题的研究已经开展,研究了电视、电子游戏、计算机和互联网以及手机等单一电子媒体的使用效果[16-18]。尽管研究有所进展,但仅有少数研究在休闲屏幕的背景下,将失眠作为特定睡眠障碍的指标进行调查。本研究选取成都市郫都区的部分青少年作为研究对象,旨在探讨休闲屏幕时间与失眠之间的关系,为制定相关干预措施提供理论依据。
在2023年6月至7月,根据四川省成都市郫都区中小学生数量(包括小学、初中、普通高中和职业高中)、学校性质(公立、私立)、城乡分布(城区、郊区)等因素,本研究采用随机整群抽样的方式,抽取了20所学校(注册学生共计17 973人)进行问卷调查,总共纳入16 482人。纳入标准为:①12~18岁青少年;②汉族;③自愿参加研究并签署知情同意书,允许其数据用于科学研究。剔除重要信息缺失超过20%的样本(94人)后,最终纳入分析的样本为13 240人。其中,男生6 581人,女生6 659人,平均年龄为(15.4±1.57)岁。本研究已通过四川大学华西公共卫生学院华西第四医院伦理委员会审查(批号GWll2023133)。
由受过培训的调查员组织学生以班级为单位填写问卷,调查结束后当场收回。
本研究通过自我报告问卷中的问题“通常一周内,你在上学日(周一至周五)业余时间里看电视、玩手机、玩电脑、玩平板等休闲性屏幕时间有多久”和“通常一周内,你在周末(周六、周日)看电视、玩手机、玩电脑、玩平板等休闲性屏幕时间有多久”分别统计上学日和周末的休闲屏幕时间。平均每日电子屏幕时间=(上学日休闲屏幕时间×5+周末休闲屏幕时间×2)/7。
失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)[19]常用于评估两周内失眠症状的严重程度,多用于临床失眠筛查、评估失眠的治疗反应等。该量表由7个条目组成,采用5级评分,即“0=无”、“1=轻度”、“2=中度”、“3=重度”、“4=极重度”,总分范围为0~28分。在本次调查中,ISI得分≤7分为无失眠症状,得分>7分为有失眠症状。多项研究表明该量表信效度良好。本调查中,该量表的克隆巴赫α系数为0.88。
本研究纳入了一系列可能混杂休闲屏幕时间与青少年失眠之间关联的变量(表1)。人口统计学变量包括年龄、性别、居住地区、经济状况、独生子女状态、主要照顾人和父母教育水平。居住地区被分类为“城市”或“农村”。经济状况按照家庭年收入分为“高收入”或“低至中等收入”。独生子女状态基于是否有兄弟姐妹确定(“是”或“否”)。照顾者类型被分类为“双亲和其他人”或“单亲”。父母教育水平是根据所获得的最高教育程度进行定义,“小学及以下”,“高中或职业学校”,以及“大学及以上”。人体测量学指标包括从身高和体重计算得出的体质指数(BMI, kg/m2)。生活方式因素包括吸烟状态、饮酒状态、学业表现、身体健康状况、饮食习惯和体力活动水平。吸烟和饮酒是自我报告的“是”或“否”。学业表现和身体健康状况被分类为“低”、“中等”或“高”。饮食习惯包括早餐、蔬菜和水果、蛋白质摄入、含糖饮料、甜点和油炸食品,分为“从不吃”、“每周1~2次”、“每周3~4次”、“每周5~6次”和“每天吃”。体力活动水平根据每日持续时间分为低(<1 h)、中(1~2 h)和高(>2 h)。
本次研究的调查员由经验丰富的研究生担任,并进行统一培训。调查前,选取小部分人群进行预调查,及时发现并调整问卷调查过程中可能存在的问题。此外,数据录入全过程实施质量控制,确保错误率控制在0.8%以内。
数据处理与分析采用R 4.3.3统计软件进行。对呈正态分布的计量资料以()表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;计数资料以相对数构成比(%)或率(%)表示,采用χ2检验分析。本研究根据青少年每日休闲屏幕时间是否超过2 h,将其分为两组:<2 h/d为一组,≥2 h/d为另一组;进一步,将休闲屏幕时间进行四分位数划分,由低到高分为Q1组(≤0.93 h)、Q2组(>0.93 h且>1.86 h)、Q3组(>1.86 h且≤4.19 h)和Q4组(>4.19 h)。使用logistic回归模型分析青少年休闲屏幕时间与失眠的关联,其中休闲屏幕时间作为自变量,是否失眠作为因变量;模型1调整年龄、性别、地区、经济水平,模型2在模型1的基础上进一步调整是否为独生子女、主要照顾人、父母亲受教育水平、体质指数、吸烟、饮酒、自评学习成绩、健康状况、各类饮食因素及体力活动水平。基于模型2的结果,按照性别、地区、经济状况、是否独生子女以及主要照顾人进行亚组分析。检验水准设定为α=0.05。
本调查共涉及青少年13 240名。失眠症状检出率为35.3%(4 677/13 240)。有失眠症状组与无失眠症状组相比较,在年龄、性别、独生子女、主要照顾人、父母亲受教育水平、吸烟、饮酒、自评学习成绩、健康状况、饮食因素、体力活动水平等变量上存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。详见表1
在调整了所有混杂因素之后,模型2结果表明,每增加1 h的电子产品使用时间,青少年出现失眠症状的风险显著增加 (OR=1.03, 95%CI:1.01~1.04),与休闲屏幕时间<2 h相比,休闲屏幕时间超过2h(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.03~1.23)是青少年失眠症状的危险因素。对于按照四分位数分类的休闲屏幕时间,与最低得分组(Q1)相比,Q3、Q4组与失眠症状均呈显著正关联,而Q2组与失眠无显著关联。此外,随着休闲屏幕时间等级升高,失眠的发生风险越高(P趋势检验<0.001)。详见表2
休闲屏幕时间与失眠的亚组分析结果详见表3。在性别分组中,男女生休闲屏幕时间与失眠均无显著关联。在地区分组中,来自乡村的青少年休闲屏幕时间对失眠(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.07~1.35)比来自城镇的青少年休闲屏幕时间对失眠(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.02~1.37)的效应稍强。经济状况分组中,仅发现低收入家庭青少年的休闲屏幕时间与失眠显著关联(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.04~1.25)。是否独生子女分组中,仅观察到非独生子女的休闲屏幕时间与失眠显著关联。主要照顾人分组中,主要由父母或其他人照顾的青少年的休闲屏幕时间与失眠显著关联。但上述所有分组均未观察到明显交互作用(P交互作用>0.05)。
《中国儿童青少年身体活动指南》建议,儿童青少年的屏幕时间应限制在每天2 h以内[12],而随着现代信息技术高速发展,手机、电脑等带电子屏幕的产品的普及使青少年面临屏幕时间过长的问题[11],这可能导致失眠、肥胖、近视、抑郁等健康问题,影响其身心健康[14]。本研究旨在通过测量成都市郫都区13 240名青少年的失眠状况,并收集其休闲屏幕时间,探讨休闲屏幕时间与青少年失眠的关系,以为提高青少年的生活质量提供科学依据。在这项横断面研究中,我们调查了成都市郫都区青少年的休闲屏幕时间与失眠之间的关系。结果显示,成都市郫都区青少年平均每日休闲屏幕时间约3.04 h,高于南京市一项中学生调查(2.26 h/d)[20]。此外,本研究还发现,青少年平均每日视屏时长超过2 h的比例为48.2%,高于2016年国内的一项横断面研究(36.8%)。其中,男生的检出率高于女生(49.0% vs. 47.3%),与现有研究结果一致[21]
与其他使用相同量表评估同年龄段青少年失眠症状的调查相比,本研究中青少年失眠症状的发生率(35.3%)与重庆(35.9%)[22]相近,略低于上海(37.0%)[23], 这表明我国青少年失眠症状的发生率较高且存在地域差异,值得关注。关于性别对失眠症状影响的研究结果仍存在争议,大多数研究表明女生相比男生更容易出现失眠症状,这与本研究的结果一致。然而,也有研究发现失眠症状发生率无明显性别差异[23],可能与文化及种族差异对失眠症状的影响有关。
Logistic回归分析结果显示,平均每日休闲屏幕时长超过2 h是青少年失眠的危险因素,且休闲屏幕时间越长,青少年的失眠症状越严重,并且与之前对学生和年轻人的研究一致[24-25]。这可能是由于长时间使用屏幕设备会使神经系统高度兴奋,从而导致入睡困难、睡眠时间缩短和睡眠质量下降[26]。此外,屏幕设备的亮度会抑制褪黑激素的分泌,进而影响睡眠模式,使睡眠变浅并延迟[27]。另外,睡前长时间看电视或玩电子游戏,会刺激神经中枢,导致入睡潜伏期延长和入睡困难[28]
亚组分析结果显示,男生,来自乡村,来自低收入家庭,非独生子女以及主要由父母或其他人照顾的青少年,其休闲屏幕时间与失眠发生的风险更高。观察到的性别差异可能与使用模式和内容性质的差异有关[29]。低收入家庭通常面临更大的经济压力和较少的社会资源,这可能使家长缺乏足够时间精力来有效监督和引导青少年的屏幕使用行为。此外,非独生子女由于家庭成员较多,可能会因注意力分散而忽视对青少年使用电子产品的适当限制,从而增加了失眠等健康问题的风险。
本研究的优势在于采用了分层整群抽样方法,样本量较大,从而较好地反映了成都市郫都区青少年休闲屏幕时间和失眠症状的整体分布情况。然而,本研究也存在一些局限性:首先,由于研究设计为横断面研究,无法确定休闲屏幕时间与失眠之间的因果关系;其次,研究对象仅限于成都市郫都区的青少年,样本来源的地域限制可能导致结果无法全面代表全国范围内青少年的普遍情况;第三,我们的调查问卷未能收集青少年使用电子产品的具体目的信息,仅关注了总体使用时间。缺乏这方面的数据限制了我们对电子产品使用与失眠关系的深入探讨。未来研究应在调查问卷中增加关于使用目的的相关选项,以更细致地了解不同使用模式对睡眠的影响。例如,可以收集青少年在晚间、日间以及周末使用电子产品的具体目的,探讨这些差异如何影响失眠症状的发生。此外,休闲屏幕时间和失眠等参数均基于被试者的自我报告,存在一定的评估偏差。未来的研究可以考虑采用前瞻性队列研究设计,以进一步验证休闲屏幕时间对失眠的预测作用。一些青少年可能会出现就寝时间拖延,即在没有外部原因的情况下比预期晚睡[30],并在睡前使用电子媒体作为活动。另一些人则可能利用电子媒体帮助自己入睡或因为疲倦而使用。这种相互关联已有多项研究证实[31]。因此,未来的前瞻性研究应在多个时间点测量,以探讨电子媒体使用如何及何时影响儿童和青少年的睡眠。此外,同时,扩大研究范围,涵盖来自更多地区的青少年样本,有助于提高研究结果的代表性和泛化能力。例如,一项研究来自38个国家的数据,考察了主动(如电子游戏、计算机使用)和被动(如看电视)屏幕使用与失眠之间的关系[16],另一项荟萃分析表明,更具交际性的数字媒体(如智能手机和社交媒体)比更具被动性的媒体对睡眠的影响更大[32]。同时,使用客观测量工具,如可穿戴设备或睡眠监测仪,将有助于提高对休闲屏幕时间和失眠症状评估的客观性和准确性。研究表明,睡眠相关问题的事件定义和时间范围的差异,会显著影响青少年对自身睡眠问题或睡眠时长的报告[33],此外,目前尚不清楚个体是否能够准确估计他们的屏幕时间[34]。一项研究发现,人们往往高估了在社交媒体上花费的时间,却低估了他们每天访问社交媒体的次数,且重度使用者和年轻人对时间的估计通常更不准确[35]
综上所述,本研究表明,每日休闲屏幕时间超过2 h的青少年更容易出现失眠问题,并且屏幕时间越长,失眠风险越高。因此,引导青少年合理规划休闲屏幕时间,减少屏幕行为对其健康的不良影响,是促进青少年健康的重要任务。学校和家长应共同努力,特别是在夜间限制屏幕使用,以确保充足的睡眠。首先,青少年应提高自我意识,设定每日屏幕时间限制,并在临睡前1 h停止使用电子设备,以减少蓝光对睡眠质量的影响。家长在限制电子产品使用方面发挥着重要作用,需与孩子共同制定合理的使用规则,并通过开放沟通帮助他们理解使用电子产品对睡眠的潜在影响。同时,家长应鼓励孩子参与丰富的课外活动,如运动、阅读和社交,以减少对屏幕的依赖。学校也应积极开展健康生活方式的教育活动,帮助学生认识到过度使用电子产品的风险。设定“无电子产品”时间段,鼓励学生参与线下活动,从而促进面对面的社交交流。此外,社区可以组织讲座和活动,提供资源,以帮助青少年及其家庭理解合理使用电子产品的重要性。通过家庭、学校和社区的共同努力,可以为青少年创造一个更健康的生活环境,促进他们的全面成长。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(82204170)
  • 四川省科技厅创新研究群体科学基金(2024NSFTD0030)
  • 成都市郫都区儿童青少年心理健康调查项目(H230802)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408368
  • 接收时间:2024-08-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(82204170)
四川省科技厅创新研究群体科学基金(2024NSFTD0030)
成都市郫都区儿童青少年心理健康调查项目(H230802)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,营养与食品卫生学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,流行病与卫生统计学系
    3.成都市郫都区疾病预防控制中心
    4.成都市郫都区红光街道社区卫生服务中心
    5.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,健康行为与社会医学系

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刘巧兰与姜侠为共同通信作者;刘巧兰,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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