Article(id=1241022949134758022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411258, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731427200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812528164, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812528164, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812528164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812528164, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022939957621542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812525976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815469296, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1118, endPage=1124, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022949487079595, articleId=1241022949134758022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of subchronic benzo[a]pyrene toxicity on tau protein phosphorylation and mild cognitive dysfunction in HAPOE4 genotype mice, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of subchronic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) toxicity on tau protein phosphorylation and mild cognitive dysfunction in HAPOE4 mice.

Methods

24 male C57BL/6 wild-type and HAPOE4 mice were used in this study, 12 of each type. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle group (olive oil), low-dose BaP-treated group (2.5 mg/kg), and high-dose BaP-treated group (6.25 mg/kg), with 8 mice in each group. The mice were injected with BaP via the peritoneal cavity and weighed before and after injection. The exposure period was 90 days. The Morris water maze test was used to detect the mice’s learning and memory abilities, the tail suspension test was used to detect the mice’s depressive state, the silver glycinate dip staining was used to observe the neurofibrillary tangles in mouse brain tissue sections, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of APOE, LRP1, tau, p-tau (Ser199), and p-tau (Ser396) in the hippocampus of the mice. ANOVA was used for the comparison of the above count data, the two-sample t-test was used for the comparison between genotypes, and the factorial analysis method was used to verify the interaction between the treatment and genotype.

Results

The results of the water maze behavior experiment: the results of the positioning navigation experiment: the escape latency length of each group decreased with the increase of training days, and the escape latency of HAPOE4 mice with the same dose of poison was higher than that of WT type. There were differences in escape latency between groups on the 4th and 5th days. Both genotype and toxicity could lead to a decrease in the number of crossings of the platform and the residence time in the target quadrant, but there was no significant interaction between genotype and toxicity. The results of tail suspension experiment: genotype and poisoning had an interactive effect on the immobility time of mice, and both of them would lead to an increase in the immobility time of mice. The results of silver glycinate dipping experiment: both genotype and poisoning would cause the dyeing to deepen and increase in mice. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that genotype and poisoning had an interactive effect on the MOD values of APOE, LRP1, tau, p-tau (ser199) and p-tau (ser396), and all of them led to an increase in MOD values.

Conclusion

BaP and APOE4 genes affected spatial learning and memory ability and depression in mice, and BaP and APOE4 genes interacted with the immobility time of tail suspension experiments, indicating that the combined effect of BaP and APOE4 genes may have an effect on the depressed state of mice; and BaP and APOE4 genes interacted with abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein in mice, indicating that subchronicBaP infection could lead to tau protein phosphorylation and mild cognitive dysfunction in mice with HAPOE4 genotype, which may be caused by the combined effect of BaP and APOE4 genes resulting in the increase of APOE and LRP1 in mice.

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目的

探讨亚慢性苯并[a]芘(benzo[a]pyrene, BaP)染毒对HAPOE4基因型小鼠tau蛋白磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍的影响。

方法

野生型和转人APOE4基因型(HAPOE4)的C57BL/6雄性小鼠各24只,每种类型小鼠随机分为溶剂组(等体积比橄榄油)、BaP染毒低剂量组(2.5 mg/kg)、BaP染毒高剂量组(6.25 mg/kg),每组8只。染毒方式为腹腔注射,隔天称重后染毒,染毒周期为90 d。采用Morris水迷宫试验检测小鼠学习记忆能力;采用悬尾实验检测小鼠抑郁状态;采用甘氨酸银浸染色法观察小鼠脑组织切片中神经原纤维缠结情况;采用免疫组织化学法检测小鼠海马组织中APOE、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(LDL receptor-related protein 1, LRP1)、tau、p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)的表达情况。以上计数资料染毒处理比较时均使用方差分析方法,基因型之间比较时均使用两样本t检验方法,验证染毒处理与基因型之间交互作用时均使用析因分析方法。

结果

水迷宫行为学实验结果:定位航行实验结果:各组逃避潜伏期时长随着训练天数增加而下降,且同一染毒剂量HAPOE4型小鼠逃避潜伏期高于WT型。第4、5天组间逃避潜伏期有差异;APOE4基因与染毒均会导致小鼠穿越平台次数与目标象限停留时间下降,但APOE4基因与染毒之间交互作用无统计学意义。悬尾实验结果:APOE4基因与染毒对小鼠静止不动时间有交互作用且均会导致小鼠静止不动时间增加。甘氨酸银浸镀实验结果:APOE4基因与染毒均会导致小鼠染色加深变多。免疫组织化学结果显示:APOE4基因与染毒对APOE、LRP1、tau、p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)的MOD值有交互作用且均会导致平均光密度值(Mean optical density, MOD)值升高。

结论

BaP和APOE4基因影响小鼠空间学习记忆能力与抑郁状态,BaP和APOE4基因对小鼠悬尾实验静止不动时间存在交互作用,表明BaP和APOE4基因联合作用可能对小鼠抑郁状态有影响;BaP和APOE4基因对小鼠APOE、LRP1及tau蛋白异常磷酸化存在交互作用,表明BaP亚慢性染毒会导致HAPOE4基因型小鼠tau蛋白磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍,其原因可能是BaP与APOE4基因联合作用导致小鼠APOE和LRP1升高所致。

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聂继盛,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=omo46hx/BO6CvbSvF3U+Rw==, magXml=eHPvG8mJmC8ym9CXcBQxdw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BOC7OvpuDREJE12a3kFXCQ==, pdfFileSize=2117480, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=f3sATy798gxA06Z8blfltw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=D5KrQuIdoEB9QZU/QDKxxA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

高旭涛(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:化学物的神经毒性

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高旭涛(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:化学物的神经毒性

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注:*:与同基因型小鼠0 mg/kg组相比具有统计学意义;**:与同基因型小鼠2.5 mg/kg组相比具有统计学意义;#:与同等剂量染毒处理WT基因型小鼠相比具有统计学意义;下同。

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Changes in body weight of mice before and after exposure of mice(n=8)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因型及染毒剂量(mg/kg)染毒前(g)染毒后(g)
WT+024.38±0.6332.07±0.89
WT+2.524.67±0.6531.85±0.78
WT+6.2524.12±0.5132.08±0.80
HAPOE4+024.02±0.5131.21±0.89
HAPOE4+2.524.61±0.4631.17±0.80
HAPOE4+6.2524.70±0.5731.63±1.0
F2.2191.765
P0.0700.141
), ArticleFig(id=1241022962271318906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022949134758022, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

小鼠染毒前后体重变化(n=8)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因型及染毒剂量(mg/kg)染毒前(g)染毒后(g)
WT+024.38±0.6332.07±0.89
WT+2.524.67±0.6531.85±0.78
WT+6.2524.12±0.5132.08±0.80
HAPOE4+024.02±0.5131.21±0.89
HAPOE4+2.524.61±0.4631.17±0.80
HAPOE4+6.2524.70±0.5731.63±1.0
F2.2191.765
P0.0700.141
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亚慢性苯并 [ a ] 芘染毒对转人载脂蛋白E4基因小鼠tau蛋白磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍的影响
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高旭涛 , 时婧雅 , 王思宇 , 聂继盛
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(6): 1118-1124
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(6): 1118-1124
亚慢性苯并 [ a ] 芘染毒对转人载脂蛋白E4基因小鼠tau蛋白磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍的影响
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高旭涛, 时婧雅, 王思宇, 聂继盛
作者信息
  • 山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西 太原 030001
  • 高旭涛(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:化学物的神经毒性

通讯作者:

聂继盛,E-mail:
Effects of subchronic benzo[a]pyrene toxicity on tau protein phosphorylation and mild cognitive dysfunction in HAPOE4 genotype mice
Xu-tao GAO, Jing-ya SHI, Si-yu WANG, Ji-sheng NIE
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411258
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目的

探讨亚慢性苯并[a]芘(benzo[a]pyrene, BaP)染毒对HAPOE4基因型小鼠tau蛋白磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍的影响。

方法

野生型和转人APOE4基因型(HAPOE4)的C57BL/6雄性小鼠各24只,每种类型小鼠随机分为溶剂组(等体积比橄榄油)、BaP染毒低剂量组(2.5 mg/kg)、BaP染毒高剂量组(6.25 mg/kg),每组8只。染毒方式为腹腔注射,隔天称重后染毒,染毒周期为90 d。采用Morris水迷宫试验检测小鼠学习记忆能力;采用悬尾实验检测小鼠抑郁状态;采用甘氨酸银浸染色法观察小鼠脑组织切片中神经原纤维缠结情况;采用免疫组织化学法检测小鼠海马组织中APOE、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(LDL receptor-related protein 1, LRP1)、tau、p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)的表达情况。以上计数资料染毒处理比较时均使用方差分析方法,基因型之间比较时均使用两样本t检验方法,验证染毒处理与基因型之间交互作用时均使用析因分析方法。

结果

水迷宫行为学实验结果:定位航行实验结果:各组逃避潜伏期时长随着训练天数增加而下降,且同一染毒剂量HAPOE4型小鼠逃避潜伏期高于WT型。第4、5天组间逃避潜伏期有差异;APOE4基因与染毒均会导致小鼠穿越平台次数与目标象限停留时间下降,但APOE4基因与染毒之间交互作用无统计学意义。悬尾实验结果:APOE4基因与染毒对小鼠静止不动时间有交互作用且均会导致小鼠静止不动时间增加。甘氨酸银浸镀实验结果:APOE4基因与染毒均会导致小鼠染色加深变多。免疫组织化学结果显示:APOE4基因与染毒对APOE、LRP1、tau、p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)的MOD值有交互作用且均会导致平均光密度值(Mean optical density, MOD)值升高。

结论

BaP和APOE4基因影响小鼠空间学习记忆能力与抑郁状态,BaP和APOE4基因对小鼠悬尾实验静止不动时间存在交互作用,表明BaP和APOE4基因联合作用可能对小鼠抑郁状态有影响;BaP和APOE4基因对小鼠APOE、LRP1及tau蛋白异常磷酸化存在交互作用,表明BaP亚慢性染毒会导致HAPOE4基因型小鼠tau蛋白磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍,其原因可能是BaP与APOE4基因联合作用导致小鼠APOE和LRP1升高所致。

BaP  /  APOE4基因  /  LRP1  /  tau蛋白磷酸化  /  轻度认知功能障碍
Objective

To investigate the effect of subchronic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) toxicity on tau protein phosphorylation and mild cognitive dysfunction in HAPOE4 mice.

Methods

24 male C57BL/6 wild-type and HAPOE4 mice were used in this study, 12 of each type. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle group (olive oil), low-dose BaP-treated group (2.5 mg/kg), and high-dose BaP-treated group (6.25 mg/kg), with 8 mice in each group. The mice were injected with BaP via the peritoneal cavity and weighed before and after injection. The exposure period was 90 days. The Morris water maze test was used to detect the mice’s learning and memory abilities, the tail suspension test was used to detect the mice’s depressive state, the silver glycinate dip staining was used to observe the neurofibrillary tangles in mouse brain tissue sections, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of APOE, LRP1, tau, p-tau (Ser199), and p-tau (Ser396) in the hippocampus of the mice. ANOVA was used for the comparison of the above count data, the two-sample t-test was used for the comparison between genotypes, and the factorial analysis method was used to verify the interaction between the treatment and genotype.

Results

The results of the water maze behavior experiment: the results of the positioning navigation experiment: the escape latency length of each group decreased with the increase of training days, and the escape latency of HAPOE4 mice with the same dose of poison was higher than that of WT type. There were differences in escape latency between groups on the 4th and 5th days. Both genotype and toxicity could lead to a decrease in the number of crossings of the platform and the residence time in the target quadrant, but there was no significant interaction between genotype and toxicity. The results of tail suspension experiment: genotype and poisoning had an interactive effect on the immobility time of mice, and both of them would lead to an increase in the immobility time of mice. The results of silver glycinate dipping experiment: both genotype and poisoning would cause the dyeing to deepen and increase in mice. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that genotype and poisoning had an interactive effect on the MOD values of APOE, LRP1, tau, p-tau (ser199) and p-tau (ser396), and all of them led to an increase in MOD values.

Conclusion

BaP and APOE4 genes affected spatial learning and memory ability and depression in mice, and BaP and APOE4 genes interacted with the immobility time of tail suspension experiments, indicating that the combined effect of BaP and APOE4 genes may have an effect on the depressed state of mice; and BaP and APOE4 genes interacted with abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein in mice, indicating that subchronicBaP infection could lead to tau protein phosphorylation and mild cognitive dysfunction in mice with HAPOE4 genotype, which may be caused by the combined effect of BaP and APOE4 genes resulting in the increase of APOE and LRP1 in mice.

BaP  /  APOE4  /  LRP1  /  Tau phosphorylation  /  MCI
高旭涛, 时婧雅, 王思宇, 聂继盛. 亚慢性苯并 [ a ] 芘染毒对转人载脂蛋白E4基因小鼠tau蛋白磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍的影响. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1118 -1124 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411258
Xu-tao GAO, Jing-ya SHI, Si-yu WANG, Ji-sheng NIE. Effects of subchronic benzo[a]pyrene toxicity on tau protein phosphorylation and mild cognitive dysfunction in HAPOE4 genotype mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1118 -1124 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411258
多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)是有机物不完全燃烧产生的一类污染物,被怀疑是神经毒性物质[1]。几项临床研究表明PAHs与儿童神经发育障碍有关,并报告了PAHs暴露与神经心理症状(如焦虑、抑郁和注意力缺陷)风险之间的正相关性[2]。苯并[a]芘(benzo[a]pyrene, BaP)是多环芳烃家族的代表物质,可通过食物、饮水和空气进入到人体内[3]。近年来,越来越多的人类和动物研究报告BaP暴露可引起神经毒性[4],本课题组前期研究发现BaP暴露会导致小鼠轻度认知功能障碍、tau蛋白异常磷酸化[5]。然而,BaP诱导轻度认知功能障碍的确切机制仍不清楚。
载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,APOE)基因多态性是晚发型阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer disease,AD)的一个主要遗传危险因素,与常见的APOE3等位基因相比,APOE4等位基因增加了AD的发病风险[6]。tau蛋白是一种微管相关蛋白质,在正常神经元的成熟、脑组织的发育及学习和神经元可塑性方面发挥着重要作用[7]。在正常的成年脑组织中,tau蛋白极少被磷酸化;但在神经退行性疾病中,tau蛋白处于非正常的磷酸化状态[8]。最新研究发现APOE4增强tau介导的神经变性并引起小胶质细胞的突触吞噬作用[9]
低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, LRP1)在脑的不同区域高度表达,并作为APOE的主要受体发挥作用[10]。研究发现应激诱导海马LRP1可通过激活Akt信号通路,促进突触可塑性,增加微管动力学,导致tau蛋白磷酸化增加 [11]。越来越多的证据表明,APOE影响tau病理学、tau介导的神经变性和小胶质细胞对AD相关病理学的反应[12-13]
目前尚无关于BaP是否参与APOE致tau蛋白异常磷酸化的报道。本研究通过对WT型小鼠和HAPOE4基因型小鼠进行BaP亚慢性染毒,探究亚慢性BaP染毒对于HAPOE4基因型小鼠tau蛋白异常磷酸化及轻度认知功能障碍的影响。
选用成年C57BL/6雄性小鼠,一类为通过同源重组,将小鼠APOE基因进行人源化修饰的小鼠(Cat. NO. NM-HU-190002,HAPOE4),从上海南方模式生物有限公司购得;二类为WT型C57BL/6小鼠,购自(斯贝福,北京)。每类型小鼠随机分为溶剂组、低剂量染毒组和高剂量染毒组,每组8只。小鼠体重为(24±2)g,饲养于光暗循环的标准清洁动物房,温度为(22 ± 2)℃,饮水饮食自由,用标准化饲料喂养(购自斯贝福,北京)。实验过程遵循国际兽医学编辑协会《关于动物伦理与福利的作者指南共识》(动物伦理审查编号:2020GLL037)。
小鼠适应性饲养一周后,隔天腹腔注射染毒,染毒剂量为低剂量组2.5 mg/kg、高剂量组6.25 mg/kg,隔天称量体重后染毒,溶剂组注射同体积比的橄榄油,染毒周期为90天。
实验在高45 cm、直径100 cm的圆形水池中进行。将水池依据内壁的标识分为4个象限,于目标象限的中间位置水面下0.5~1 cm处放置平台。前5天进行定位航行训练。第6天撤离水池中平台后记录小鼠穿越平台次数以及目标象限停留时间。
实验在一个尺寸为50 cm×50 cm×60 cm的透明实验箱中进行,确保箱内无其他干扰因素。将小鼠尾巴固定于悬尾支架上,头部朝下,与悬尾箱底面保持约30 cm的距离。实验开始时,连续录制6 min的视频,观察并记录小鼠后4 min内的不动时间,以评估其行为状态。
为了检测小鼠脑组织中神经元纤维缠结,在将小鼠处死后立即将脑组织在4%多聚甲醛中固定,然后将样品石蜡包埋并切成5 μm厚的切片。根据甘氨酸银染色试剂盒(Servicebio,中国)的说明书对脱蜡和再水化的切片进行染色。最后进行小鼠脑组织海马区域显微镜镜检以及图像采集。
一抗抗体动物种属均为兔,二抗抗体为辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔IgG(购自华安生物),将小鼠处死后立即将脑组织在4%多聚甲醛中固定,并进行贯状面切片,组织石蜡切片;烤片;过缸;水化;抗原修复;3%H2O2室温孵育30 min;用组化笔画圈阻水;封闭;孵一抗;孵二抗;DAB显色;苏木素复染;1%盐酸酒精分化1~3 s,自来水冲洗后用PBS返蓝,再用自来水冲洗;过缸;脱水;中性树胶加封盖玻片,晾干后镜下观察并拍照。用imagej软件分析图像得到累计光密度值(Integrated optiondensity,IOD)与阳性面积值(Area),将IOD值与Area值相比得出平均光密度(mean density,MOD)作为结果。
所有的计量资料以表示,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。组间比较采用析因设计的方差分析,检验水准α=0.05。
染毒期间各组小鼠正常饮水、进食,精神状态、活动度无明显差异,体重均正常增长。染毒前后各组小鼠体重变化差异均无统计学意义(F=2.219,P=0.070;F=1.765,P=0.141)。(见表1
逃避潜伏期结果(秒,s):随着训练天数增加,各组逃避潜伏期时长下降。训练第3、4、5天,方差分析结果显示各基因型小鼠组内差异有统计学意义。(见图1
目标象限停留时间结果(秒,s):同一基因型组内小鼠目标象限停留时间均随染毒剂量增加而增加且差异有统计学意义。(见图2
穿越平台次数结果:同一基因型组内小鼠穿越平台次数均随染毒剂量增加而增加且差异有统计学意义,2.5 mg/kg染毒处理HAPOE4型小鼠穿越平台次数低于同处理WT型小鼠且差异有统计学意义。(见图2
结果显示染毒和APOE4基因均会导致小鼠静止不动时间增加且差异具有统计学意义。基因型与染毒处理之间有交互作用。(见图3
甘氨酸银浸镀实验结果显示,镜下可观察到小鼠脑组织神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles, NFTs)和部分树突被染成了黑色(见图4)。通过观察各组小鼠海马区染色情况发现,染毒或APOE4基因均会导致小鼠染色明显加深增多。
APOE、LRP1免疫组织化学结果(见图5),同基因型小鼠平均光密度(Mean optical density, MOD)值随染毒剂量增加而增加,差异具有统计学意义,同染毒处理时HAPOE4型小鼠MOD值高于WT型小鼠,差异具有统计学意义,基因型与染毒之间有交互作用。(见图6
Tau、p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)免疫组织化学结果(见图7),同基因型小鼠MOD值随染毒剂量增加而增加,差异具有统计学意义,同染毒处理时HAPOE4型小鼠MOD值高于WT型小鼠,差异具有统计学意义,p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)基因型与染毒之间有交互作用。(见图8
BaP作为多环芳烃家族的代表性物质,在焦炉工业等行业中均有大量排放[14]。然而,已有研究证实BaP具有神经毒性。BaP与多种神经退行性疾病有关[15]。APOE4是AD的高度风险因素,与常见的APOE2/3等位基因相比,APOE4等位基因增加了AD的发病风险[16]。本次实验结果显示,经过三个月的BaP亚慢性染毒处理,WT型与HAPOE4型小鼠的学习记忆能力及抑郁状态均受到影响,并且这种影响具有一定剂量与基因型依赖性。具体表现为,随着染毒剂量的升高,小鼠的学习记忆能力进一步下降,抑郁状态进一步加重,并且HAPOE4型小鼠学习记忆能力下降与抑郁状态均更为严重。人群暴露BaP一般方式为口鼻吸入,本次实验采用腹腔注射方式染毒且染毒剂量不够全面,结论类推到人时存在一定局限性。
APOE在大脑神经胶质-神经元交流中起着至关重要的作用,主要负责将胆固醇为主的脂质从神经胶质细胞转运至神经元中[17],再经由神经元表面的LRP1等关键受体转运至神经元胞内并参与相关生理活动[18]。APOE4与APOE3载体构成的不同是导致Aβ沉积以及tau蛋白异常磷酸化的关键因素[19]。LRP1在脑的不同区域高度表达,并作为APOE的主要受体发挥作用[20]。研究表明,LRP1可能通过抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B, Akt)信号通路从而激活介导tau磷酸化的糖原合成酶激酶-3(glycogen synthase kinase 3β, GSK-3β)通路并最终促使tau蛋白异常磷酸化[11]。本次研究结果提示随着染毒剂量的增加,小鼠海马区APOE与LRP1均表达增加,并且HAPOE4型小鼠表达量更高,且染毒与基因型之间均具有交互作用,这提示BaP发挥毒性作用的过程中很可能参与调控了APOE基因的转录表达等过程,有待进一步实验证明。
tau蛋白过度磷酸化是多种神经退行性疾病的共同病理表现和标志,多种神经毒物都可引起tau蛋白磷酸化水平升高[21]。p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)均是tau蛋白磷酸化的典型位点[22],本次研究结果提示随着染毒剂量增加,小鼠海马区tau、p-tau(ser199)、p-tau(ser396)均表达增加,并且HAPOE4型小鼠表达量更高,且染毒与基因型之间均具有交互作用,这提示BaP与HAPOE4基因型都促进了小鼠tau蛋白异常磷酸化的发生,交互作用的存在提示二者之间可能具有某种相互调控关系。免疫组织化学结果分析时可能因选取区域不同而造成主观差异,存在一定局限性。
神经原纤维缠结(NFTs)是指AD患者大脑皮质细胞的一种病理变化,出现NFTs提示神经退行性变处于较晚期状态[23-24]。甘氨酸银浸染色结果提示随着染毒剂量的增加,小鼠海马区染色明显变深变多,且HAPOE4型小鼠更为明显,提示出现了NFTs,模型出现了晚期神经退行性变的典型病理改变。但本次实验仅用染色程度作为评判标准,存在局限性,应考虑在下一步设计中引入定量或半定量分析方法。
综上所述,亚慢性BaP染毒会促使WT型与HAPOE4型小鼠tau蛋白异常磷酸化、进一步形成NFTs,最终导致小鼠出现学习记忆能力下降、抑郁状态等轻度认知功能障碍典型症状。本研究结果提示,在BaP亚慢性染毒与APOE4基因联合作用下,最终可造成小鼠轻度认知功能障碍,这提示BaP进入生物体内后可能通过某些途径参与了APOE的相关调控转录等过程并上调APOE与LRP1表达,进一步使小鼠出现tau蛋白异常磷酸化等病理改变,最终导致小鼠出现轻度认知功能障碍。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(8207121724)
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2025年第52卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411258
  • 接收时间:2024-11-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(8207121724)
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    山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西 太原 030001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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