Article(id=1241022943942210384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728316800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812526926, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812526926, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812526926, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812526926, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022939957621542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812525976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815469296, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1037, endPage=1043, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022944206451553, articleId=1241022943942210384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigation on knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) of meal replacement food among college students in Hainan Province, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the status of knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) of meal replacement food among college students in Hainan Province.

Methods

From April 2023 to February 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2,451 college students from three universities in Hainan Province for a questionnaire survey. The knowledge and attitude levels of students with different characteristics were analyzed by T-test or ANOVA, and multiple response analysis was used for multiple choice questions in practice.

Results

Knowledge of meal replacement food scored (5.67±2.26) (51.5%), attitude (10.85±4.28) (60.3%). 77.7% of university students wanted to continue consuming and try meal replacement food. And 73.5% of students accepted meal replacement food at a price of ‘≤15 RMB/meal’. The college students were mainly concerned about the nutritional balance (21.1%) and safety (19.2%) of the products. Their preferred product types were mainly meal-replacement biscuits (19.2%) and meal-replacement shakes (18.7%). The key considerations for purchasing meal replacement food were brand awareness of the product (18.7%) and price (16.5%). The channels for learning about meal replacement food were mainly the Internet or self-media (36.3%), and purchasing them was mainly from online shopping malls or supermarkets (32.0%).

Conclusion

College students in Hainan Province have a low level of knowledge about meal replacement food but have a positive attitude. They have a high willingness to consume meal replacement food. When shopping, the main factors they consider are the nutritional balance and safety of the product, brand awareness and price. They mainly obtain information about meal replacement food and purchase it online.

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目的

了解海南省大学生代餐食品知识、态度及行为现况。

方法

2023年4月至2024年2月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取海南省三所高校2 451名大学生进行问卷调查。不同特征学生的知识、态度水平采用t检验或方差分析,行为中的多选题采用多重响应分析。

结果

知识水平得(5.67±2.26)分(得分率51.5%),态度得(10.85±4.28)分(得分率60.3%)。想继续食用和想尝试代餐食品的学生占77.7%,73.5%的学生接受“≤15元/餐”的价格。大学生主要关注产品的营养均衡性(21.1%)和安全性(19.2%);喜欢的产品类型主要有代餐饼干(19.2%)和代餐奶昔(18.7%);购买代餐食品重点考虑因素为产品的品牌知名度(18.7%)和价格(16.5%)。了解代餐食品的渠道主要是互联网或自媒体(36.3%),购买途径主要是线上商场/超市(32.0%)。

结论

海南省大学生代餐食品知识水平偏低,但态度较积极;消费代餐食品的意愿很高,选购时,主要考虑的因素是产品的营养均衡性和安全性、品牌知名度和价格等;主要通过网络平台获取代餐食品信息和购买代餐食品。

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冯棋琴和何海为共同通信作者。冯棋琴,E-mail:
何海,E-mail:
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李硕林(2002—),女,本科,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学

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Analysis on the daily consumption situation of college students[J]. Economig Rfsearch Cuide, 2023, (14): 130-132. 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Research on network consumption of college students[J]. Journal of Guangxi College of Education, 2024, 39(3): 32-38. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on network consumption of college students, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241022954297946597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, awardId=S202211810024, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省大学生创新创业项目(S202211810024), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241022955715621356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, awardId=824MS066, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金面上项目(824MS066), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241022955858227701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, awardId=82304137, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82304137), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022947045995474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022947272487897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, companyId=1241022947045995474, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, Hainan 571199, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022947285070812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, companyId=1241022947045995474, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南医科大学(海南省医学科学院) 公共卫生学院,海南 海口 571199)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241022947406705637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022947440260072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, companyId=1241022947406705637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省石家庄市鹿泉区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241022952272097564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Willingness to consume meal replacement food, figureFileSmall=SMmCN7/IBB22tNKUEyKmkQ==, figureFileBig=ziyrBXi9m/f/QFjIly2H9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022952389538090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=CN, label=图1, caption=代餐食品食用意愿, figureFileSmall=SMmCN7/IBB22tNKUEyKmkQ==, figureFileBig=ziyrBXi9m/f/QFjIly2H9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022952767025487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Price acceptance of meal replacement food, figureFileSmall=MukTf4qqRnB5n2GJQpXveg==, figureFileBig=Mpp6YtVwZwfVMfbW4RYZFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022952888660312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=CN, label=图2, caption=代餐食品价格接受度, figureFileSmall=MukTf4qqRnB5n2GJQpXveg==, figureFileBig=Mpp6YtVwZwfVMfbW4RYZFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022953043849576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Knowledge score on meal replacement food among university students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类n得分t/FP
性别9515.37±2.33-5.311<0.001
1 2705.88±2.18
营养状况1消瘦4155.66±2.370.7930.453
正常1 4035.63±2.28
超重/肥胖4035.79±2.09
年级2大一5165.10±2.47a18.213<0.001
大二5135.56±2.28b
大三6195.91±2.18c
大四及以上5736.00±2.26c
专业医学类和食品/营养类专业8946.21±2.25
非医学类专业1 3275.30±2.209.470<0.001
生源地市级城市7865.74±2.301.7460.175
县级城市7365.70±2.22
农村6995.54±2.27
生活费(元)<1 0001615.35±2.481.8670.133
1 000~1 5009055.77±2.37
1 501~2 0007755.60±2.15
>2 0003805.67±2.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953140318581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大学生代餐食品知识得分情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类n得分t/FP
性别9515.37±2.33-5.311<0.001
1 2705.88±2.18
营养状况1消瘦4155.66±2.370.7930.453
正常1 4035.63±2.28
超重/肥胖4035.79±2.09
年级2大一5165.10±2.47a18.213<0.001
大二5135.56±2.28b
大三6195.91±2.18c
大四及以上5736.00±2.26c
专业医学类和食品/营养类专业8946.21±2.25
非医学类专业1 3275.30±2.209.470<0.001
生源地市级城市7865.74±2.301.7460.175
县级城市7365.70±2.22
农村6995.54±2.27
生活费(元)<1 0001615.35±2.481.8670.133
1 000~1 5009055.77±2.37
1 501~2 0007755.60±2.15
>2 0003805.67±2.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953249370496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Attitude score on meal replacement food among university students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类n得分t/FP
性别95110.08±4.80-7.365<0.001
1 27011.42±3.75-7.365<0.001
营养状况1,2消瘦4159.38±4.43a40.475<0.001
正常1 40310.95±4.20b
超重/肥胖40312.00±4.00c
年级2大一51610.10±2.47a27.598<0.001
大二5139.86±4.58a
大三61911.44±3.99b
大四及以上57311.75±3.69b
专业医学类和食品/营养类专业89411.05±4.181.8900.059
非医学类专业1 32710.70±4.35
生源地2市级城市78611.05±4.23a9.404<0.001
县级城市73611.17±4.31a
农村69910.27±4.26b
生活费2(元)<1 0001619.79±5.09a7.004<0.001
1 000~1 50090510.59±4.09b
1 501~2 00077511.24±4.19c
>2 00038011.09±4.44bc
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953350033801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大学生代餐食品态度得分情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类n得分t/FP
性别95110.08±4.80-7.365<0.001
1 27011.42±3.75-7.365<0.001
营养状况1,2消瘦4159.38±4.43a40.475<0.001
正常1 40310.95±4.20b
超重/肥胖40312.00±4.00c
年级2大一51610.10±2.47a27.598<0.001
大二5139.86±4.58a
大三61911.44±3.99b
大四及以上57311.75±3.69b
专业医学类和食品/营养类专业89411.05±4.181.8900.059
非医学类专业1 32710.70±4.35
生源地2市级城市78611.05±4.23a9.404<0.001
县级城市73611.17±4.31a
农村69910.27±4.26b
生活费2(元)<1 0001619.79±5.09a7.004<0.001
1 000~1 50090510.59±4.09b
1 501~2 00077511.24±4.19c
>2 00038011.09±4.44bc
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953454891411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Performance and type of meal replacement food preferred among university students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别组别响应率普及率(%)
n百分比(%)
性能需求营养均衡性1 62721.173.3
安全性1 48119.266.7
效果显著性1 23015.955.4
食用便捷性1 01713.245.8
饱腹感1 17715.253.0
口味1 18915.453.6
汇总7 721100.0347.9
拟合优度检验(χ2=195.121,P<0.001)
类型需求代餐粉99616.245.0
代餐棒93915.342.4
代餐奶昔1 14618.751.8
代餐果冻84913.838.4
代餐粥1 02516.746.3
代餐饼干1 17619.253.1
汇总6 131100.0277.0
拟合优度检验(χ2=74.958,P<0.001)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953572331937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大学生代餐食品性能及类型需求情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别组别响应率普及率(%)
n百分比(%)
性能需求营养均衡性1 62721.173.3
安全性1 48119.266.7
效果显著性1 23015.955.4
食用便捷性1 01713.245.8
饱腹感1 17715.253.0
口味1 18915.453.6
汇总7 721100.0347.9
拟合优度检验(χ2=195.121,P<0.001)
类型需求代餐粉99616.245.0
代餐棒93915.342.4
代餐奶昔1 14618.751.8
代餐果冻84913.838.4
代餐粥1 02516.746.3
代餐饼干1 17619.253.1
汇总6 131100.0277.0
拟合优度检验(χ2=74.958,P<0.001)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953672995242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Factors considered by university students when purchasing meal replacement food

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别响应率普及率(%)
n百分比(%)
品牌知名度1 51118.768.1
广告宣传81010.036.5
包装新颖度6888.531.0
价格1 33116.560.0
明星/网红代言5877.326.5
销量1 15714.352.2
用户评价1 13414.151.1
售后85310.638.5
汇总8 071100.0363.9
拟合优度检验(χ2=731.784,P<0.001)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953773658547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

大学生购买代餐食品时考虑因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别响应率普及率(%)
n百分比(%)
品牌知名度1 51118.768.1
广告宣传81010.036.5
包装新颖度6888.531.0
价格1 33116.560.0
明星/网红代言5877.326.5
销量1 15714.352.2
用户评价1 13414.151.1
售后85310.638.5
汇总8 071100.0363.9
拟合优度检验(χ2=731.784,P<0.001)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953882710466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Channels for university students to learn about meal replacement food

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别组别响应率普及率(%)
n百分比(%)
了解渠道联网或自媒体1 75636.379.5
健身房或健身教练77416.035.0
营养师或健康管理师或医生76215.834.5
同学或朋友1 05921.947.9
家人48510.022.0
汇总4 836100.0218.9
拟合优度检验(χ2=974.548,P<0.001)
购买途径线上商场/超市1 63232.073.5
线下商场/超市1 35926.661.2
专卖店1 00619.745.3
健身房5009.822.5
微商平台60511.927.2
汇总5 102100.0229.7
拟合优度检验(χ2=913.647,P<0.001)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022954054676946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943942210384, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

大学生代餐食品了解渠道

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别组别响应率普及率(%)
n百分比(%)
了解渠道联网或自媒体1 75636.379.5
健身房或健身教练77416.035.0
营养师或健康管理师或医生76215.834.5
同学或朋友1 05921.947.9
家人48510.022.0
汇总4 836100.0218.9
拟合优度检验(χ2=974.548,P<0.001)
购买途径线上商场/超市1 63232.073.5
线下商场/超市1 35926.661.2
专卖店1 00619.745.3
健身房5009.822.5
微商平台60511.927.2
汇总5 102100.0229.7
拟合优度检验(χ2=913.647,P<0.001)
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海南省大学生代餐食品知信行调查分析
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李硕林 1, 2 , 崔汉辰 1 , 陈振南 1 , 刘青林 1 , 何海 1 , 冯棋琴 1
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(6): 1037-1043
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(6): 1037-1043
海南省大学生代餐食品知信行调查分析
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李硕林1, 2, 崔汉辰1, 陈振南1, 刘青林1, 何海1 , 冯棋琴1
作者信息
  • 1.海南医科大学(海南省医学科学院) 公共卫生学院,海南 海口 571199
  • 2.河北省石家庄市鹿泉区疾病预防控制中心
  • 李硕林(2002—),女,本科,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学

通讯作者:

冯棋琴和何海为共同通信作者。冯棋琴,E-mail:
何海,E-mail:
Investigation on knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) of meal replacement food among college students in Hainan Province
Shuo-lin LI1, 2, Han-chen CUI1, Zhen-nan CHEN1, Qing-lin LIU1, Hai HE1 , Qi-qin FENG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410029
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目的

了解海南省大学生代餐食品知识、态度及行为现况。

方法

2023年4月至2024年2月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取海南省三所高校2 451名大学生进行问卷调查。不同特征学生的知识、态度水平采用t检验或方差分析,行为中的多选题采用多重响应分析。

结果

知识水平得(5.67±2.26)分(得分率51.5%),态度得(10.85±4.28)分(得分率60.3%)。想继续食用和想尝试代餐食品的学生占77.7%,73.5%的学生接受“≤15元/餐”的价格。大学生主要关注产品的营养均衡性(21.1%)和安全性(19.2%);喜欢的产品类型主要有代餐饼干(19.2%)和代餐奶昔(18.7%);购买代餐食品重点考虑因素为产品的品牌知名度(18.7%)和价格(16.5%)。了解代餐食品的渠道主要是互联网或自媒体(36.3%),购买途径主要是线上商场/超市(32.0%)。

结论

海南省大学生代餐食品知识水平偏低,但态度较积极;消费代餐食品的意愿很高,选购时,主要考虑的因素是产品的营养均衡性和安全性、品牌知名度和价格等;主要通过网络平台获取代餐食品信息和购买代餐食品。

大学生  /  代餐食品  /  知识  /  态度  /  行为
Objective

To understand the status of knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) of meal replacement food among college students in Hainan Province.

Methods

From April 2023 to February 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2,451 college students from three universities in Hainan Province for a questionnaire survey. The knowledge and attitude levels of students with different characteristics were analyzed by T-test or ANOVA, and multiple response analysis was used for multiple choice questions in practice.

Results

Knowledge of meal replacement food scored (5.67±2.26) (51.5%), attitude (10.85±4.28) (60.3%). 77.7% of university students wanted to continue consuming and try meal replacement food. And 73.5% of students accepted meal replacement food at a price of ‘≤15 RMB/meal’. The college students were mainly concerned about the nutritional balance (21.1%) and safety (19.2%) of the products. Their preferred product types were mainly meal-replacement biscuits (19.2%) and meal-replacement shakes (18.7%). The key considerations for purchasing meal replacement food were brand awareness of the product (18.7%) and price (16.5%). The channels for learning about meal replacement food were mainly the Internet or self-media (36.3%), and purchasing them was mainly from online shopping malls or supermarkets (32.0%).

Conclusion

College students in Hainan Province have a low level of knowledge about meal replacement food but have a positive attitude. They have a high willingness to consume meal replacement food. When shopping, the main factors they consider are the nutritional balance and safety of the product, brand awareness and price. They mainly obtain information about meal replacement food and purchase it online.

College students  /  Meal replacement food  /  Knowledge  /  Attitude  /  Practice
李硕林, 崔汉辰, 陈振南, 刘青林, 何海, 冯棋琴. 海南省大学生代餐食品知信行调查分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1037 -1043 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410029
Shuo-lin LI, Han-chen CUI, Zhen-nan CHEN, Qing-lin LIU, Hai HE, Qi-qin FENG. Investigation on knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) of meal replacement food among college students in Hainan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1037 -1043 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410029
代餐食品是指为满足成人控制体重期间一餐或两餐的营养需要,代替一餐或两餐,专门加工配制而成的一种控制能量的食品[1]。随着经济快速发展和生活水平的提高,我国居民的膳食结构及生活方式发生了显著变化,不良的饮食习惯与生活方式导致我国居民超重、肥胖问题不断凸显;《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》显示,我国有超过一半的成年居民超重或肥胖[2]。低脂、低热且饱腹感强的代餐食品日益受到大众青睐。广东省农村电子商务协会发布的“代餐粉行业白皮书(2021版)”显示,大学生和职场人群是代餐食品的消费主体[3]
尽管国际食品法典[4]、欧盟[5]等在上世纪90年代就颁布了代餐食品相关的法规,但目前我国尚未出台代餐食品的国家标准,仅有团体标准[1]。市面上产品良莠不齐,且存在夸大和虚假宣传等问题,面对不完善的代餐食品市场,大学生若不具备正确的代餐食品知识,在消费代餐食品时容易出现误区[6-7]。但目前对大学生代餐食品知信行的调查研究很少见。因此,本研究拟通过调查海南省大学生代餐食品知信行现况,发现该主要消费人群的特征与喜好,以期为代餐食品的开发和后续的宣教提供依据。
2023年4月至2024年2月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,从海南省医学、综合和师范三类高校中各抽取一所学校,每所学校抽取2~3个专业,再按年级分层,随机整群抽取1~3个班级,确保每个年级达到约200人作为调查对象。本研究已经过海南医科大学伦理委员会审核批准(审查批准号:HYLL-2023-101),调查对象均知情同意。
参考《团体标准代餐食品(T/CNSS 002-2019)》[1],并查阅相关文献[6,8-9]后自行设计调查问卷,通过两轮预调查和咨询相关专家后修订成正式调查问卷;经检验信度和效度良好,Cronbach α值为0.729,KMO值为0.807。
本次调查采用线上问卷调查方式,问卷内容包括调查对象的基本情况(年龄、性别、身高、体重等)和代餐食品的知识知晓、态度信念及消费行为等。其中,代餐食品知识包括代餐食品的定义、适用对象、技术指标以及食品标签要求等共11道题,3道题反向赋分,8道题正向赋分,答对一题得1分,不正确或不了解皆不得分,满分11分;代餐食品态度共6道题,选项分为四个梯度“非常乐意”“有点乐意”“不确定”“不乐意”分别赋分3、2、1、0分,满分18分;代餐食品行为包括大学生代餐食品消费意愿和价格接受度、性能及类型需求、购买代餐食品时考虑因素、获取代餐食品信息及产品购买途径等共7道题,其中单选题2道,多选题5道。
问卷设置逻辑检验,包括设置数值允许范围、每人作答次数限制和未作答提醒等,以减少无效问卷。在班委的协助下,经培训合格的调查员到调查班级向调查对象说明调查目的、内容及注意事项(如身高、体重需填写近期体检或体测数据,或者平时空腹时的自测数据),并发布调查问卷二维码,进行现场调查。调查结束后,及时对回收问卷进行人工检查,有疑问处与调查对象沟通、核实。
采用Excel 2010和SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行录入和分析。定性资料用构成比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;定量资料用()表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析和LSD多重比较;多选题采用多重响应分析,采用响应率(指选择某选项的人数在总选择次数中的比例)和普及率(指选择某选项人数占总人数的百分比)两个指标,利用卡方拟合优度检验验证各选项间是否有差异。检验水准α=0.05。
共发放电子问卷2 451份,回收有效问卷2 221份,有效回收率为90.6%。调查对象平均年龄为(21.05±1.68)岁,BMI平均为(21.37±3.34);其中男生951名(42.8%),女生1 270名(57.2%);医学类专业和食品/营养类专业894名(40.3%),非医学类专业1 327名(59.7%);消瘦者415名(18.7%),正常者1 403名(63.2%),超重/肥胖者403名(18.1%)。
大学生代餐食品知识平均得分为(5.67±2.26)分,得分率为51.5%。其中,不同性别、年级、专业的大学生代餐食品知识得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生、大三及以上高年级学生、医学类和食品/营养类专业的知识得分更高(见表1)。
大学生代餐食品态度平均得分为(10.85±4.28)分,得分率为60.3%。其中,不同性别、营养状况、年级、生源地、生活费的大学生代餐食品态度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生、超重/肥胖、高年级、生源地为市县级、生活费1 501~2 000元的学生态度得分更高(见表2)。
对于“您食用过代餐食品吗?”有77.7%的大学生选择“没有,但想尝试一下”和“食用过,还想继续食用”;对于“如果购买代餐食品,您能接受的价格是多少?”有73.5%的大学生选择“<10元/餐”和“10~15元/餐”(见图1图2)。
对于多选题“如果购买代餐食品,您更关注产品的哪些方面?”在性能需求的6个选项中,“营养均衡性”、“安全性”、“效果显著性”的响应率和普及率较高;多选题“如果购买代餐食品,您更喜欢何种类型。”在类型需求的6个选项中,“代餐饼干”、“代餐奶昔”的响应率和普及率较高(见表3)。
对于多选题“购买代餐食品时,哪些因素会影响您的选择?”大学生选择“品牌知名度”、“价格”、“销量”、“用户评价”的响应率和普及率较高(见表4)。
对于多选题“您从哪些渠道了解到代餐食品?”大学生选择“联网或自媒体”、“同学或朋友”的响应率和普及率较高;多选题“如果购买代餐产品,您更喜欢通过哪些途径?”大学生选择“线上商场/超市”、“线下商场/超市”的响应率和普及率较高(见表5)。
本研究发现,海南省大学生代餐食品知识水平较低,得分率仅为51.5%。与其他营养知识水平的调查结果相似[10-11]。可能是因为代餐食品涉及较多营养与食品安全的知识,而调查对象中有部分学生并未接受过营养学或食品安全等课程的学习,即使有些学生学习了上述课程,其中也没有专门介绍代餐食品。加上我国目前只有中国营养学会2019年发布的《代餐食品》团体标准,尽管其中明确了代餐食品的定义和技术要求等内容,但多数大学生作为普通消费者尚未关注到该技术标准,故对代餐食品相关知识缺乏正确的认识[6]。调查对象中女生、高年级学生和医学类和食品/营养类专业的学生得分更高(P<0.05),可能是因为女生比男生更注重身材管理,对营养和膳食相关知识关注度更高[12-13];而高年级学生的知识面通常比低年级学生更广泛,特别是医学、食品及营养专业的学生从大三开始陆续开设了营养相关课程,因此他们的代餐知识得分较高[13-16]
海南省大学生对代餐食品的态度较积极,其中,女生、超重/肥胖、高年级、生源地市县级、生活费高于1 500元的学生态度得分更高。与龚子腾[17]、马娜娜[18]、刘晓英等[19]的研究结果相似。可能是因为女生更关注身材管理,而超重/肥胖学生有更强的减脂瘦身需求,高年级学生已适应了大学生活能更从容地关注自身体型外貌,也可能是考虑良好的体型外貌可为其就业带来一定的优势[20]。生源地为市县级和生活费高于1 500元的学生代餐食品态度得分高,分析发现该群体的超重/肥胖率也较高,加上良好的经济条件,可能对代餐食品的需求和关注度更高[21]
调查发现“想尝试代餐食品”和“想继续食用代餐食品”的大学生分别占43.0%、34.7%,但73.5%的学生接受15元/餐及以下的价格。说明大学生对代餐食品的消费意愿很高,但接受的价格较低,与赵雨涵等[22]和朱沐[9]的研究结果相似。可能是因为大学生正处于爱美的年龄加上求职需要和恋爱动机,愿意为改善体型外貌而消费,但大学生经济来源有限,因此消费较谨慎[23]
对于代餐食品的性能方面,大学生更加关注代餐食品的营养均衡性和安全性,说明大学生对代餐食品的期望是能够保证身体健康,替代正餐无副作用,在此前提下追求减脂瘦身的功效。这与朱沐[8]的研究结果相似。但周瑾等[6]调查了我国市售的代餐食品发现,营养指标全部符合《代餐食品》团标标准技术指标的仅占23.1%。说明大学生最关注的营养均衡的代餐食品目前还有很大的开发空间。此外,本调查发现,大学生最喜欢的代餐食品类型是“代餐饼干”和“代餐奶昔”,其次是“代餐粥”和“代餐粉”,这为后续产品的开发提供了一定的参考。
大学生购买代餐食品时主要考虑代餐食品的品牌知名度、价格、销量和用户评价。提示代餐食品生产和销售企业在树立良好品牌形象和口碑的同时,还应考虑大学生在经济尚未独立情况下的消费理念,性价比高的代餐食品对大学生群体更具吸引力。大学生主要通过互联网或自媒体渠道获取代餐食品信息,通过线上商场/超市购买代餐食品,符合当下消费者的消费行为习惯[24-25]
综上,海南省大学生代餐食品知识水平偏低,但态度较积极;消费意愿高,但接受价格偏低,注重产品的营养均衡性和安全性,喜欢的产品类型主要为代餐饼干和代餐奶昔。研究结果可为代餐食品的开发提供一定的参考。同时,在消费者代餐食品知识水平不足,而又缺乏代餐食品国家标准,市场产品较混乱的情况下,建议加大代餐食品的科普,引导消费者科学选购,防止盲目消费。
  • 海南省大学生创新创业项目(S202211810024)
  • 海南省自然科学基金面上项目(824MS066)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82304137)
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2025年第52卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410029
  • 接收时间:2024-10-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08
基金
海南省大学生创新创业项目(S202211810024)
海南省自然科学基金面上项目(824MS066)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82304137)
作者信息
    1.海南医科大学(海南省医学科学院) 公共卫生学院,海南 海口 571199
    2.河北省石家庄市鹿泉区疾病预防控制中心

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冯棋琴和何海为共同通信作者。冯棋琴,E-mail:
何海,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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