Article(id=1241022943443088191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730044800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812526808, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812526808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812526808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812526808, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022939957621542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812525976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815469296, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1050, endPage=1057, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022943803798345, articleId=1241022943443088191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Contamination levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived food and the associated health risk to the population, Chongqing, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the contamination levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in livestock meat, eggs, and dairy products in Chongqing, and to assess the exposure risk of population to PFAS through the consumption of these foods.

Methods

45 livestock meat, 45 eggs and 30 dairy products samples were randomly collected to determine 23 types of PFAS in Chongqing. Based on estimated food consumption data for Chongqing population in 2022, the dietary PFAS exposure risk was evaluated.

Results

The detection rates of PFAS in the three categories of animal-derived foods in Chongqing were as follows: eggs > livestock meat > dairy products. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was identified as the predominant PFAS, with detection rates of 95.6% in eggs, 37.8% in livestock meat, and 10.0% in dairy products. Both livestock meat and eggs were found to contain perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), with PFOA detection rates (33.3% in eggs, 31.1% in livestock meat) higher than those of PFOS (2.2% in eggs, 4.4% in livestock meat). The total average exposure to PFAS through the consumption of these three animal-derived food categories for the population over 3 years old in Chongqing was 6.75-32.81 ng/(kg·week). The average exposure levels of PFOA, PFOS, and Σ4 PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid) did not exceed the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). However, at high contamination levels of PFAS, the exposure levels of Σ4 PFASs for children aged 3-5 and 6-11 ranged from 5.84 to 7.09 ng/(kg·week), which exceeded the TWI Σ4 PFASs by 32.7%-61.1%.

Conclusion

PFAS were detected in all three categories of animal-derived foods in Chongqing, with eggs contributing the most. The average PFAS exposure from these foods for individuals over 3 years old do not pose a health risk, but high PFAS contamination presents a certain health risk to young children in Chongqing.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mei QIN, Li CHENG, Li LI, Yuan GAN, Jiao HUO, Jian HE, Jian ZHAO, Li-ying HE, Xiao-qin TANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241022944848180104, articleId=1241022943443088191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=重庆市动物源性食品中全氟和多氟烷基化合物污染水平及人群健康风险, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

调查重庆市畜肉、蛋类和乳类中全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)的污染水平,评估重庆市居民经食用畜肉、蛋类和乳类的PFAS暴露风险。

方法

随机采集重庆市45份畜肉、45份蛋类和30份乳类样品用于测定23种PFAS。基于2022年重庆市居民食物消费量估计值,评估重庆市居民膳食PFAS暴露风险。

结果

重庆市三类动物源性食品PFAS检出率结果为蛋类>畜肉>乳类。全氟丁酸(PFBA)是最主要的PFAS,检出率分别为蛋类95.6%>畜肉37.8%>乳类10.0%。畜肉和蛋类均检出全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS),且PFOA检出率(蛋类33.3%,畜肉31.1%)均高于PFOS(蛋类2.2%,畜肉4.4%)。重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的总PFAS平均暴露量为6.75~32.81ng/(kg·week),其中PFOA、PFOS和Σ4PFASs(PFOA、PFOS、全氟己烷磺酸和全氟壬酸)平均暴露量均未超过欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)提出的可耐受每周摄入量(TWI),但在PFAS高污染时,重庆市3~5岁和6~11岁人群的Σ4PFASs暴露量范围为5.84~7.09 ng/(kg·week),超过TWIΣ4PFASs32.7%~61.1%。

结论

重庆市三类动物源性食品均有PFAS检出,蛋类的贡献最高,3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的PFAS平均暴露量不产生健康风险,但PFAS高污染对重庆市幼童仍有一定健康风险。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
唐晓琴,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=XRThyllB79W+BwaSc8fWJQ==, magXml=26/mz8JivWPtMOdcEFyd0g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zMnyIBh1UAdgu7iAKPhSCQ==, pdfFileSize=898629, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1O0BrDq+jj4zRAv7CRCtqw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VQXN9AnR0dSCUlOQ0HrTAg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

覃梅(1993—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:食品安全检测技术与食物中毒检测技术

, authorsList=覃梅, 程莉, 李莉, 甘源, 霍娇, 何健, 赵舰, 贺丽迎, 唐晓琴)}, authors=[Author(id=1241022946593010610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022946693673916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022946593010610, language=EN, stringName=Mei QIN, firstName=Mei, middleName=null, lastName=QIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022946853057476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022946593010610, language=CN, stringName=覃梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio={"content":"

覃梅(1993—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:食品安全检测技术与食物中毒检测技术

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

覃梅(1993—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:食品安全检测技术与食物中毒检测技术

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022946953720782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022947096327126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022946953720782, language=EN, stringName=Li CHENG, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022947301848030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022946953720782, language=CN, stringName=程莉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022947452842985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022947570283510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022947452842985, language=EN, stringName=Li LI, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022947704500227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022947452842985, language=CN, stringName=李莉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022947842912268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022947977130008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022947842912268, language=EN, stringName=Yuan GAN, firstName=Yuan, middleName=null, lastName=GAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022948086181921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022947842912268, language=CN, stringName=甘源, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022948178456622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022948304285754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022948178456622, language=EN, stringName=Jiao HUO, firstName=Jiao, middleName=null, lastName=HUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022948392366144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022948178456622, language=CN, stringName=霍娇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022948472057932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022948576915540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022948472057932, language=EN, stringName=Jian HE, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022948690161758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022948472057932, language=CN, stringName=何健, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022948782436457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022948878905453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022948782436457, language=EN, stringName=Jian ZHAO, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022948971180150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022948782436457, language=CN, stringName=赵舰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022949076037756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022949180895373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022949076037756, language=EN, stringName=Li-ying HE, firstName=Li-ying, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022949273170068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022949076037756, language=CN, stringName=贺丽迎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1241022949340278940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=898757@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241022949432553637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022949340278940, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-qin TANG, firstName=Xiao-qin, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241022949554188466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, authorId=1241022949340278940, language=CN, stringName=唐晓琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241022949709377729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), Keyword(id=1241022951168995534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Animal-derived food), Keyword(id=1241022951345156315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Dietary exposure), Keyword(id=1241022951584231651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Health risk), Keyword(id=1241022951739420907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Chongqing), Keyword(id=1241022951856861430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=全氟和多氟烷基化合物), Keyword(id=1241022951974301954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=动物源性食品), Keyword(id=1241022952095936778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=膳食暴露), Keyword(id=1241022952184017170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=健康风险), Keyword(id=1241022952288874783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=重庆市)], refs=[Reference(id=1241022956005028352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=809, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Kurwadkar S, Dane J, Kanel SR, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kurwadkar S, Dane J, Kanel SR, et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 809: 151003., articleTitle=Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022956122468876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=407, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Ojo AF, Peng C, Ng JC, journalName=Journal of Hazardous Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ojo AF, Peng C, Ng JC. Assessing the human health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A need for greater focus on their interactions as mixtures[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 407: 124863., articleTitle=Assessing the human health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A need for greater focus on their interactions as mixtures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022956235715091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=349, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Zhou YR, Zhou ZY, Lian YJ, journalName=Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou YR, Zhou ZY, Lian YJ, et al. Source, transportation, bioaccumulation, distribution and food risk assessment of perfluorinated alkyl substances in vegetables: A review[J]. Food Chemistry, 2021, 349: 129137., articleTitle=Source, transportation, bioaccumulation, distribution and food risk assessment of perfluorinated alkyl substances in vegetables: A review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022956357349922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=1730, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Aßhoff N, Bernsmann T, Esselen M, journalName=Journal of Chromatography a, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aßhoff N, Bernsmann T, Esselen M, et al. A sensitive method for the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in food and food contact material using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography a, 2024, 1730: 465041., articleTitle=A sensitive method for the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in food and food contact material using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022956462207531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=202, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), journalName=EFSA Supporting Publications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Outcome of a public consultation on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food[J]. EFSA Supporting Publications, 2020, 17: 1-202., articleTitle=Outcome of a public consultation on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022956604813881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=2589, pageEnd=2598, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Surma M, Sznajder-Katarzynska K, Wiczkowski W, journalName=Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Surma M, Sznajder-Katarzynska K, Wiczkowski W, et al. Detection of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in high-protein food products[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 2589-2598., articleTitle=Detection of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in high-protein food products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022956760003140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=国家卫健委疾病预防控制局, journalName=中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年), refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家卫健委疾病预防控制局.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022956864860751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=The Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission, journalName=Report on nutrition and chronic disease conditions of Chinese residents (2020), refType=null, unstructuredReference=The Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission. Report on nutrition and chronic disease conditions of Chinese residents (2020)[M]. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2021. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957028438617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2016, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957124907616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=China Statistical Yearbook 2016, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2016[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2016. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957225570921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2017, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957334622833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=China Statistical Yearbook 2017, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2017. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957473034877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2018, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2018[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957615641228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=ChinaStatistical Yearbook 2017, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. ChinaStatistical Yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957766636185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2019, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2019[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957884076707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=China Statistical Yearbook 2019, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2019[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2019. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022957993128621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2020, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2020[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022958110569145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=China Statistical Yearbook 2020, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2020[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2020. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022958219621058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2021, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2021[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022958303507148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=China Statistical Yearbook 2021, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2021[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022958395781846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2022, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2022[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022958504833760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=China Statistical Yearbook 2022, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2022[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2022. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022958597108458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=中国统计年鉴2023, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2023[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022958718743284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics of China, journalName=China Statistical Yearbook 2023, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2023[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2023. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022960232887037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=国家国民体质监测中心, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家国民体质监测中心.第五次国民体质监测公报[EB/OL].[2025-01-15]. https://www.sport.gov.cn:8443/n315/n329/c24335066/content.html., articleTitle=第五次国民体质监测公报, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022960337744642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=National National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center. The fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin[EB/OL]. [2025-01-15]. https://www.sport.gov.cn:8443/n315/n329/c24335066/content.html. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022960539071250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=重庆市卫生健康委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=重庆市卫生健康委员会.重庆市2022年度居民健康状况报告[EB/OL].[2025-01-10]. https://wsjkw.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_242/wsjklymsxx/jkfw_266458/gzxx_266460/202312/W020231205622720728527.pdf., articleTitle=重庆市2022年度居民健康状况报告, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022960673288987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Chongqing Municipal Health Commission, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chongqing Municipal Health Commission. Chongqing municipality 2022 annual resident health status report[EB/OL]. [2025-01-10]. https://wsjkw.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_242/wsjklymsxx/jkfw_266458/gzxx_266460/202312/W020231205622720728527.pdf. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Chongqing municipality 2022 annual resident health status report, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022960769757987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=16, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Knutsen HK, Alexander J, journalName=EFSA Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Knutsen HK, Alexander J, et al. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food[J]. EFSA Journal, 2018, 16(12): e05194., articleTitle=Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022960891392811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=9, pageStart=6223, pageEnd=6614, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (EFSA CONTAM Panel), Schrenk D, Bignami M, journalName=EFSA Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (EFSA CONTAM Panel), Schrenk D, Bignami M, et al. Scientific opinion on the risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food[J]. EFSA Journal, 2020, 18(9): 6223-6614., articleTitle=Scientific opinion on the risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961109496630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=GEMS/Food-EURO, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GEMS/Food-EURO. Second workshop on reliable evaluation of low-level contamination of food: report on a workshop in the frame of GEMS/food-EURO[EB/OL]. [2025-01-10]. https://toolbox.foodcomp.info/References/LOD/GEMS-Food-EURO%20%20-%20%20Reliable%20Evaluation%20of%20Low-Level%20Contamination%20of%20Food.pdf., articleTitle=Second workshop on reliable evaluation of low-level contamination of food: report on a workshop in the frame of GEMS/food-EURO, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961205965631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=30, issue=11, pageStart=1918, pageEnd=1932, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Hlouskova V, Hradkova P, Poustka J, journalName=Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hlouskova V, Hradkova P, Poustka J, et al. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various food items of animal origin collected in four European countries[J]. Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2013, 30(11): 1918-1932., articleTitle=Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various food items of animal origin collected in four European countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961306628933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=32, authorNames=张思维, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张思维.兰州市售畜肉及其副产品中PFCs污染情况调查与健康风险评估[D].兰州市:甘肃中医药大学,2024., articleTitle=兰州市售畜肉及其副产品中PFCs污染情况调查与健康风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961403097933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Zhang SW, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang SW. Investigation and health risk assessment of PFCs pollution in livestock meat and its by-products sold in Lanzhou[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 2024. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Investigation and health risk assessment of PFCs pollution in livestock meat and its by-products sold in Lanzhou, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961478595409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=216, pageEnd=221, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=34, authorNames=王冬根, 袁丽娟, 张莉, journalName=食品科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王冬根,袁丽娟,张莉,等.江西省畜禽产品中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸污染情况调查与分析[J].食品科学2016, 37(4): 216-221., articleTitle=江西省畜禽产品中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸污染情况调查与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961545704278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=216, pageEnd=221, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Wang DG, Yuan LJ, Zhang L, journalName=Food Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang DG, Yuan LJ, Zhang L, et al. Survey and analysis of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) pollution in livestock and poultry products from Jiangxi province[J]. Food Science, 2016, 37(4): 216-221. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Survey and analysis of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) pollution in livestock and poultry products from Jiangxi province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961679922008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=3360, pageEnd=3367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=36, authorNames=刘逸飞, 李阳, 赵楠楠, journalName=环境化学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘逸飞,李阳,赵楠楠,等.北京市售动物源性食品中全氟化合物赋存及居民摄入风险评估[J].环境化学2021, 40(11): 3360-3367., articleTitle=北京市售动物源性食品中全氟化合物赋存及居民摄入风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961793168223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=3360, pageEnd=3367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Liu YF, Li Y, Zhao NN, journalName=Environmental Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu YF, Li Y, Zhao NN, et al. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived food in Beijing and risk assessment of residents’ intake[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, 40(11): 3360-3367. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived food in Beijing and risk assessment of residents’ intake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022961935774567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=191, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=刘晓湾, 张鸿, 李静, journalName=食品科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓湾,张鸿,李静,等.中国沿海地区鸡蛋中全氟化合物污染水平及分布[J].食品科学2016, 37(4): 191-196., articleTitle=中国沿海地区鸡蛋中全氟化合物污染水平及分布, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962078380913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=191, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Liu XW, Zhang H, Li J, journalName=Food Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu XW, Zhang H, Li J, et al. Investigation of contamination levels of perfluorinated compounds in Eggs from nine coastal provinces of China[J]. Food Science, 2016, 37(4): 191-196. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Investigation of contamination levels of perfluorinated compounds in Eggs from nine coastal provinces of China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962200015735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=1708, pageEnd=1716, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=方淑红, 彭光垣, 印红玲, journalName=环境科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=方淑红,彭光垣,印红玲,等.成都饮食中全氟化合物的污染特征及健康风险评估[J].环境科学学报2019, 39(5): 1708-1716., articleTitle=成都饮食中全氟化合物的污染特征及健康风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962309067646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=1708, pageEnd=1716, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Fang SH, Peng GY, Yin HL, journalName=Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fang SH, Peng GY, Yin HL, et al. Pollution characteristics and human health risk of perfluoroalkyl substance exposure through the diet in Chengdu City[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019, 39(5): 1708-1716. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Pollution characteristics and human health risk of perfluoroalkyl substance exposure through the diet in Chengdu City, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962430702466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=20, pageStart=214, pageEnd=222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=42, authorNames=张恣意, 曹文成, 周妍, journalName=食品工业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张恣意,曹文成,周妍,等.湖北某典型地区动物源食品中全氟及多氟烷基化合物的污染现状和膳食暴露评估[J].食品工业科技2021, 42(20): 214-222., articleTitle=湖北某典型地区动物源食品中全氟及多氟烷基化合物的污染现状和膳食暴露评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962539754376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=20, pageStart=214, pageEnd=222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Zhang ZY, Cao WC, Zhou Y, journalName=Science and Technology of Food Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang ZY, Cao WC, Zhou Y, et al. Pollution status and dietary exposure assessments of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal food from a typical area in Hubei province[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2021, 42(20): 214-222. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Pollution status and dietary exposure assessments of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal food from a typical area in Hubei province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962648806285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=59, issue=13, pageStart=7496, pageEnd=7505, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Noorlander CW, Van leeuwen SPJ, Te biesebeek JD, journalName=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Noorlander CW, Van leeuwen SPJ, Te biesebeek JD, et al. Levels of perfluorinated compounds in food and dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA in the Netherlands[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(13): 7496-7505., articleTitle=Levels of perfluorinated compounds in food and dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA in the Netherlands, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962749469586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=177, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Kedikoglou K, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, journalName=Environmental Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kedikoglou K, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, et al. Preliminary assessment of general population exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances through diet in Greece[J]. Environmental Research, 2019, 177: 108617., articleTitle=Preliminary assessment of general population exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances through diet in Greece, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962841744278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=60, issue=9, pageStart=2319, pageEnd=2336, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Torres FG, De-La-torre GE, journalName=Journal of Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Torres FG, De-La-torre GE. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumable species and food products[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2023, 60(9): 2319-2336., articleTitle=Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumable species and food products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022962971767711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=47, authorNames=高雪嫣, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高雪嫣.我国居民全氟及多氟化合物的暴露评估[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学,2020., articleTitle=我国居民全氟及多氟化合物的暴露评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022963072431012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Gao XY, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao XY. Exposure assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese residents[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan Polytechnic University, 2020. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Exposure assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese residents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022963152122793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=45, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=49, authorNames=张茜, 王珺冀, 林枧在, journalName=微量元素与健康研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张茜,王珺冀,林枧在,等.水体和四类食品中全氟化合物污染水平及健康风险评估[J].微量元素与健康研究2024, 41(3): 45-47., articleTitle=水体和四类食品中全氟化合物污染水平及健康风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022964657877935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=45, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Zhang Q, Wang JJ, Lin JZ, journalName=Studies of Trace Elements and Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Q, Wang JJ, Lin JZ, et al. Perluorinated compound contamination levels and health risk assessment in water and four categories of food[J]. Studies of Trace Elements and Health, 2024, 41(3): 45-47. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Perluorinated compound contamination levels and health risk assessment in water and four categories of food, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022964741764019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=51, authorNames=焦文清, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=焦文清.食品接触材料及食品中全氟化合物的污染特征及风险评估[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2024., articleTitle=食品接触材料及食品中全氟化合物的污染特征及风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022964842427320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Jiao WQ, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiao WQ. Contamination characteristics and risk assessment of food contact materials and perfluorinated compounds in food[D]. Yangling: Northwest A and F University, 2024. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Contamination characteristics and risk assessment of food contact materials and perfluorinated compounds in food, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241022964930507708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=445, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Sun QP, Zhang JE, Wang TY, journalName=Journal of Hazardous Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun QP, Zhang JE, Wang TY, et al. Cooking methods effectively alter perfluoroalkyl substances and nutrients in cultured and wild bullfrogs[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, 445: 130555., articleTitle=Cooking methods effectively alter perfluoroalkyl substances and nutrients in cultured and wild bullfrogs, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241022955749175793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, awardId=渝卫办发〔2023〕81号, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年重庆市公共卫生重点专科(学科)建设项目(渝卫办发〔2023〕81号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241022945078866845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945083061150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241022945091449760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, companyId=1241022945078866845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241022952561504572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Per capita daily consumption of three animal-derived food categories in the Statistical Yearbook of the National Bureau of Statistics from 2016 to 2023, figureFileSmall=jb/rBSOTd2M0Mktfh/6Idw==, figureFileBig=1O0BrDq+jj4zRAv7CRCtqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022952699916616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, label=图1, caption=国家统计局2016—2023年统计年鉴中人均每日三类动物源性食物消费量

注:A为全国和重庆市居民2015—2017年人均每日畜肉、蛋类和乳类消费量;B为重庆市居民2015—2022年人均每日畜肉消费量变化;C为重庆市居民2015—2022年人均每日蛋类消费量变化;D为重庆市居民2015—2022年人均每日乳类消费量变化。

, figureFileSmall=jb/rBSOTd2M0Mktfh/6Idw==, figureFileBig=1O0BrDq+jj4zRAv7CRCtqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022953014489443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Σ4PFASs exposure levels due to consumption of three animal-derived food categories among population over 3 years old in Chongqing, figureFileSmall=lqqz2jP0YzyE7n/eknwGEA==, figureFileBig=GqE+cHAdRK6UyQE0Bytu1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022953115152753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, label=图2, caption=重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的Σ4PFASs暴露水平

注:A为Σ4PFASs 平均污染水平下的暴露水平;B为Σ4PFASs P95污染水平下的暴露水平。

, figureFileSmall=lqqz2jP0YzyE7n/eknwGEA==, figureFileBig=GqE+cHAdRK6UyQE0Bytu1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022953199038841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Contamination levels of PFAS in livestock meat in Chongqing (μg/kg,n=45)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS检出数(率, %)P5均值中位数P95最大值
PFBA17(37.8)0.0100.1580.0100.7111.655
PFOA13(33.3)0.0050.0090.0050.0240.025
PFNA4(8.9)0.0050.0090.0050.0300.075
PFHxDA6(13.3)0.0050.0120.0050.0590.106
PFBS1(2.2)0.0050.0060.0050.0050.053
PFHxS2(4.4)0.0050.0060.0050.0050.033
PFOS1(2.2)0.0050.0070.0050.0050.093
≥2种14(31.1)-----
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953303896452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

重庆市畜肉中PFAS污染水平(μg/kg, n=45)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS检出数(率, %)P5均值中位数P95最大值
PFBA17(37.8)0.0100.1580.0100.7111.655
PFOA13(33.3)0.0050.0090.0050.0240.025
PFNA4(8.9)0.0050.0090.0050.0300.075
PFHxDA6(13.3)0.0050.0120.0050.0590.106
PFBS1(2.2)0.0050.0060.0050.0050.053
PFHxS2(4.4)0.0050.0060.0050.0050.033
PFOS1(2.2)0.0050.0070.0050.0050.093
≥2种14(31.1)-----
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953404559759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Contamination levels of PFAS in eggs in Chongqing (μg/kg, n=45)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS检出数(率, %)P5均值中位数P95最大值
PFBA43(95.6)0.6131.1851.2171.7141.758
PFPeA28(62.2)0.0100.0800.1030.1440.240
PFOA14(31.1)0.0050.0170.0050.0680.087
PFNA7(15.6)0.0050.0350.0050.2620.346
PFDA7(15.6)0.0050.0390.0050.2380.548
PFUdA12(26.7)0.0050.0900.0050.4351.948
PFDoA7(15.6)0.0050.0200.0050.0450.366
PFTrDA6(13.3)0.0050.0390.0050.0660.862
PFTeDA2(4.4)0.0050.0110.0050.0050.147
PFHxDA2(4.4)0.0050.0070.0050.0050.040
PFODA1(2.2)0.0050.0070.0050.0050.076
PFHxS1(2.2)0.0050.0060.0050.0050.034
PFOS2(4.4)0.0050.0210.0050.0050.565
≥2种32(71.1)-----
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953501028764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

重庆市蛋类中PFAS污染水平(μg/kg, n=45)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS检出数(率, %)P5均值中位数P95最大值
PFBA43(95.6)0.6131.1851.2171.7141.758
PFPeA28(62.2)0.0100.0800.1030.1440.240
PFOA14(31.1)0.0050.0170.0050.0680.087
PFNA7(15.6)0.0050.0350.0050.2620.346
PFDA7(15.6)0.0050.0390.0050.2380.548
PFUdA12(26.7)0.0050.0900.0050.4351.948
PFDoA7(15.6)0.0050.0200.0050.0450.366
PFTrDA6(13.3)0.0050.0390.0050.0660.862
PFTeDA2(4.4)0.0050.0110.0050.0050.147
PFHxDA2(4.4)0.0050.0070.0050.0050.040
PFODA1(2.2)0.0050.0070.0050.0050.076
PFHxS1(2.2)0.0050.0060.0050.0050.034
PFOS2(4.4)0.0050.0210.0050.0050.565
≥2种32(71.1)-----
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953593303459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Contamination levels of PFAS in dairy products in Chongqing (μg/kg, n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS检出数(率, %)P5均值中位数P95最大值
PFBA3 (10.0)0.0100.0710.0100.1731.538
PFPeA1 (3.3)0.0100.0180.0100.0100.253
≥2种1 (3.3)-----
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953710743981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

重庆市乳类中PFAS污染水平(μg/kg, n=30)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS检出数(率, %)P5均值中位数P95最大值
PFBA3 (10.0)0.0100.0710.0100.1731.538
PFPeA1 (3.3)0.0100.0180.0100.0100.253
≥2种1 (3.3)-----
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953811407288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Estimated consumption of three animal-derived food categories in different regions, gender and age groups in Chongqing in 2022 (g/day)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物类别地区性别3~5岁6~11岁12~17岁18~59岁≥60岁
畜肉全部91.1156.9195.0171.2126.3
71.7146.5162.2128.3103.1
城市91.2166.1201.6172.7126.8
70.7155.3168.6129.7104.9
农村93.0148.0189.0173.0127.1
73.8137.2155.9129.0102.6
蛋类全部35.752.052.634.230.5
32.550.246.131.127.2
城市38.655.252.939.337.2
31.151.945.936.134.0
农村36.851.055.032.526.6
36.150.348.429.022.2
乳类全部74.093.9103.019.529.7
71.890.992.623.730.7
城市96.6117.2113.626.146.0
92.0106.094.034.148.2
农村65.670.795.615.515.8
63.775.695.015.914.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953912070598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2022年重庆市不同地区、性别和年龄组人群三类动物源性食物消费量估计值(g/day)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物类别地区性别3~5岁6~11岁12~17岁18~59岁≥60岁
畜肉全部91.1156.9195.0171.2126.3
71.7146.5162.2128.3103.1
城市91.2166.1201.6172.7126.8
70.7155.3168.6129.7104.9
农村93.0148.0189.0173.0127.1
73.8137.2155.9129.0102.6
蛋类全部35.752.052.634.230.5
32.550.246.131.127.2
城市38.655.252.939.337.2
31.151.945.936.134.0
农村36.851.055.032.526.6
36.150.348.429.022.2
乳类全部74.093.9103.019.529.7
71.890.992.623.730.7
城市96.6117.2113.626.146.0
92.0106.094.034.148.2
农村65.670.795.615.515.8
63.775.695.015.914.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241022954067259861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Total PFAS exposure [ng/(kg·week)] due to consumption of three animal-derived food categories among population over 3 years old in Chongqing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS污染水平地区性别3~5岁6~11岁12~17岁18~59岁≥60岁
平均污染全部30.3426.5915.788.897.94
28.1226.4315.319.267.87
城市32.8128.5616.109.769.18
27.8927.7615.4710.339.34
农村30.8425.4015.998.637.19
30.1725.7315.658.806.75
P95污染全部73.6866.4440.7624.5121.07
66.7665.6739.2024.6120.54
城市78.5571.1741.7626.2523.51
66.2369.1539.8926.7523.50
农村74.9363.2440.8424.0819.66
71.0563.3739.4923.7518.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241022954235032033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022943443088191, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的总PFAS暴露量 [ng/(kg·week)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFAS污染水平地区性别3~5岁6~11岁12~17岁18~59岁≥60岁
平均污染全部30.3426.5915.788.897.94
28.1226.4315.319.267.87
城市32.8128.5616.109.769.18
27.8927.7615.4710.339.34
农村30.8425.4015.998.637.19
30.1725.7315.658.806.75
P95污染全部73.6866.4440.7624.5121.07
66.7665.6739.2024.6120.54
城市78.5571.1741.7626.2523.51
66.2369.1539.8926.7523.50
农村74.9363.2440.8424.0819.66
71.0563.3739.4923.7518.34
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1770628902248, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1227669854342280188, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902278, updatedTime=1770628902278, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1227669854396806141, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902291, updatedTime=1770628902291, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
重庆市动物源性食品中全氟和多氟烷基化合物污染水平及人群健康风险
收藏切换
PDF下载
覃梅 , 程莉 , 李莉 , 甘源 , 霍娇 , 何健 , 赵舰 , 贺丽迎 , 唐晓琴
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(6): 1050-1057
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(6): 1050-1057
重庆市动物源性食品中全氟和多氟烷基化合物污染水平及人群健康风险
全屏
覃梅, 程莉, 李莉, 甘源, 霍娇, 何健, 赵舰, 贺丽迎, 唐晓琴
作者信息
  • 重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707
  • 覃梅(1993—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:食品安全检测技术与食物中毒检测技术

通讯作者:

唐晓琴,E-mail:
Contamination levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived food and the associated health risk to the population, Chongqing
Mei QIN, Li CHENG, Li LI, Yuan GAN, Jiao HUO, Jian HE, Jian ZHAO, Li-ying HE, Xiao-qin TANG
Affiliations
  • Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

调查重庆市畜肉、蛋类和乳类中全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)的污染水平,评估重庆市居民经食用畜肉、蛋类和乳类的PFAS暴露风险。

方法

随机采集重庆市45份畜肉、45份蛋类和30份乳类样品用于测定23种PFAS。基于2022年重庆市居民食物消费量估计值,评估重庆市居民膳食PFAS暴露风险。

结果

重庆市三类动物源性食品PFAS检出率结果为蛋类>畜肉>乳类。全氟丁酸(PFBA)是最主要的PFAS,检出率分别为蛋类95.6%>畜肉37.8%>乳类10.0%。畜肉和蛋类均检出全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS),且PFOA检出率(蛋类33.3%,畜肉31.1%)均高于PFOS(蛋类2.2%,畜肉4.4%)。重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的总PFAS平均暴露量为6.75~32.81ng/(kg·week),其中PFOA、PFOS和Σ4PFASs(PFOA、PFOS、全氟己烷磺酸和全氟壬酸)平均暴露量均未超过欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)提出的可耐受每周摄入量(TWI),但在PFAS高污染时,重庆市3~5岁和6~11岁人群的Σ4PFASs暴露量范围为5.84~7.09 ng/(kg·week),超过TWIΣ4PFASs32.7%~61.1%。

结论

重庆市三类动物源性食品均有PFAS检出,蛋类的贡献最高,3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的PFAS平均暴露量不产生健康风险,但PFAS高污染对重庆市幼童仍有一定健康风险。

全氟和多氟烷基化合物  /  动物源性食品  /  膳食暴露  /  健康风险  /  重庆市
Objective

To investigate the contamination levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in livestock meat, eggs, and dairy products in Chongqing, and to assess the exposure risk of population to PFAS through the consumption of these foods.

Methods

45 livestock meat, 45 eggs and 30 dairy products samples were randomly collected to determine 23 types of PFAS in Chongqing. Based on estimated food consumption data for Chongqing population in 2022, the dietary PFAS exposure risk was evaluated.

Results

The detection rates of PFAS in the three categories of animal-derived foods in Chongqing were as follows: eggs > livestock meat > dairy products. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was identified as the predominant PFAS, with detection rates of 95.6% in eggs, 37.8% in livestock meat, and 10.0% in dairy products. Both livestock meat and eggs were found to contain perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), with PFOA detection rates (33.3% in eggs, 31.1% in livestock meat) higher than those of PFOS (2.2% in eggs, 4.4% in livestock meat). The total average exposure to PFAS through the consumption of these three animal-derived food categories for the population over 3 years old in Chongqing was 6.75-32.81 ng/(kg·week). The average exposure levels of PFOA, PFOS, and Σ4 PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid) did not exceed the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). However, at high contamination levels of PFAS, the exposure levels of Σ4 PFASs for children aged 3-5 and 6-11 ranged from 5.84 to 7.09 ng/(kg·week), which exceeded the TWI Σ4 PFASs by 32.7%-61.1%.

Conclusion

PFAS were detected in all three categories of animal-derived foods in Chongqing, with eggs contributing the most. The average PFAS exposure from these foods for individuals over 3 years old do not pose a health risk, but high PFAS contamination presents a certain health risk to young children in Chongqing.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances  /  Animal-derived food  /  Dietary exposure  /  Health risk  /  Chongqing
覃梅, 程莉, 李莉, 甘源, 霍娇, 何健, 赵舰, 贺丽迎, 唐晓琴. 重庆市动物源性食品中全氟和多氟烷基化合物污染水平及人群健康风险. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1050 -1057 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439
Mei QIN, Li CHENG, Li LI, Yuan GAN, Jiao HUO, Jian HE, Jian ZHAO, Li-ying HE, Xiao-qin TANG. Contamination levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived food and the associated health risk to the population, Chongqing[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1050 -1057 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439
全氟和多氟烷基化合物(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAS)是一类具有高热稳定性、化学稳定性以及高表面活性的合成化学物,被广泛应用于工业产品和消费品。PFAS的广泛使用导致其在环境中的持久性和生物蓄积性,引发了全球范围内的健康和环境担忧[1]。近年来,越来越多的研究揭示了PFAS的生物蓄积性和毒性会对人类健康产生危害,包括内分泌干扰、生长发育障碍、免疫系统损伤以及癌症风险的增加[2]。全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctanesulfonic acid,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)陆续被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》名单,虽然已逐渐被工业淘汰,多国政府也明令禁止使用,但目前已有多种替代PFAS广泛生产并投入使用[3]
人体可经口、空气和皮肤暴露于PFAS,其中膳食摄入是主要的暴露途径。PFAS可以通过污染的水源、食品包装材料及其在食品加工过程中的使用进入食物链,导致人群暴露[4]。欧洲食品安全局(European Food Safety Authority,EFSA)在其科学意见中建议,食品中PFAS的含量应受到严格监控,以保护消费者健康[5]。研究发现,PFAS易与蛋白质结合,因此动物源性食品如肉类、蛋类和乳类通常会检测到PFAS[6]。随着经济的快速发展和食品消费模式的变化,居民的动物源性食品消费量也明显增加。因此,探索动物源性食品中PFAS的污染水平并评估人群的膳食暴露情况不仅有助于了解PFAS的流行特征,也为制定针对性的公共卫生政策提供科学依据。在此背景下,本研究通过分析重庆市畜肉、蛋类和乳类样本中23种PFAS的含量,结合人群的消费量水平,揭示重庆市人群的膳食PFAS暴露水平及其潜在健康风险,为更有效的风险管理和公众健康保护提供数据支持。
本研究从重庆市荣昌区、铜梁区和武隆区等24个地区的商店、农贸市场和网店采集45份畜肉、45份蛋类和30份乳类样品。畜肉为当地生产的猪肉、牛肉和羊肉,乳类为优先采集当地生产的生乳、巴氏杀菌乳、灭菌乳、发酵乳和调制调味乳,蛋类为当地生产的鸡蛋、鸭蛋和鹅蛋。根据《2024 年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定样品中23种PFAS,包括PFOA、PFOS、全氟丁酸(perfluorobutanoic acid,PFBA)、全氟戊酸(perfluoropentanoic acid,PFPeA)、全氟己酸(perfluorohexanoic acid,PFHxA)、全氟庚酸(perfluoroheptanoicacid,PFHpA)、全氟壬酸(perfluorononanoic acid,PFNA)、全氟癸酸(perfluorodecanoic acid,PFDA)、全氟十一烷酸(perfluoroundecanoic acid,PFUdA)、全氟十二烷酸(perfluorododecanoic acid,PFDoA)、全氟十三烷酸(perfluorotridecanoic acid,PFTrDA)、全氟十四烷酸(perfluorotetradecanoic acid,PFTeDA)、全氟十六烷酸(perfluorohexadecanoic acid,PFHxDA)、全氟十八烷酸(perfluorooctadecanoic acid,PFODA)、全氟丁烷磺酸(perfluorobutanesulfonic acid,PFBS)、全氟己烷磺酸(perfluorohexanesulfonic acid,PFHxS)、全氟癸烷磺酸(perfluorodecanesulfonic acid)、全氟戊烷磺酸(perfluoropentanesulfonic acid,PFPeS)、全氟庚烷磺酸(perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid, PFHpS)、全氟壬烷磺酸(perfluorononanesulfonic acid,PFNS)、4.8-二氧杂-3H-全氟壬酸(4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid,DONA)、6:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸(9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid,6/2F-53B)和8:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸(8:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid,8/2F-53B)。本研究中PFBA和PFPeA的检测限(limit of detection, LOD)均为0.02 μg/kg,其余21种PFAS的LOD均为0.01 μg/kg。以上LOD均符合国家监测要求,即PFBA和PFPeA的LOD范围为0.001~0.06 μg/kg,其余21种PFAS的LOD范围为0.000 5~0.03 μg/kg。
本研究中的食物消费量数据采用《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》中全国不同年龄段不同性别人群平均每人每天食物摄入量数据,该数据来源于2015—2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测[7]。如图1所示,根据国家统计局2016—2023年统计年鉴数据,2015—2017年重庆市居民人均每日畜肉、蛋类和乳类消费量均高于全国平均水平,并且2015—2022年重庆市居民人均每日畜肉和蛋类消费量有明显上升趋势,农村居民乳类消费量有上升趋势[8-15]。为了更加接近重庆市居民近年的食物消费水平,本研究根据统计年鉴中重庆市居民2022年三类动物源性食物消费量与全国居民2015—2017年三类动物源性食物平均消费量的比值,将《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》中全国不同年龄性别人群人均每日三种动物源性食物摄入量数据估计出重庆市2022年相应人群的三类动物源性食物消费量。
结合重庆市三类动物源性食品中PFAS的污染检测值和居民相应的食物消费量估计值,计算重庆市居民食用三类动物源性食物的每日PFAS暴露量,结果乘以7即得到每周PFAS暴露量。公式如下:
其中,EWI(estimated weekly intake)为每人每周每公斤体重的PFAS暴露量,ng/(kg·week);X为人均每日某食物消费量,g/day;C为某食物中PFAS的含量,μg/kg;BW为不同年龄性别人群平均体重,kg。体重数据参考2020年《第五次国民体质监测公报》和《重庆市2022年度居民健康状况报告》[16-17]。因体重数据未区分城市人群和农村人群,因此假设同年龄性别的城市人群和农村人群平均体重相同。EFSA提出了人体对PFOA、PFOS以及Σ4PFASs(PFOA、PFOS、PFHxS和PFNA)的可耐受每周摄入量(tolerable weekly intake,TWI)分别为6 ng/(kg·week)、13 ng/(kg·week)和4.4 ng/(kg·week)[18-19]。以上TWI是基于普通人群的大型流行病学研究数据进行BMD建模推导得到的,其中也包括潜在的敏感人群。EFSA认为该TWI不适用于婴儿,但可以保护其他年龄组人群免受PFAS对健康的影响。因此本研究将重庆市3岁及以上人群的EWI与相应的TWI进行比较来评估人群暴露于PFAS的风险高低。
本研究按照世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)对食品中低水平污染物可信评价的要求,对PFAS未检出数据用1/2 LOD值替代[20]。采用Excel 2019和SPSS 22.0进行数据处理和统计分析。
表1~表3可见,重庆市三类动物源食品均未检出PFHxA、PFHpA、PFDS、PFPeS、PFHpS、PFNS、DONA、6/2F-53B和8/2F-53B。除此之外,乳类仅检出PFBA和PFPeA两种PFAS。在23种PFAS中,三类动物源性食品均为PFBA检出率最高,其中蛋类的PFBA检出率最高为95.6%,含量均值为1.185 μg/kg,最大值为1.785 μg/kg,其次是畜肉(37.8%,0.158 μg/kg,1.655 μg/kg)。畜肉和鲜蛋中均检出PFOA和PFOS,且PFOA检出率(>30%)均高于PFOS(<5%)。蛋类中检出2种及以上PFAS的比例为71.1%,高于畜肉(31.1%)和乳类(3.3%)。
假设2022年重庆市不同地区、性别和年龄组人群畜肉、蛋类和乳类的消费量相对于《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》中全国相应人群的该三类动物源性食物消费量呈相同比例变化。估计出的食物消费量结果如表4所示。除女性人群的蛋类消费量以外,2022年重庆市不同年龄段人群三类动物源性食物消费量估计值均呈现出12~17岁人群消费高峰。除18~59岁和60岁及以上两组人群的乳类消费量以外,2022年重庆市其余年龄组人群的三类动物源性食物消费量估计值均呈现出男性比女性高的趋势。2022年重庆市农村不同年龄性别组人群的乳类消费量均明显低于城市人群。
表5所示,在三类动物源性食品中PFAS的平均污染水平和高污染(P95)污染水平下,重庆市3岁以上不同年龄段人群的总PAFS暴露量均呈现随年龄降低的趋势,且城市人群的总PAFS暴露量高于农村人群,未成年男性的总PAFS暴露水量高于未成年女性。相比在PFAS平均污染水平下,PFAS的P95污染水平导致重庆市3岁以上人群2~3倍的暴露量。其中,总PAFS暴露量最高的人群是3~5岁的城市男性幼儿,在PFAS平均污染和P95污染水平下,其暴露量分别为32.81 ng/(kg·week)和78.55ng/(kg·week)。在三类动物源性食品中,蛋类对重庆市3岁以上人群总PAFS暴露的贡献率最高,在平均污染和P95污染水平下对不同人群的贡献率分别为57.5%~72.7%和39.7%~59.5%,其次是畜肉(19.9%~41.0%和34.1%~59.2%)。
重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的PFOA和PFOS暴露量均未超过相应TWI,占TWI的比例不足10%。如图2所示,在Σ4PFASs平均污染水平下,重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的Σ4PFASs暴露量均低于TWIΣ4PFASs,但在P95污染水平时,重庆市3~5岁幼儿和6~11岁儿童的Σ4PFASs暴露量为5.84~7.09ng/(kg·week),均已超过TWIΣ4PFASs,超出比例范围为32.7%~61.1%。
本研究显示重庆市三类动物源性食品的PFAS检出率结果为蛋类>畜肉>乳类,PFBA为三类动物源性食品主要的PFAS,这与欧洲国家的研究结果一致。但欧洲国家的研究中PFBA在蛋(0.025 1~0.098 6 μg/kg)、肉(0.027 2~0.05 μg/kg)和奶(0.010 9~0.030 5 μg/kg)中的含量均低于本研究[21]。本研究在畜肉和蛋类中检出了PFOA和PFOS,乳类中未检出。北京市的畜肉中PFOA和PFOS含量分别为0.03μg/kg和0.02 μg/kg,均高于本研究,但兰州市和江西省的畜肉中未检出PFOA和PFOS[22-24]。与中国沿海九省的鸡蛋检测结果比较,PFOA(0.057 6 μg/kg)和PFOS(0.063 9 μg/kg)含量均高于本研究结果,并且本研究中的蛋类样品还包括鸭蛋和鹅蛋,而鸭和鹅的生活环境多与水体接触,被PFAS污染的概率更高[25]。沿海地区的化工、纺织等行业发展较早,PFAS主要应用于这些领域,因此可能导致沿海地区的食品PFAS污染更严重。本研究中的乳类仅检出PFBA和PFPeA两种PFAS,但成都市的牛奶中检出了PFOA和PFOS等10种PFAS,Σ10PFASs的含量(2.14~3.94 μg/kg)远高于重庆市[26]。成都市研究中PFAS的LOD最低达到0.000 1 μg/kg,是本研究最低LOD的100倍,较低的LOD可以提供较高的灵敏度从而能检出更多的阳性样品。另外,环境、饲料和水源等的PFAS污染水平均可影响乳类中的PFAS含量。
通过膳食暴露估计,重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的总PFAS暴露量随年龄增加而降低。幼童的PFAS暴露量最高是因为其体重较低,导致单位体重的暴露量高于其他年龄段人群,尤其在PFAS的P95污染水平下,重庆市3~5岁幼儿和6~11岁儿童的Σ4PFASs暴露量已超过EFSA提出的TWI值,说明重庆市三类动物源性食品中的PFAS对该人群产生一定的健康风险,应重点关注该人群。老年人群的PFAS暴露量降低,是因为该人群的三类动物源性食物消费量较成年人群低,从而估计出较低的膳食暴露量。EFSA在2020年评估中也指出,欧洲幼儿和儿童的膳食Σ4PFASs暴露水平较高,在污染水平下限估计的情况下,仍有幼童Σ4PFASs超过TWI,表明幼童群体在膳食PFAS暴露方面存在健康风险[19]
对比三类动物源性食品,重庆市居民膳食PFAS暴露的主要来源是蛋类,其次是畜肉,这与湖北省和北京市的研究结果一致[24,27]。重庆市居民经食用三类动物源性食品的PFOA和PFOS暴露量不足TWI的10%,说明对一般人群不产生健康风险,而北京市居民经畜肉、蛋类和牛奶摄入PFOA和PFOS的暴露量分别为23.62ng/(kg·week)(约4倍TWIPFOA)和2.8 ng/(kg·week)(21.5%TWIPFOS[24]。相反,湖北省的研究结果显示,居民经三类动物源性食品摄入PFOS对人群健康有一定风险,但PFOA对人群无健康风险[27]。希腊人群经三类动物源性食品摄入PFOA 0.56~14.28 ng/(kg·week)和PFOS 2.94~15.47 ng/(kg·week),波兰人群相应的暴露量为PFOA 0.131 6 ng/(kg·week),PFOS 1.179 5 ng/(kg·week)[28-29]。以上研究结果均与本研究中重庆人群的PFOA和PFOS暴露量有差别,其原因是不同国家和地区的PFAS污染特征分布、水平和人群食物消费习惯有差异。
本研究调查了重庆市三类动物源性食品中PFAS污染水平,并依据《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》估计了2022年重庆市居民三类动物源性食物消费量,基于以上数据估计了重庆市不同地区、年龄和性别人群经三类动物源性食品摄入23种PFAS的暴露量。首先,由于本研究中的食物消费量数据非实际调查而是根据近十年前的数据估计得到的,可能与实际的消费量水平有所差异;第二,本研究中调查的畜肉仅为鲜肉,蛋类仅为鲜蛋,乳类仅为液态乳,不包括畜肉制品、蛋类制品、乳粉及其他乳制品,也未对其他肉类如禽肉及其制品进行调查;第三,多项研究指出,水产品和蔬菜水果均是人群膳食暴露的重要来源,并且人体经饮水也会摄入PFAS,而本研究缺乏此类数据进行膳食暴露评估[30-32];最后,本研究调查的三类动物源性食品均未经过烹调,烹调炊具和盛装餐具均可能迁移PFAS至食品中,烹调方式的选择也可能影响食物中PFAS的含量[33-34]。因此,本研究还存在一定的不确定性,建议未来调查更全面和准确的数据以进行更深入的风险评估。
本研究对重庆市三类动物源性食品中23种PFAS的污染水平调查结果发现蛋类的PFAS检出率最高,PFOA和PFOS在蛋类和畜肉中均有不同程度的检出,PFBA是三类动物源性食品的主要PFAS。结合食物消费量数据,估计出重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的总PFAS暴露量随年龄增加而降低,城市人群高于农村人群。根据EFSA提出的TWI,重庆市3岁以上人群经食用三类动物源性食品的PFOA、PFOS和Σ4PFASs平均暴露量均未超出相应TWI。但在三类动物源性食品PFAS的P95污染水平下,3~5岁和6~11岁幼童的Σ4PFASs超过TWI,表明该年龄段人群仍有一定健康风险。
  • 2023年重庆市公共卫生重点专科(学科)建设项目(渝卫办发〔2023〕81号)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Kurwadkar S, Dane J, Kanel SR, et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 809: 151003.
[2]
Ojo AF, Peng C, Ng JC. Assessing the human health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A need for greater focus on their interactions as mixtures[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 407: 124863.
[3]
Zhou YR, Zhou ZY, Lian YJ, et al. Source, transportation, bioaccumulation, distribution and food risk assessment of perfluorinated alkyl substances in vegetables: A review[J]. Food Chemistry, 2021, 349: 129137.
[4]
Aßhoff N, Bernsmann T, Esselen M, et al. A sensitive method for the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in food and food contact material using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography a, 2024, 1730: 465041.
[5]
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Outcome of a public consultation on the draft risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in food[J]. EFSA Supporting Publications, 2020, 17: 1-202.
[6]
Surma M, Sznajder-Katarzynska K, Wiczkowski W, et al. Detection of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in high-protein food products[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 2589-2598.
[7]
国家卫健委疾病预防控制局.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2021.
The Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission. Report on nutrition and chronic disease conditions of Chinese residents (2020)[M]. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2021. (In Chinese)
[8]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2016[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2016. (In Chinese)
[9]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2017. (In Chinese)
[10]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2018[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. ChinaStatistical Yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018. (In Chinese)
[11]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2019[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2019.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2019[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2019. (In Chinese)
[12]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2020[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2020.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2020[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2020. (In Chinese)
[13]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2021[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2021.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2021[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021. (In Chinese)
[14]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2022[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2022.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2022[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2022. (In Chinese)
[15]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2023[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2023.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2023[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2023. (In Chinese)
[16]
国家国民体质监测中心.第五次国民体质监测公报[EB/OL].[2025-01-15]. https://www.sport.gov.cn:8443/n315/n329/c24335066/content.html.
National National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center. The fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin[EB/OL]. [2025-01-15]. https://www.sport.gov.cn:8443/n315/n329/c24335066/content.html. (In Chinese)
[17]
重庆市卫生健康委员会.重庆市2022年度居民健康状况报告[EB/OL].[2025-01-10]. https://wsjkw.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_242/wsjklymsxx/jkfw_266458/gzxx_266460/202312/W020231205622720728527.pdf.
Chongqing Municipal Health Commission. Chongqing municipality 2022 annual resident health status report[EB/OL]. [2025-01-10]. https://wsjkw.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_242/wsjklymsxx/jkfw_266458/gzxx_266460/202312/W020231205622720728527.pdf. (In Chinese)
[18]
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Knutsen HK, Alexander J, et al. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food[J]. EFSA Journal, 2018, 16(12): e05194.
[19]
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (EFSA CONTAM Panel), Schrenk D, Bignami M, et al. Scientific opinion on the risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food[J]. EFSA Journal, 2020, 18(9): 6223-6614.
[20]
GEMS/Food-EURO. Second workshop on reliable evaluation of low-level contamination of food: report on a workshop in the frame of GEMS/food-EURO[EB/OL]. [2025-01-10]. https://toolbox.foodcomp.info/References/LOD/GEMS-Food-EURO%20%20-%20%20Reliable%20Evaluation%20of%20Low-Level%20Contamination%20of%20Food.pdf.
[21]
Hlouskova V, Hradkova P, Poustka J, et al. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various food items of animal origin collected in four European countries[J]. Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2013, 30(11): 1918-1932.
[22]
张思维.兰州市售畜肉及其副产品中PFCs污染情况调查与健康风险评估[D].兰州市:甘肃中医药大学,2024.
Zhang SW. Investigation and health risk assessment of PFCs pollution in livestock meat and its by-products sold in Lanzhou[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 2024. (In Chinese)
[23]
王冬根,袁丽娟,张莉,等.江西省畜禽产品中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸污染情况调查与分析[J].食品科学2016, 37(4): 216-221.
Wang DG, Yuan LJ, Zhang L, et al. Survey and analysis of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) pollution in livestock and poultry products from Jiangxi province[J]. Food Science, 2016, 37(4): 216-221. (In Chinese)
[24]
刘逸飞,李阳,赵楠楠,等.北京市售动物源性食品中全氟化合物赋存及居民摄入风险评估[J].环境化学2021, 40(11): 3360-3367.
Liu YF, Li Y, Zhao NN, et al. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived food in Beijing and risk assessment of residents’ intake[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, 40(11): 3360-3367. (In Chinese)
[25]
刘晓湾,张鸿,李静,等.中国沿海地区鸡蛋中全氟化合物污染水平及分布[J].食品科学2016, 37(4): 191-196.
Liu XW, Zhang H, Li J, et al. Investigation of contamination levels of perfluorinated compounds in Eggs from nine coastal provinces of China[J]. Food Science, 2016, 37(4): 191-196. (In Chinese)
[26]
方淑红,彭光垣,印红玲,等.成都饮食中全氟化合物的污染特征及健康风险评估[J].环境科学学报2019, 39(5): 1708-1716.
Fang SH, Peng GY, Yin HL, et al. Pollution characteristics and human health risk of perfluoroalkyl substance exposure through the diet in Chengdu City[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019, 39(5): 1708-1716. (In Chinese)
[27]
张恣意,曹文成,周妍,等.湖北某典型地区动物源食品中全氟及多氟烷基化合物的污染现状和膳食暴露评估[J].食品工业科技2021, 42(20): 214-222.
Zhang ZY, Cao WC, Zhou Y, et al. Pollution status and dietary exposure assessments of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal food from a typical area in Hubei province[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2021, 42(20): 214-222. (In Chinese)
[28]
Noorlander CW, Van leeuwen SPJ, Te biesebeek JD, et al. Levels of perfluorinated compounds in food and dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA in the Netherlands[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(13): 7496-7505.
[29]
Kedikoglou K, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, et al. Preliminary assessment of general population exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances through diet in Greece[J]. Environmental Research, 2019, 177: 108617.
[30]
Torres FG, De-La-torre GE. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumable species and food products[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2023, 60(9): 2319-2336.
[31]
高雪嫣.我国居民全氟及多氟化合物的暴露评估[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学,2020.
Gao XY. Exposure assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese residents[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan Polytechnic University, 2020. (In Chinese)
[32]
张茜,王珺冀,林枧在,等.水体和四类食品中全氟化合物污染水平及健康风险评估[J].微量元素与健康研究2024, 41(3): 45-47.
Zhang Q, Wang JJ, Lin JZ, et al. Perluorinated compound contamination levels and health risk assessment in water and four categories of food[J]. Studies of Trace Elements and Health, 2024, 41(3): 45-47. (In Chinese)
[33]
焦文清.食品接触材料及食品中全氟化合物的污染特征及风险评估[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2024.
Jiao WQ. Contamination characteristics and risk assessment of food contact materials and perfluorinated compounds in food[D]. Yangling: Northwest A and F University, 2024. (In Chinese)
[34]
Sun QP, Zhang JE, Wang TY, et al. Cooking methods effectively alter perfluoroalkyl substances and nutrients in cultured and wild bullfrogs[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, 445: 130555.
2025年第52卷第6期
PDF下载
59
24
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439
  • 接收时间:2024-10-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28
基金
2023年重庆市公共卫生重点专科(学科)建设项目(渝卫办发〔2023〕81号)
作者信息
    重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707

通讯作者:

唐晓琴,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410439
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏