Article(id=1241022942583247195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412217, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812526603, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812526603, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812526603, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812526603, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022939957621542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812525976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815469296, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=977, endPage=982, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022943321444702, articleId=1241022942583247195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis and prediction of IBD disease burden in China, 1990-2021, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the current status and development trends of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in China, providing decision support for policy adjustments by government and health departments.

Methods

Data extraction from the 2024 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database was conducted for indicators related to the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of IBD in China. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the Annual Percent Change (APC) and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). Additionally, an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) was employed to forecast disease characteristics from 2022 to 2031.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the number of prevalent cases, incident cases, and deaths from IBD in China, as well as the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) showed an upward trend. By 2021, these figures stood at 168077 prevalent cases, 24 941 new cases, and 5 640 deaths, with ASPR and ASIR reaching 9.16 per 100 000 people and 1.4 per 100 000 people, respectively, representing a significant increase compared to 1990 levels. Meanwhile, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) exhibited a downward trend, standing at 0.33 per 100 000 people and 7.68 per 100 000 person-years in 2021, with notable differences observed across age groups and genders. The ARIMA model predicted that by 2031, the ASPR, ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR would decrease compared to 2021 levels, projecting figures of 5.23 per 100 000 people, 1.20 per 100 000 people, 0.21 per 100 000 people, and 5.41 per 100 000 person-years, respectively.

Conclusion

Currently, the incidence and prevalence of IBD in China are on the rise. Although this trend may change over the next decade, given China’s large population base and demographic structure, it is essential to strengthen primary and secondary prevention efforts among key populations, particularly males and the elderly.

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目的

评估我国炎症性肠病( Inflammatory Bowel Disease,IBD)的现状及其发展趋势,为政府和卫生部门调整防治策略提供决策支持。

方法

提取2024年GBD数据库中关于中国IBD的发病、患病、死亡、伤残调整生命年(Disability-Adjusted Life Years ,DALYs)相关指标,运用joinpoint计算年度变化百分比(Annual Percentage Change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(Average Annual Percentage Change,AAPC);运用自回归移动平均模型(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model,ARIMA)对2022—2031年疾病特征进行预测。

结果

1990—2021年中国IBD的患病人数、发病人数、死亡人数、年龄标化患病率(Age-standardized Prevalence,ASPR)、年龄标化发病率(Age-standardized Incidence,ASIR)呈上升趋势,2021年分别为168 077例、24 941例、5 640例、9.16/10万人、1.4/10万人,较1990年增幅显著。年龄标化死亡率(Age-Standardized Mortality Rate,ASMR)和年龄标化DALYs(Age-standardized DALY Rate,ASDR)呈下降趋势,2021年分别为0.33/10万人、7.68/10万人年,且具有明显的年龄和性别差异。ARIMA模型预测2031年ASPR、ASIR、ASMR、ASDR将较2021年下降,分别为5.23/10万人、1.20/10万人、0.21/10万人、5.41/10万人年。

结论

当前中国IBD的发病率、患病率呈现上升趋势,尽管未来十年这种趋势可能出现转变,但结合中国庞大的人口基数和社会人口年龄结构,我们仍应加强男性及老年重点人群的一、二级预防。

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石荣,E-mail:
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刘慧敏(1997—),女,博士在读,研究方向:中医外科-肛肠病学

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刘慧敏(1997—),女,博士在读,研究方向:中医外科-肛肠病学

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注:图A为死亡人数、B为患病人数、C为发病人数、D为死亡率、E为患病率、F为发病率(死亡率、患病率、发病率(率单位:1/10万))。

, figureFileSmall=07oA/oazCLnUeLmexEhXLQ==, figureFileBig=eJqs/7BGbyMeqTnFPQWQvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022949667426874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=IBD disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=4mfklgFeZ+ps1WnJOpLEGA==, figureFileBig=ewKyFHRJcOBA07Zt2iEp7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022951173182023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990~2021年中国IBD疾病负担情况

注:A为患病人数及标化率;B为发病人数及标化率;C为死亡人数和标化率;D为伤残调整生命年及标化率(率单位:1/10万)。

, figureFileSmall=4mfklgFeZ+ps1WnJOpLEGA==, figureFileBig=ewKyFHRJcOBA07Zt2iEp7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022951286428240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Joinpoint analysis of IBD disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=4n3mfUpEfwgVliLktAdr4Q==, figureFileBig=JyGJ9ph0eeaDWbvWs4hRuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022951391285847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1990—2021年中国IBD疾病负担joinpoint分析

注:图A、B、C、D分别为年龄标准化患病率、发病率、死亡率、伤残调整生命年(单位:%)。

, figureFileSmall=4n3mfUpEfwgVliLktAdr4Q==, figureFileBig=JyGJ9ph0eeaDWbvWs4hRuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022951491949155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Predicted IBD disease burden in China from 2022 to 2031, figureFileSmall=uxcVmlDO4U8++PHdBca7dg==, figureFileBig=qE6Xaa4geC8x1YQRjobdDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022951638749805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2022—2031年中国IBD疾病负担预测情况

注:图A、B、C分别为总体、女性、男性ASPR;D、E、F分别为总体、女性、男性ASIR;G、H、I分别为总体、女性、男性ASMR;J、K、L分别为总体、女性、男性ASDR(单位:1/10万)。

, figureFileSmall=uxcVmlDO4U8++PHdBca7dg==, figureFileBig=qE6Xaa4geC8x1YQRjobdDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022951735218806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

IBD disease burden in China in 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标全年龄数量(例/人年)年龄标化率(1/10万)
总体男性女性总体男性女性
死亡5 640
(4 395~7 497)
3 159
(2 386~4 432)
2 482
(1 574~4 287)
0.33
(0.25~0.44)
0.44
(0.34~0.59)
0.25
(0.16~0.43)
发病24 941
(21 583~29 821)
12 547
(10 816~15 101)
12 394
(10 718~14 824)
1.4
(1.21~1.68)
1.39
(1.2~1.68)
1.41
(1.21~1.69)
患病168 077
(141 521~201 684)
82 062
(69 530~98 925)
86 015
(72 898~102 824)
9.16
(7.8~11.01)
8.87
(7.55~10.66)
9.47
(8.05~11.39)
伤残调整生命年136 932
(109 830~171 866)
78 692
(61 847~103 952)
58 241
(41 185~89 972)
7.68
(6.2~9.57)
9.46
(7.54~12.56)
6.23
(4.38~9.44)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022951856853634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2021年中国IBD疾病负担情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标全年龄数量(例/人年)年龄标化率(1/10万)
总体男性女性总体男性女性
死亡5 640
(4 395~7 497)
3 159
(2 386~4 432)
2 482
(1 574~4 287)
0.33
(0.25~0.44)
0.44
(0.34~0.59)
0.25
(0.16~0.43)
发病24 941
(21 583~29 821)
12 547
(10 816~15 101)
12 394
(10 718~14 824)
1.4
(1.21~1.68)
1.39
(1.2~1.68)
1.41
(1.21~1.69)
患病168 077
(141 521~201 684)
82 062
(69 530~98 925)
86 015
(72 898~102 824)
9.16
(7.8~11.01)
8.87
(7.55~10.66)
9.47
(8.05~11.39)
伤残调整生命年136 932
(109 830~171 866)
78 692
(61 847~103 952)
58 241
(41 185~89 972)
7.68
(6.2~9.57)
9.46
(7.54~12.56)
6.23
(4.38~9.44)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022951974294154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

AAPC (95% CI, %) of IBD in China from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标(95% CI,%)总体女性男性
年龄标准化患病率1.62(1.10~2.14)1.55(1.02~2.08)1.68(1.18~2.19)
年龄标准化发病率2.09(1.46~2.72)2.10(1.40~2.80)2.09(1.51~2.67)
年龄标准化死亡率-2.65(-2.79~-2.50)-3.45(-3.60~-3.31)-1.81(-2.06~-1.56)
年龄标准化DALYs-2.86(-3.05~-2.67)-3.67(-3.89~-3.45)-2.08(-2.26~-1.90)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022952074957458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942583247195, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年中国IBD AAPC(95% CI,%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标(95% CI,%)总体女性男性
年龄标准化患病率1.62(1.10~2.14)1.55(1.02~2.08)1.68(1.18~2.19)
年龄标准化发病率2.09(1.46~2.72)2.10(1.40~2.80)2.09(1.51~2.67)
年龄标准化死亡率-2.65(-2.79~-2.50)-3.45(-3.60~-3.31)-1.81(-2.06~-1.56)
年龄标准化DALYs-2.86(-3.05~-2.67)-3.67(-3.89~-3.45)-2.08(-2.26~-1.90)
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1990—2021中国炎症性肠病疾病负担分析及预测研究
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刘慧敏 , 王菁 , 汪昭楚 , 卢敏圆 , 石荣
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(6): 977-982
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(6): 977-982
1990—2021中国炎症性肠病疾病负担分析及预测研究
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刘慧敏, 王菁, 汪昭楚, 卢敏圆, 石荣
作者信息
  • 福建中医药大学附属人民医院,福建 福州 350004
  • 刘慧敏(1997—),女,博士在读,研究方向:中医外科-肛肠病学

通讯作者:

石荣,E-mail:
Analysis and prediction of IBD disease burden in China, 1990-2021
Hui-min LIU, Jing WANG, Zhao-chu WANG, Min-yuan LU, Rong SHI
Affiliations
  • Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412217
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目的

评估我国炎症性肠病( Inflammatory Bowel Disease,IBD)的现状及其发展趋势,为政府和卫生部门调整防治策略提供决策支持。

方法

提取2024年GBD数据库中关于中国IBD的发病、患病、死亡、伤残调整生命年(Disability-Adjusted Life Years ,DALYs)相关指标,运用joinpoint计算年度变化百分比(Annual Percentage Change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(Average Annual Percentage Change,AAPC);运用自回归移动平均模型(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model,ARIMA)对2022—2031年疾病特征进行预测。

结果

1990—2021年中国IBD的患病人数、发病人数、死亡人数、年龄标化患病率(Age-standardized Prevalence,ASPR)、年龄标化发病率(Age-standardized Incidence,ASIR)呈上升趋势,2021年分别为168 077例、24 941例、5 640例、9.16/10万人、1.4/10万人,较1990年增幅显著。年龄标化死亡率(Age-Standardized Mortality Rate,ASMR)和年龄标化DALYs(Age-standardized DALY Rate,ASDR)呈下降趋势,2021年分别为0.33/10万人、7.68/10万人年,且具有明显的年龄和性别差异。ARIMA模型预测2031年ASPR、ASIR、ASMR、ASDR将较2021年下降,分别为5.23/10万人、1.20/10万人、0.21/10万人、5.41/10万人年。

结论

当前中国IBD的发病率、患病率呈现上升趋势,尽管未来十年这种趋势可能出现转变,但结合中国庞大的人口基数和社会人口年龄结构,我们仍应加强男性及老年重点人群的一、二级预防。

炎症性肠病  /  中国  /  健康威胁  /  疾病负担  /  预测分析
Objective

To evaluate the current status and development trends of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in China, providing decision support for policy adjustments by government and health departments.

Methods

Data extraction from the 2024 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database was conducted for indicators related to the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of IBD in China. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the Annual Percent Change (APC) and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). Additionally, an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) was employed to forecast disease characteristics from 2022 to 2031.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the number of prevalent cases, incident cases, and deaths from IBD in China, as well as the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) showed an upward trend. By 2021, these figures stood at 168077 prevalent cases, 24 941 new cases, and 5 640 deaths, with ASPR and ASIR reaching 9.16 per 100 000 people and 1.4 per 100 000 people, respectively, representing a significant increase compared to 1990 levels. Meanwhile, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) exhibited a downward trend, standing at 0.33 per 100 000 people and 7.68 per 100 000 person-years in 2021, with notable differences observed across age groups and genders. The ARIMA model predicted that by 2031, the ASPR, ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR would decrease compared to 2021 levels, projecting figures of 5.23 per 100 000 people, 1.20 per 100 000 people, 0.21 per 100 000 people, and 5.41 per 100 000 person-years, respectively.

Conclusion

Currently, the incidence and prevalence of IBD in China are on the rise. Although this trend may change over the next decade, given China’s large population base and demographic structure, it is essential to strengthen primary and secondary prevention efforts among key populations, particularly males and the elderly.

Inflammatory bowel disease  /  China  /  Health threat  /  Disease burden  /  Predictive analysis
刘慧敏, 王菁, 汪昭楚, 卢敏圆, 石荣. 1990—2021中国炎症性肠病疾病负担分析及预测研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (6) : 977 -982 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412217
Hui-min LIU, Jing WANG, Zhao-chu WANG, Min-yuan LU, Rong SHI. Analysis and prediction of IBD disease burden in China, 1990-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (6) : 977 -982 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412217
炎症性肠病( Inflammatory Bowel Disease,IBD)是一种肠道反复发作慢性炎症为特点的疾病,主要包括克罗恩病(Crohn’s Disease ,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis ,UC)。目前该病的机制尚不明确,通常认为与环境、遗传易感性、免疫紊乱有关[1]。经济全球化带来的人口迁移及发展中国家工业化程度不断提高使得IBD的发病率在全球范围不断上升,尤其是亚洲地区[2-3]。IBD患者的年均医疗成本为非IBD患者的3倍以上,且患结肠癌的风险远高于正常人,在患病后10年、20年、30年后患结肠癌几率分别达到2%、8%、18%[4-5]
进入21世纪,中国社会经济高速发展,工业化程度进一步提高,社会西化特征更加显著——城市化程度提高、环境更加卫生、饮食习惯向低膳食纤维高肉类饮食转变、超加工食品的普及等诸多因素导致中国的IBD发病率不断上升[6]。基于中国庞大的人口基数及人口结构向老龄化转变的社会现状,IBD对患者生活质量和医疗资源的影响愈加显著,该疾病不仅显著降低患者的生理和心理健康水平,还给医疗系统带来了长期而沉重的负担,该疾病已成为中国公共健康领域亟待解决的重要慢性病之一。加强IBD的早期诊断、科学管理及制定有效干预策略已成为应对这一公共健康挑战的关键。目前,针对中国IBD流行病学的研究仍较为有限,现有文献主要集中于描述性统计,对疾病未来发展趋势的系统预测研究尚属空白。因此,本研究基于全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,GBD 2021)提供的最新数据,分析了1990~2021年中国IBD疾病负担的特征和变化趋势,并利用ARIMA模型预测未来10年中国IBD的流行趋势,为我国IBD的疾病管理和制定疾病防控策略提供理论依据。
本研究所涉及的所有数据均来源于GBD 2021数据库(http://ghdx.healt hdata.org)。该数据库提供了204个国家和地区的369种疾病和87种可归因风险因素的流行病学数据[7-8]。本研究提取了该数据库中关于中国1990-2021年IBD相关的不同年龄阶段总体、男性、女性的患病、发病、死亡、DALYs相关数据进行统计分析及预测。
用患病人数、发病人数、死亡人数及年龄标化患病率(Age-standardized Prevalence,ASPR)、年龄标化发病率(Age-standardized Incidence,ASIR)、年龄标化死亡率(Age-Standardized Mortality Rate,ASMR)反应疾病流行情况;用伤残调整生命年(Disability-Adjusted Life Years ,DALYs)及年龄标化DALYs率(Age-standardized DALY Rate,ASDR)反应疾病负担。并对上述数据用joinpoint软件进行拐点分析,计算其在1990-2021年间的年度变化百分比(Annual Percentage Change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(Average Annual Percentage Change,AAPC),采用置换检验(Permutation Test)评估并确定具有统计学意义的连接点数量,精确定位这些连接点在时间序列中的位置,并计算出每个连接点的P值。将APC、AAPC值与0对比,大于0表示上升趋势,小于0表示下降趋势[9],检验水准α=0.05。
本研究使用自回归积分滑动平均(ARIMA)模型对2022~2031年的中国IBD总体、男性、女性ASPR、ASIR、ASMR、ASDR进行预测。ARIMA模型常用于分析时间序列数据的变化趋势,能够有效预测发病率的未来变化。用R 4.3.3中的ARIMA包进行预测。
2021年,中国IBD总患病人数为168 077例,新增患病人数24 941例。ASIR、ASPR、ASMR和ASDR分别为1.4/10万人 、9.16/10万人,0.33/10万人,7.68/10万人年。男性的死亡人数、发病人数、DALYs、ASMR、ASDR均大于女性,见表1
图1的数据可以看出,IBD造成的死亡人数和死亡率随年龄增加逐渐上升,在65岁以上人群中显著增多,80岁以上人群死亡人数及死亡率达到峰值,且各个年龄阶段男性的死亡人数及死亡率均较女性高。发病人数和发病率与年龄增加呈正相关关系,50~54岁达到最高峰后逐渐降低,45~59岁是发病人数最多的年龄阶段。患病人数和患病率随着年龄增长逐渐增加,其中患病人数在50~54岁达到峰值后逐渐下降,45~59岁是患病人数最多的年龄阶段,患病率在60~64岁达到峰值 ,随后逐渐下降,所有年龄段女性的患病率均高于男性。
通过图2图3表2可以看出:
1990~2021年我国IBD患病人数及ASPR呈上升趋势,患病人数从1990年的62 098人增长到2021年的168 077人,增幅达到了170.66%。ASPR从1990年的5.60/10万到2021年的9.16/10万,增幅达63.57%,AAPC=1.62%,2006—2009年增速最快,APC达11.26%。32年间,女性的患病人数及ASPR均高于男性,但男性的增长速度高于女性(AAPC:1.68% VS 1.55 %)。
1990—2021年我国IBD发病人数及ASIR整体呈上升趋势。32年间,IBD的发病人数从8 316人增加到24 941人,增幅达199.92%。ASIR从0.74/10万人增加到1.40/10万人,增幅达89.19%,AAPC=2.09%,其中2006—2009年增速最快,APC达10.55% 。1990—2021年间男性发病人数均略高于女性、ASIR整体差距不大。
1990—2021年我国IBD死亡人数呈波动上升趋势, ASMR呈下降趋势。死亡人数从4 411增至5 640人,增幅为27.86%。ASMR从0.75/10万人降至0.33/10人,下降幅度达56%,AAPC=-2.65%。2001年以后男性死亡人数逐渐超过女性,32年间男性ASMR始终高于女性,男性和女性的ASMR均呈下降趋势,且女性下降幅度较男性更显著(AAPC:-3.45% VS -1.81%)。
1990—2021年我国IBD DALYs和ASDR总体呈下降趋势,DALYs从1990年162 185人年降至136 932人年,下降幅度为15.57%。ASDR从18.38/10万人年降至7.68/10万人年,下降幅度达58.21%,AAPC=-2.86%。1995之后男性DALYs和ASDR超过女性,且女性的下降幅度较男性更加明显(AAPC:-3.67% VS -2.08%)。
根据ARIMA疾病模型预测结果显示,2022—2031年我国的IBD总体、女性、男性ASPR、ASIR、ASMR、ASDR均呈下降趋势,预计2031年总人数分别为5.23/10万人、1.20/10万人、0.21/10万人、5.41/10万人年,较2021年分别下降43.0% 、14.3%、36.4%、29.6%。见图4
IBD在世界范围的疾病负担不断增加,尤其在新兴工业化国家和发展中国家[10]。本研究对中国过去32年的IBD疾病流行特点和疾病负担情况做出了分析,并对后10年的疾病情况进行了预测。2024年更新的GBD数据库与2021年GBD数据库在相同指标上具有一定出入,以1990年的总体ASIR为例,两版数据库数值分别为0.74/10万人、1.47/10万人[11]。这种变化可能是由于数据源更新、采用更精细的算法或模型或年龄标化标准调整等因素,这种变化使得GBD数据库的历史数据更接近真实情况,因此使用更新后的数据资料对疾病进行再分析可以更准确的把握疾病流行趋势,提升疾病负担的测量精确度,也为科学家和政策制定者提供了更可靠的依据。
1990~2021年间,我国IBD患病人数、ASPR、发病人数、死亡人数、ASIR上升,ASMR、ASDR下降的特点。这可能与经济发展带来的社会环境、生活习惯变化和我国医疗卫生体系不断完善、诊疗水平和诊疗技术不断提高有一定关系[12]。过去三十余年来,国人饮食结构发生了较大变化,其中谷类食物摄入量从71.3%降低为54.2%,肉食摄入量从7.9%增加到15.3%,热能性食物摄入量从7.7%增加到16.7%[13],研究证实,低膳食纤维、高脂肪、高糖和深加工食品摄入增加与IBD的发生具有重要关系[14];生活习惯的改变,如吸烟增加、母乳喂养减少、抗生素广泛接触等均为诱发IBD的危险因素。饮食和生活习惯变化可导致IBD的真实发病率上升。政府出台相关政策,加强公共卫生体系建设、优化医疗服务供给结构,使得医疗保健可及性和质量指数较前改善[15];内窥镜技术的普及和人民健康意识的提高;互联网技术与医疗领域的结合改变了既往的流行疾病监测方式,使之更加高效和完备;这些因素使得IBD的早期检出率及诊断率得到大幅提升。中国的 ASMR、ASDR与全球表现出相同的下降趋势,这很可能与治疗策略改进、早期诊断率和早期干预率提高有关,如疾病早期生物制剂的应用[16]
从性别来看,女性患病率总体高于男性,但男性患病率增长速度较女性快,未来男女患病率差距可能会进一步缩小;男性的ASMR、ASDR均超过女性,表明男性较女性面临更重的疾病负担。这种现象可能与性别带来的生理、生活习惯、健康行为差异有关[17]。不同性别间荷尔蒙变化、遗传差异、器官功能等生物学差异可能会影响药物的代谢方式以及身体对治疗的反应[18],男女间的激素水平差异,使得女性在细胞和体液免疫反应上通常比男性更为强烈,这也意味着女性患上自身免疫性疾病的风险更高[19]。健康行为上,我国男性吸烟率比女性高出约50%[20]而吸烟已被明确认定为IBD的风险因素之一[6]。这些因素可能是IBD流行病学特征出现性别差异的因素之一。
从年龄来看,IBD造成的死亡人数和死亡率随年龄增加而增加,并且在65岁以上人群中显著增多,80岁以上人群达到高峰,中年人群的IBD发病人数、患病人数和发病率较高。这可能与该年龄阶段人口基数和社会压力较大、医疗可及性和健康意识较高有关。该群体作为经济核心群体,其IBD高负担会对社会和家庭产生较大影响,应侧重关注该群体社会压力和生活习惯,通过健康教育和早期筛查降低疾病风险;对65岁以上尤其是80岁以上人群,应加强疾病管理和医疗保障,减少死亡风险,并结合老年患者生理特点定制个体化干预方案。强化男性的早期干预和健康教育,鼓励戒烟和健康生活方式,以降低病情加重风险;针对女性较高的患病率,应加强健康教育、优化早期筛查,并强化个性化治疗和长期管理。
中国IBD的发病率和患病率呈上升趋势,而死亡率持续下降,表明疾病的慢性化特征愈加显著。患者生存时间延长,意味着更多人需要长期疾病管理和治疗。根据IBD的流行过程的四个阶段来看:出现、发病加速、复合流行和流行平衡[21],中国正处于发病加速阶段,仍面临着较大的疾病负担。尽管ARIMA预测往后十年IBD的疾病负担情况呈下降趋势,但结合中国庞大的人口基数及逐步步入老龄化社会的现状来看,IBD仍是中国亟待解决的重大社会健康问题。针对这一现状,我们应进一步在IBD的预防、早期诊断、治疗和疾病长期管理方面需要投入更多的关注和和精力。有相关研究表明,IBD 的早期诊断和治疗对降低结肠切除、结直肠癌风险具有重要意义[10]。未来应进一步加强初级保健在IBD中的干预地位,加强公共健康干预措施,提高全民对IBD的认识,加强慢性病的早期筛查,通过政策支持和医疗资源的合理分配,进一步减轻IBD的疾病负担。
本研究存在一定的不足,仅仅针对了中国整体的疾病流行趋势及负担进行分析,没有对中国各个省市的疾病情况进行深入探讨;由于数据库的原因,无法对UC和CD进行单病种的流行病学分析和比较。
  • 福建省中医肛肠与肛周创面修复临床医学研究中心(闽科社2022Y2011)
  • 国医大师陈民藩传承工作室建设项目(国中医药办人教函 [2022] 245号)
  • 石荣福建省名中医传承工作室建设项目(闽卫中医函 [2023] 697号)
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2025年第52卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412217
  • 接收时间:2024-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12
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福建省中医肛肠与肛周创面修复临床医学研究中心(闽科社2022Y2011)
国医大师陈民藩传承工作室建设项目(国中医药办人教函 [2022] 245号)
石荣福建省名中医传承工作室建设项目(闽卫中医函 [2023] 697号)
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    福建中医药大学附属人民医院,福建 福州 350004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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