Article(id=1241022942478398257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409340, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726675200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812526578, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812526578, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812526578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812526578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022939957621542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812525976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815469296, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1031, endPage=1036, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022942906217270, articleId=1241022942478398257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between unhealthy lifestyles and hypertension, and the mediating effects of TyG and TG/HDL-C among employed adults, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mediating effects and critical influences of triglyceride glucose (TyG) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) indices on the association of unhealthy lifestyle and hypertension in an occupational population, and to provide a scientific basis for hypertension in occupational populations.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was employed based on data from the Southwest Occupational Population Cohort. Unhealthy lifestyle was assessed based on scoring for smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy dietary patterns, low physical activity, and abnormal BMI. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the unhealthy lifestyle score and hypertension. Causal mediation analysis was employed to estimate the mediating effects of TyG and TG/HDL-C. Additionally, network analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between among unhealthy lifestyle, TyG, TG/HDL-C, and hypertension.

Results

A total of 24 545 study participants were included, with an average age of (37.37±10.60) years. Regression analysis revealed that the risk of hypertension increased with the number of unhealthy lifestyle factors. Compared with those with no unhealthy lifestyle factors, individuals with all five unhealthy lifestyle factors simultaneously had a 3.06-fold risk of developing hypertension (95% CI: 2.54-3.69). Mediation analysis indicated that TyG and TG/HDL-C mediated 34.25% and 6.64% of the effects, respectively, linking unhealthy lifestyle and hypertension. Among them, TyG emerged as the primary mediating factor and exhibited the highest bridge strength centrality in the network constructed for unhealthy lifestyle, TyG, TG/HDL-C, and hypertension.

Conclusion

Unhealthy lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension and shows a cumulative effect, and TyG is an important mediator and a key node in the network, suggesting that interventions should be carried out to target unhealthy lifestyle and TyG, which may contribute to hypertension prevention.

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目的

探讨职业人群中甘油三酯葡萄糖指数(Triglyceride glucose,TyG)和甘油三脂/高密度脂蛋白指数(Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,TG/HDL-C)在不健康生活方式与高血压关联的中介效应及关键影响因素,为职业人群的高血压提供科学依据。

方法

采用横断面调查研究设计,基于西南地区职业人群队列研究数据。不健康生活方式根据吸烟、饮酒、不健康膳食模式、低体力活动和BMI异常进行评分。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不健康生活方式评分与高血压的关联,通过因果中介分析估计TyG和TG/HDL-C中介效应,并采用网络分析探索不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C与高血压之间的相互关联。

结果

共纳入24 545名研究对象,平均年龄为(37.37±10.60)岁,回归分析发现,高血压风险随不健康生活方式的数量而增加,与没有不健康生活方式者相比,同时具有5种不健康生活方式者,患高血压风险是3.06倍 (95% CI:2.54~3.69)。中介分析发现,TyG和TG/HDL-C介导了不健康生活方式与高血压的34.25%、6.64%的效应,其中TyG为主要的中介因素,也是不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C和高血压所构建的网络中桥强度中心性最高的中介节点。

结论

不健康生活方式与患高血压风险增大有关,并呈现累积效应,其中TyG是主要的中介因素和网络中的关键节点,提示应针对不健康生活方式和TyG开展干预,有助于高血压预防和控制。

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杨淑娟和胡玉麒为共同通信作者。杨淑娟,E-mail:
胡玉麒,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=C0CUV43GkY59KjGiqpC6hA==, magXml=3K5lGH9E9/9tXHKJSHBusw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yNQH5O+DhiOyICmwaJeLGQ==, pdfFileSize=832307, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=EtAGCMzWevdE758oNs+GkA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=eERFJ+bTbftqwycD3eG7cg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘晓丽(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:疾病控制

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刘晓丽(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:疾病控制

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刘晓丽(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:疾病控制

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注:***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=iSQil4STj19DKoLlPCrshQ==, figureFileBig=EtAGCMzWevdE758oNs+GkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022953505223069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Network and bridge strength centrality of unhealthy lifestyles, TyG, TG/HDL-C, and hypertension, figureFileSmall=o3vyHN6QK4unM8zT/yWBpg==, figureFileBig=WJ4JdbBxlHu+c2KR7NPtlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022953601692068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C、高血压的网络和桥强度中心性

注:A:每个节点代表一个变量,每条边代表节点间的关联,边的粗细代表关联的强度;每一个节点外围的圆环代表R2值或CC值,反映该节点能多大程度上被其他节点预测,灰色部分占圆环比例越大,则该节点被预测的程度越大。B:网络各节点的桥强度,将各网络节点按照桥接强度的大小顺序排列。节点中心性前20%的节点作为网络的主要“桥接节点”,在A中使用方框进行标记。

, figureFileSmall=o3vyHN6QK4unM8zT/yWBpg==, figureFileBig=WJ4JdbBxlHu+c2KR7NPtlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241022953714938287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of the study population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总人群(n=24 545)血压正常(n=19 899)高血压(n=4 646)χ2/tP
年龄(岁,37.37±10.6035.60 ±10.0644.94±9.42-60.052<0.001
性别[n(%)]443.701<0.001
21 231(86.5)16 770(84.3)4 461(96.0)
3 314(13.5)3 129(15.7)185(4.0)
民族[n(%)]19.953<0.001
汉族22 896(93.3)18 493(92.9)4 403(94.8)
其他民族1 649(6.7)1 406(7.1)243(5.2)
教育程度[n(%)]1 698.208<0.001
高中及以下7 405(30.2)4 842(24.3)2 563(55.2)
大专及以上17 140(69.8)15 057(75.7)2 083(44.8)
婚姻状况[n(%)]413.027<0.001
未婚/离婚/丧偶7 395(30.1)6 568(33.0)827(17.8)
已婚/同居17 150(69.9)13 331(67.0)3 819(82.2)
每月家庭收入(元,[n(%)])1.0470.305
<6 00019 767(80.5)16 000(80.4)3 767(81.1)
≥6 0004 778(19.5)3 899(19.6)879(18.9)
不健康生活方式评分(分,[n(%)])901.321<0.001
02 460(10.0)2 316(11.6)144(3.1)
15 504(22.4)4 859(24.4)645(13.9)
27 691(31.3)6 290(31.6)1 401(30.2)
38 890(36.2)6 434(32.3)2 456(52.9)
中介变量
TyG(8.78±0.698.69±0.669.18±0.71-43.152<0.001
TG/HDL(1.78±3.741.60±2.802.56±6.29-10.192<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953832378811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究人群的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总人群(n=24 545)血压正常(n=19 899)高血压(n=4 646)χ2/tP
年龄(岁,37.37±10.6035.60 ±10.0644.94±9.42-60.052<0.001
性别[n(%)]443.701<0.001
21 231(86.5)16 770(84.3)4 461(96.0)
3 314(13.5)3 129(15.7)185(4.0)
民族[n(%)]19.953<0.001
汉族22 896(93.3)18 493(92.9)4 403(94.8)
其他民族1 649(6.7)1 406(7.1)243(5.2)
教育程度[n(%)]1 698.208<0.001
高中及以下7 405(30.2)4 842(24.3)2 563(55.2)
大专及以上17 140(69.8)15 057(75.7)2 083(44.8)
婚姻状况[n(%)]413.027<0.001
未婚/离婚/丧偶7 395(30.1)6 568(33.0)827(17.8)
已婚/同居17 150(69.9)13 331(67.0)3 819(82.2)
每月家庭收入(元,[n(%)])1.0470.305
<6 00019 767(80.5)16 000(80.4)3 767(81.1)
≥6 0004 778(19.5)3 899(19.6)879(18.9)
不健康生活方式评分(分,[n(%)])901.321<0.001
02 460(10.0)2 316(11.6)144(3.1)
15 504(22.4)4 859(24.4)645(13.9)
27 691(31.3)6 290(31.6)1 401(30.2)
38 890(36.2)6 434(32.3)2 456(52.9)
中介变量
TyG(8.78±0.698.69±0.669.18±0.71-43.152<0.001
TG/HDL(1.78±3.741.60±2.802.56±6.29-10.192<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241022953933042121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Association between unhealthy lifestyles and hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型不健康生活方式评分OR(95% CI)ZP
模型10参照组
12.14(1.78~2.58)7.942<0.001
23.58(3.01~4.30)14.053<0.001
36.14(5.18~7.34)20.367<0.001
模型20参照组
11.63(1.35~1.99)4.923<0.001
22.00(1.66~2.42)7.182<0.001
33.05(2.54~3.69)11.751<0.001
模型30参照组
11.64(1.35~2.00)4.963<0.001
21.99(1.66~2.42)7.164<0.001
33.06(2.54~3.69)11.749<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241022954058871252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不健康生活方式与高血压的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型不健康生活方式评分OR(95% CI)ZP
模型10参照组
12.14(1.78~2.58)7.942<0.001
23.58(3.01~4.30)14.053<0.001
36.14(5.18~7.34)20.367<0.001
模型20参照组
11.63(1.35~1.99)4.923<0.001
22.00(1.66~2.42)7.182<0.001
33.05(2.54~3.69)11.751<0.001
模型30参照组
11.64(1.35~2.00)4.963<0.001
21.99(1.66~2.42)7.164<0.001
33.06(2.54~3.69)11.749<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241022954226643423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variable coding in the logistic regression model

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变量赋值
性别1-男;2-女
年龄连续性变量
民族1-汉族;2-其他民族
教育程度1-高中及以下;2-大专及以上
婚姻状况1-未婚/离婚/丧偶;2-已婚/同居
每月家庭收入1-<6 000;2-≥6 000
), ArticleFig(id=1241022955715621358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022942478398257, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Logistic模型变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别1-男;2-女
年龄连续性变量
民族1-汉族;2-其他民族
教育程度1-高中及以下;2-大专及以上
婚姻状况1-未婚/离婚/丧偶;2-已婚/同居
每月家庭收入1-<6 000;2-≥6 000
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职业人群不健康生活方式与高血压的关联及TyG和TG/HDL-C的中介效应研究
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刘晓丽 1 , 马花 2 , 黄渠 1 , 吴晓莉 1 , 谢红梅 1 , 余彬 2, 3 , 杨波 4 , 胡玉麒 5 , 杨淑娟 2, 6
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025,52(6): 1031-1036
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025, 52(6): 1031-1036
职业人群不健康生活方式与高血压的关联及TyG和TG/HDL-C的中介效应研究
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刘晓丽1, 马花2, 黄渠1, 吴晓莉1, 谢红梅1, 余彬2, 3, 杨波4, 胡玉麒5 , 杨淑娟2, 6
作者信息
  • 1.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司成都疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610081
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
  • 3.四川大学灾后重建与管理学院
  • 4.成都大学附属医院
  • 5.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司社会保险管理部
  • 6.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心
  • 刘晓丽(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:疾病控制

通讯作者:

杨淑娟和胡玉麒为共同通信作者。杨淑娟,E-mail:
胡玉麒,E-mail:
Association between unhealthy lifestyles and hypertension, and the mediating effects of TyG and TG/HDL-C among employed adults
Xiao-li LIU1, Hua MA2, Qu HUANG1, Xiao-li WU1, Hong-mei XIE1, Bin YU2, 3, Bo YANG4, Yu-qi HU5 , Shu-juan YANG2, 6
Affiliations
  • Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409340
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目的

探讨职业人群中甘油三酯葡萄糖指数(Triglyceride glucose,TyG)和甘油三脂/高密度脂蛋白指数(Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,TG/HDL-C)在不健康生活方式与高血压关联的中介效应及关键影响因素,为职业人群的高血压提供科学依据。

方法

采用横断面调查研究设计,基于西南地区职业人群队列研究数据。不健康生活方式根据吸烟、饮酒、不健康膳食模式、低体力活动和BMI异常进行评分。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不健康生活方式评分与高血压的关联,通过因果中介分析估计TyG和TG/HDL-C中介效应,并采用网络分析探索不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C与高血压之间的相互关联。

结果

共纳入24 545名研究对象,平均年龄为(37.37±10.60)岁,回归分析发现,高血压风险随不健康生活方式的数量而增加,与没有不健康生活方式者相比,同时具有5种不健康生活方式者,患高血压风险是3.06倍 (95% CI:2.54~3.69)。中介分析发现,TyG和TG/HDL-C介导了不健康生活方式与高血压的34.25%、6.64%的效应,其中TyG为主要的中介因素,也是不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C和高血压所构建的网络中桥强度中心性最高的中介节点。

结论

不健康生活方式与患高血压风险增大有关,并呈现累积效应,其中TyG是主要的中介因素和网络中的关键节点,提示应针对不健康生活方式和TyG开展干预,有助于高血压预防和控制。

不健康生活方式  /  高血压  /  甘油三酯葡萄糖指数  /  甘油三脂/高密度脂蛋白指数  /  中介分析  /  网络分析
Objective

To investigate the mediating effects and critical influences of triglyceride glucose (TyG) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) indices on the association of unhealthy lifestyle and hypertension in an occupational population, and to provide a scientific basis for hypertension in occupational populations.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was employed based on data from the Southwest Occupational Population Cohort. Unhealthy lifestyle was assessed based on scoring for smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy dietary patterns, low physical activity, and abnormal BMI. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the unhealthy lifestyle score and hypertension. Causal mediation analysis was employed to estimate the mediating effects of TyG and TG/HDL-C. Additionally, network analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between among unhealthy lifestyle, TyG, TG/HDL-C, and hypertension.

Results

A total of 24 545 study participants were included, with an average age of (37.37±10.60) years. Regression analysis revealed that the risk of hypertension increased with the number of unhealthy lifestyle factors. Compared with those with no unhealthy lifestyle factors, individuals with all five unhealthy lifestyle factors simultaneously had a 3.06-fold risk of developing hypertension (95% CI: 2.54-3.69). Mediation analysis indicated that TyG and TG/HDL-C mediated 34.25% and 6.64% of the effects, respectively, linking unhealthy lifestyle and hypertension. Among them, TyG emerged as the primary mediating factor and exhibited the highest bridge strength centrality in the network constructed for unhealthy lifestyle, TyG, TG/HDL-C, and hypertension.

Conclusion

Unhealthy lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension and shows a cumulative effect, and TyG is an important mediator and a key node in the network, suggesting that interventions should be carried out to target unhealthy lifestyle and TyG, which may contribute to hypertension prevention.

Unhealthy lifestyle  /  Hypertension  /  Triglyceride glucose index  /  Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol index  /  Mediator analysis  /  Network analysis
刘晓丽, 马花, 黄渠, 吴晓莉, 谢红梅, 余彬, 杨波, 胡玉麒, 杨淑娟. 职业人群不健康生活方式与高血压的关联及TyG和TG/HDL-C的中介效应研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1031 -1036 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409340
Xiao-li LIU, Hua MA, Qu HUANG, Xiao-li WU, Hong-mei XIE, Bin YU, Bo YANG, Yu-qi HU, Shu-juan YANG. Association between unhealthy lifestyles and hypertension, and the mediating effects of TyG and TG/HDL-C among employed adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1031 -1036 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409340
高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素[1]。职业人群因高强度压力及缺乏运动等不健康生活方式的共同作用更易患高血压。对于一些职业群体如铁路职业人群,由于久坐、吸烟、饮酒等不良生活方式等原因,其高血压患病情况可能更为凸显。不健康生活方式作为可改变的危险因素,其改善能够有效降低血压水平[2-3]。研究发现,甘油三酯葡萄糖(Triglyceride glucose,TyG)指数和甘油三脂/高密度脂蛋白(Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,TG/HDL-C)指数与高血压密切相关,且受不健康生活方式的影响,可能是不健康生活方式导致高血压风险的一个潜在机制[4]。然而,不健康生活方式如何通过这两种生物标志物影响高血压尚缺乏研究证据。不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C和高血压之间可能存在着多维关联[5-6],现有研究大多忽略了多种不健康生活方式可能互相影响,传统回归与中介分析方法在解释复杂关系方面有局限性,鉴于不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C和高血压之间的复杂关联可能为疾病发展提供有价值的见解[7]。因此,本研究基于西南职业人群队列的调查数据,在中介分析的基础上,结合网络分析进一步探讨不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C、高血压间的细致关联,捕捉其中关键变量作为可干预的潜在靶点[8],为制定更有效的职业人群高血压干预措施提供科学依据。
基于2021年中国铁路成都局集团有限公司的西南职业人群队列基线数据[9]。纳入标准:①年龄≥18岁;②在岗职工;③认知能力良好且能正常沟通;④知情同意。排除标准:无法进行正常问卷填写及不愿配合者。截至2021年,在四川省、贵州省28个地级市和重庆市的33个区(县)纳入119 780名职工。排除质控问题回答不准确9名后,最终共31 105名职工纳入队列。在排除缺失人口学特征信息、体检信息、不符合标准的样本后,最终共有24 545名研究对象纳入本研究。本研究通过四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会审查(批准文号:Gwll2021064)。
采用系统随机抽样方法,通过唯一的职工身份证号码,抽取39 926名在职员工,通过该单位的线上平台开展问卷调查。其中,31 114名年龄在18~61岁的参与者于2021年10月1日至12月31日完成了基线调查(问卷回收率为77.9%)。在问卷的前、中、后期分别插入3个常识性问题(如四川省省会在哪里)以确认参与者的答题的准确性。
通过问卷获取了调查对象的基本人口学特征、职业情况、行为生活方式等信息,并获取所有参与者2021年的体检数据信息[10],包含血压、身高、体重、血脂等信息。参考既往研究[11],结合本研究数据特征,将生活方式定义为:①吸烟状况[12]:根据过去12个月的吸烟频率分为从不吸/几乎不吸、现在吸/既往吸。②饮酒状况[13]:根据过去12个月的饮酒频率分为从不饮/几乎不饮、现在饮/既往饮。③膳食模式[14]:通过问卷调查研究对象每周食用蔬菜、水果、白肉、红肉和腌制食品的频率(从来没有、每周0~1次、每周2~3次、每周4~6次和每天,分别赋为0、0.5、2.5、5和7分)。根据分值的中位数,对于蔬菜、水果和白肉,将≥中位数赋值为1,<中位数赋值为0;对于红肉和腌制食品,≤中位数赋值为1,>中位数赋值为0。最后合计为总分0~5的健康膳食指数,其中0~1分定义为不健康膳食模式,2~5分为正常膳食模式。④体力活动:采用简化版的国际体力活动量表进行评估[15],包括职业、交通、家务和休闲锻炼。计算研究对象过去一年中每周的体力活动代谢当量(MET)。
根据5种不健康生活方式的数量进行赋分:①现在吸/既往吸;②现在饮/既往饮;③不健康膳食模式;④低体力活动:将低体力活动定义为每周MET<600 MET-min/周[13];⑤BMI异常:将BMI≥24.0 kg/m2或<18.5 kg/m2定义为BMI异常[16]。当研究对象无任意一种时记0分,存在任意1、2、3~5种时分别记1、2、3分,分值范围为0~3分,得分越高表示不健康生活方式越多。
由全自动生化分析仪检测血脂水平及血糖水平,包括TG、HDL-C、空腹血糖等。TyG和TG/HDL-C计算公式分别为:TyG=In [TG (mg/dl) × 空腹血糖 (mg/dl)/2 ],TG/HDL-C=TG (mg/dl)/HDL-C (mg/dl)[17]
根据《国家基层高血压防治管理指南2020版》[18],当SBP<140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)且DBP<90 mm Hg定义为正常血压,当SBP≥140 mm Hg和/或DBP≥90 mm Hg定义为高血压。由医疗专业人员用电子血压计测量,测量前≥30 min要求禁止吸烟、饮酒、剧烈运动等。
所有数据分析使用R 4.2.3进行。连续性变量用,分类变量用频数和构成比(%)表示,采用两独立样本t检验(连续变量)或χ2检验(分类变量)比较不同高血压分组(血压正常组,高血压组)间的差异。
以高血压事件为结局变量(血压正常=0,高血压=1),使用logistic回归模型评价研究对象中不健康生活方式评分与高血压风险间的关联,模型1使用单因素logistic 回归分析,模型2在模型1的基础上调整性别、年龄,模型3在模型2的基础上额外调整了婚姻状况,民族,文化程度,吸烟状况,家庭每月收入,计算比值比(odds ratio,OR)以及相应的95%置信区间(95% CI)。
采用CMA(Causal Mediation Analysis)包,基于因果推断框架开展因果中介分析[19],分析TyG指数和TG/HDL-C指数在不健康生活方式和高血压关联中的中介作用。中介分析可以将暴露对结局的效应分为自然直接效应和自然间接效应两部分,中介效应的占比为自然间接效应/总效应(%)。
在分析TyG和TG/HDL-C在不健康生活方式与高血压间的中介效应后,为进一步探究不健康生活方式、TyG指数、TG/HDL-C指数、高血压之间的细致联系,采用混合图模型(mixed graph model, MGM)进行网络分析[20]。在网络中,每个节点表示一个变量,节点之间的连线为边,边的粗细代表了在控制了网络中其他节点后,两个节点之间的偏相关系数,即边权。在偏相关网络分析的基础上,采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子正则化与扩展贝叶斯信息准则(λ=0.25)对网络结构进行稀疏化,排除节点间可能的虚假连接关系[21]。使用R2值和正确分类指数(CC)分别计算网络中每个连续变量节点和分类变量节点能被周围邻居节点预测的程度,R2值和CC值越大表明可被预测程度越高[22]。在网络中,不同维度的变量可归于不同“社区”,网络分析可找到连接不同社区的关键节点,即“桥接节点”。桥强度中心性表示一个节点与其他节点所连接的边的偏相关系数绝对值之和[8],桥强度可用于判断“桥接节点”,前20%的节点认为是连接不同社区的“桥接节点”。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
共纳入24 545名参与者,平均年龄为(37.37±10.60)岁,其中男性21 231名(86.5%),汉族22 896名(93.3%)。大专及以上文化程度17 140(69.8%),已婚/同居17 150名(69.9%),家庭月收入<6 000元19 767名(80.5%),患高血压4 646名(18.9%)。不健康生活方式评分为2分(31.3%),TyG平均水平为8.78±0.69,TG/HDL-C平均水平为1.78±3.74。性别、年龄、民族、教育水平、婚姻、不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C的分布特征在有无高血压两组间均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。详见表1
单因素及调整协变量后的logistic模型结果均显示,不健康生活方式与高血压风险增大有关。模型3结果显示,对比不健康生活方式0分,更高的不健康生活方式评分可使高血压的风险增加,OR(95% CI)分别为1.64(1.35~2.00)、1.99(1.66~2.42)和3.06(2.54~3.69),详见表2
在控制协变量的情况下,检验TyG和TG/HDL-C在不健康生活方式与高血压的关系中的中介作用,结果显示,TyG和TG/HDL-C均存在中介效应,中介效应占比分别为34.25%、6.64%(图1)。
在混合图模型构建的网络中,与高血压关联最强的为BMI异常(边权=0.37)。各不健康生活方式中,饮酒与吸烟存在较强关联(边权=0.67)。分别将不健康生活方式、TyG指数和TG/HDL-C指数、高血压作为一个社区,发现高血压和TyG是连接社区间的“桥接节点”,见图2A
图2B由高到低展示了各节点的桥强度中心性。在不健康生活方式中,桥强度中心性最高的是BMI异常(桥强度=0.70),其次是吸烟(桥强度=0.41)、饮酒(桥强度=0.30);在2项中介指标中,桥强度中心性最高的是TyG(桥强度=1.08),其次是TG/HDL-C(桥强度=0.13);高血压桥强度中心性为1.21。
本研究发现职业人群的不健康生活方式评分与高血压风险呈现显著的正相关,并呈现累积效应;TyG指数在不健康生活方式评分与高血压的关系中起最大的中介作用;本研究首次基于网络分析视角,探索不健康生活方式、TyG和TG/HDL-C指数以及高血压的相关关系,发现高血压和TyG指数是网络中关键的“桥接节点”。
中介分析结果表明TyG和TG/HDL-C在不健康生活方式导致高血压的发生机制中可能具有一定介导作用,不健康生活方式导致TyG和TG/HDL-C指数增高,进而导致高血压风险增加。不健康生活方式已被证明与TyG或TG/HDL-C指数有着密切关联[23-24],比如吸烟可能损害细胞内葡萄糖代谢途径,引起脂质代谢紊乱和增加血管内皮功能障碍,使得TyG或TG/HDL-C增高[25]。增高的TyG和TG/HDL-C可能通过三种潜在机制影响高血压。首先,随着胰岛素的增加,交感神经系统和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统被激活,相应的收缩压和舒张压升高[26]。其次,当胰岛素抵抗诱发高胰岛素血症时,肾小管对钠的重吸收增加并导致高血压[27]。第三,高血糖使细胞外渗透压高于细胞内渗透压,为了使细胞外和细胞外渗透压达到相对平衡,水流入血管,从而增加血管内的循环血容量和血压[27]
随着不健康生活方式评分的增加,高血压风险增大,与既往研究一致[28]。一项法国基于人群的队列研究发现,与没有不健康的生活方式相比,三种不健康的生活方式因素使患高血压的几率增加了1.67倍[29]。另一项中国的回顾性队列研究发现,与一种不健康的生活方式相比,五种不健康的生活方式患高血压的风险是16倍以上[30]。这些表明不健康的生活方式和高血压之间可能存在剂量反应关系。事实上,多种不健康生活方式可能对血压控制产生协同效应,强调了研究其综合效应的重要性[29]
网络分析发现了不健康生活方式、TyG、TG/HDL-C和高血压间存在的多维关联。如吸烟与饮酒相互影响,可能存在联合作用,对TyG指数[31]和高血压血压的效应大于两者的单独效应[32]。TyG是连接不健康生活方式与高血压两个社区的关键桥接节点,与我们中介分析结果一致,进一步表明TyG可作为干预的关键因素。一项前瞻性队列发现,尽管采取了更健康的生活方式,但由高水平的TyG轨迹引起的心血管疾病风险仍然增加[33]。这表明尽管生活方式对整体健康仍然至关重要,但在某些情况下,控制 TyG 水平可能是一种关键的干预策略。
本研究存在一定的局限性,由于本研究为横断面设计,因此在解读TyG和TG/HDL-C对不健康生活方式与高血压的中介效应时,对待时序关系应该审慎。另外,鉴于研究人群为我国西南地区的职业人群,结果不能直接外推到生活方式有较大差异的其他人群。但本研究也存在一定优势,首先,我们的研究在一定程度上扩展了现有证据,通过组合多个变量来促进联合暴露评估的研究,考虑了每种生活方式行为的水平以及综合水平对高血压风险的贡献。其次,我们采用回归分析与网络分析相结合的方法,能够更好地探讨多种不健康生活方式与生物标志物和疾病之间的相互作用关系,突破了传统方法难以解释多个变量相互关系的局限。
综上,本研究基于基于西南地区职业人群队列,采用了回归与网络分析相结合的方法,发现不健康生活方式与高血压风险升高有关,以及随着不健康生活方式类型的增加,表现出来累积效应。TyG和TG/HDL在其中起中介作用,且TyG指数在不健康生活方式与高血压的网络中作为重要的“桥接节点”。本研究提示开展针对不健康生活方式的干预,进而有效控制TyG指数,有助于进一步预防职业人群的高血压的发生和发展,提高人群的生命质量。
  • 四川省科技厅重点研发项目(23DYF2120)
  • 四川大学“从0到1”创新研究重点项目(2023CX21)
  • 国家自然科学基金(723B2017)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409340
  • 接收时间:2024-09-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19
基金
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(23DYF2120)
四川大学“从0到1”创新研究重点项目(2023CX21)
国家自然科学基金(723B2017)
作者信息
    1.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司成都疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610081
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
    3.四川大学灾后重建与管理学院
    4.成都大学附属医院
    5.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司社会保险管理部
    6.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心

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杨淑娟和胡玉麒为共同通信作者。杨淑娟,E-mail:
胡玉麒,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409340
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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