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Article(id=1241022940792288042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411424, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732204800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812526176, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812526176, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812526176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812526176, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022939957621542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812525976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815469296, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035285174219433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241022939957621542, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1001, endPage=1005, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022942373540656, articleId=1241022940792288042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenetic analysis of influenza in Chaoyang District, Beijing, 2016-2023, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To descriptively analyze the epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of influenza (flu) in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of influenza.

Methods

Through the China Influenza Surveillance Information System, the etiology of influenza cases and influenza-like cases were collected, and epidemiological descriptions and statistical analysis were carried out, and χ2 tests were used for comparison between groups.

Results

A total of 210 738 influenza cases were reported in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 829.81/100 000, and the highest incidence rate in the age group of 0-4 years (4 619.07/100 000). A total of 21 480 pharyngeal swab specimens of influenza-like cases were tested, with a positive detection rate of 14.14%. The positive rate of specimens in 2017-2018 was the highest (22.82%), and the positive rate in 2020-2021 was the lowest (0.77%), and the difference in the positive rate in different monitoring years was statistically significant (χ2=857.804, P<0.001). Influenza A viruses were mostly prevalent in winter, and influenza B viruses were mostly prevalent in winter and spring, and different subtypes of influenza viruses were prevalent at the same time or alternately. Of the 50 influenza outbreaks reported in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, 96.00% occurred in primary and secondary schools.

Conclusion

The intensity of influenza epidemics in Beijing’s Chaoyang District varies in different monitoring years, and influenza A and B viruses show alternating epidemics. Children aged 0-14 years are the key population for influenza prevention and control, and schools are the key prevention and control sites.

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目的

描述性分析2016—2023年朝阳区流行性感冒（流感）的流行特征和病原学特征，旨在为流感科学防控提供依据。

方法

通过中国流感监测信息系统，收集流感病例和流感样病例病原学等监测数据，进行流行病学描述及统计学分析，组间比较采用χ2检验。

结果

2016—2023年朝阳区累计报告流感病例210 738例，年均报告发病率为829.81/10万，0~4岁年龄组发病率最高（4 619.07/10万）。共检测流感样病例咽拭子标本21 480份，检出阳性率为14.14%。2017—2018监测年度标本阳性率最高（22.82%），2020—2021监测年度阳性率最低（0.77%），不同监测年度的阳性率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=857.804，P<0.001）。甲型流感病毒多在冬季流行，乙型流感病毒多在冬春季流行，不同亚型流感病毒同时或交替流行。2016—2023年朝阳区报告的50起流感暴发疫情中，96.00%发生在中小学校。

结论

北京市朝阳区不同监测年度的流感流行强度不同，甲、乙型流感病毒呈现交替流行。0~14岁儿童是流感防控重点人群，学校是重点防控场所。

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许志远，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=r5z3d5b41Yx4AhFRvm2d1w==, magXml=rtACRSdeUvJ06VqDASZXug==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5e1fCtjBZkg69qAHAIqECA==, pdfFileSize=730264, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YMvZMnchISYfjoDfkOqUOw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=NNVpLCkZo/k+ggzUcj1P7Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李称（1993—），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：传染病监测，现场流行病学

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李称（1993—），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：传染病监测，现场流行病学

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Incidence of influenza in Chaoyang District, Beijing, 2016-2023[ (n/100 000)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测年度2016—20172017—20182018—20192019—20202020—20212021—20222022—2023
性别
男3 098(153.19)11 484(568.17)32 308(1 700.67)14 627(801.77)262(14.93)9 265(543.04)34 196(2 008.85)
女3 395(175.67)12 731(656.87)34 106(1 854.31)14 702(825.65)215(12.51)9 037(517.48)31 312(1 792.47)
年龄(岁)
0~42 059(1 531.97)6 529(4 282.72)19 494(13 195.07)8 108(5 151.50)194(133.14)2 220(1 450.63)8 990(6 488.44)
5~14892(508.72)4 219(2 121.40)1 823(9 466.70)10 299(5 413.40)99(52.11)3 374(1 393.31)18 368(6 995.81)
15~24470(72.08)1 844(287.26)4 351(726.64)2 413(1 009.72）25(13.27)1 402(811.51)7 317(3 150.38)
25~592 177(287.26)8 795(365.31)20 293(903.74)6 633(273.20)112(4.72)10 408(478.39)26 093(1 244.10)
≥60895(163.39)2 828(506.29)4 033(727.55)1 876(316.10)47(8.15)898(126.68)4 740(659.77)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022951282241746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022940792288042, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2016—2023年度北京市朝阳区流感发病情况[n（/10万）]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测年度2016—20172017—20182018—20192019—20202020—20212021—20222022—2023
性别
男3 098(153.19)11 484(568.17)32 308(1 700.67)14 627(801.77)262(14.93)9 265(543.04)34 196(2 008.85)
女3 395(175.67)12 731(656.87)34 106(1 854.31)14 702(825.65)215(12.51)9 037(517.48)31 312(1 792.47)
年龄(岁)
0~42 059(1 531.97)6 529(4 282.72)19 494(13 195.07)8 108(5 151.50)194(133.14)2 220(1 450.63)8 990(6 488.44)
5~14892(508.72)4 219(2 121.40)1 823(9 466.70)10 299(5 413.40)99(52.11)3 374(1 393.31)18 368(6 995.81)
15~24470(72.08)1 844(287.26)4 351(726.64)2 413(1 009.72）25(13.27)1 402(811.51)7 317(3 150.38)
25~592 177(287.26)8 795(365.31)20 293(903.74)6 633(273.20)112(4.72)10 408(478.39)26 093(1 244.10)
≥60895(163.39)2 828(506.29)4 033(727.55)1 876(316.10)47(8.15)898(126.68)4 740(659.77)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022951391293663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022940792288042, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Laboratory test results of the influenza virus in Chaoyang District, Beijing, 2016 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测年度检测数阳性数阳性检出情况[例（%）]
H1N1H3N2BVictoriaBYamagata混合型
2016—20173 147535136(25.42)381(71.21)9(1.68)9(1.68)0
2017—20183 129714206(28.85)220(30.81)32(4.48)250(35.01)6(0.84）
2018—20193 114659211(32.01)157(23.83)290(44.01)01(0.15)
2019—20202 84026824(8.96)191(71.27)53(19.78)00
2020—20213 108240024(100.00)00
2021—20223 163399037(9.27)362(90.73)00
2022—20232 979439191(43.51)244(55.58)3(0.68)01(0.22)
), ArticleFig(id=1241022951609397475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241022940792288042, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2016—2023年度北京市朝阳区流感病毒实验室检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测年度检测数阳性数阳性检出情况[例（%）]
H1N1H3N2BVictoriaBYamagata混合型
2016—20173 147535136(25.42)381(71.21)9(1.68)9(1.68)0
2017—20183 129714206(28.85)220(30.81)32(4.48)250(35.01)6(0.84）
2018—20193 114659211(32.01)157(23.83)290(44.01)01(0.15)
2019—20202 84026824(8.96)191(71.27)53(19.78)00
2020—20213 108240024(100.00)00
2021—20223 163399037(9.27)362(90.73)00
2022—20232 979439191(43.51)244(55.58)3(0.68)01(0.22)
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2016—2023年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒流行特征及病原学分析
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李称 1 , 杜新鑫 2 , 王佳琦 1 , 杨媛 1 , 姜晓红 1 , 许志远 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(6): 1001-1005
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(6): 1001-1005
2016—2023年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒流行特征及病原学分析
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李称1, 杜新鑫2, 王佳琦1, 杨媛1, 姜晓红1, 许志远1
作者信息
  • 1．北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心，北京　100020
  • 2．内蒙古科技大学包头医学院

    • 李称（1993—），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：传染病监测，现场流行病学

通讯作者:

许志远，E-mail：
Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenetic analysis of influenza in Chaoyang District, Beijing, 2016-2023
Chen LI1, Xin-xin DU2, Jia-qi WANG1, Yuan YANG1, Xiao-hong JIANG1, Zhi-yuan XU1
Affiliations
  • Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100020, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411424
文章导航
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摘要
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目的

描述性分析2016—2023年朝阳区流行性感冒（流感）的流行特征和病原学特征，旨在为流感科学防控提供依据。

方法

通过中国流感监测信息系统，收集流感病例和流感样病例病原学等监测数据，进行流行病学描述及统计学分析，组间比较采用χ2检验。

结果

2016—2023年朝阳区累计报告流感病例210 738例，年均报告发病率为829.81/10万，0~4岁年龄组发病率最高（4 619.07/10万）。共检测流感样病例咽拭子标本21 480份，检出阳性率为14.14%。2017—2018监测年度标本阳性率最高（22.82%），2020—2021监测年度阳性率最低（0.77%），不同监测年度的阳性率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=857.804，P<0.001）。甲型流感病毒多在冬季流行，乙型流感病毒多在冬春季流行，不同亚型流感病毒同时或交替流行。2016—2023年朝阳区报告的50起流感暴发疫情中，96.00%发生在中小学校。

结论

北京市朝阳区不同监测年度的流感流行强度不同，甲、乙型流感病毒呈现交替流行。0~14岁儿童是流感防控重点人群，学校是重点防控场所。

流感病毒  /  流行特征  /  监测
Objective

To descriptively analyze the epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of influenza (flu) in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of influenza.

Methods

Through the China Influenza Surveillance Information System, the etiology of influenza cases and influenza-like cases were collected, and epidemiological descriptions and statistical analysis were carried out, and χ2 tests were used for comparison between groups.

Results

A total of 210 738 influenza cases were reported in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 829.81/100 000, and the highest incidence rate in the age group of 0-4 years (4 619.07/100 000). A total of 21 480 pharyngeal swab specimens of influenza-like cases were tested, with a positive detection rate of 14.14%. The positive rate of specimens in 2017-2018 was the highest (22.82%), and the positive rate in 2020-2021 was the lowest (0.77%), and the difference in the positive rate in different monitoring years was statistically significant (χ2=857.804, P<0.001). Influenza A viruses were mostly prevalent in winter, and influenza B viruses were mostly prevalent in winter and spring, and different subtypes of influenza viruses were prevalent at the same time or alternately. Of the 50 influenza outbreaks reported in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, 96.00% occurred in primary and secondary schools.

Conclusion

The intensity of influenza epidemics in Beijing’s Chaoyang District varies in different monitoring years, and influenza A and B viruses show alternating epidemics. Children aged 0-14 years are the key population for influenza prevention and control, and schools are the key prevention and control sites.

Influenza virus  /  Epidemic characterization  /  Surveillance
李称, 杜新鑫, 王佳琦, 杨媛, 姜晓红, 许志远. 2016—2023年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒流行特征及病原学分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1001 -1005 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411424
Chen LI, Xin-xin DU, Jia-qi WANG, Yuan YANG, Xiao-hong JIANG, Zhi-yuan XU. Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenetic analysis of influenza in Chaoyang District, Beijing, 2016-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (6) : 1001 -1005 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411424
正文
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流行性感冒（简称流感）是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，具有高传染性和快速传播能力，对公共卫生构成重大威胁[1]。虽然流感大多为自限性，但部分患者可引起肺炎等并发症或基础疾病加重发展成重症病例，全球每年有多达50万人死于与流感有关的并发症，我国每年因流感导致的超额死亡约8.8万人[2-3]。在2016—2021年，北京市朝阳区法定报告传染病中，流感发病率位居首位[4]。因此，加强监测朝阳区流感报告病例和流感病毒株变化情况，对于研判流感的流行趋势、及时调整流感防控措施和科学预测预警可能出现的流感大流行具有重要的公共卫生意义。本研究对2016—2023年间朝阳区流感进行流行病学及病原学分析，全面了解该地区流感特点，为制定有效的流感防控策略提供科学依据。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
报告病例数据来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”现住址为北京市朝阳区，发病日期为2016年9月至2023年8月期间的流感临床诊断及确诊病例。流感病原学监测数据和流感暴发疫情数据来自中国流感监测信息系统，病原学监测共包含3家国家级哨点医院（首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院、中日友好医院、首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院）。人口学数据来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统疾病预防控制综合管理系统”。
1.2　相关定义
①流感样病例（influenza-like illness, ILI）：发热（体温≥38℃），伴咳嗽或咽痛之一者。②监测年度：本研究将每年9月至次年8月定义为一个监测年度。③季节划分：根据文献[5]，春季为3—5月，夏季为6—8月，秋季为9—11月，冬季为12月—次年2月。
1.3　统计学分析
使用Excel 2019软件、R 4.2.3软件进行统计分析和图表绘制。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
收起
2.1　流行病学特征
2.1.1　总体概况
2016年9月至2023年8月朝阳区累计报告流感病例210 738例，年均报告发病率829.81/10万。其中，2022—2023年度、2018—2019年度报告发病率占据前两位，分别为1 899.26/10万、1 776.25/10万，不同年度流感报告发病率差异有统计学意义（χ2=145 422.770，P<0.001）。见图1。
2.1.2　人群分布
2016年9月至2023年8月朝阳区报告流感病例中，男性发病人数为105 240例，发病率为827.23/10万；女性发病人数为105 498例，发病率为833.57/10万，女性发病率高于男性（χ2=21.820，P<0.001）。2016—2023监测年度0~4岁年龄组发病率最高，年均发病率为4 619.07/10万；其次为5~14岁年龄组，年均发病率为3 707.15/10万；发病率最低的年龄组为60岁及以上人群，发病率为358.28/10万，不同年龄发病率有统计学差异（χ2=381 502.264，P<0.001），流感病例中以学生、幼托儿童占比最高，分别为20.21%、19.74%。
2.1.3　时间分布
在连续七年的监测周期中，流感的高发期主要集中在冬季和春季， 2016—2017年、2017—2018年及2019—2020年流感高峰出现在1月；2018—2019年、2021—2022年度为双峰流行，流行高峰分别为1月、4月和1月、8月；2022—2023年流行高峰集中在3月；2020—2021年流感报告病例数整体较低，未见明显高峰。见图2。
2.1.4　地区分布
2016—2023监测年度朝阳区流感发病率最高街道的是劲松（1 409.48/10万），其次为来广营（1 400.36/10万），第三位为高碑店（1 186.15/10万），发病率最低的为首都机场街道（372.17/10万），不同街道发病率具有统计学差异（χ2=22 350.298，P<0.001）。
2.2　病原学监测结果
2016—2023监测年度朝阳区共对21 480份流感样病例标本进行流感病毒核酸检测，阳性标本3 038份，阳性率为14.14%。2017—2018监测年度标本阳性率最高，为22.82%，2020—2021监测年度阳性率最低，为0.77%，各监测年度阳性率有统计学差异（χ2=857.804，P<0.001）。2016—2017年度冬季的主要优势株为甲型H3N2（72.21%）；2017—2018年度冬季主要优势株为乙型Yamagata（35.01%），伴甲型H3N2流行；2018—2019年度冬季的主要优势株为甲型H1N1（32.01%），春季的主要优势株为乙型Victoria（44.01%）；2019—2020年度冬季的优势株为甲型H3N2（71.27%）；2020—2021年度受新型冠状病毒疫情影响，标本阳性检出率较低，仅有乙型Victoria检出；2021—2022年度冬春季乙型Victoria以99.10%为优势株；2022—2023年度春季主要以甲型H3N2（55.58%）为主，H1N1（43.51%）次之。见表2和图3。
2.3　流感暴发疫情监测情况
2016—2023年度朝阳区累计报告流感暴发疫情共50起，报告发病数951人，波及3 889人，总罹患率为24.45%。其中2017—2018年度报告疫情起数最多，为17起。50起暴发疫情中涉及中小学校及托幼机构48起，占96.00%，大学和企业各1起。50起疫情共采集663例标本，其中15起定性为甲型H3N2病毒，14起定性为甲型H1N1病毒，12起定性为乙型Yamagata系病毒、5起定性为乙型Victoria系病毒、4起定性为流感病毒混合感染（3起甲型H1N1和甲型H3N2混合感染、1起甲型H1N1和乙型Yamagata混合感染）。
3　讨论
收起
本研究显示，2016—2023年北京市朝阳区流感存在两个发病高峰，分别是2018—2019和2022—2023年度。2018—2019年度发病率高可能与流感活动强度较大，且流行持续时间较长有关；2022—2023年度流感的发病率超过历年的发病高峰，表明新冠期间长期的保持社交距离等措施较少了病原体的暴露，导致“免疫债务”，即人群免疫力下降和病例的激增[6-7]。2020—2021年度发病率较低，可能由于COVID-19的快速传播，朝阳区实施了严格的防疫措施，对流感等通过呼吸道传播的疾病起到了阻碍作用，且新冠病毒的流行可能对流感病毒有所抑制，此流行趋势也与郑州市流感流行趋势一致[8]。
有研究[9]认为不同性别对病毒的易感性及适应性免疫反应存在差异，女性通常对病毒感染的易感性较低，能产生更强的适应性免疫反应。而本研究发现，虽然不同性别的流感发病率存在差异，但女性发病率高于男性，可能与人群就医行为、统计报告等环节有关。年龄分布上，0~4岁、5~14岁年龄组发病率较高，与学生及托幼儿童的发病人数占比最高相对应，尤其是流感暴发疫情中96.08%发生在中小学和托幼机构，可能由于儿童免疫水平低于成人，对个人卫生重视程度不够，发生流感病毒感染的风险更大[10-11]，并且学校是其主要的活动场所，具有人口密度大、人员接触频繁的特点，导致流感在相对封闭、相对拥挤、人群聚集的学校环境中更易发生传播[12]。《中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2022-2023)》提示，开展基于学校的流感接种是减少学龄儿童流感病毒感染的有效手段，中小学、幼儿园是流感防控的关键区域，因此应加强适龄儿童流感疫苗的接种工作[1]。60岁及以上人群发病率最低，可能与北京市老年人为第一批免费接种流感疫苗政策有关，并且很多老年人感染流感症状不典型，自行至药店购买药品，导致医院就诊率低。
本研究显示，流感报告病例数和阳性率的变化波动季节性显著，尤其在冬春季达到高峰，符合我国北方地区流感的流行特点[13]。但2022年8月出现流感发病高峰，与往年流行季节不同，可能是国外流行的H3N2流感毒株引入国内，进而引起夏季高峰，其他省份报道过夏季流感高峰的出现[14-15]。
流感样病例病原学结果显示，不同监测年度流感病原优势株有所不同，甲型流感病毒多在冬季流行，乙型流感病毒多在冬春季流行。不同类型流感病毒同时或交替出现，考虑可能与人群免疫状态和病毒变异有关。乙型Yamagata病毒自2019年度未再检出，全球流感监测显示自2020年乙型Yamagata也未在检出，研究表明乙型Yamagata病毒的谱系存在固有的脆弱性，其比乙型Victoria病毒具有更低的有效繁殖数和更短的传播链，导致乙型Yamagata病毒在继续传播时更容易中断，COVID-19大流行期间，保持社交距离和行动限制，再加上长期使用匹配良好的流感疫苗，综合作用下导致该谱系的消失[16-17]。
综上所述，2016—2023年北京朝阳区流感呈季节性流行，不同年度流行强度不同，性别、年龄、职业等流行特征存在差异，且不同的监测年份流行株不同，因此，持续做好流感监测工作，不仅可以监测季节性流感的活动水平和趋势，同时可以及时反映流感在人群中的流行情况和病毒型别交替情况，预测其流行趋势，为采取流感防控措施和推荐疫苗接种提供科学的数据支撑。
基金
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  • 2021年度北京市重大疫情防治重点专科项目
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411424
  • 接收时间：2024-11-22
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-22
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2021年度北京市重大疫情防治重点专科项目
作者信息
    1．北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心，北京　100020
    2．内蒙古科技大学包头医学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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