Article(id=1240977226020213477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409532, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727625600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801626925, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801626925, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801626925, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801626925, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1761, endPage=1767, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977226401895169, articleId=1240977226020213477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of factors influencing hearing loss in workers engaged in noise operations in different workshops of a certain automobile manufacturing enterprise, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of hearing loss among workers in different workshop noise operations in a certain automobile manufacturing enterprise, and propose corresponding protective suggestions.
Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was employed, and on-site questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect basic information, personal history, occupational history, and exposure status of the study subjects. Physical examinations were performed to obtain their hearing results. The study subjects were divided into four groups based on different workshops: the stamping workshop, the assembly workshop, the painting workshop, and the welding workshop. They were also categorized into two groups based on hearing: the normal hearing group and the hearing loss group. The relationship between various exposure characteristics and hearing loss was analyzed for 1 411 noise-exposed workers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, categorized by different workshops and hearing groups.
Results The detection rate of hearing loss in the research subjects was 20.13% (284/1 411), with the highest detection rate in the assembly workshop (25.00%). There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of hearing loss among different workshops (P<0.05). The differences in noise exposure levels and noise exposure duration among the four workshops were statistically significant (P<0.05); The detection rate of hearing loss in noise combined with organic solvent exposure was the highest (34.55%), significantly higher than that in noise combined with dust (21.69%), noise combined with other factors (20.00%), and noise alone (15.47%), with statistically significant differences between the groups (P<0.01). The detection rate of hearing loss in the noise combined with organic solvent exposure group was the highest in the final assembly and welding workshops, and the differences between different exposure groups in the two workshops were statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that workers exposed to noise combined with organic solvents and noise combined with dust had 2.67 times (P<0.01) and 1.43 times (P<0.05) higher risk of hearing loss, respectively, compared to those exposed to noise alone.
Conclusion The exposure of noise combined with organic solvents and noise combined with dust in automobile manufacturing enterprises is the main influencing factor of hearing loss among workers. The detection rate of hearing loss in the final assembly workshop is the highest. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen noise control and health protection in the workplace, and implement occupational health monitoring.
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目的 分析某汽车制造企业中不同车间噪声作业工人听力损失的影响因素,提出相应的防护建议。
方法 采用分层整群抽样,现场问卷调查收集研究对象基本情况、个人史、职业史及暴露情况,体检获得其听力结果。将研究对象按不同车间分为四组,即冲压车间、总装车间、涂装车间和焊装车间;按听力分组分为听力正常组及听力损失组。对符合纳入及排除标准的噪声作业工人的1 411人按不同车间及听力分组分析各暴露特征与听力损失的关系。
结果 研究对象听力损失检出率20.13%(284/1 411),总装车间听力损失检出率最高(25.00%),不同车间听力损失检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四个车间的噪声暴露声级、接噪工龄差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);噪声联合有机溶剂暴露的的听力损失检出率最高(34.55%),明显高于噪声联合粉尘(21.69%)、噪声联合其他因素(20.00%)及单独噪声(15.47%),各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。总装及焊装车间以噪声联合有机溶剂暴露组的听力损失检出率最高,二个车间的各不同暴露组别间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归显示:噪声联合有机溶剂及噪声联合粉尘暴露的工人发生听力损失的风险分别是单独噪声暴露的2.67倍(P<0.01)及1.43倍(P<0.05)。
结论 汽车制造企业噪声联合有机溶剂及噪声联合粉尘暴露是作业工人听力损失的主要影响因素,总装车间听力损失检出率最高,应加强工作场所的噪声治理及健康防护,落实职业健康监护工作。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=I7vSrQpkwGVXKBg5poKOFA==, magXml=8YIxs63VTN3vDcRudlBqJw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lj/DzegRc9+952VPAYKp9Q==, pdfFileSize=709980, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=MLUXMfQfXoCed4tLFWtsWQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
梁小娟(1984—),女,本科,主管护师,研究方向:临床护理及职业卫生
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41(3):296-298., articleTitle=含锰电焊作业人员职业性听力损伤的调查研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240998596208816435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=296, pageEnd=298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Hou Q, Xie M, Shao YT, journalName=Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Hou Q,
Xie M,
Shao YT, et al. Investigation of occupational hearing loss in manganese-containing welding workers[J].
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue,
2023,
41(3): 296-298. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Investigation of occupational hearing loss in manganese-containing welding workers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240998591129514240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, awardId=2024A03J0500, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市科技计划项目(2024A03J0500), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240998591184040193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, awardId=2024A03J0432, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市科技计划项目(2024A03J0432), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240998591238566146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, awardId=2024A03J0503, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市科技计划项目(2024A03J0503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240998591305675011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, awardId=2024-GCC-3, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市第十二人民医院高层次人才科研项目(2024-GCC-3), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240998585903411381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240998585911799990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, companyId=1240998585903411381, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangzhou Twelfth People ’s Hospital, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510620, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240998585915994295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, companyId=1240998585903411381, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州市第十二人民医院,广东 广州 510620)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240998590336790772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Occupational exposure limits for workplace noise
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 接触时间 | 接触限值[dB(A)] | 备注 |
|---|
| 5 d/w,=8 h/d | 85 | 非稳态噪声计算8小时等效声级(LEX,8 h) |
| 5 d/w,≠8 h/d | 85 | 计算8小时等效声级(LEX,8 h) |
| ≠5 d/w | 85 | 计算40小时等效声级(LEX,W) |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590399705333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
工作场所噪声职业接触限值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 接触时间 | 接触限值[dB(A)] | 备注 |
|---|
| 5 d/w,=8 h/d | 85 | 非稳态噪声计算8小时等效声级(LEX,8 h) |
| 5 d/w,≠8 h/d | 85 | 计算8小时等效声级(LEX,8 h) |
| ≠5 d/w | 85 | 计算40小时等效声级(LEX,W) |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590458425590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of noise intensity, noise pickup age and hearing loss detection among vehicles
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车间 | 人数 | 接噪强度[dB(A)] | 接噪工龄(年) | 听力损失[n(%)] |
|---|
| 冲压 | 142 | 83.10(82.40,85.25) | 4.00(3.50,6.00) | 32(22.54) |
| 总装 | 280 | 84.60(83.40,89.60) | 5.00(3.50,6.50) | 70(25.00) |
| 涂装 | 137 | 86.20(83.40,88.80) | 4.00(3.50,6.50) | 32(23.36) |
| 焊装 | 852 | 83.55(82.60,85.60) | 4.00(3.50,6.00) | 150(17.61) |
| H值或χ2值 | | 95.99a | 10.27a | 8.91b |
| P值 | | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.031 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590525534455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
各车间接噪强度、接噪工龄及听力损失检出情况比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车间 | 人数 | 接噪强度[dB(A)] | 接噪工龄(年) | 听力损失[n(%)] |
|---|
| 冲压 | 142 | 83.10(82.40,85.25) | 4.00(3.50,6.00) | 32(22.54) |
| 总装 | 280 | 84.60(83.40,89.60) | 5.00(3.50,6.50) | 70(25.00) |
| 涂装 | 137 | 86.20(83.40,88.80) | 4.00(3.50,6.50) | 32(23.36) |
| 焊装 | 852 | 83.55(82.60,85.60) | 4.00(3.50,6.00) | 150(17.61) |
| H值或χ2值 | | 95.99a | 10.27a | 8.91b |
| P值 | | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.031 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590575866104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparison of wearing protective gear in each workshop[n(%)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车间 | 人数 | 佩戴防护用具情况 |
|---|
| 从不佩戴 | 偶尔佩戴 | 经常佩戴 | 几乎每次戴 |
|---|
| 冲压 | 142 | 2(1.41) | 10(7.04) | 24(16.90) | 106(74.65) |
| 总装 | 280 | 8(2.86) | 10(3.57) | 43(15.36) | 219(78.21) |
| 涂装 | 137 | 2(1.46) | 9(6.57) | 25(18.25) | 101(73.73) |
| 焊装 | 852 | 23(2.70) | 50(5.87) | 146(17.14) | 633(74.30) |
| χ2值 | | 5.530 |
| P值 | | 0.786 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590634586361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
各车间佩戴防护用具情况比较[n(%)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车间 | 人数 | 佩戴防护用具情况 |
|---|
| 从不佩戴 | 偶尔佩戴 | 经常佩戴 | 几乎每次戴 |
|---|
| 冲压 | 142 | 2(1.41) | 10(7.04) | 24(16.90) | 106(74.65) |
| 总装 | 280 | 8(2.86) | 10(3.57) | 43(15.36) | 219(78.21) |
| 涂装 | 137 | 2(1.46) | 9(6.57) | 25(18.25) | 101(73.73) |
| 焊装 | 852 | 23(2.70) | 50(5.87) | 146(17.14) | 633(74.30) |
| χ2值 | | 5.530 |
| P值 | | 0.786 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590684918010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Comparison of hearing loss by exposure characteristics
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 人数 | 听力损失 [n(%)] | χ2 值 | P值 |
|---|
| 接噪工龄(年) | | | 1.05 | 0.592 |
| <5 | 806 | 155(19.23) | | |
| 5~10 | 571 | 121(21.19) | | |
| >10 | 34 | 8(23.53) | | |
| LAeq,8 h | | | 0.17 | 0.917 |
| <85 | 850 | 174(20.47) | | |
| 85~90 | 426 | 83(19.48) | | |
| >90 | 135 | 27(20.00) | | |
| 职业病危害因素暴露 | | | 14.15 | 0.003 |
| 噪声 | 433 | 67(15.47) | | |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 793 | 172(21.69) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 55 | 19(34.55) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 130 | 26(20.00) | | |
| 防护用品使用 | | | 1.66 | 0.646 |
| 从不佩戴 | 35 | 9(25.71) | | |
| 偶尔佩戴(1~2 次/周) | 79 | 16(20.25) | | |
| 经常佩戴(3~5 次/周) | 238 | 53(22.27) | | |
| 几乎每次都佩戴 | 1 059 | 206(19.45) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590743638267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同暴露特征听力损失情况比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 人数 | 听力损失 [n(%)] | χ2 值 | P值 |
|---|
| 接噪工龄(年) | | | 1.05 | 0.592 |
| <5 | 806 | 155(19.23) | | |
| 5~10 | 571 | 121(21.19) | | |
| >10 | 34 | 8(23.53) | | |
| LAeq,8 h | | | 0.17 | 0.917 |
| <85 | 850 | 174(20.47) | | |
| 85~90 | 426 | 83(19.48) | | |
| >90 | 135 | 27(20.00) | | |
| 职业病危害因素暴露 | | | 14.15 | 0.003 |
| 噪声 | 433 | 67(15.47) | | |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 793 | 172(21.69) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 55 | 19(34.55) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 130 | 26(20.00) | | |
| 防护用品使用 | | | 1.66 | 0.646 |
| 从不佩戴 | 35 | 9(25.71) | | |
| 偶尔佩戴(1~2 次/周) | 79 | 16(20.25) | | |
| 经常佩戴(3~5 次/周) | 238 | 53(22.27) | | |
| 几乎每次都佩戴 | 1 059 | 206(19.45) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590814941436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Comparison of the relationship between different workshop exposure factors and hearing loss
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车间 | 职业病危害因素暴露 | 人数 | 听力损失 [n(%)] | χ2 值 | P值 |
|---|
| 冲压 | 噪声 | 33 | 7(21.21) | 1.79 | 0.618 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 87 | 19(21.84) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 4 | 2(50.00) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 18 | 4(22.22) | | |
| 总装 | 噪声 | 71 | 18(25.35) | 8.44 | 0.038 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 164 | 35(21.34) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 17 | 9(52.94) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 28 | 8(28.57) | | |
| 涂装 | 噪声 | 34 | 6(17.65) | 1.64 | 0.651 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 86 | 23(26.74) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 4 | 1(25.00) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 13 | 2(15.38) | | |
| 焊装 | 噪声 | 295 | 36(12.20) | 9.91 | 0.019 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 456 | 95(20.83) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 30 | 7(23.33) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 71 | 12(16.90) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590882050301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同车间不同职业病危害因素暴露与听力损失关系比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车间 | 职业病危害因素暴露 | 人数 | 听力损失 [n(%)] | χ2 值 | P值 |
|---|
| 冲压 | 噪声 | 33 | 7(21.21) | 1.79 | 0.618 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 87 | 19(21.84) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 4 | 2(50.00) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 18 | 4(22.22) | | |
| 总装 | 噪声 | 71 | 18(25.35) | 8.44 | 0.038 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 164 | 35(21.34) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 17 | 9(52.94) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 28 | 8(28.57) | | |
| 涂装 | 噪声 | 34 | 6(17.65) | 1.64 | 0.651 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 86 | 23(26.74) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 4 | 1(25.00) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 13 | 2(15.38) | | |
| 焊装 | 噪声 | 295 | 36(12.20) | 9.91 | 0.019 |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 456 | 95(20.83) | | |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 30 | 7(23.33) | | |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 71 | 12(16.90) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998590949159166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Multifactorial Logistic Regression Analysis of Hearing Loss Related Influential Factors
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | β值 | SE | Wald值 | P值 | OR(95%CI)值 |
|---|
| 接噪强度 | -0.01 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.801 | 0.995(0.955,1.036) |
| 接噪工龄 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.36 | 0.244 | 1.039(0.974,1.107) |
| 工作车间 | | | 6.70 | 0.082 | |
| 冲压车间 | | | | | |
| 总装车间 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.629 | 1.129(0.690,1.846) |
| 涂装车间 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.855 | 1.054(0.598,1.860) |
| 焊装车间 | -0.28 | 0.22 | 1.53 | 0.216 | 0.760(0.492,1.174) |
| 职业病危害因素暴露 | | | 11.11 | 0.011 | |
| 噪声 | | | | | |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 5.00 | 0.025 | 1.432(1.045,1.962) |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 0.98 | 0.32 | 9.66 | 0.002 | 2.673(1.438,4.969) |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.97 | 0.325 | 1.290(0.777,2.142) |
), ArticleFig(id=1240998591003685119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977226020213477, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
听力损失相关影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | β值 | SE | Wald值 | P值 | OR(95%CI)值 |
|---|
| 接噪强度 | -0.01 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.801 | 0.995(0.955,1.036) |
| 接噪工龄 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.36 | 0.244 | 1.039(0.974,1.107) |
| 工作车间 | | | 6.70 | 0.082 | |
| 冲压车间 | | | | | |
| 总装车间 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.629 | 1.129(0.690,1.846) |
| 涂装车间 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.855 | 1.054(0.598,1.860) |
| 焊装车间 | -0.28 | 0.22 | 1.53 | 0.216 | 0.760(0.492,1.174) |
| 职业病危害因素暴露 | | | 11.11 | 0.011 | |
| 噪声 | | | | | |
| 噪声联合粉尘 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 5.00 | 0.025 | 1.432(1.045,1.962) |
| 噪声联合有机溶剂 | 0.98 | 0.32 | 9.66 | 0.002 | 2.673(1.438,4.969) |
| 噪声联合其他因素 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.97 | 0.325 | 1.290(0.777,2.142) |
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