Article(id=1240977225223295678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412259, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801626734, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801626734, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801626734, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801626734, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1837, endPage=1842, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977225902772953, articleId=1240977225223295678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Clinical path cost analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the context of DRG payment, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the impact of standardized clinical pathway management on the cost changes of anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee and its value in medical practice, with the intention of providing experience for the reform of clinical pathways for disease types and medical insurance payment systems in the context of the DRG payment system.

Methods

The study selected a tertiary general hospital in City L as the research object and utilized the interrupted time series analysis method to compare the data before and after the implementation of clinical pathway management.

Results

After the implementation, the average cost per case of this disease type significantly decreased, and the cost structure was optimized. The main cost items such as drug fees, examination fees, and treatment fees all showed a downward trend. The optimization of hospitalization frequency was limited, and the control of consumable costs still needed to be strengthened.

Conclusion

Although clinical pathway management has achieved certain results, it also faces challenges. During the implementation, it is necessary to be vigilant against the decomposition of hospitalizations, strengthen medical insurance supervision and technical monitoring, and optimize hospital management processes. Emphasis should be placed on the value of medical labor and the adjustment of salary systems. Continuous control of consumables is needed to control costs and optimize resource utilization. In the future, the system should be continuously improved to enhance service quality and efficiency, promote the high-quality development of public hospitals, and advance the reform of medical insurance payment systems.

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目的

在DRG支付体系背景下,探讨膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种实施临床路径标准化管理对费用变化的影响及其价值医疗实践意义,旨在为病种临床路径与医保支付制度改革提供经验。

方法

研究选取L市三级综合医院作为对象,利用中断时间序列分析法,对比临床路径管理实施前后数据。

结果

实施管理后,该病种的例均费用显著下降,费用结构优化,药品费、检查费和治疗费等主要费用降低。但是,住院次数优化有限,耗材费用仍需强化管控。

结论

在DRG支付下,临床路径管理虽有成效但也存在挑战。实施中,需警惕分解住院,医保加强监管与技术监测,医院优化管理与流程。重视体现医务劳动价值,优化薪酬制度。持续管控耗材,助力成本控制与资源利用。

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李凤鸣,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=PHgeOc3+clRZvXGjyL2XpQ==, magXml=k1b4JoBW3FvNUOQ/6tBgWw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ifCWJDkiev33960A06ieQA==, pdfFileSize=897048, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=oWE1h26aaBdbM6XxS3HDBA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vG+DQeBC/9oIrR0/VNXuGQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王一阳(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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王一阳(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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王一阳(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Implementation strategy analysis of clinical pathway in large public hospitals under DRG payment reform, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240996922157232211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, awardId=2023FYZ003, language=CN, fundingSource=潍坊医学院附属医院科技发展项目(2023FYZ003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996915094024877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996915098219182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, companyId=1240996915094024877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996915106607791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, companyId=1240996915094024877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996915232436921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996915236631226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, companyId=1240996915232436921, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.临沂市人民医院临沂市医院DRG管理与应用重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996920638895084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Change trend of operation effect index before and after clinical pathway management of anterior cruciate ligament injury of knee joint, figureFileSmall=JEo0grAYyg5zutGCJ8xw5Q==, figureFileBig=QZ2VYvvWbLFgfwvguUzBBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920735364083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=CN, label=图1, caption=膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种临床路径管理实施前后运营效果指标变化趋势, figureFileSmall=JEo0grAYyg5zutGCJ8xw5Q==, figureFileBig=QZ2VYvvWbLFgfwvguUzBBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920869581819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The change trend of total cost, medicine cost, consumables cost and treatment cost before and after clinical path management of anterior cruciate ligament injury of knee joint, figureFileSmall=yO99zE7dPjmvTmYjmlsUNA==, figureFileBig=HDhGp4ikWphjl1ZP5Zr1ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920966050819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=CN, label=图2, caption=膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种临床路径管理实施前后总费用、药费、耗材费、治疗费费用变化趋势, figureFileSmall=yO99zE7dPjmvTmYjmlsUNA==, figureFileBig=HDhGp4ikWphjl1ZP5Zr1ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921037352966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The changing trend of diagnosis fee, nursing fee and comprehensive medical service fee before and after clinical path management of anterior cruciate ligament injury of knee joint, figureFileSmall=DZcC79Wo242gDgbsVufA4g==, figureFileBig=PsoY04oCVG9Ec3HITQgdyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921150599181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=CN, label=图3, caption=膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种临床路径管理实施前后诊断费、护理费、综合医疗服务费费用变化趋势, figureFileSmall=DZcC79Wo242gDgbsVufA4g==, figureFileBig=PsoY04oCVG9Ec3HITQgdyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921242873876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of research objects

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变量实施前
数量/例
实施后χ2P
占比/%数量/例占比/%
性别1.177 40.278
9849.253542.17
10150.754857.83
年龄(岁)0.561 60.755
<4011457.294959.04
40~505125.631821.69
>503417.091619.28
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921360314391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量实施前
数量/例
实施后χ2P
占比/%数量/例占比/%
性别1.177 40.278
9849.253542.17
10150.754857.83
年龄(岁)0.561 60.755
<4011457.294959.04
40~505125.631821.69
>503417.091619.28
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921448394781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of Operational Efficiency Metrics for Different Disease Types Before and After Implementation of Clinical Pathway Management

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量实施前(n=199)实施后(n=83)
住院天数(天)5.67±2.155.75±1.58
术前住院天数(天)2.25±1.312.24±1.21
住院次数(天)1.06±0.311.05±0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921544863778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

临床路径管理前后病种运营效率指标情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量实施前(n=199)实施后(n=83)
住院天数(天)5.67±2.155.75±1.58
术前住院天数(天)2.25±1.312.24±1.21
住院次数(天)1.06±0.311.05±0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921628749865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of the change of average cost of each disease before and after clinical pathway management

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别实施前实施后ZP
总费用(元)33 363.62±9 939.1227 363.33±6 774.054.953<0.001
耗材费(元)22 605.27±9 024.6418 156.04± 6 179.813.833<0.001
治疗费(元)7 497.23±1 400.675 349.95±1 040.9810.077<0.001
诊断费(元)1 844.90±707.401 890.87±567.14-1.4160.156 7
药品费(元)1 487.37±563.761 145.02±374.135.051<0.001
护理费(元)206.31±93.69252.14± 68.07-5.844<0.001
综合医疗服务费(元)531.58±418.86560.02±375.21-2.2020.027 6
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921716830258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

临床路径管理实施前后病种例均费用变化情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别实施前实施后ZP
总费用(元)33 363.62±9 939.1227 363.33±6 774.054.953<0.001
耗材费(元)22 605.27±9 024.6418 156.04± 6 179.813.833<0.001
治疗费(元)7 497.23±1 400.675 349.95±1 040.9810.077<0.001
诊断费(元)1 844.90±707.401 890.87±567.14-1.4160.156 7
药品费(元)1 487.37±563.761 145.02±374.135.051<0.001
护理费(元)206.31±93.69252.14± 68.07-5.844<0.001
综合医疗服务费(元)531.58±418.86560.02±375.21-2.2020.027 6
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921846853692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Correlation analysis of hospitalization cost before and after clinical pathway management

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别实施前实施后
rPrP
耗材费(元)0.980.000 0 0.970.000 0
治疗费(元)0.320.000 0 0.390.000 3
诊断费(元)0.250.000 30.220.041 2
药品费(元)0.340.000 0 0.180.095 6
护理费(元)0.080.257 60.170.113 2
综合医疗服务费(元)0.090.184 60.320.003 0
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921930739775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977225223295678, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

临床路径管理实施前后住院费用相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别实施前实施后
rPrP
耗材费(元)0.980.000 0 0.970.000 0
治疗费(元)0.320.000 0 0.390.000 3
诊断费(元)0.250.000 30.220.041 2
药品费(元)0.340.000 0 0.180.095 6
护理费(元)0.080.257 60.170.113 2
综合医疗服务费(元)0.090.184 60.320.003 0
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DRG支付背景下膝关节前十字韧带损伤临床路径费用分析
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王一阳 1 , 秦大伟 2 , 周浩 2 , 王敏 2 , 相然 2 , 安妮 1 , 刘彦旭 1 , 李凤鸣 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(10): 1837-1842
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(10): 1837-1842
DRG支付背景下膝关节前十字韧带损伤临床路径费用分析
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王一阳1, 秦大伟2, 周浩2, 王敏2, 相然2, 安妮1, 刘彦旭1, 李凤鸣2
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.临沂市人民医院临沂市医院DRG管理与应用重点实验室
  • 王一阳(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

李凤鸣,E-mail:
Clinical path cost analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the context of DRG payment
Yi-yang WANG1, Da-wei QIN2, Hao ZHOU2, Min WANG2, Ran XIANG2, Ni AN1, Yan-xu LIU1, Feng-ming LI2
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412259
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目的

在DRG支付体系背景下,探讨膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种实施临床路径标准化管理对费用变化的影响及其价值医疗实践意义,旨在为病种临床路径与医保支付制度改革提供经验。

方法

研究选取L市三级综合医院作为对象,利用中断时间序列分析法,对比临床路径管理实施前后数据。

结果

实施管理后,该病种的例均费用显著下降,费用结构优化,药品费、检查费和治疗费等主要费用降低。但是,住院次数优化有限,耗材费用仍需强化管控。

结论

在DRG支付下,临床路径管理虽有成效但也存在挑战。实施中,需警惕分解住院,医保加强监管与技术监测,医院优化管理与流程。重视体现医务劳动价值,优化薪酬制度。持续管控耗材,助力成本控制与资源利用。

DRG支付方式  /  临床路径  /  住院费用  /  中断时间序列分析
Objective

To explore the impact of standardized clinical pathway management on the cost changes of anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee and its value in medical practice, with the intention of providing experience for the reform of clinical pathways for disease types and medical insurance payment systems in the context of the DRG payment system.

Methods

The study selected a tertiary general hospital in City L as the research object and utilized the interrupted time series analysis method to compare the data before and after the implementation of clinical pathway management.

Results

After the implementation, the average cost per case of this disease type significantly decreased, and the cost structure was optimized. The main cost items such as drug fees, examination fees, and treatment fees all showed a downward trend. The optimization of hospitalization frequency was limited, and the control of consumable costs still needed to be strengthened.

Conclusion

Although clinical pathway management has achieved certain results, it also faces challenges. During the implementation, it is necessary to be vigilant against the decomposition of hospitalizations, strengthen medical insurance supervision and technical monitoring, and optimize hospital management processes. Emphasis should be placed on the value of medical labor and the adjustment of salary systems. Continuous control of consumables is needed to control costs and optimize resource utilization. In the future, the system should be continuously improved to enhance service quality and efficiency, promote the high-quality development of public hospitals, and advance the reform of medical insurance payment systems.

DRG payment system  /  Clinical pathway  /  Hospitalization costs  /  Interrupted time series analysis
王一阳, 秦大伟, 周浩, 王敏, 相然, 安妮, 刘彦旭, 李凤鸣. DRG支付背景下膝关节前十字韧带损伤临床路径费用分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1837 -1842 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412259
Yi-yang WANG, Da-wei QIN, Hao ZHOU, Min WANG, Ran XIANG, Ni AN, Yan-xu LIU, Feng-ming LI. Clinical path cost analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the context of DRG payment[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1837 -1842 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412259
随着医疗保障制度的不断发展与完善,疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)支付在我国医疗领域的应用日益广泛。DRG支付旨在通过对疾病进行分类分组,根据不同组别的资源消耗情况制定合理的支付标准,以实现医疗费用的精细化管理和医疗资源的优化配置[1]。临床路径管理是一种系统化的管理方法,对于提高医疗质量、医疗效率、促进团队合作以及支持决策和管理都具有重要意义。它能帮助医疗机构优化医疗服务流程,提升患者的治疗效果和满意度。控制医疗费用的不合理增长并确保医保资金的安全与高效运转,是当前医药卫生领域改革中一个重要的研究课题[2]。当前研究表明,临床路径管理与DRG支付改革方式具有较强的协同作用,实施临床路径管理有助于提升DRG实施效果,助力DRG全面、有效落实[3]。具体而言,临床路径管理通过规范医疗行为,为DRG支付改革落地提供了重要支撑,推进医疗机构对支付方式改革的认同,DRG支付的激励机制需通过医疗机构内部管理来优化医疗服务,而临床路径管理作为规范医疗行为的重要工具,能够有效控制医疗资源浪费,提升诊疗质量,助力DRG支付改革的全面实施;DRG支付改革为临床路径管理提供了契机,DRG支付改革则通过激励机制,推动临床路径管理一体化,促使医疗机构以病种为基础整合成本、医疗行为和绩效管理。二者均聚焦于“临床过程”,但侧重点不同:前者致力于规范医疗行为,提升诊疗质量;后者着重于控制医疗费用合理性。只有规范的医疗行为才能实现更合理的费用结算,因此二者相辅相成,具有紧密的协同关系[4]
膝关节前十字韧带损伤又称前交韧带损伤,是最常见和最具破坏性的膝关节损伤之一[5]。目前膝关节前十字韧带损伤的治疗主要通过手术,并且具有较高的治疗难度和费用[6]。国内膝关节置换术的费用的相关研究较多[7-8],但基于DRG支付背景下膝关节前十字韧带损伤单个病种的临床路径费用研究仍较为缺乏。
本研究以L市三级综合医院膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种临床路径管理为研究案例,运用中断时间序列分析方法,深入探讨在DRG支付背景下,实施临床路径标准化管理对该病种费用变化的影响,以期为实现病种临床路径与医保支付制度改革相适应,推动价值医疗在公立医院中的实践提供有益的经验借鉴。
本研究数据来源于L市三级综合医院2022年7月1日—2024年7月31日住院病案首页数据、医保结算清单,并以“膝关节前十字韧带损伤临床路径”为研究对象。以2023年9月作为临床路径管理实施节点,选取医院2022年7月1日—2023年8月31日(实施前)的199名患者数据,2023年9月1日—2024年7月31日(实施后)的83名患者数据。具体数据包括:患者基本情况(性别、年龄)、病种运营效率指标(住院天数、术前住院天数、住院次数)、患者费用结构(总费用、药品费、耗材费、治疗费、诊断费、护理费、综合医疗服务费)。
研究纳入标准为:纳入DRG病组IC39且符合进入关节镜膝关节前交叉韧带重建手术临床路径标准的病例,第一诊断为膝关节前十字韧带损伤(ICD-10:S83.500x012),主手术为关节镜膝关节前交叉韧带重建术(ICD-9-CM-3:81.4504)。排除标准:入组临床路径但中途退出病例和数据资料不全或缺失的病例。最终纳入研究的病例共282例,其中管理前199例,管理后83例。
采用描述性统计比较临床路径实施前后患者住院费用、人口学及住院指标(正态分布采用方差分析,偏态数据采用秩和检验,分类变量使用χ2检验);通过Spearman相关性分析总费用与分项费用的关联;基于月度数据构建中断时间序列模型(Stata 17.0)评估费用趋势变化,数据整理使用Excel 2019,检验水准α=0.05。
中断时间序列分析(interrupted time series analysis,ITSA)为准实验研究设计,通过分析政策实施前后多个时间点的数据,量化政策实施的即时效应及长期趋势变化,在政策评估中具有广泛应用[9]。本文构建如下模型:Yt=β0+β1Tt+β2Xt+β3XtTt+εt,其中,Yt为住院天数、医疗费用等结局指标;Tt表示政策实施后的时间序列(2023年9月1日起),Xt是实施前后的虚拟变量(实施前为0,实施后为1)。模型参数中,β0反映基线水平,β1表示实施前趋势斜率,β2揭示政策实施的即时水平变化,β3体现实施后趋势斜率,εt为误差项。采用Durbin-Watson检验评估残差自相关性,确保模型有效性。
本研究共纳入282例患者,实施前199例患者(70.03%),实施后83例患者(29.97%)。从性别分布变化来看,实施前后,男性和女性的比例分别为49.25%和50.75%,以及42.17%和57.83%。χ2检验结果显示,性别分布的变化不显著(P>0.05)。从年龄分布变化来看,实施前后,年龄分布也保持稳定,年龄组比例变化不显著(P>0.05)。详见表1
从住院天数方面来看,实施后平均住院天数增加至5.75天,但标准差降低至1.58天。从术前住院天数来看,实施前后患者术前平均住院天数保持相对稳定,标准差从1.31天减至1.21天。从住院次数来看,实施前患者平均住院次数为1.06次,标准差为0.31次。实施后,平均住院次数减少至1.05次,标准差降至0.22次。详见表2
采用秩和检验对比实施前后的病种例均费用。结果显示,实施后总费用、耗材费、治疗费、药品费和护理费均显著降低(P<0.05)。详见表3
Spearman相关分析(表4)显示,实施前后,住院总费用与耗材费、治疗费、诊断费均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。实施后,耗材费相关性虽有所下降,但仍显著(P<0.05)。
中断时间序列分析结果显示:在住院天数方面,实施前,住院天数呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。实施后,住院天数显著下降(P<0.05)。在术前住院天数方面,实施前,术前住院天数有所增加(P<0.05)。实施后,术前住院天数变化不显著。在住院次数方面,实施前后,住院次数无显著变化。详见图1
通过中断时间序列分析发现膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种临床路径管理实施前后的费用变化趋势。具体结果如下:在住院总费用方面,实施瞬间费用趋势下降不明显;实施后费用趋势长期并且显著下降(P<0.05)。在药品费方面,实施瞬间费用趋势下降明显(P<0.05);实施后费用趋势稳定。在耗材费方面,实施瞬间费用趋势下降不明显;实施后费用下降趋势稳定(P<0.05)。在治疗费方面,实施瞬间费用下降趋势不明显;实施后费用趋势稳定。在诊断费方面,实施瞬间费用下降趋势不明显;实施后费用下降趋势稳定(P<0.05)。在护理费方面,实施瞬间费用下降趋势不明显;实施后费用下降趋势稳定(P<0.05)。在综合医疗服务费方面,实施瞬间费用趋势下降明显(P<0.05);实施后费用下降趋势稳定(P<0.05)。具体的分析结果和趋势变化详见图2图3
研究显示,膝关节前十字韧带损伤病种临床路径管理下,住院费用出现显著变化:一方面,控费效果明显,膝关节前十字韧带损伤患者平均住院费用由33 363.62元降至27 363.33元,且呈稳定下降趋势。另一方面,费用结构得到优化,耗材费、药品费、诊断费均下降,与林苡竹等[10]研究结果一致,表明临床路径管理能规范医疗行为、减少不必要开支[11]。耗材费下降趋势最明显,可能与该病种的治疗方式和医用耗材集中带量采购有关[12-13]。长期来看,这种费用变化趋势体现了临床路径管理的成效,符合价值医疗理念,提高了医疗服务性价比,使患者能以更合理费用获得有效治疗。
平均住院日是评估医院运营效率、患者满意度和医疗服务质量的关键指标[14]。从ITSA结果来看,临床路径管理实施后住院天数由实施前的上升趋势逆转为下降趋势,表明临床路径管理在缩短住院时间方面取得了一定成效,这与王福影等[15]、孙雪松等[11]研究结果基本一致。但住院次数未显著改善,推测存在分解住院或非计划再入院的可能性。对此,医保部门需强化智能监测系统,通过分析住院间隔时间与费用构成识别违规行为;医院应推广“日间手术+家庭康复”模式,减少非必要重复入院。
研究显示,在临床路径管理实施前后,耗材费与总费用的强相关性(实施前r=0.98,,实施后r=0.97)凸显其控费核心地位。因此,耗材费占比的优化任重道远。鉴于耗材在医院成本中占重要比重,其管理需从粗放型向精细化、高效化转变,以实现成本控制与资源优化配置[16]。医院可通过构建“四化创四新”格局和多部门联动治理体系,以常态化点评机制提升耗材质量管理,围绕“双促双升”目标,优化费用结构,减轻患者负担。提高医疗服务性价比,体现价值医疗理念下的成本控制和资源优化。同时,需探索耗材成本与DRG支付标准的动态调整,避免控费压力导致服务质量下降。
在临床路径实施中,医生依从性是有效推广的关键[17]。研究显示,路径管理在控费同时提升了服务价值,治疗费、综合医疗服务费与总费用相关性增强。护理服务标准化提高了效率与规范性,促进患者康复及费用透明化。尽管综合费用因合理服务选择可能略有上升,但服务质量的提升为患者提供了更优质的全周期护理。相关研究发现,医护人员对路径的高满意度可激发诊疗积极性,从而进一步提高医疗服务的质量[18]。然而,依从性不足多源于传统诊疗习惯与路径流程的冲突。因此需要建立双向反馈机制,通过案例研讨与模拟培训增强医务人员对路径循证依据的认同;将路径执行率与合理变异率纳入绩效考核,对达标科室给予奖励;在电子病历中嵌入智能提醒功能(如耗材匹配方案),优化医嘱设置。
在DRG支付改革背景下,临床路径管理需构建动态优化机制。医院应基于DRG数据分析,结合支付标准设定病种合理住院日及费用阈值,平衡诊疗标准化与灵活性。通过强化三级协同管理体系,依托大数据平台筛选资源消耗高、费用差异显著的病种重点优化,推进术式标准化与耗材智能预警系统建设,精准管控专科领域耗材异常波动,并运用作业成本法测算临床路径资源消耗,支撑支付标准动态调整[19]。考核体系需构建“过程-质量-价值”三维指标,在基础指标外纳入患者满意度、医疗质量改善情况等价值导向指标,全面评估实施效果[20]。未来应推进智能化升级,集成电子病历与AI决策系统实现路径动态调适,开发术后康复患者端管理工具提升依从性,并通过多学科协作将临床路径与日间手术、加速康复外科等创新模式融合,构建以价值医疗为核心的精准管理体系,最终实现医疗质量、效率与患者体验的协同提升。
  • 潍坊医学院附属医院科技发展项目(2023FYZ003)
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2025年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412259
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
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潍坊医学院附属医院科技发展项目(2023FYZ003)
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    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.临沂市人民医院临沂市医院DRG管理与应用重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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