Article(id=1240977223889506924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410232, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729094400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801626416, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801626416, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801626416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801626416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1791, endPage=1795, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977224346686084, articleId=1240977223889506924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between dietary oxidative balance score and risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS) and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension.

Methods

Patients with hypertension aged 20 years and above who participated in four survey cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2018. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the association between DOBS and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension, and subgroups analysis was performed according to gender and age.

Results

A total of 2 775 patients with hypertension were included, with 349 (12.6%) diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for multiple covariates, higher DOBS were significantly associated with decreased risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension. For each one-point increase in DOBS, the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension was reduced by 11.4% (OR=0.886, 95%CI: 0.842-0.933). As a categorical variable, the OR of DOBS Q3 group was 0.331 (95%CI: 0.116-0.941) and the OR of Q4 group was 0.124 (95%CI: 0.051-0.301) compared with Q1. A restricted cubic spline model indicated a linear negative dose-response association between DOBS and sarcopenia in patients with hypertension (P non-linear=0.148). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant interaction of gender and age on the association of DOBS and sarcopenia in patients with hypertension (P interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion

Higher DOBS is significantly associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension.

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目的

探讨高血压患者膳食氧化平衡评分(DOBS)与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联。

方法

纳入美国国家健康和营养调查(NHANES)2011—2018年4个调查周期中20岁及以上的高血压患者,采用加权logistic回归和限制性立方样条分析高血压患者DOBS与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联,并根据性别和年龄进行亚组分析。

结果

共纳入2 775名高血压患者,其中有349名(12.6%)肌肉减少症患者。校正协变量后,高血压患者中较高的DOBS和肌肉减少症患病风险降低相关;DOBS每增加一分,高血压患者发生肌肉减少症的风险降低11.4%(OR=0.886,95%CI:0.842~0.933)。作为分类变量,与Q1组相比,DOBS Q3组的OR值为0.331(95%CI: 0.116~0.941),Q4组的OR值为0.124(95%CI: 0.051~0.301)。限制性立方样条分析发现DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险呈线性负向剂量-反应关联(P非线性=0.148)。在不同性别和年龄的亚组分析中,DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险的关联保持一致(P交互>0.05)。

结论

高DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险降低相关。

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王尊,E-mail:
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崔志清(1970—),女,本科,副主任护师,研究方向:食品营养学

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Frontiers in Nutrition, 2024, 11: 1397429., articleTitle=Association of the oxidative balance score with sarcopenia among young and middle-aged adults: findings from NHANES 2011-2018, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996916801098410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996916813681322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, companyId=1240996916801098410, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Nutrition Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996916826264235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, companyId=1240996916801098410, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.首都医科大学宣武医院营养膳食部,北京 100053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996916956287669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996916960481974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, companyId=1240996916956287669, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京市丰台区右安门社区卫生服务中心公共卫生部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996920370451248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of the study population screening, figureFileSmall=kQnsiS7C0L5KpqwFuAg8NQ==, figureFileBig=7Bvye95IdcWjvwhryVqmMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920466920247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究人群筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=kQnsiS7C0L5KpqwFuAg8NQ==, figureFileBig=7Bvye95IdcWjvwhryVqmMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920601137985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Dose-response relationship of DOBS and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension, figureFileSmall=khWFl9JKxS0luXw+HsNaVg==, figureFileBig=EHxY+9rO5JV+3aFps1hIsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920722772809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=CN, label=图2, caption=DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险的剂量-反应关联

注:DOBS:膳食氧化平衡评分;图中黑线代表OR值,灰色区域代表95%CI

, figureFileSmall=khWFl9JKxS0luXw+HsNaVg==, figureFileBig=EHxY+9rO5JV+3aFps1hIsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920819241812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Subgroup analysis of the association between DOBS and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension, figureFileSmall=qG4UdiSNO3YzL1oBjUwgyQ==, figureFileBig=MJhUthIMSngB0az3vP82xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996920940876632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=CN, label=图3, caption=DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险的亚组分析

注:图A为不同性别组中DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险关联;图B为不同年龄组中DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险关联。

, figureFileSmall=qG4UdiSNO3YzL1oBjUwgyQ==, figureFileBig=MJhUthIMSngB0az3vP82xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921024762719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics about the research subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总计
n=2 775)
非肌肉减少症
n=2 426)
肌肉减少症
n=349)
P
年龄(岁,46.4±10.246.0±10.248.6±10.10.006
性别[n(%)]0.453
男性1 425(55.1)1 245(54.7)180(58.1)
女性1 350(44.9)1 181(45.3)169(41.9)
教育水平 [n(%)]0.004
高中以下554(14.3)433(13.2)121(21.8)
高中655(24.1)570(23.4)85(28.4)
高中以上1 566(61.6)1 423(63.4)143(49.8)
婚姻状况 [n(%)]0.620
已婚或同居1 710(68.2)1 494(67.9)216(70.4)
单身926(31.8)819(32.1)107(29.6)
种族 [n(%)]<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人343(8.5)235(6.5)108(21.2)
其它墨西哥裔267(6.5)204(5.8)63(11.5)
非西班牙白人933(58.7)832(59.4)101(54.2)
非西班牙黑人807(15.9)775(17.7)32(4.5)
其它425(10.3)380(10.6)45(8.7)
贫困比 [n(%)]0.022
<1.3854(23.5)710(22.0)144(33.0)
1.3~<3.5904(34.8)804(34.8)100(35.0)
>=3.5795(41.7)721(43.3)74(32.0)
可替宁(ng/ml,73.4±141.075.1±141.562.0±137.60.337
饮酒量(g/d,37.5±36.138.0±36.134.1±36.20.199
体重指数(kg/m231.5±7.130.7±6.736.6±7.6<0.001
体力活动(MET·min/week,4 825.2±6 192.54 746.3±5 916.45 406.9±7 931.20.468
慢性肾脏病 [n(%)]0.060
2 306(85.0)2 029(85.8)277(80.0)
465(15.0)393(14.2)72(20.0)
心血管疾病[n(%)]0.003
2 500(91.9)2 209(92.9)291(85.4)
261(8.1)206(7.1)55(14.6)
糖尿病 [n(%)]<0.001
2 120(80.7)1 903(83.3)217(63.9)
655(19.3)523(16.7)132(36.1)
总胆固醇(mmol/L,5.2±1.15.2±1.1 5.1±1.1 0.273
甘油三酯(mmol/L,1.6±1.21.6±1.0 1.9±1.8 0.071
膳食氧化平衡评分(分,16.6±6.817.1±6.8 13.6±6.0 <0.001
骨骼肌质量指数(0.79±0.200.82±0.190.62±0.14<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921117037413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总计
n=2 775)
非肌肉减少症
n=2 426)
肌肉减少症
n=349)
P
年龄(岁,46.4±10.246.0±10.248.6±10.10.006
性别[n(%)]0.453
男性1 425(55.1)1 245(54.7)180(58.1)
女性1 350(44.9)1 181(45.3)169(41.9)
教育水平 [n(%)]0.004
高中以下554(14.3)433(13.2)121(21.8)
高中655(24.1)570(23.4)85(28.4)
高中以上1 566(61.6)1 423(63.4)143(49.8)
婚姻状况 [n(%)]0.620
已婚或同居1 710(68.2)1 494(67.9)216(70.4)
单身926(31.8)819(32.1)107(29.6)
种族 [n(%)]<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人343(8.5)235(6.5)108(21.2)
其它墨西哥裔267(6.5)204(5.8)63(11.5)
非西班牙白人933(58.7)832(59.4)101(54.2)
非西班牙黑人807(15.9)775(17.7)32(4.5)
其它425(10.3)380(10.6)45(8.7)
贫困比 [n(%)]0.022
<1.3854(23.5)710(22.0)144(33.0)
1.3~<3.5904(34.8)804(34.8)100(35.0)
>=3.5795(41.7)721(43.3)74(32.0)
可替宁(ng/ml,73.4±141.075.1±141.562.0±137.60.337
饮酒量(g/d,37.5±36.138.0±36.134.1±36.20.199
体重指数(kg/m231.5±7.130.7±6.736.6±7.6<0.001
体力活动(MET·min/week,4 825.2±6 192.54 746.3±5 916.45 406.9±7 931.20.468
慢性肾脏病 [n(%)]0.060
2 306(85.0)2 029(85.8)277(80.0)
465(15.0)393(14.2)72(20.0)
心血管疾病[n(%)]0.003
2 500(91.9)2 209(92.9)291(85.4)
261(8.1)206(7.1)55(14.6)
糖尿病 [n(%)]<0.001
2 120(80.7)1 903(83.3)217(63.9)
655(19.3)523(16.7)132(36.1)
总胆固醇(mmol/L,5.2±1.15.2±1.1 5.1±1.1 0.273
甘油三酯(mmol/L,1.6±1.21.6±1.0 1.9±1.8 0.071
膳食氧化平衡评分(分,16.6±6.817.1±6.8 13.6±6.0 <0.001
骨骼肌质量指数(0.79±0.200.82±0.190.62±0.14<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921230283626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Weighted logistic regression models for the association of DOBS and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DOBS模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CIPOR(95%CIPOR(95%CIP
每增加一分0.924(0.900~0.948)<0.0010.909(0.883~0.935)<0.0010.886(0.842~0.933)<0.001
分组
Q1参照参照参照
Q20.831(0.538~1.285)0.4000.693(0.443~1.082)0.1000.648(0.294~1.429)0.300
Q30.512(0.318~0.824)0.0070.423(0.257~0.697)0.0010.331(0.116~0.941)0.039
Q40.243(0.133~0.444)<0.0010.181(0.094~0.349)<0.0010.124(0.051~0.301)<0.001
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996921330946929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977223889506924, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险关联的logistic回归模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DOBS模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CIPOR(95%CIPOR(95%CIP
每增加一分0.924(0.900~0.948)<0.0010.909(0.883~0.935)<0.0010.886(0.842~0.933)<0.001
分组
Q1参照参照参照
Q20.831(0.538~1.285)0.4000.693(0.443~1.082)0.1000.648(0.294~1.429)0.300
Q30.512(0.318~0.824)0.0070.423(0.257~0.697)0.0010.331(0.116~0.941)0.039
Q40.243(0.133~0.444)<0.0010.181(0.094~0.349)<0.0010.124(0.051~0.301)<0.001
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
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高血压患者膳食氧化平衡评分与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联
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崔志清 1 , 王尊 2
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(10): 1791-1795
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(10): 1791-1795
高血压患者膳食氧化平衡评分与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联
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崔志清1, 王尊2
作者信息
  • 1.首都医科大学宣武医院营养膳食部,北京 100053
  • 2.北京市丰台区右安门社区卫生服务中心公共卫生部
  • 崔志清(1970—),女,本科,副主任护师,研究方向:食品营养学

通讯作者:

王尊,E-mail:
Association between dietary oxidative balance score and risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension
Zhi-qing CUI1, Zun WANG2
Affiliations
  • Nutrition Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410232
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目的

探讨高血压患者膳食氧化平衡评分(DOBS)与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联。

方法

纳入美国国家健康和营养调查(NHANES)2011—2018年4个调查周期中20岁及以上的高血压患者,采用加权logistic回归和限制性立方样条分析高血压患者DOBS与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联,并根据性别和年龄进行亚组分析。

结果

共纳入2 775名高血压患者,其中有349名(12.6%)肌肉减少症患者。校正协变量后,高血压患者中较高的DOBS和肌肉减少症患病风险降低相关;DOBS每增加一分,高血压患者发生肌肉减少症的风险降低11.4%(OR=0.886,95%CI:0.842~0.933)。作为分类变量,与Q1组相比,DOBS Q3组的OR值为0.331(95%CI: 0.116~0.941),Q4组的OR值为0.124(95%CI: 0.051~0.301)。限制性立方样条分析发现DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险呈线性负向剂量-反应关联(P非线性=0.148)。在不同性别和年龄的亚组分析中,DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险的关联保持一致(P交互>0.05)。

结论

高DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险降低相关。

膳食氧化平衡评分  /  高血压  /  肌肉减少症
Objective

To investigate the association between dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS) and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension.

Methods

Patients with hypertension aged 20 years and above who participated in four survey cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2018. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the association between DOBS and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension, and subgroups analysis was performed according to gender and age.

Results

A total of 2 775 patients with hypertension were included, with 349 (12.6%) diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for multiple covariates, higher DOBS were significantly associated with decreased risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension. For each one-point increase in DOBS, the risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension was reduced by 11.4% (OR=0.886, 95%CI: 0.842-0.933). As a categorical variable, the OR of DOBS Q3 group was 0.331 (95%CI: 0.116-0.941) and the OR of Q4 group was 0.124 (95%CI: 0.051-0.301) compared with Q1. A restricted cubic spline model indicated a linear negative dose-response association between DOBS and sarcopenia in patients with hypertension (P non-linear=0.148). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant interaction of gender and age on the association of DOBS and sarcopenia in patients with hypertension (P interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion

Higher DOBS is significantly associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension.

Hypertension  /  Sarcopenia  /  Dietary oxidative balance score  /  NHANES
崔志清, 王尊. 高血压患者膳食氧化平衡评分与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1791 -1795 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410232
Zhi-qing CUI, Zun WANG. Association between dietary oxidative balance score and risk of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1791 -1795 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410232
高血压是一种以血压升高为特征的疾病,会对心脏、脑血管、肾脏等多个靶器官造成损害[1]。肌肉减少症是指骨骼肌质量丢失、力量降低和躯体功能减退,它不仅会增加活动障碍和跌倒的风险,严重还可导致住院甚至死亡,因此早期识别和干预肌肉减少症的发生发展至关重要[2]。研究表明,高血压患者肌肉减少症患病率较高,二者常共同发病[3]。氧化应激是指体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡的一种状态,多种证据显示氧化应激和肌肉减少症之间存在着错综复杂的关系。氧化型辅酶II和线粒体氧化酶等氧化性物质可损害胰岛素信号通路,产生胰岛素抵抗,进而促进骨骼肌中蛋白质代谢分解增加、合成减少、FoxO基因表达和骨骼肌细胞自噬,导致肌肉减少[4]。活性氧是一种氧化物质,活性氧的过量积累会影响肌原纤维、运动神经元和肌浆网的功能,阻碍肌肉再生,并影响抗氧化物质的生成[5]。膳食氧化平衡评分(dietary oxidative balance score,DOBS)是评估膳食抗氧化物和氧化物摄入的综合指标,可综合反映个体从膳食中获得的抗氧化能力。既往研究提示,DOBS与肌肉减少症患病风险降低有关[6],但尚不清楚DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险的关联。本研究基于美国国家健康和营养调查数据(National Health and Nutrition Examination,NHANES)探讨高血压患者DOBS与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联,为从膳食干预的角度来预防及减少高血压患者肌肉减少症的发生风险提供科学依据。
本研究数据来自NHANES 2011—2018年的4个调查周期的2 775名高血压患者。研究对象的纳入标准为(1)年龄≥20岁;(2)诊断为高血压(医生曾告诉研究对象患有高血压或者目前正在服用治疗降压药或者三次血压平均值收缩压>140 mmHg 或舒张压>90 mmHg )。排除标准:(1)缺少DOBS数据的参与者;(2)缺少四肢骨骼肌质量数据的参与者。调查所有方案均获得美国国家卫生统计中心研究伦理审查委员会批准,并获得所有参与者的知情同意书(伦理审查批号:Protocol #2011-17和Protocol #2018-01)。研究人群筛选流程见图1
NHANES膳食数据来自24 h 膳食回顾访谈数据。本研究收集了两次24 h 膳食回顾调查中16种膳食营养成分数据,首先计算每种膳食营养成分摄入的平均值,然后按性别进行分组,每组根据三分位值进行赋值,最后将16种膳食营养成分的值求和,获得每个个体的DOBS,以反映个体氧化平衡的整体状态[7]。其中,14种抗氧化物质(膳食纤维、胡萝卜素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素B6、维生素B12、总叶酸、维生素C、维生素E、钙、镁、锌、铜、硒)按三分位值分别赋值2、1、0分,2种氧化物质(总脂肪和铁)分别赋值0、1、2分。DOBS分值越高表明个体从膳食中获取的抗氧化能力越高。
采用骨骼肌质量指数,即四肢骨骼肌质量(total appendicular skeletal muscle mass,ASM)与体重指数(body mass index,BMI)的比值判定是否患肌肉减少症。其中男性ASM/BMI<0.789,女性ASM/BMI<0.512即定义为患有肌肉减少症。该标准已广泛应用于NHANES数据库中肌肉减少症的相关研究[8]
协变量包括年龄、性别、教育、种族、婚姻、贫困比、BMI、慢性肾脏病(患者自报患有慢性肾脏病或肾小球滤过率<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 或尿白蛋白/肌酐>30 mg/g )、心血管疾病(患者自报患有心力衰竭、冠心病、心绞痛、心肌梗塞、中风之一)、糖尿病(患者自报患有糖尿病或目前正使用胰岛素或降糖药,或空腹血糖>7 mmol/L糖化血红蛋白≥6.5%)、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、饮酒量(去年12个月平均每天饮酒量(g/d)),血清可替宁(ng/ml)、体力活动(MET·min/week)。
采用R 4.3.2进行统计分析,并选择抽样权重变量WTDR2D除以调查周期数4作为最终权重变量进行回归分析。计量资料采用加权平均值±标准差进行描述,采用t检验进行比较,计数资料采用频数(加权百分比)进行描述,采用卡方检验进行比较。本研究采用加权logistic回归模型分析DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险的关联,其中模型1未调整协变量,模型2调整年龄、性别和种族,模型3在模型2的基础上调整教育、婚姻、贫困比、BMI、慢性肾脏病、心血管疾病、糖尿病、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、饮酒量、可替宁、体力活动。采用限制性立方样条(节点为4)拟合DOBS与高血压人群肌肉减少症患病风险之间的剂量-反应关联。此外,按年龄(≥50岁和<50岁)和性别进行亚组分析,分析DOBS和亚组之间的交互作用。所有统计分析的检验水准α =0.05。
共纳入2 775名研究对象,研究对象的基本特征详见表1。女性占比44.9%,平均年龄为46.4岁。肌肉减少症患者349名,占比12.6%。与非肌肉减少症患者相比,肌肉减少症患者年龄更大,教育和经济收入更低,甘油三酯和BMI更高,合并慢性肾脏病、心血管疾病、糖尿病的患者的比例较高。此外,肌肉减少症患者的DOBS显著低于非肌肉减少症患者(P<0.05)。
基于加权logistic回归分析DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症的关联(表2),结果显示,DOBS作为连续变量,每增加一分,高血压患者肌肉减少症的患病风险下降,校正多个协变量后,DOBS每增加一分,高血压患者发生肌肉减少症的风险降低11.4%(模型3:OR=0.886,95%CI:0.842~0.933)。将DOBS按四分位数分成Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4组,以Q1组作为参照,结果显示与Q1组相比,DOBS的Q3组(OR=0.331,95%CI:0.116~0.941)和Q4组(OR=0.124,95%CI:0.051~0.301)均与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险降低相关。趋势检验结果发现,高血压患者肌肉减少症的风险随着DOBS水平的升高而下降(P趋势 < 0.001)。
限制性立方样条分析显示,在调整多个协变量后,DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险存在线性负向剂量-反应关联(P总体 < 0.05),未发现二者之间存在非线性关联(P非线性 > 0.05)。(见图2)。
在不同性别和年龄的亚组中DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症患病风险的关联保持一致,交互作用检验显示DOBS与性别(P交互=0.057)及年龄(P交互=0.562)不存在交互作用。与Q1组相比,女性DOBS Q4组的OR值为0.143(95%CI:0.040~0.505),男性DOBS Q4组OR值为0.098(95%CI:0.030~0.319);50岁及以上患者DOBS Q4组OR值为0.081(95%CI:0.017~0.388),50岁以下OR值为0.166(95%CI:0.058~0.471)。(见图3)。
本研究利用一项美国的全国性调查数据进行分析,结果显示,高血压患者较高水平的DOBS与肌肉减少症患病风险降低显著相关,并且二者呈线性负向剂量-反应关联。在性别和年龄的高血压患者亚组中DOBS与肌肉减少症患病风险的关联保持一致。既往研究也显示出类似结果,如Xu和Chen等人[9-10]研究发现在不同年龄人群中DOBS均与肌肉减少症患病风险呈负相关。Aminianfar等人[11]在伊朗德黑兰对55岁以上的老年人开展的研究也显示出相似的负向关联。
氧化应激是导致肌肉减少症发生的重要病理机制[12]。GSSG(氧化型谷胱甘肽)/GSH(还原型谷胱甘肽)比率是衡量细胞内氧化还原平衡的重要指标。通常情况下,细胞内的GSH水平高于GSSG,因此GSSG/GSH比率较低。当细胞受到氧化应激时,GSH被氧化为GSSG,从而导致GSSG/GSH比率上升。Sullivan-Gunn等人[13]研究显示和无肌肉减少症的个体相比,肌肉减少症的个体GSSG/GSH比率明显上升,且差异具有统计学意义(8.4% vs 17.7%,P<0.001)。进一步研究显示参与氧化还原反应的酶和辅酶及ROS过度积累是诱发肌肉减少症的关键机制。线粒体氧化酶和氧化型辅酶II等可损害胰岛素信号通路,产生胰岛素抵抗,进而激活FoxO转录因子表达,促进骨骼肌中蛋白质代谢分解、减少蛋白质合成,同时促进骨骼肌细胞自噬分子过表达,进而导致肌肉减少[4]。过度积累的活性氧则会抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR肌肉蛋白合成通路下游靶点的磷酸化,减少蛋白质合成,同时促进钙蛋白酶生成,加速肌肉中的结构蛋白分解,导致肌肉质量显著降低[14]。此外过量的活性氧还会间接抑制超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶等抗氧化物质的活性,加剧氧化应激状态[15]
有研究显示,高血压患者体内蛋白质和脂质过氧化水平显著升高,而超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶和总抗氧化水平则显著降低[16-18]。高血压患者体内的氧化应激状态会通过胰岛素抵抗、肌肉蛋白合成通路和钙蛋白酶等途径,影响肌肉细胞能量的获取和蛋白质的生成,减少肌肉质量[19]。通过膳食摄入的抗氧化物质可显著改善体内的氧化应激状态,降低肌肉减少症的发生风险。Welch等人[20]研究显示膳食中增加类胡萝卜素、维生素C和维生素E等抗氧化物质的摄入与肌肉质量增加相关。Frampton等人[21]研究显示较高的膳食纤维摄入量和四肢肌肉质量增加相关(β=0.34 g/kg,95%CI:0.23~0.45 g/kg)。Cai等人[22]研究显示较高的DOBS与中青年人群较低的肌肉减少症患病风险相关(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.92~0.97)。上述研究和本研究结果类似,提示可通过补充膳食补充剂和富含抗氧化物质的食物,提高膳食氧化平衡评分,降低高血压患者肌肉减少症的风险。
本研究仍存在一些局限性:第一,本研究是基于NHANES数据开展的横断面研究,未能明确DOBS与高血压患者肌肉减少症的因果关系;第二,本研究通过问卷调查的形式获取患者的膳食摄入量,可能存在自我报告偏倚,影响测量的准确性;第三,仅考虑膳食中摄取的营养含量,未考虑膳食补充剂中营养含量对患者的影响,可能对结果产生一定偏差。
综上所述,本研究发现高血压患者高DOBS与肌肉减少症患病风险降低显著相关,且存在线性负向剂量-反应关联。后续可通过调整饮食结构,补充富含抗氧化物质的食物摄入和增加膳食补充剂来提高DOBS,以预防及减少高血压患者肌肉减少症的患病风险。
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2025年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410232
  • 接收时间:2024-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-17
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    1.首都医科大学宣武医院营养膳食部,北京 100053
    2.北京市丰台区右安门社区卫生服务中心公共卫生部

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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