Article(id=1240977221750411773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412244, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734019200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801625907, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801625907, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801625907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801625907, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1742, endPage=1747, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977222278894103, articleId=1240977221750411773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly populations: analysis of the modulating role of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on association strength, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the correlation between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in elderly populations, and to investigate whether the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) modulates this association.

Methods

This study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort data from 2014 to 2018. The baseline was set in 2014, and participants were prospectively followed for 4 years until the follow-up ended in 2018. Participants were divided into two groups according to the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI): the nutritionally normal group (GNRI ≥ 98) and the malnutrition group (GNRI < 98). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess differences in survival rates between the groups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was employed to explore the non-linear relationship between GNRI and survival risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations of GNRI and CKM stratifications with survival risk and to investigate the interaction effect of CKM staging.

Results

A total of 1 725 elderly participants were included, and during the 4-year follow-up, 530 cases of all-cause mortality and 160 cases of CVD mortality were recorded. Significant differences in survival probabilities of all-cause and CVD mortality were observed among different GNRI groups (both P<0.001). GNRI showed a linear negative correlation with both all-cause and CVD mortality risks (P<0.001, P for non-linearity>0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the nutritionally normal group, the elderly in the poor nutrition group had a 63% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.34 - 1.97) and a 45% higher risk of CVD mortality (HR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.07). Additionally, CKM staging had a significant modulating effect on the association between GNRI and all-cause mortality risk (P for interaction < 0.05), but it did not have a significant modulating effect on the association between GNRI and CVD mortality risk (P for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion

GNRI is an independent predictor of all-cause and CVD mortality risk in elderly populations, and its protective effect against all-cause mortality risk is more pronounced in patients with earlier CKM staging.

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目的

分析老年营养风险指数(geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI)与老年人群全因死亡和心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)死亡风险的相关性,并探讨心血管-肾脏-代谢综合征(cardiovascular-renal-metabolic syndrome,CKM)是否调节该关联性。

方法

基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey,CLHLS)2014-2018队列数据,以2014年为基线时间,对参与者进行为期4年的前瞻性观察,直至2018年随访结束。将参与者根据GNRI划分为营养正常组(GNRI≥98)和不良组(GNRI<98)。采用Kaplan-Meier法和log-rank检验评估不同组别的生存率差异,采用限制性立方样条图(restricted cubic spline,RCS)探讨GNRI与生存风险的非线性关系。应用Cox比例风险模型,评估GNRI分组和CKM分组与生存风险的关系,并探讨CKM分期的调节作用。

结果

共纳入1 725名老年人,在4年随访期间,记录到530例全因死亡和160例CVD死亡。不同GNRI分组的老年人群在全因死亡和CVD死亡的生存概率上存在显著差异(均P<0.001),GNRI与全因死亡和CVD死亡风险之间存在线性负相关(P<0.001,P non linear>0.05)。在校正混杂因素后,与营养正常组相比,营养不良组的老年人群全因死亡风险增加63%(HR=1.63,95%CI:1.34~1.97),CVD死亡风险增加45%(HR=1.45,95%CI:1.01~2.07)。且CKM分期对GNRI与全因死亡风险联具有显著的调节作用(P for interaction < 0.05),对GNRI与CVD死亡风险的关联调节作用不显著(P for interaction > 0.05)。

结论

GNRI是老年人群全因死亡和CVD死亡风险的独立预测因子,且在CKM分期较早的患者中,GNRI对全因死亡风险的保护作用更为显著。

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朴美花,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+JM4Cqf6huPOkGt+uQ9wAg==, magXml=EaOOpYzvEVvPIXQi56f52g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=sLIzC4NA3QiJNgLO6vBX/w==, pdfFileSize=756778, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=AXbYxRTiN1E/4dDrTd3iMA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=moUtWU72s6YbRzV87BhEfA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴政燮(1983—),男,硕士,研究方向:心血管代谢性疾病早期防治

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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2023, 10: 1203130., articleTitle=Geriatric nutrition risk index in the prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly hypertensive population: NHANES 1999-2016, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996917556073184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Li Y, Shen J, Hou XL, journalName=Frontiers in Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Y, Shen J, Hou XL, et al. Geriatric nutritional risk index predicts all-cause mortality in the oldest-old patients with acute coronary syndrome: A 10-year cohort study[J]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2023, 10: 1129978., articleTitle=Geriatric nutritional risk index predicts all-cause mortality in the oldest-old patients with acute coronary syndrome: A 10-year cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996917660930791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Xing LZ, Xiong JC, Hu QY, journalName=Frontiers in Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xing LZ, Xiong JC, Hu QY, et al. Comparative analysis of four nutritional scores in predicting adverse outcomes in biopsy-confirmed diabetic kidney Disease[J]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2024, 11: 1352030., articleTitle=Comparative analysis of four nutritional scores in predicting adverse outcomes in biopsy-confirmed diabetic kidney Disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240996912506130861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, awardId=ydkj202230, language=CN, fundingSource=延边大学应用基础项目(ydkj202230), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996906915123267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996906923511877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, companyId=1240996906915123267, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996906936094789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, companyId=1240996906915123267, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=延边大学附属医院医学检验科,吉林 延吉 133000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996911407223095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves of Elderly Populations in Different GNRI Groups at 4-Year Follow-Up, figureFileSmall=RGez8wjEcl1GQFO8Tqx3CA==, figureFileBig=i/9BybptuvTe52Ho8YV2Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996911507886405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同GNRI分组的老年人群随访4年时的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线

注:图A为全因死亡率;图B为CVD死亡率。

, figureFileSmall=RGez8wjEcl1GQFO8Tqx3CA==, figureFileBig=i/9BybptuvTe52Ho8YV2Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996911642104147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Restricted Cubic Spline Analysis of GNRI and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and CVD Mortality, figureFileSmall=KmSBQ9CPqPhCLzabQETMiA==, figureFileBig=RghgIfHaFLsvMb6OLS2fjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996911742767452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GNRI与全因死亡风险和CVD死亡风险的RCS分析

注:图A为全因死亡;图B为CVD死亡。

, figureFileSmall=KmSBQ9CPqPhCLzabQETMiA==, figureFileBig=RghgIfHaFLsvMb6OLS2fjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996911826653539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of baseline data of study subjects in different GNRI groups[n(%),M(P25P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究变量营养正常组
(n = 1 302)
营养不良组
(n = 423)
z/χ2P
年龄(岁)81(72, 90)91(85, 100)-14.34<0.001
男性712(54.69)174(41.13)23.47<0.001
吸烟412(31.64)107(25.30)6.120.013
饮酒386(29.65)102(24.11)4.820.028
社交(每天参加)223(17.13)36(8.51)18.58<0.001
教育(文盲)698(53.61)309(73.05)54.11<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)22.45(20.54, 24.65)18.38(17.06, 20.26)-20.93<0.001
FPG(mmol/L)5.09(4.53, 5.90)4.95(4.34, 5.75)-2.390.017
CHO(mmol/L)4.83(4.27, 5.54)4.36(3.83, 5.04)-8.64<0.001
TG(mmol/L)1.13(0.83, 1.59)0.94(0.73, 1.23)-7.41<0.001
hs-CRP(mg/L)1.03(0.52, 2.13)1.56(0.64, 4.17)-6.52<0.001
UA(umol/L)292(245, 346)275(223, 338)-3.35<0.001
维生素D3(ng/ ml)41.50(30.50, 56.08)34.80(25.10, 48.65)-6.17<0.001
GNRI105.43(102.30, 108.56)94.25(90.75, 96.26)-30.94<0.001
CKM分期78.40<0.001
0期77(5.91)44(10.40)
1期48(3.69)7(1.65)
2期262(20.12)17(4.02)
3期741(56.91)307(72.58)
4期174(13.36)48(11.35)
全因死亡303(23.27)227(53.66)138.56<0.001
CVD死亡99(7.60)61(14.42)17.63<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996911931511150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同GNRI分组研究对象基线资料比较[n(%),M(P25P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究变量营养正常组
(n = 1 302)
营养不良组
(n = 423)
z/χ2P
年龄(岁)81(72, 90)91(85, 100)-14.34<0.001
男性712(54.69)174(41.13)23.47<0.001
吸烟412(31.64)107(25.30)6.120.013
饮酒386(29.65)102(24.11)4.820.028
社交(每天参加)223(17.13)36(8.51)18.58<0.001
教育(文盲)698(53.61)309(73.05)54.11<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)22.45(20.54, 24.65)18.38(17.06, 20.26)-20.93<0.001
FPG(mmol/L)5.09(4.53, 5.90)4.95(4.34, 5.75)-2.390.017
CHO(mmol/L)4.83(4.27, 5.54)4.36(3.83, 5.04)-8.64<0.001
TG(mmol/L)1.13(0.83, 1.59)0.94(0.73, 1.23)-7.41<0.001
hs-CRP(mg/L)1.03(0.52, 2.13)1.56(0.64, 4.17)-6.52<0.001
UA(umol/L)292(245, 346)275(223, 338)-3.35<0.001
维生素D3(ng/ ml)41.50(30.50, 56.08)34.80(25.10, 48.65)-6.17<0.001
GNRI105.43(102.30, 108.56)94.25(90.75, 96.26)-30.94<0.001
CKM分期78.40<0.001
0期77(5.91)44(10.40)
1期48(3.69)7(1.65)
2期262(20.12)17(4.02)
3期741(56.91)307(72.58)
4期174(13.36)48(11.35)
全因死亡303(23.27)227(53.66)138.56<0.001
CVD死亡99(7.60)61(14.42)17.63<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912023785848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of All-Cause Mortality and CVD Mortality Risks by Different GNRI Groups and CKM tages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究结局分组模型1模型2模型3
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
全因死亡GNRI分组
正常组1.001.001.00
不良组2.90(2.44~3.45)<0.0011.73(1.45~2.08)<0.0011.63(1.34~1.97)<0.001
CKM分期
0期1.001.001.00
1期0.37(0.13~1.06)0.0641.03(0.35~3.00)0.9640.98(0.33~2.86)0.964
2期0.25(0.13~0.48)<0.0010.89(0.44~1.78)0.7370.87(0.43~1.75)0.701
3期2.38(1.56~3.62)<0.0011.72(1.12~2.65)0.0131.60(1.03~2.49)0.036
4期1.97(1.23~3.14)0.0042.08(1.29~3.34)0.0031.84(1.13~2.99)0.014
CVD死亡GNRI分组
正常组1.001.001.00
不良组2.38(1.73~3.28)<0.0011.55(1.11~2.18)0.0111.45(1.01~2.07)0.043
CKM分期
0期1.001.001.00
1期1.05(0.10~11.63)0.9652.42(0.22~27.15)0.4742.19(0.19~24.72)0.526
2期0.81(0.15~4.42)0.8072.44(0.43~13.81)0.3142.66(0.47~15.15)0.271
3期8.06(1.99~32.59)0.0036.40(1.56~26.18)0.0106.57(1.59~27.14)0.009
4期9.02(2.16~37.75)0.0039.71(2.30~41.05)0.0029.73(2.27~41.63)0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912137032068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同GNRI分组和CKM分期与全因死亡和CVD死亡风险比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究结局分组模型1模型2模型3
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
全因死亡GNRI分组
正常组1.001.001.00
不良组2.90(2.44~3.45)<0.0011.73(1.45~2.08)<0.0011.63(1.34~1.97)<0.001
CKM分期
0期1.001.001.00
1期0.37(0.13~1.06)0.0641.03(0.35~3.00)0.9640.98(0.33~2.86)0.964
2期0.25(0.13~0.48)<0.0010.89(0.44~1.78)0.7370.87(0.43~1.75)0.701
3期2.38(1.56~3.62)<0.0011.72(1.12~2.65)0.0131.60(1.03~2.49)0.036
4期1.97(1.23~3.14)0.0042.08(1.29~3.34)0.0031.84(1.13~2.99)0.014
CVD死亡GNRI分组
正常组1.001.001.00
不良组2.38(1.73~3.28)<0.0011.55(1.11~2.18)0.0111.45(1.01~2.07)0.043
CKM分期
0期1.001.001.00
1期1.05(0.10~11.63)0.9652.42(0.22~27.15)0.4742.19(0.19~24.72)0.526
2期0.81(0.15~4.42)0.8072.44(0.43~13.81)0.3142.66(0.47~15.15)0.271
3期8.06(1.99~32.59)0.0036.40(1.56~26.18)0.0106.57(1.59~27.14)0.009
4期9.02(2.16~37.75)0.0039.71(2.30~41.05)0.0029.73(2.27~41.63)0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912233501070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Moderating effect of CKM staging on the association between GNRI and all-cause mortality as well as CVD mortality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目全部对象
(n=1 725)
全因死亡CVD死亡
HR(95%CI)PP交互HR(95%CI)PP交互
CKM分期0.0490.451
0~2期455(26.38)0.91(0.86~0.95)<0.0011.05(0.89~1.25)0.570
3~4期1 270(73.62)0.96(0.94~0.97)<0.0010.96(0.94~0.99)0.008
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912317387164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977221750411773, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CKM分期对GNRI与全因死亡及CVD死亡之间关联的调节效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目全部对象
(n=1 725)
全因死亡CVD死亡
HR(95%CI)PP交互HR(95%CI)PP交互
CKM分期0.0490.451
0~2期455(26.38)0.91(0.86~0.95)<0.0011.05(0.89~1.25)0.570
3~4期1 270(73.62)0.96(0.94~0.97)<0.0010.96(0.94~0.99)0.008
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老年营养风险指数与老年人群全因死亡和心血管死亡风险的相关性研究:心血管-肾脏-代谢综合征对关联强度的调节作用分析
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吴政燮 , 刘铭玥 , 韩才均 , 崔海霞 , 曲政 , 朴美花
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(10): 1742-1747
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(10): 1742-1747
老年营养风险指数与老年人群全因死亡和心血管死亡风险的相关性研究:心血管-肾脏-代谢综合征对关联强度的调节作用分析
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吴政燮, 刘铭玥, 韩才均, 崔海霞, 曲政, 朴美花
作者信息
  • 延边大学附属医院医学检验科,吉林 延吉 133000
  • 吴政燮(1983—),男,硕士,研究方向:心血管代谢性疾病早期防治

通讯作者:

朴美花,E-mail:
Study on the correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly populations: analysis of the modulating role of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on association strength
Zheng-xie WU, Ming-yue LIU, Cai-jun HAN, Hai-xia CUI, Zheng QU, Mei-hua PIAO
Affiliations
  • Department of Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412244
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目的

分析老年营养风险指数(geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI)与老年人群全因死亡和心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)死亡风险的相关性,并探讨心血管-肾脏-代谢综合征(cardiovascular-renal-metabolic syndrome,CKM)是否调节该关联性。

方法

基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey,CLHLS)2014-2018队列数据,以2014年为基线时间,对参与者进行为期4年的前瞻性观察,直至2018年随访结束。将参与者根据GNRI划分为营养正常组(GNRI≥98)和不良组(GNRI<98)。采用Kaplan-Meier法和log-rank检验评估不同组别的生存率差异,采用限制性立方样条图(restricted cubic spline,RCS)探讨GNRI与生存风险的非线性关系。应用Cox比例风险模型,评估GNRI分组和CKM分组与生存风险的关系,并探讨CKM分期的调节作用。

结果

共纳入1 725名老年人,在4年随访期间,记录到530例全因死亡和160例CVD死亡。不同GNRI分组的老年人群在全因死亡和CVD死亡的生存概率上存在显著差异(均P<0.001),GNRI与全因死亡和CVD死亡风险之间存在线性负相关(P<0.001,P non linear>0.05)。在校正混杂因素后,与营养正常组相比,营养不良组的老年人群全因死亡风险增加63%(HR=1.63,95%CI:1.34~1.97),CVD死亡风险增加45%(HR=1.45,95%CI:1.01~2.07)。且CKM分期对GNRI与全因死亡风险联具有显著的调节作用(P for interaction < 0.05),对GNRI与CVD死亡风险的关联调节作用不显著(P for interaction > 0.05)。

结论

GNRI是老年人群全因死亡和CVD死亡风险的独立预测因子,且在CKM分期较早的患者中,GNRI对全因死亡风险的保护作用更为显著。

老年人  /  老年营养风险指数  /  心血管-肾脏-代谢综合征  /  全因死亡  /  心血管死亡
Objective

To analyze the correlation between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in elderly populations, and to investigate whether the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) modulates this association.

Methods

This study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort data from 2014 to 2018. The baseline was set in 2014, and participants were prospectively followed for 4 years until the follow-up ended in 2018. Participants were divided into two groups according to the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI): the nutritionally normal group (GNRI ≥ 98) and the malnutrition group (GNRI < 98). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess differences in survival rates between the groups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was employed to explore the non-linear relationship between GNRI and survival risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations of GNRI and CKM stratifications with survival risk and to investigate the interaction effect of CKM staging.

Results

A total of 1 725 elderly participants were included, and during the 4-year follow-up, 530 cases of all-cause mortality and 160 cases of CVD mortality were recorded. Significant differences in survival probabilities of all-cause and CVD mortality were observed among different GNRI groups (both P<0.001). GNRI showed a linear negative correlation with both all-cause and CVD mortality risks (P<0.001, P for non-linearity>0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the nutritionally normal group, the elderly in the poor nutrition group had a 63% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.34 - 1.97) and a 45% higher risk of CVD mortality (HR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.07). Additionally, CKM staging had a significant modulating effect on the association between GNRI and all-cause mortality risk (P for interaction < 0.05), but it did not have a significant modulating effect on the association between GNRI and CVD mortality risk (P for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion

GNRI is an independent predictor of all-cause and CVD mortality risk in elderly populations, and its protective effect against all-cause mortality risk is more pronounced in patients with earlier CKM staging.

Elderly  /  Geriatric nutritional risk index  /  Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome  /  All-cause mortality  /  Cardiovascular mortality
吴政燮, 刘铭玥, 韩才均, 崔海霞, 曲政, 朴美花. 老年营养风险指数与老年人群全因死亡和心血管死亡风险的相关性研究:心血管-肾脏-代谢综合征对关联强度的调节作用分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1742 -1747 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412244
Zheng-xie WU, Ming-yue LIU, Cai-jun HAN, Hai-xia CUI, Zheng QU, Mei-hua PIAO. Study on the correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly populations: analysis of the modulating role of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on association strength[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1742 -1747 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412244
心血管-肾脏-代谢综合征(cardiovascular-renal-metabolic syndrome,CKM)是一个新定义的疾病概念,涉及代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)、心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)和慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)之间的复杂相互作用。CKM的病理生理机制涉及胰岛素抵抗、内皮功能障碍、炎症反应及氧化应激等关键因素[1],这些机制也可能因营养不良而加剧,从而导致多器官功能障碍,并显著增加心血管事件的风险[2-4]。老年营养风险指数(geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI),由Bouillanne等[5]于2005年提出,作为评估老年人营养状态的工具,已被证明能够早期识别营养不良的患者,并且在特定人群中,GNRI与全因死亡率及心血管死亡率之间存在密切关联[6-8]。然而,目前针对GNRI与CKM在老年群体中的综合研究仍较少。
因此,本研究基于前瞻性队列研究设计,探讨GNRI与老年人群的全因死亡和CVD死亡风险之间的相关性,并研究CKM分期是否调节该关联性。本研究旨在为CKM老年人群的早期干预和主动预防提供科学依据。
本研究数据来源于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey,CLHLS),选用CLHLS 2014-2018队列随访数据[9]。该项目由北京大学健康老龄与发展研究中心开展,并获得北京大学生物医学伦理委员会批准(IRB00001052-13074),被访者及其家属对调查和样本采集均已签署知情同意。本研究以2014年为基线时间,对参与者进行为期4年的前瞻性观察,直至2018年随访结束。研究初筛时纳入2 546人,排除2018年失访(n=333)、缺失健康体检指标(n=190)、缺失生物医学指标(n=228)、极端值(身高<100 cm、体重<30 kg、腰围<40 cm)(n=70)的研究对象,最终纳入分析1 725名研究对象。
问卷调查的方式获取研究对象的一般人口学特征(年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、社交、教育),通过现场测量的方式获取健康体检指标[身高、体重、腰围、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)],通过现场采集的方式获得实验室指标[血清白蛋白(serum albumin,ALB)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CHO)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、肌酐(creatinine,Scr)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、维生素D3、超敏C-反应蛋白(high-sensitivity c-reactive protein,hs-CRP)]。通过2018年随访确定调查对象是否存活,对死亡老人的家属进行死亡问卷调查,收集死亡日期和死亡原因等信息。
(1)GNRI=[1.489×ALB(g/L)]+[41.7×实际体重(kg)/理想体重(kg)],理想体重(男性)=身高(cm)-100-[(身高-150)/4];理想体重(女性)=身高(cm)-100-[(身高-150)/2.5]。如果实际体重大于理想体重,则实际体重/理想体重设为1。所有研究对象根据GNRI评分划分为正常组(GNRI ≥ 98)和不良组(GNRI < 98)[5]。(2)肾小球滤过率(eGFR)计算公式:①女性:若Scr≤ 0.7 mg/L,eGFR=144×(Scr/0.7)-0.329×0.993年龄,若 Scr>0.7 mg/L,eGFR=144×(Scr/0.7)-1.209×0.993 年龄;②男性:若Scr≤0.9 mg/L,eGFR=141×(Scr/0.9)-0.411×0.993年龄,若 Scr>0.9 mg/L,eGFR=141×(Scr/0.9)-1.209×0.993年龄[10]。(3)身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)计算公式:BMI=体重(kg)/身高的平方(m2)。
(1)超重/肥胖:BMI ≥23 kg/m2;腹部肥胖:腰围≥80/90 cm(女/男);糖尿病前期:FPG:5.56~6.93 mmol/L,且没有自我报告的糖尿病诊断;糖尿病:FPG≥6.94 mmol/L或自我报告的糖尿病诊断;高血压:SBP≥130 mmHg或DBP≥80 mmHg或自我报告的高血压诊断;高甘油三酯:TG≥1.52 mmol/L。(2)代谢综合征:以下三项及以上:①腰围≥80/90 cm(女/男);②HDL-C≤1.29/1.03 mmol/L(女/男);③TG≥1.69 mmol/L;④SBP≥130 mmHg或DBP≥80 mmHg或自我报告的高血压诊断;⑤FPG≥5.56 mmol/L。(3)临床CVD:慢性心力衰竭、冠心病、心脏病发作或中风的病史。(4)亚临床CVD:符合改善全球肾脏病预后组织(kidney disease: improving global outcomes,KDIGO)分类中的高风险CKD或预测的10年心血管疾病风险≥20%[11]
(1)CKM 0期:个体无任何CKM风险因素;(2)CKM 1期:个体存在超重/肥胖、腹部肥胖,但无其他代谢风险因素(高甘油三酯、高血压、代谢综合征、糖尿病)或CKD;(3)CKM 2期:个体存在代谢风险因素或CKD的个体;(4)CKM 3期:存在超重/肥胖、腹部肥胖、其他代谢风险因素或CKD的个体中,亚临床CVD;(5)CKM 4期:具有超重/肥胖、腹部肥胖、其他代谢风险因素或CKD的个体中,临床心血管疾病CVD[1]
采用R 4.3.2软件进行统计分析和制图。本研究连续性变量均不符合正态分布,以M(P25P75)表示,组间差异采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;以 [n(%)] 表示计数数据,两组间差异采用χ2检验。使用Kaplan-Meier法分别绘制全因死亡和CVD死亡的生存曲线,并通过log-rank检验评估不同组别间生存概率的差异。采用限制性立方样条图(RCS)探讨GNRI与生存风险之间的非线性关系,使用Cox比例风险模型调整混杂因素,评估GNRI分组和CKM分组与生存风险的关系,并探讨CKM分期是否会调节这种关系。检验水准为α=0.05。
1 725人研究对象的年龄83(74,92)岁,其中男性886人(51.36%),4年随访期间共计全因死亡530例和CVD死亡160例。营养正常组有1 302人(75.48%),不良组的有423人(24.52%)。两组研究对象在年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、社交、教育、BMI、FPG、CHO、TG、hs-CRP、UA、维生素D3、CKM分期、全因死亡和CVD死亡等特征的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1
Log-rank检验结果表明,不同GNRI分组的老年人群全因死亡和CVD死亡生存概率存在差异,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001),见图1
RCS分析结果表明,GNRI与全因死亡和CVD死亡风险之间存在线性负相关(均P<0.001,P non linear>0.05),见图2
在校正了人口学特征和实验室指标等混杂因素后,与营养正常组相比,营养不良组在随访4年时全因死亡风险增加了63%(HR=1.63,95%CI:1.34~1.97),CVD死亡风险增加了45%(HR=1.45,95%CI:1.01~2.07)。与CKM 0期相比,3期的全因死亡风险增加了60%(HR=1.60,95%CI:1.03~2.49),4期的全因死亡风险增加了84%(HR=1.84,95%CI:1.13~ 2.99);CVD死亡风险增加了557%(HR=6.57,95%CI:1.59~27.14),4期的CVD死亡风险增加了873%(HR=9.73,95%CI:2.27~41.63),见表2
调节效应结果表明,GNRI与全因死亡风险在CKM 0~2期和CKM 3~4期患者中均显著相关(P<0.05),CKM分期对GNRI与全因死亡风险的关联具有显著的调节作用(P for interaction < 0.05)。GNRI与CVD死亡风险在CKM 0~2期存在关联,但该差异不具备统计学意义(P>0.05),而在CKM3~4期患者中显著相关(P<0.05),CKM分期对GNRI与CVD死亡风险的关联无显著调节作用(P for interaction>0.05),见表3
本研究利用CLHLS这一全国代表性队列数据,采用GNRI作为评估工具,探究了CKM分期对老年人群的全因死亡及CVD死亡风险之间的关联调节作用。研究发现,营养不良组显著增加了老年人群的全因死亡和CVD死亡风险,且CKM分期对GNRI与全因死亡风险的关联具有显著的调节作用。
GNRI通过结合ALB、身高和体重,提供了一种客观、全面的营养评估方法,尤其适合用于老年人群的营养风险评估[12]。本研究发现,与营养正常组相比,不良组的多项生理指标(如BMI、FPG、CHO、TG、UA、维生素D3)均有所降低,这表明GNRI能够有效反映营养不良状态。特别是在CKM 3期和4期中,营养不良的比例显著高于正常组,进一步证实了GNRI在预测CKM进展中的价值。相关研究表明,营养不良可能导致胰岛素抵抗、炎症和氧化应激等[13-15],这些因素有可能促进CKM的发展,并增加相关死亡风险[16-17]
本研究发现,在四年随访中,营养不良组的全因死亡风险增加了63%(HR=1.63,95%CI:1.34~1.97),CVD死亡风险增加了45%(HR=1.45,95%CI:1.01~2.07)。与杨苏瑞等人[18]的研究类似,分析其可能原因:首先,营养不良会导致免疫系统功能下降,更容易受到感染威胁[19]。其次,营养摄入减少、机体高消耗状态及营养素生物利用率降低等因素可能会加速慢性病的发展[20]。然后,营养不良迫使心脏消耗更多能量,影响心肌收缩和舒张功能[19-21]。本研究发现,与CKM 0期相比,CKM 3期和4期患者的全因死亡风险和CVD死亡风险显著增加,这不仅归因于代谢异常和慢性肾病本身的影响,年龄也是一个关键因素[2]。因为老年人的心血管和肾脏功能更容易受到损害,对医疗干预也迟钝,这些因素共同作用,使得CVD风险显著上升[22]
本研究发现,不同GNRI分组的老年人群在全因死亡和CVD死亡的生存概率上存在显著差异,GNRI与全因死亡和CVD死亡风险之间存在线性负相关,这说明随着GNRI值的增加,老年人的全因死亡和CVD死亡风险逐渐降低。这种线性关系的发现进一步支持了GNRI作为评估老年人营养状况和预测生存结局的有效工具,与Cheng等人[8]报道一致。进一步的调节效应分析表明,GNRI与全因死亡风险在CKM 0~2期和CKM 3~4期患者中均显著相关,且CKM 0~2期的老年人群,高GNRI值的保护作用更为显著。这一结果提示,在CKM早期阶段,改善营养状况可能对降低全因死亡风险具有更大的益处[23]。另一方面,GNRI与CVD死亡风险在CKM 0~2期患者中存在关联[7],但该差异不具备统计学意义(P>0.05),而在CKM3~4期患者中显著相关。这一发现提示,尽管GNRI在CKM3~4期患者中对CVD死亡风险的预测能力较强[24-25],但在其他CKM分期中的应用仍需进一步探讨和验证。
综上所述,GNRI是老年人群全因死亡和CVD死亡风险的独立预测因子,且在CKM分期较早的患者中,GNRI对全因死亡风险的保护作用可能更为显著。这一发现强调了在老年人群中,尤其是在CKM 0~2期患者中,改善营养状况对降低死亡风险的重要性。未来研究可进一步探讨GNRI与CKM分期相互作用的具体机制,并为个体化干预提供依据。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,特定亚组(如CKM 0~2期)的CVD死亡数量有限,这可能影响结果的普遍性,适用性需要谨慎评估;其次,某些未测量的因素(如社会支持、医学干预、运动锻炼等)仍可能对结果产生影响。鉴于上述局限性,有必要建立多中心、大样本的研究来进一步验证这些发现,并探索适合这些特殊人群的营养评价工具。
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2025年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412244
  • 接收时间:2024-12-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-13
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延边大学应用基础项目(ydkj202230)
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    延边大学附属医院医学检验科,吉林 延吉 133000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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