Article(id=1240977220915753955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412220, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801625707, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801625707, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801625707, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801625707, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1831, endPage=1836, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977221238715384, articleId=1240977220915753955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of community environment on the cognitive function trajectory of older adults, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the impact of community environment on the trajectory of cognitive function among older adults in China, providing a reference for promoting the construction of age-friendly communities and actively addressing aging.
Methods Based on the data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey from 2014 to 2020, 4 269 elderly individuals were selected. A group-based trajectory model was applied to construct trajectories of cognitive function changes, and a multinomial unordered logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between community environment and trajectories of cognitive function.
Results Three groups of cognitive function trajectories were identified: “Low Decline Group” (21.06%), “Moderate Stable Group” (66.19%), and “High Stable Group” (12.75%). Taking the “low decline group” as the reference group, after controlling for individual basic characteristics and health characteristics, it was found that the higher the community environment score of the elderly, the more their trajectory tended to be in the “High Stable Group” (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.93-1.30; OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.21-1.66), indicating that the community environment has a protective effect on the cognitive decline of the elderly. Stratified analysis showed that compared to females and the elderly living alone, the improvement of the community environment is more beneficial for males and the non-living alone elderly to slow down their cognitive decline.
Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the cognitive function trajectories of the elderly, and the community environment affects the attribution of cognitive function trajectories. Optimizing the community environment for males and non-lonely elderly can significantly protect their cognitive function.
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目的 探讨社区环境对我国老年人认知功能轨迹的影响,为推动老龄友好社区建设和积极应对老龄化提供参考。
方法 基于2014—2020年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,选取4 269名老年人,应用组基轨迹模型构建认知功能变化轨迹,运用多分类无序logistic回归模型分析社区环境与认知功能轨迹的关联。
结果 识别出3组认知功能轨迹:“低下降组”(21.06%)、“中稳定组”(66.19%)、“高稳定组”(12.75%)。以“低下降组”作为参照组,在控制个人基本特征及生活与健康状况特征后,发现老年人的社区环境得分越高,其轨迹归属越趋向于“高稳定组”(OR=1.10,95% CI:0.93~1.30;OR=1.41,95% CI:1.21~1.66),说明社区环境对老年人认知衰退具有保护作用。分层分析显示,相较于女性和独居老人,男性和非独居老人所处社区环境的改善更有利于延缓认知衰退。
结论 老年人认知功能轨迹存在异质性,社区环境显著影响认知功能轨迹,男性和非独居老人所处社区环境的优化更能显著保护其认知功能。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=okuKxsj1eAnn5mis+2wAJQ==, magXml=5mgmQ9XL0ckRj82Mcg8ryg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vBkgMjez55ehxUxLoAsolg==, pdfFileSize=640215, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=MUUcM7dXPGFFD5ga+cDhKA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TuhT15aC3eSyGLbB8sdahA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
蒋晨悦(2001—)女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理
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Older Adults cognitive function trajectory group, figureFileSmall=1GGPQq/NF5dtvmh7nIOmcQ==, figureFileBig=YeltS8fBjDX+Ts8wcDhTGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996912929755612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
老年人认知功能轨迹组, figureFileSmall=1GGPQq/NF5dtvmh7nIOmcQ==, figureFileBig=YeltS8fBjDX+Ts8wcDhTGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996913055584746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
The trajectory model fitting parameters
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| 轨迹组别 | 组群规模 | 样本比例(%) | 估计的组群身份概率π(%) | 组群平均后验概率 AvePP |
|---|
| 低下降组 | 829 | 21.06 | 19.42 | 0.821 |
| 中稳定组 | 2 916 | 66.19 | 68.31 | 0.880 |
| 高稳定组 | 524 | 12.75 | 12.27 | 0.788 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240996913164636661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
轨迹模型拟合参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 轨迹组别 | 组群规模 | 样本比例(%) | 估计的组群身份概率π(%) | 组群平均后验概率 AvePP |
|---|
| 低下降组 | 829 | 21.06 | 19.42 | 0.821 |
| 中稳定组 | 2 916 | 66.19 | 68.31 | 0.880 |
| 高稳定组 | 524 | 12.75 | 12.27 | 0.788 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240996913256911356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of baseline characteristics among different cognitive function trajectory groups
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 认知功能轨迹 | F/χ2 | P |
|---|
| 低下降组 | 中稳定组 | 高稳定组 |
|---|
| 年龄(岁) | 73.49±7.99 | 68.89±7.35 | 67.62±7.43 | 8.19 | <0.001 |
| 性别 | | | | 22.93 | <0.001 |
| 男性 | 371(44.75) | 1 547(53.05) | 296(56.49) | | |
| 女性 | 458(55.25) | 1 369(46.95) | 228(43.51) | | |
| 居住地 | | | | 119.06 | <0.001 |
| 农村 | 499(60.19) | 1 264(43.35) | 165(31.49) | | |
| 城镇 | 330(39.81) | 1 652(56.65) | 359(68.51) | | |
| 婚姻情况 | | | | 87.09 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶 | 375(45.24) | 874(29.97) | 126(24.05) | | |
| 有配偶 | 454(54.76) | 2 042(70.03) | 398(75.95) | | |
| 教育程度 | | | | 237.30 | <0.001 |
| 文盲 | 421(50.78) | 745(25.55) | 93(17.75) | | |
| 非文盲 | 408(49.22) | 2 171(74.45) | 431(82.25) | | |
| 居住方式 | | | | 16.75 | <0.001 |
| 独居 | 131(15.80) | 339(11.63) | 46(8.78) | | |
| 非独居 | 698(84.20) | 2 577(88.37) | 478(91.22) | | |
| 收入 | 8.17±2.14 | 8.93±1.96 | 9.28±1.82 | 19.52 | <0.001 |
| 慢病情况 | | | | 20.21 | <0.001 |
| 无慢性病 | 164(19.78) | 725(24.86) | 144(27.48) | | |
| 一种慢性病 | 215(25.94) | 833(28.57) | 144(27.48) | | |
| 两种及以上 | 450(54.28) | 1 358(46.57) | 236(45.04) | | |
| ADL | 20.37±2.70 | 21.31±1.75 | 21.46±1.50 | 11.30 | <0.001 |
| 自评健康 | | | | 15.81 | <0.001 |
| 较差 | 535(64.54) | 1 657(56.82) | 307(58.59) | | |
| 较好 | 294(35.46) | 1 259(43.18) | 217(41.41) | | |
| 生活满意度 | | | | 0.67 | 0.714 |
| 满意 | 635(76.60) | 2 194(75.24) | 130(24.81) | | |
| 不满意 | 194(23.40) | 722(24.76) | 394(75.19) | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | 47.76 | <0.001 |
| 0 | 426(51.39) | 1 251(42.90) | 197(37.60) | | |
| 1 | 213(25.69) | 695(23.83) | 123(23.47) | | |
| ≥2 | 190(22.92) | 970(33.27) | 204(38.93) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1240996913353380354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同认知功能轨迹组的基线特征比较[(
),n(%)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 认知功能轨迹 | F/χ2 | P |
|---|
| 低下降组 | 中稳定组 | 高稳定组 |
|---|
| 年龄(岁) | 73.49±7.99 | 68.89±7.35 | 67.62±7.43 | 8.19 | <0.001 |
| 性别 | | | | 22.93 | <0.001 |
| 男性 | 371(44.75) | 1 547(53.05) | 296(56.49) | | |
| 女性 | 458(55.25) | 1 369(46.95) | 228(43.51) | | |
| 居住地 | | | | 119.06 | <0.001 |
| 农村 | 499(60.19) | 1 264(43.35) | 165(31.49) | | |
| 城镇 | 330(39.81) | 1 652(56.65) | 359(68.51) | | |
| 婚姻情况 | | | | 87.09 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶 | 375(45.24) | 874(29.97) | 126(24.05) | | |
| 有配偶 | 454(54.76) | 2 042(70.03) | 398(75.95) | | |
| 教育程度 | | | | 237.30 | <0.001 |
| 文盲 | 421(50.78) | 745(25.55) | 93(17.75) | | |
| 非文盲 | 408(49.22) | 2 171(74.45) | 431(82.25) | | |
| 居住方式 | | | | 16.75 | <0.001 |
| 独居 | 131(15.80) | 339(11.63) | 46(8.78) | | |
| 非独居 | 698(84.20) | 2 577(88.37) | 478(91.22) | | |
| 收入 | 8.17±2.14 | 8.93±1.96 | 9.28±1.82 | 19.52 | <0.001 |
| 慢病情况 | | | | 20.21 | <0.001 |
| 无慢性病 | 164(19.78) | 725(24.86) | 144(27.48) | | |
| 一种慢性病 | 215(25.94) | 833(28.57) | 144(27.48) | | |
| 两种及以上 | 450(54.28) | 1 358(46.57) | 236(45.04) | | |
| ADL | 20.37±2.70 | 21.31±1.75 | 21.46±1.50 | 11.30 | <0.001 |
| 自评健康 | | | | 15.81 | <0.001 |
| 较差 | 535(64.54) | 1 657(56.82) | 307(58.59) | | |
| 较好 | 294(35.46) | 1 259(43.18) | 217(41.41) | | |
| 生活满意度 | | | | 0.67 | 0.714 |
| 满意 | 635(76.60) | 2 194(75.24) | 130(24.81) | | |
| 不满意 | 194(23.40) | 722(24.76) | 394(75.19) | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | 47.76 | <0.001 |
| 0 | 426(51.39) | 1 251(42.90) | 197(37.60) | | |
| 1 | 213(25.69) | 695(23.83) | 123(23.47) | | |
| ≥2 | 190(22.92) | 970(33.27) | 204(38.93) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1240996913479209483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Association analysis between community environment and cognitive function trajectories
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 中稳定组 OR(95%CI) | 高稳定组 OR(95%CI) |
|---|
| 模型1 | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.32(1.19~1.48) | 1.51(1.30~1.76) |
| ≥2 | 1.96(1.77~2.17) | 2.33(2.03~2.67) |
| P趋势 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 模型2 | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.09(0.97~1.23) | 1.12(0.95~1.32) |
| ≥2 | 1.48(1.32~1.67) | 1.50(1.28~1.75) |
| P趋势 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 模型3 | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.08(0.96~1.22) | 1.10(0.93~1.30) |
| ≥2 | 1.42(1.26~1.60) | 1.41(1.21~1.66) |
| P趋势 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240996913563095572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
社区环境与认知功能轨迹间的关联分析[OR(95%CI)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 中稳定组 OR(95%CI) | 高稳定组 OR(95%CI) |
|---|
| 模型1 | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.32(1.19~1.48) | 1.51(1.30~1.76) |
| ≥2 | 1.96(1.77~2.17) | 2.33(2.03~2.67) |
| P趋势 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 模型2 | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.09(0.97~1.23) | 1.12(0.95~1.32) |
| ≥2 | 1.48(1.32~1.67) | 1.50(1.28~1.75) |
| P趋势 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 模型3 | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.08(0.96~1.22) | 1.10(0.93~1.30) |
| ≥2 | 1.42(1.26~1.60) | 1.41(1.21~1.66) |
| P趋势 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1240996915102405151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Stratified analysis of the associations between community environment and cognitive function trajectories
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分组 | 中稳定组 OR(95%CI) | P交互 | 高稳定组OR(95%CI) | P交互 |
|---|
| 性别 | | <0.001 | | <0.001 |
| 男性 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 1.12(0.94~1.33) | | 1.40(1.12~1.75) | |
| ≥2 | 1.43(1.20~1.70) | | 1.47(1.18~1.84) | |
| 女性 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 1.08(0.92~1.27) | | 0.78(0.61~1.01) | |
| ≥2 | 1.48(1.26~1.73) | | 1.39(1.11~1.74) | |
| 居住方式 | | <0.001 | | <0.001 |
| 独居 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 0.87(0.63~1.20) | | 0.85(0.53~1.36) | |
| ≥2 | 1.23(0.89~1.69) | | 1.08(0.68~1.72) | |
| 非独居 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 1.13(1.00~1.29) | | 1.16(0.97~1.39) | |
| ≥2 | 1.49(1.31~1.68) | | 1.51(1.28~1.79) | |
), ArticleFig(id=1240996915207262763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220915753955, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
社区环境与认知功能轨迹关联的分层分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分组 | 中稳定组 OR(95%CI) | P交互 | 高稳定组OR(95%CI) | P交互 |
|---|
| 性别 | | <0.001 | | <0.001 |
| 男性 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 1.12(0.94~1.33) | | 1.40(1.12~1.75) | |
| ≥2 | 1.43(1.20~1.70) | | 1.47(1.18~1.84) | |
| 女性 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 1.08(0.92~1.27) | | 0.78(0.61~1.01) | |
| ≥2 | 1.48(1.26~1.73) | | 1.39(1.11~1.74) | |
| 居住方式 | | <0.001 | | <0.001 |
| 独居 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 0.87(0.63~1.20) | | 0.85(0.53~1.36) | |
| ≥2 | 1.23(0.89~1.69) | | 1.08(0.68~1.72) | |
| 非独居 | | | | |
| 社区环境评分 | | | | |
| 0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 1.13(1.00~1.29) | | 1.16(0.97~1.39) | |
| ≥2 | 1.49(1.31~1.68) | | 1.51(1.28~1.79) | |
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