Article(id=1240977220508906449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501252, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801625610, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801625610, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801625610, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801625610, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1782, endPage=1790, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977220982862825, articleId=1240977220508906449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of blackcurrant on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in high-fat diet mice, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of blackcurrant on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in High-Fat Diet mice.

Methods

A total of 150 C57BL/6J mice aged 7-8 weeks were selected, with half male and half female. Twelve mice were randomly selected and fed a normal diet as a blank control group. The other mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and the mice with successful obesity modeling were selected and randomly grouped according to gender. The 60 mice were divided into four groups, including high-fat(normal saline), low-dose(1 250 mg/(kg·d)), medium-dose(2 500 mg/(kg·d)), and high-dose(5 000 mg/(kg·d)), with six mice in each group. The subjects were given continuous gavage for 10 weeks. To evaluate the effect of the intervention and explore the possible mechanism of the intervention. The results were described by (). Differences between groups were tested by ANOVA (α=0.05).

Results

There were significant differences in liver weight, liver coefficient and kidney weight between ND female group and HFD female group and each subject group (P<0.05). The subcutaneous fat mass, perirenal fat mass, perirenal fat mass, and mesenteric fat mass in the ND male group were significantly different from those in the HFD male group and the LOW male group (P<0.05). The subcutaneous fat mass, perirenal fat mass and uterine fat mass of ND female mice were significantly different from those of HFD female group and LOW female group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C between the ND male group and the HFD male group and the HIGH male group (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in TG and LDL-C between the ND female group and the HFD female group, the LOW female group and the HIGH female group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in ALT among the groups (P<0.05). The cells of the liver tissue and adipose tissue in the ND group were intact, and the cells in the HFD group had large fat vacuoles, and the cells in each test group tended to return to normal levels. There was a significant difference in β-diversity among the four groups (P<0.01). The changes in the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were also observed (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Blackcurrant can reduce body fat and visceral fat, regulating blood lipid metabolism, protect liver function and regulate intestinal flora.

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目的

研究黑醋栗对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢和肠道菌群的影响。

方法

选用C57BL/6J小鼠,雌雄各半,7~8周龄,150只。随机选出12只,普通饲料喂养作为空白对照组(ND组),其余小鼠高脂饲料(60%脂肪供能)喂养8周,筛选肥胖造模成功小鼠按性别分别随机分为4组,高脂对照组(HFD组,生理盐水)、低(LOW组,1 250 mg/(kg·d))、中(MID组,2 500 mg/(kg·d))、高剂量组(HIGH组,5 000 mg/(kg·d))每组6只,共60只。黑醋栗冻干粉连续灌胃10周。结合体质量、血脂、脂肪质量和肠道菌群评价干预效果。

结果

采用()描述,用方差分析进行组间差异性检验(α=0.05)。结果ND雌组肝脏质量、肝脏系数、肾脏质量与HFD雌组及各受试物组有差异(P<0.05);ND雄组皮下、肾周、睾周脂肪质量、肠系膜脂肪质量与HFD雄组及LOW雄组有差异(P<0.05);ND雌组小鼠皮下、肾周脂和子宫脂肪质量均与HFD雌组及LOW雌组有差异(P<0.05);ND雄组TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C与HFD雄组和HIGH雄组有差异(P<0.05),ND雌组TG、LDL-C与HFD雌组、LOW雌组和HIGH雌组有差异(P<0.05);各组雄鼠ALT有差异(P<0.05);ND组肝组织和脂肪组织细胞完整,HFD组细胞脂肪空泡大,各受试物组细胞有恢复正常水平趋势;各组小鼠β多样性差有差异(P<0.01);厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)等丰度改变(P<0.05)。

结论

黑醋栗能降低体脂与内脏脂肪;调节血脂代谢;保护肝功能;调节肠道菌群。

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李红卫,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5jodA3m3W7tc8vuPXA6ElA==, magXml=65MObBYbgkt0aufRFbzXNw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=/D11XkC8bjHBuxQ7LZDGvw==, pdfFileSize=1959212, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2yYWpa/Ib7yT0QCEgJ/dpA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qmwCNBIRh5cPhFljMvu/Zg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张翌晨(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与健康

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Reserch progress of the role of gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity by dietary polyphenols, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996916784329538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996916796912453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, companyId=1240996916784329538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996916805301061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, companyId=1240996916784329538, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=厦门大学公共卫生学院,福建 厦门 361101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996921515503648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Body mass changes during the intervention period, figureFileSmall=v+pthn0ADkpRMc7WU3CekQ==, figureFileBig=iGlN3aoBAE/K2wKIRpazGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921616166952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图1, caption=干预期体质量变化(A)雄鼠;(B)雌鼠, figureFileSmall=v+pthn0ADkpRMc7WU3CekQ==, figureFileBig=iGlN3aoBAE/K2wKIRpazGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921737801779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HE staining results of male rat liver(×20), figureFileSmall=bgvAufpkzTnNrmZsn+OLFQ==, figureFileBig=EFwcrXtjAnoPD4lrV/9F7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921842659386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图2, caption=雄鼠肝脏HE染色结果(×20), figureFileSmall=bgvAufpkzTnNrmZsn+OLFQ==, figureFileBig=EFwcrXtjAnoPD4lrV/9F7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921934934084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=HE staining results of liver of female rats(×20), figureFileSmall=RY/rXKZByod8Fh6KvJdx3A==, figureFileBig=VlFvdrm81L0FaiUqYMXlMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996922060763208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图3, caption=雌鼠肝脏HE染色结果(×20), figureFileSmall=RY/rXKZByod8Fh6KvJdx3A==, figureFileBig=VlFvdrm81L0FaiUqYMXlMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996922165620819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=HE staining results of male epididymal fat(×20), figureFileSmall=1EY3VaxCAtri3Y7+h6Mthw==, figureFileBig=twj76QgBubVuWBeviCLRxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996922325004378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图4, caption=雄鼠附睾脂肪HE染色结果(×20), figureFileSmall=1EY3VaxCAtri3Y7+h6Mthw==, figureFileBig=twj76QgBubVuWBeviCLRxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996922429861985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=HE staining results of female uterine fat (×20), figureFileSmall=s4o7pYXiAoQfob9hXV0BuA==, figureFileBig=1hPX+67WSU5Ew1SuPgpe/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996922526330982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图5, caption=雌鼠子宫脂肪HE染色结果(×20), figureFileSmall=s4o7pYXiAoQfob9hXV0BuA==, figureFileBig=1hPX+67WSU5Ew1SuPgpe/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924006920301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Box diagram of alpha diversity index of male rats, figureFileSmall=97o5WKWJpDrPKIB4OFWe/g==, figureFileBig=mBInel+PHa71xlLR7FgvpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924115972207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图6, caption=雄鼠α多样性指数箱式图

注:(A)ace指数;(B)shannon指数;(C)coverage指数。

, figureFileSmall=97o5WKWJpDrPKIB4OFWe/g==, figureFileBig=mBInel+PHa71xlLR7FgvpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924195663988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Box diagram of α diversity index of female mice, figureFileSmall=BRA5Za64oHO1Nqf/EMAGKg==, figureFileBig=xu26JBVs+YtUzKBgcpj61Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924279550073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图7, caption=雌鼠α多样性指数箱式图

注:(A)ace指数;(B)shannon指数;(C)coverage指数。

, figureFileSmall=BRA5Za64oHO1Nqf/EMAGKg==, figureFileBig=xu26JBVs+YtUzKBgcpj61Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924401184891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=PCoA analysis of β diversity of mice in each group, figureFileSmall=6HjB33F5q3jOS/NkDL/eNA==, figureFileBig=gaLrupduAKeZeeiTsyHd1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924518625409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组小鼠β多样性PCoA分析

注:(A)雄鼠;(B)雌鼠。

, figureFileSmall=6HjB33F5q3jOS/NkDL/eNA==, figureFileBig=gaLrupduAKeZeeiTsyHd1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924627677321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Straight bar chart of male rat community composition, figureFileSmall=+Wtd4XxE9KPkK6BtljUMJw==, figureFileBig=lmgbp2eJW3RFRMhNKGgChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924728340620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图9, caption=雄鼠群落组成直条图, figureFileSmall=+Wtd4XxE9KPkK6BtljUMJw==, figureFileBig=lmgbp2eJW3RFRMhNKGgChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924824809618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Straight bar chart of female rat community composition, figureFileSmall=5gWQ917IXBBhwy0l8LI0+g==, figureFileBig=Y7Untd+HwdLD9WsEaM9/Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996924929667218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图10, caption=雌鼠群落组成直条图, figureFileSmall=5gWQ917IXBBhwy0l8LI0+g==, figureFileBig=Y7Untd+HwdLD9WsEaM9/Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996925021941910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Top 10 species of male mice with different abundance, figureFileSmall=c75eitBpjS4gmLda4kdO7A==, figureFileBig=cTpdF8UY2JjfVpAhLdU2wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996925110022300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图11, caption=雄鼠丰富度不同的前10个物种, figureFileSmall=c75eitBpjS4gmLda4kdO7A==, figureFileBig=cTpdF8UY2JjfVpAhLdU2wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996925202296993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Top 10 species with different abundance of female mice, figureFileSmall=KSpsm5sYCWxuGr2b9/Zdqw==, figureFileBig=ZCc662ULcaPGnJst9OeGCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996925328126119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=图12, caption=雌鼠丰富度不同的前10个物种, figureFileSmall=KSpsm5sYCWxuGr2b9/Zdqw==, figureFileBig=ZCc662ULcaPGnJst9OeGCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996925428789420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Organ mass and liver coefficient of male rats in each group(, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组肝脏质量(g)肝脏系数(%)肾脏质量(g)脾脏质量(g)
ND雄1.05±0.184.06±0.460.34±0.050.07±0.01
HFD雄1.39±0.263.33±0.640.39±0.050.08±0.02
LOW雄1.33±0.173.39±0.440.40±0.060.08±0.02
MID雄1.25±0.273.25±0.840.39±0.040.08±0.02
HIGH雄1.20±0.173.17±0.350.38±0.020.08±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240996925537841329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组雄鼠脏器质量及肝脏系数(, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组肝脏质量(g)肝脏系数(%)肾脏质量(g)脾脏质量(g)
ND雄1.05±0.184.06±0.460.34±0.050.07±0.01
HFD雄1.39±0.263.33±0.640.39±0.050.08±0.02
LOW雄1.33±0.173.39±0.440.40±0.060.08±0.02
MID雄1.25±0.273.25±0.840.39±0.040.08±0.02
HIGH雄1.20±0.173.17±0.350.38±0.020.08±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240996925630116020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Organ mass and liver coefficient of female rats in each group(, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组肝脏质量(g)肝脏系数(%)肾脏质量(g)脾脏质量(g)
ND雌0.83±0.05b4.24±0.32a0.25±0.02b0.06±0.02
HFD雌1.00±0.13a3.57±0.19b0.30±0.03ab0.08±0.01
LOW雌1.00±0.12a3.86±0.53ab0.32±0.03a0.09±0.02
MID雌0.90±0.06a3.68±0.26b0.30±0.04ab0.13±0.06
HIGH雌0.95±0.09a3.25±0.50b0.30±0.03ab0.11±0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1240996925726585015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组雌鼠脏器质量及肝脏系数(, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组肝脏质量(g)肝脏系数(%)肾脏质量(g)脾脏质量(g)
ND雌0.83±0.05b4.24±0.32a0.25±0.02b0.06±0.02
HFD雌1.00±0.13a3.57±0.19b0.30±0.03ab0.08±0.01
LOW雌1.00±0.12a3.86±0.53ab0.32±0.03a0.09±0.02
MID雌0.90±0.06a3.68±0.26b0.30±0.04ab0.13±0.06
HIGH雌0.95±0.09a3.25±0.50b0.30±0.03ab0.11±0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1240996925818859706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fat distribution of malerats in each group (, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组皮下脂肪(g)肾周脂肪(g)睾周脂肪(g)肠系膜脂肪(g)
ND雄0.17±0.04a0.05±0.02a0.38±0.17a0.35±0.08a
HFD雄2.53±0.59b0.95±0.13c2.12±0.37b0.87±0.23b
LOW雄2.25±1.02b0.62±0.16b2.02±0.64b0.60±0.26a
MID雄2.21±0.31b0.6±0.24b2.05±0.50b0.61±0.14a
HIGH雄2.05±0.91b0.61±0.2b2.06±0.47b0.59±0.24a
), ArticleFig(id=1240996925936300223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组雄鼠脂肪分布(, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组皮下脂肪(g)肾周脂肪(g)睾周脂肪(g)肠系膜脂肪(g)
ND雄0.17±0.04a0.05±0.02a0.38±0.17a0.35±0.08a
HFD雄2.53±0.59b0.95±0.13c2.12±0.37b0.87±0.23b
LOW雄2.25±1.02b0.62±0.16b2.02±0.64b0.60±0.26a
MID雄2.21±0.31b0.6±0.24b2.05±0.50b0.61±0.14a
HIGH雄2.05±0.91b0.61±0.2b2.06±0.47b0.59±0.24a
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926020186307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Fat distribution of female rats in each group(, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组皮下脂肪(g)肾周脂肪(g)子宫脂肪(g)肠系膜脂肪(g)
ND雌0.19±0.06a0.14±0.07a0.20±0.10a0.27±0.06
HFD雌1.07±0.49ac0.74±0.31b0.93±0.45bc0.42±0.11
LOW雌0.78±0.29abc0.62±0.14b0.69±0.23abc0.38±0.15
MID雌0.60±0.25ab0.42±0.20b0.44±0.10ab0.38±0.08
HIGH雌0.56±0.24ab0.59±0.19b0.80±0.37abc0.46±0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926133432519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组雌鼠脂肪分布(, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组皮下脂肪(g)肾周脂肪(g)子宫脂肪(g)肠系膜脂肪(g)
ND雌0.19±0.06a0.14±0.07a0.20±0.10a0.27±0.06
HFD雌1.07±0.49ac0.74±0.31b0.93±0.45bc0.42±0.11
LOW雌0.78±0.29abc0.62±0.14b0.69±0.23abc0.38±0.15
MID雌0.60±0.25ab0.42±0.20b0.44±0.10ab0.38±0.08
HIGH雌0.56±0.24ab0.59±0.19b0.80±0.37abc0.46±0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926213124301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Blood lipid results of male rats in each group(, n=6,nmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组TCTGHDL-CLDL-C
ND雌3.60±0.34b2.21±0.21b1.09±0.24b2.51±0.16b
HFD雌5.63±1.09a2.01±0.23a2.02±0.66a3.61±0.74a
LOW雌4.64±0.89ab2.21±0.30ab1.44±0.46ab3.21±0.51ab
MID雌4.93±1.30ab2.21±0.22ab1.53±0.60ab3.4±0.82ab
HIGH雌5.30±1.41ab2.19±0.23ab1.74±0.40ab3.57±1.07ab
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926297010381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各组雄鼠血脂结果(, n=6,nmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组TCTGHDL-CLDL-C
ND雌3.60±0.34b2.21±0.21b1.09±0.24b2.51±0.16b
HFD雌5.63±1.09a2.01±0.23a2.02±0.66a3.61±0.74a
LOW雌4.64±0.89ab2.21±0.30ab1.44±0.46ab3.21±0.51ab
MID雌4.93±1.30ab2.21±0.22ab1.53±0.60ab3.4±0.82ab
HIGH雌5.30±1.41ab2.19±0.23ab1.74±0.40ab3.57±1.07ab
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926368313552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Blood lipid results of female rats in each group(, n=6,nmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组TCTGHDL-CLDL-C
ND雌3.82±1.033.94±0.33a1.34±0.722.49±0.36
HFD雌5.01±0.492.96±0.22b1.28±0.243.73±0.28
LOW雌4.24±1.613.00±0.20b1.26±0.552.98±1.09
MID雌4.18±1.693.27±0.52b1.47±0.952.71±1.36
HIGH雌4.39±0.833.20±0.26b1.27±0.413.13±0.58
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926422839507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各组雌鼠血脂结果(, n=6,nmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组TCTGHDL-CLDL-C
ND雌3.82±1.033.94±0.33a1.34±0.722.49±0.36
HFD雌5.01±0.492.96±0.22b1.28±0.243.73±0.28
LOW雌4.24±1.613.00±0.20b1.26±0.552.98±1.09
MID雌4.18±1.693.27±0.52b1.47±0.952.71±1.36
HIGH雌4.39±0.833.20±0.26b1.27±0.413.13±0.58
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926531891414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of liver function and related enzymes of male rats in each group(, n=6,U/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组ALTASTFASLPL
ND雌51.67±7.26a207.00±30.76132.22±26.52279.65±48.46
HFD雌74.17±24.12a167.67±32.10141.77±25.43238.00±55.43
LOW雌56.67±24.10a203.33±55.05113.19±21.07238.67±66.68
MID雌41.50±17.45b170.50±39.38149.14±22.31263.09±100.98
HIGH雌37.50±8.87b202.33±84.84150.59±30.00252.43±90.88
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926611583192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各组雄鼠肝功能及相关酶结果(, n=6,U/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组ALTASTFASLPL
ND雌51.67±7.26a207.00±30.76132.22±26.52279.65±48.46
HFD雌74.17±24.12a167.67±32.10141.77±25.43238.00±55.43
LOW雌56.67±24.10a203.33±55.05113.19±21.07238.67±66.68
MID雌41.50±17.45b170.50±39.38149.14±22.31263.09±100.98
HIGH雌37.50±8.87b202.33±84.84150.59±30.00252.43±90.88
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926699663578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Results of liver function and related enzymes of female rats in each group(, n=6, U/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组ALTASTFASLPL
ND雌44.17±12.94201.00±55.03119.66±21.52195.74±32.57
HFD雌68.33±26.39269.67±37.02142.95±37.80281.40±99.87
LOW雌56.00±16.44272.33±67.16130.74±27.68258.45±102.88
MID雌40.00±19.60264.00±79.92123.86±24.67221.94±85.51
HIGH雌44.83±23.75244.83±89.08107.17±30.47185.60±29.79
), ArticleFig(id=1240996926787743964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220508906449, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

各组雌鼠肝功能及相关酶结果(, n=6,U/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组ALTASTFASLPL
ND雌44.17±12.94201.00±55.03119.66±21.52195.74±32.57
HFD雌68.33±26.39269.67±37.02142.95±37.80281.40±99.87
LOW雌56.00±16.44272.33±67.16130.74±27.68258.45±102.88
MID雌40.00±19.60264.00±79.92123.86±24.67221.94±85.51
HIGH雌44.83±23.75244.83±89.08107.17±30.47185.60±29.79
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黑醋栗对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢和肠道菌群的影响
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张翌晨 , 格桑德吉 , 郑林曦 , 张薇 , 李红卫
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(10): 1782-1790
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(10): 1782-1790
黑醋栗对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢和肠道菌群的影响
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张翌晨, 格桑德吉, 郑林曦, 张薇, 李红卫
作者信息
  • 厦门大学公共卫生学院,福建 厦门 361101
  • 张翌晨(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与健康

通讯作者:

李红卫,E-mail:
Effects of blackcurrant on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in high-fat diet mice
Yi-chen ZHANG, De-ji GESANG, Lin-xi ZHENG, Wei ZHANG, Hong-wei LI
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501252
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目的

研究黑醋栗对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢和肠道菌群的影响。

方法

选用C57BL/6J小鼠,雌雄各半,7~8周龄,150只。随机选出12只,普通饲料喂养作为空白对照组(ND组),其余小鼠高脂饲料(60%脂肪供能)喂养8周,筛选肥胖造模成功小鼠按性别分别随机分为4组,高脂对照组(HFD组,生理盐水)、低(LOW组,1 250 mg/(kg·d))、中(MID组,2 500 mg/(kg·d))、高剂量组(HIGH组,5 000 mg/(kg·d))每组6只,共60只。黑醋栗冻干粉连续灌胃10周。结合体质量、血脂、脂肪质量和肠道菌群评价干预效果。

结果

采用()描述,用方差分析进行组间差异性检验(α=0.05)。结果ND雌组肝脏质量、肝脏系数、肾脏质量与HFD雌组及各受试物组有差异(P<0.05);ND雄组皮下、肾周、睾周脂肪质量、肠系膜脂肪质量与HFD雄组及LOW雄组有差异(P<0.05);ND雌组小鼠皮下、肾周脂和子宫脂肪质量均与HFD雌组及LOW雌组有差异(P<0.05);ND雄组TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C与HFD雄组和HIGH雄组有差异(P<0.05),ND雌组TG、LDL-C与HFD雌组、LOW雌组和HIGH雌组有差异(P<0.05);各组雄鼠ALT有差异(P<0.05);ND组肝组织和脂肪组织细胞完整,HFD组细胞脂肪空泡大,各受试物组细胞有恢复正常水平趋势;各组小鼠β多样性差有差异(P<0.01);厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)等丰度改变(P<0.05)。

结论

黑醋栗能降低体脂与内脏脂肪;调节血脂代谢;保护肝功能;调节肠道菌群。

黑醋栗  /  高脂膳食  /  血脂  /  脂质代谢  /  肠道菌群
Objective

To investigate the effects of blackcurrant on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in High-Fat Diet mice.

Methods

A total of 150 C57BL/6J mice aged 7-8 weeks were selected, with half male and half female. Twelve mice were randomly selected and fed a normal diet as a blank control group. The other mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and the mice with successful obesity modeling were selected and randomly grouped according to gender. The 60 mice were divided into four groups, including high-fat(normal saline), low-dose(1 250 mg/(kg·d)), medium-dose(2 500 mg/(kg·d)), and high-dose(5 000 mg/(kg·d)), with six mice in each group. The subjects were given continuous gavage for 10 weeks. To evaluate the effect of the intervention and explore the possible mechanism of the intervention. The results were described by (). Differences between groups were tested by ANOVA (α=0.05).

Results

There were significant differences in liver weight, liver coefficient and kidney weight between ND female group and HFD female group and each subject group (P<0.05). The subcutaneous fat mass, perirenal fat mass, perirenal fat mass, and mesenteric fat mass in the ND male group were significantly different from those in the HFD male group and the LOW male group (P<0.05). The subcutaneous fat mass, perirenal fat mass and uterine fat mass of ND female mice were significantly different from those of HFD female group and LOW female group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C between the ND male group and the HFD male group and the HIGH male group (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in TG and LDL-C between the ND female group and the HFD female group, the LOW female group and the HIGH female group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in ALT among the groups (P<0.05). The cells of the liver tissue and adipose tissue in the ND group were intact, and the cells in the HFD group had large fat vacuoles, and the cells in each test group tended to return to normal levels. There was a significant difference in β-diversity among the four groups (P<0.01). The changes in the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were also observed (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Blackcurrant can reduce body fat and visceral fat, regulating blood lipid metabolism, protect liver function and regulate intestinal flora.

Blackcurrant  /  High-fat diet  /  Lipids  /  Lipid metabolism  /  Intestinal flora
张翌晨, 格桑德吉, 郑林曦, 张薇, 李红卫. 黑醋栗对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢和肠道菌群的影响. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1782 -1790 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501252
Yi-chen ZHANG, De-ji GESANG, Lin-xi ZHENG, Wei ZHANG, Hong-wei LI. Effects of blackcurrant on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in high-fat diet mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1782 -1790 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501252
黑醋栗(Black currant),又名黑加仑(Ribes nigrum L.),浆果紫黑色,近球形,直径0.90~1.40 cm,含有大量生物活性化合物,包括维生素C和多酚,特别是花青素[1],其食用价值逐渐受到人们关注。
肥胖定义为可损害健康的异常或过量脂肪累积,与高血压、高脂血症[2]、冠状动脉疾病密切相关。杨玉平[3]发现黑醋栗果实降低预防性高血脂动物甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。Paunovic[4]等也发现冷压黑醋栗果汁可以降低大鼠血清TG,还通过维持脏器形态,减轻高脂膳食影响。肠道菌群及其代谢产物的失衡与其他器官的功能障碍或疾病密切相关[5]。黑醋栗大部分纤维是不溶性的,进入结肠后被肠道菌群代谢[6]。新西兰黑醋栗冻干粉中富含γ-亚麻酸[7],花青素以飞燕草素为主,较蓝莓具有更强的Nrf2/ARE通路激活能力[8],其总酚含量显著高于蓝莓[9],且富含原花青素B1/B2低聚体,具有更强的肠道屏障修复潜力[10-11]。冻干黑醋栗活性成分的生物利用度也高于蓝莓[12]。雌鼠在高脂饮食下倾向于增加皮下脂肪,而雄鼠更容易堆积内脏脂肪[13];女性肥胖人群患高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的风险高于男性[14]。目前,大多研究探讨蓝莓提取物的作用,探讨黑醋栗全果对于脂质代谢和肠道菌群的研究少见,且冻干工艺加工特别。另外,对不同性别干预的对比研究不足。因此,本研究通过高脂膳食喂养建立不同性别肥胖小鼠模型,评估黑醋栗对小鼠脂质代谢紊乱的调节作用。
C57BL/6J小鼠,SPF(Specific Pathogen Free)级,雌雄各半,7~8周龄,共150只。置于厦门大学实验动物中心,12 h明暗交替照明、温度22 ℃、湿度10%~60%饲养,自由饮水,普通饲料(北京科奥协力饲料有限公司)和60%脂肪供能饲料(苏州双狮实验动物饲料科技有限公司)喂养,伦理号:XMULAC20240090。受试物为新西兰冻干黑醋栗粉(厦门桢晟食品有限公司)。小鼠脂肪酸合酶(Fatty acid synthase,FAS)ELISA检测试剂盒、小鼠脂蛋白脂肪酶(LiPoProtein liPase,LPL)ELISA检测试剂盒。
全自动生化仪(株式会社日立制作所;7180型),酶标分析仪(瑞士Tecan公司;IF200型),正置光学显微镜(日本株式会社尼康,Nikon EcliPse CI型),超高效液相色谱串联傅里叶变换质谱(赛默飞世尔科技中国有限公司,UHPLC -Q Exactive HF-X型)。
小鼠适应性喂养1周后随机选取雌雄各6只,以普通饲料喂养作为空白对照组(ND组),其余小鼠高脂饲料喂养,雌雄各69只,8周后筛选出肥胖造模成功(雄鼠:自身前后比较体质量增加40%或高于空白组20%;雌鼠:体质量增加高于空白组10%)小鼠,雌雄各随机分为4组,高脂对照组(HFD组)、低(LOW组)、中(MID组)、高(HIGH组)剂量组,每组雌雄各6只。ND组一直使用普通饲料,其余组高脂饲料喂养,共计60只。新西兰黑醋栗冻干粉每日推荐摄入15.0 g,成人体质量以60 kg计,则推荐剂量为250 mg/(kg·d),按动物系数折算表折算(小鼠为10),则小鼠每日推荐摄入量为2 500 mg/(kg·d)。LOW组剂量设为1 250 mg/(kg·d),MID组剂量设为2 500 mg/(kg·d),HIGH组剂量设为5 000 mg/(kg·d)。各实验组以受试物每日灌胃,ND组以同体积生理盐水每日灌胃,持续干预10周。
所有小鼠经摘眼球取血后颈椎脱臼法处死,分离组织脏器,-80 ℃冷冻保存;肝脏和脂肪置于10%多聚甲醛中,用于病理切片。
干预期每周测量1次小鼠体质量;分离小鼠脾脏、肾脏、肝脏,称重并记录,计算肝脏系数;分离小鼠皮下脂肪、肾周脂肪、睾周或子宫脂肪和肠系膜脂肪,称重并记录;使用全自动生化仪检测小鼠血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT);使用全自动生化仪检测小鼠肝脏组织中FAS、LPL;制作肝组织和脂肪组织的HE染色切片;干预结束后,收集各组小鼠结肠内容物并立刻储存于-80 ℃。选取ND组、HFD组和MID组共36只小鼠进行16S rRNA测序,进行肠道菌群分析。
实验数据采用Excel 2023整理,利用 SPSS 27.0 进行统计描述和分析。各指标结果用平均值±标准差表示。计量资料统计分析,组间比较符合正态和方差齐性的数据采用单因素方差分析;组间两两比较采用LSD法(方差齐时)或Dunnett T3检验(方差不齐时)。假设检验水准α=0.05。
干预期间小鼠体质量变化如图1所示。对干预10周体质量数据进行重复测量方差分析,干预持续时间与不同受试物干预组之间存在交互作用(P<0.001),共同影响小鼠体质量。与ND组相比高脂饲料喂养的各组小鼠体质量增长趋势显著加快,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与HFD雄组相比,各受试物组雄鼠体质量变化趋势无明显差异(P>0.05),但体质量略有降低。与HFD雌组相比,各受试物组雌鼠体质量变化趋势无明显差异(P>0.05),LOW雌组和MID雌组体质量略有下降,HIGH雌组体质量略有升高。
各组小鼠肝脏质量与肝脏系数如表1表2所示。Dunnett法结果显示,ND雌组小鼠肝脏质量与HFD雌组及各受试物组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ND雌组小鼠肝脏质量低于高脂膳食喂养小鼠,HFD雌组小鼠肝脏质量与各受试物组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ND雌组小鼠肝脏系数与HFD雌组、MID雌组和HIGH雌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ND雌组小鼠肾脏质量与HFD雌组及各受试物组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ND雌组小鼠肾脏系数较低,HFD雌组小鼠肾脏质量与各受试物组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
各组小鼠腹腔主要器官周围的脂肪质量如表3表4所示。Dunnett法检验结果显示,ND雄组小鼠皮下脂肪质量与HFD雄组小鼠及其受试物组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LSD法检验结果显示,ND雄组肾周脂肪质量与HFD雄组小鼠及其受试物组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ND雄组小鼠睾周脂肪质量与HFD雄组小鼠及其受试物组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ND雄组小鼠肠系膜脂肪质量与HFD雄组和LOW雄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HFD雄组与LOW雄组和HIGH雄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
Dunnett法检验结果显示,ND雌组小鼠皮下脂肪质量与HFD雌组及LOW雌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LSD法检验结果显示,ND雌组肾周脂肪质量与HFD雌组及各受试物组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HFD雌组小鼠肾周脂肪质量与MID雌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ND雌组小鼠子宫脂肪质量与HFD雌组、LOW雌组和HIGH雌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HFD雌组小鼠子宫脂肪质量与MID雌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明受试物干预对雌鼠肾周脂肪质量和子宫脂肪质量有降低效果,且MID组效果最好。
LSD法检验结果显示,ND雄组小鼠血清TC浓度与HFD雄组和HIGH雄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); ND雄组小鼠血清TG浓度与HFD雄组和HIGH雄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ND雄组小鼠血清HDL-C浓度与HFD雄组和HIGH雄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ND雄组小鼠血清LDL-C浓度与HFD雄组和HIGH雄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Dunnett法检验结果显示,ND雌组小鼠血清TG浓度与HFD雌组、LOW雌组和HIGH雌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);说明受试物干预对高脂膳食小鼠TG浓度有上调作用。ND雌组小鼠血清LDL-C浓度与HFD雌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HFD雌组LDL-C浓度最高,各受试物组略有下降,HFD雌组与MID雌组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MID雌组明显下降,接近ND雌组水平。
Dunnett法分析结果显示,各组雄鼠肝脏ALT浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HFD雄组小鼠ALT显著上升,各受试物组显著下降,且有剂量效应关系,MID雄组和HIGH雄组低于ND雄组水平。HFD组小鼠肝脏AST值略高于ND组,各受试物组AST值略低于HFD组,差异虽无统计学意义,但各受试物组有呈现剂量-效应关系的趋势。各组小鼠FAS、LPL浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高脂膳食喂养小鼠FAS较ND组有所上升。HFD雄组小鼠LPL较ND雄组有所降低,干预后LPL浓度略微升高,其中MID雄组升高最多;HFD雌组小鼠LPL较ND雌组有明显升高,干预后各受试物组雌鼠LPL略有下降,其中HIGH雌组效果最明显。
小鼠肝脏HE染色结果如图2图3所示。ND组小鼠肝组织结构完整,肝小叶清晰,肝索以中央静脉为中心,向四周呈放射状排列,肝细胞整体排列整齐,胞浆染色均匀,脂肪空泡数量少、体积小。而HFD组肝细胞胞浆明显出现体积较大的脂肪空泡且分布广,肝细胞排列紊乱,肝小叶边界模糊,且肝细胞内出现密集的核推移,肝索结构破坏。LOW组肝细胞排列紊乱,但脂肪空泡体积较HFD组减小,肝索排列不清;MID组肝细胞排列较为整齐,脂肪空泡体积较小,肝索排列模糊;HIGH组肝细胞排列较为整齐,脂肪空泡体积小,可见肝索放射状排列。
小鼠脂肪HE染色结果如图4图5所示。ND组小鼠脂肪细胞结构完整、清晰,体积小,数量多。而HFD组脂肪组织细胞体积明显增大,呈现大量脂肪空泡。LOW组脂肪细胞排列紊乱,但脂肪空泡体积较HFD组减小,数量增多;MID组脂肪细胞排列较为整齐,脂肪空泡体积较小、数量多,HIGH组与MID组差异较小。
α多样性主要用于研究样本中的群落多样性,常用α多样性指数进行评估。ace指数主要反映群落丰富度,shannon指数主要反映群落多样性,coverage指数反映群落覆盖度。
根据图6图7所示,各组小鼠α多样性指数差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。
图8所示,各组小鼠β多样性差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。PCoA分析显示,雄鼠第一主成分对样品差异的贡献值为48.31%,第二主成分对样品差异的贡献值为18.67%;雌鼠第一主成分对样品差异的贡献值为43.91%,第二主成分对样品差异的贡献值为23.11%。无论雄鼠还是雌鼠,HFD组与ND组在第一主成分上均显著分离,在干预后,MID组在第一主成分上偏离HFD组,向ND组靠近。在第二主成分上MID雄组偏离HFD雄组,各组雌鼠差异不明显。
图9所示,HFD雄组小鼠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)占比明显高于ND雄组,而MID雄组厚壁菌门占比接近于ND雄组;HFD雄组拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)占比较ND雄组明显下降,MID雄组有所回升;疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)在MID雄组占比明显提升。如图10所示,HFD雌组小鼠厚壁菌门占比明显低于ND雌组,而MID雌组厚壁菌门占比略有回升;HFD雌组疣微菌门较ND雌组显著升高,MID雌组略有下降;HFD雄组拟杆菌门占比较ND雄组明显上升,MID雄组有所下降。
图11所示,HFD雄组Dubosiella共生菌丰富度明显高于ND雄组,MID雄组明显低于ND雄组;HFD雄组未分类的肠杆菌(Muribaculaceae)丰富度最低,MID雄组较HFD雄组肠杆菌丰富度有所回升;HFD雄组Faecalibaculum菌较ND雄组丰富度高,MID雄组丰富度有所下降,更接近于ND雄组水平;值得注意的是,MID雄组嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia)丰富度显著高于ND雄组和HFD雄组。如图12所示,HFD雄组嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌的丰富度较显著升高,MID组较HFD雄组有所下降,与雄鼠结果相反;HFD雄组未分类的肠杆菌丰富度最低,MID雄组较HFD雄组肠杆菌丰富度有所回升,与雄鼠结果一致;ND雄组Dubosiella共生菌丰富度最高,其次是HFD雄组,MID雄组Dubosiella共生菌丰富度最低。
黑醋栗富含黄酮和花青素等[13],维生素C、A等营养物质丰富[1],还富含丰富的膳食纤维。在能量摄入基本一致的情况下,各受试物组小鼠体质量较HFD组下降5.0%。解剖发现,雄鼠肾周脂肪质量和肠系膜脂肪质量下降,雌鼠肾周脂肪及子宫脂肪质量降低,说明受试物有降低脂肪质量的能力,尤其是肾周脂肪质量。病理结果显示受试物有降低脂肪细胞体积的效果。同时,受试物组小鼠肝脏质量有降低的趋势,受试物明显降低小鼠肝脏中脂肪空泡数量及体积,说明黑醋栗对小鼠脏器内部脂肪同样具有降脂效果。研究发现[14],多酚类成分能有效预防心血管疾病、糖尿病和糖脂代谢疾病,说明黑醋栗中多酚类化合物发挥作用。受试物对小鼠血清TC含量有降低作用,有降低雌鼠血清TG含量的趋势,说明黑醋栗对小鼠肝脏中的总胆固醇有作用,而对血浆中的甘油三酯作用不明显,且存在性别差异,表明其对血脂代谢的调节作用可能与多酚类化合物的活性相关。高脂膳食喂养的小鼠血清中HDL含量由于TC含量增加而出现代偿性上升,受试物组小鼠血清LDL有降低趋势,说明受试物可能对心血管疾病风险有控制作用。在能量摄入基本均衡、且不存在运动干预措施的情况下,黑醋栗降低高脂膳食小鼠的体质量、减少内脏脂肪、减缓血脂升高。肝脏是参与脂质代谢的主要场所,肝脏病变影响机体内能量代谢进程[15],当肝脏功能发生异常时,ALT值与AST值往往升高。肝功能结果显示雄鼠各受试物组ALT呈现剂量-效应关系,说明黑醋栗对小鼠ALT值有一定降低效果,各受试物组AST有呈现剂量-效应关系的趋势,说明黑醋栗对小鼠AST值可能有影响趋势,多酚类化合物通过清除自由基和抑制炎症反应,减轻高脂膳食诱导的氧化应激和炎症,从而保护肝脏功能并改善脂质代谢。高脂膳食小鼠促进了肝脏中脂质合成相关基因的表达,使肝脏中FAS的表达增加[16],受试物干预使雌鼠肝脏FAS浓度下降,且呈现剂量效应趋势,从而减少脂肪的合成与积累。高脂饮食可以影响LPL在不同组织的表达,研究发现[17],在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖C57BL/6J小鼠中,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)通过PPARγ信号通路下调附睾(EP)脂肪中LPL的表达,导致血清甘油三酯升高。肠道菌群是由数以万亿计的微生物组成的复杂生态系统[18]。肠道菌群的改变与能量代谢、脂质积累和免疫紊乱密切相关,是体内脂质代谢失常的重要诱因[19]。16S rRNA测序分析结果表明,各组小鼠肠道菌群门水平上主要由厚壁菌门、疣微菌门、拟杆菌门组成,总相对丰度达到80%以上。与普通膳食小鼠相比,高脂膳食小鼠肠道菌群的α多样性和β多样性指数明显减少,黑醋栗干预后α多样性和β多样性指数有所上升,且菌群结构向ND组靠近,膳食多酚在肠道内的代谢过程中可与肠道菌群发生相互作用,参与多酚体内生物转化与吸收代谢过程,也能影响肠道菌群组成及其代谢产物的产生[20],这些产物可能通过调节肠道菌群组成及其代谢功能,间接影响宿主的能量代谢和脂质代谢。黑醋栗对雄鼠和雌鼠的体脂和血脂调节作用存在差异,这可能与性激素对脂质代谢和肠道菌群的调控作用有关,表现出性别特异性机制。
综上所述,本研究证明黑醋栗对高脂膳食喂养小鼠有降低体脂与内脏脂肪的作用,主要降低肥胖小鼠肾周脂肪及肝脏内脂肪;调节血脂代谢,主要是降低LDL;对肝功能有一定保护作用;对高脂膳食小鼠肠道菌群有益菌丰度有改变作用。
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2025年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501252
  • 接收时间:2025-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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    厦门大学公共卫生学院,福建 厦门 361101

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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