Article(id=1240977220198527937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731340800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801625537, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801625537, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801625537, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801625537, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1735, endPage=1741, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977220823479263, articleId=1240977220198527937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological trends and prediction of morbidity and mortality of lung cancer in China and the world, 1990-2021: analysis based on age-period-cohort model, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological trends of lung cancer in China and the world from 1990 to 2021, and to predict future standardized morbidity and mortality. By assessing the key factors affecting the burden of lung cancer, such as age, time period and birth cohort, the aim is to reveal the risk patterns of morbidity and mortality in different groups, provide a scientific basis for lung cancer prevention and control strategies, and support disease prevention, early intervention and resource allocation optimization.

Methods

The data of this study were from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.4.1 software. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint regression model to evaluate the trend of lung cancer incidence and mortality. At the same time, the age-period-cohort model combined with the endogenous factor algorithm (IE) was used to decompose and analyze the age, period and cohort effects, and to evaluate the independent effects of each factor on the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the average annual standardized incidence of lung cancer in China increased by 0.95%(95%CI: 0.76%-1.13%, P<0.001 ), and the average annual standardized mortality increased by 0.38%(95%CI: 0.13% -0.63%, P=0.003). The global standardized incidence of lung cancer decreased by 0.25%(95%CI: -0.36% -0.13%, P<0.001), and the global standardized mortality decreased by 0.54 %(95%CI: -0.7% -0.37%, P<0.001). It is estimated that the overall standardized incidence of lung cancer in China will decrease to 57.78/100 000 by 2044.It is estimated that the overall standardized incidence of lung cancer in China will decrease to 57.78/100 000 by 2044. The standardized incidence rate of male decreased to 73.59/100 000, and the standardized incidence rate of female increased to 44.80/100 000. The global standardized incidence of lung cancer decreased to 29.82/100 000. During the same period, the overall standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in China decreased to 48.23/100 000. The standardized mortality rate of males decreased to 62.88/100 000, while that of females increased to 36.18/100 000. From 1990 to 2021, the RR value of the period change of lung cancer incidence in China increased year by year, and the RR value of the period change of mortality increased first and then decreased. The cohort effect of lung cancer incidence and mortality also showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China continued to rise, while the world showed a downward trend. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer increased with age, and men were significantly higher than women. The period effect increased year by year, and the cohort effect increased first and then decreased. The prediction shows that the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China and the world will decline as a whole from 2022 to 2044, and the global data is positively correlated with SDI.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-ran WU, Hui ZHANG, Chang JI, Li-sha ZHAO, Lin-lin XING, Zhi-guo GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240977222312456271, articleId=1240977220198527937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=1990—2021年中国及全球肺癌流行病学变化趋势及发病率死亡率预测:基于年龄-时期-队列模型的分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析1990—2021年中国及全球肺癌的流行病学变化趋势,并预测未来标化发病率和标化死亡率,揭示不同群体的发病和死亡风险模式,为肺癌防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

本研究数据来源于2021年全球疾病负担(GBD 2021)数据库。使用R 4.4.1软件进行统计分析,通过Joinpoint回归模型计算年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),评估肺癌发病率和死亡率变化趋势。应用年龄-时期-队列模型结合内生因子算法(IE)对年龄、时期和队列效应进行分解分析,评估各因素对发病和死亡风险的独立影响。

结果

1990—2021年,中国肺癌标化发病率平均每年上升0.95%(95% CI:0.76%~1.13%,P<0.001),标化死亡率平均每年上升0.38%(95% CI:0.13%~0.63%,P=0.003)。全球肺癌标化发病率平均每年下降0.25%(95% CI:-0.36%~0.13%,P<0.001),全球标化死亡率则平均每年下降0.54%(95% CI:-0.7%~-0.37%,P<0.001)。预计到2044年中国肺癌总体标化发病率降至57.78/10万。男性标化发病率降至73.59/10万,女性标化发病率升至44.80/10万。全球肺癌总体标化发病率降至29.82/10万。同期间,中国肺癌总体标化死亡率降至48.23/10万。男性标化死亡率降至62.88/10万,而女性标化死亡率升至36.18/10万。1990—2021年,中国肺癌发病率的时期变化RR值逐年上升,死亡率的时期变化RR值先升后降。肺癌发病和死亡的队列效应也呈先升后降趋势。

结论

1990—2021年,中国肺癌发病率和死亡率持续上升,而全球呈下降趋势。肺癌发病和死亡率随年龄增长而增加,男性显著高于女性,时期效应逐年上升,队列效应先升后降。预测显示,2022—2044年,中国和全球肺癌发病率和死亡率将整体下降,且全球数据与SDI呈正相关。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
高志国,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=shoZjk9lQDEdkliHQDjINg==, magXml=/lh4j8z28xuU5/K9wmJpwA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PrZTHx4JtIKrnhA7R3rueg==, pdfFileSize=1345002, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=WsW29CIy+wiO9I3RNPkYIw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=L2YOvRvtHqxVkuK3GXkaaw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴潇然(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:呼吸系统疾病研究

, authorsList=吴潇然, 张慧, 冀昌, 赵丽莎, 邢琳琳, 高志国)}, authors=[Author(id=1240996912048951677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240996912166392203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996912048951677, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-ran WU, firstName=Xiao-ran, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240996912262861205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996912048951677, language=CN, stringName=吴潇然, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001, bio={"content":"

吴潇然(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:呼吸系统疾病研究

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

吴潇然(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:呼吸系统疾病研究

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996911939899762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911948288370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911952482675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001)])]), Author(id=1240996912371913117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240996912468382121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996912371913117, language=EN, stringName=Hui ZHANG, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240996912590016951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996912371913117, language=CN, stringName=张慧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996911939899762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911948288370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911952482675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001)])]), Author(id=1240996912686485954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240996912812315091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996912686485954, language=EN, stringName=Chang JI, firstName=Chang, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240996912908784090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996912686485954, language=CN, stringName=冀昌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996911939899762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911948288370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911952482675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001)])]), Author(id=1240996913030418917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240996913160442354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996913030418917, language=EN, stringName=Li-sha ZHAO, firstName=Li-sha, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240996913282077185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996913030418917, language=CN, stringName=赵丽莎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996911939899762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911948288370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911952482675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001)])]), Author(id=1240996913370157573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240996913487598093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996913370157573, language=EN, stringName=Lin-lin XING, firstName=Lin-lin, middleName=null, lastName=XING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240996913563095571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996913370157573, language=CN, stringName=邢琳琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996911939899762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911948288370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911952482675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001)])]), Author(id=1240996915110793761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gaozhiguohao@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240996915232428589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996915110793761, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-guo GAO, firstName=Zhi-guo, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240996915437949497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, authorId=1240996915110793761, language=CN, stringName=高志国, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996911939899762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911948288370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911952482675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1240996915651859026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Lung cancer), Keyword(id=1240996915760910936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Forecasting analysis), Keyword(id=1240996915886740067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Age-period-cohort model), Keyword(id=1240996916033540720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=肺癌), Keyword(id=1240996916197118584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=预测分析), Keyword(id=1240996916369085064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=年龄-时期-队列模型)], refs=[Reference(id=1240996919707751177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=74, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, journalName=CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2024, 74(3): 229-263., articleTitle=Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996919841968914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=403, issue=10440, pageStart=2162, pageEnd=2203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J]. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 2162-2203., articleTitle=Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996919946826519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=19, issue=3, pageStart=335, pageEnd=351, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, journalName=Statistics in Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, et al. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates[J]. Statistics in Medicine, 2000, 19(3): 335-351., articleTitle=Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920055878430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=39, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=秦宇辰, 郭威, journalName=中国卫生统计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=秦宇辰,郭威.年度变化百分比与年均变化百分比在医学研究变化趋势分析中的应用[J].中国卫生统计2022,21(3):39., articleTitle=年度变化百分比与年均变化百分比在医学研究变化趋势分析中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920194290471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=39, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Guo YC, Guo W, journalName=China Health Statistics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo YC, Guo W. Application of annual percentage change and annual average percentage change in trend analysis of medical research[J]. China Health Statistics, 2022, 21(3): 39. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Application of annual percentage change and annual average percentage change in trend analysis of medical research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920320119599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=28, issue=10/11, pageStart=3363, pageEnd=3391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Rosenberg PS, journalName=Statistical Methods in Medical Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rosenberg PS. A new age-period-cohort model for cancer surveillance research[J]. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 2019, 28(10/11): 3363-3391., articleTitle=A new age-period-cohort model for cancer surveillance research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920429171509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=2, pageStart=208, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Bell A, journalName=Annals of Human Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bell A. Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn’t do[J]. Annals of Human Biology, 2020, 47(2): 208-217., articleTitle=Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn’t do, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920546612028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=57, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Riebler A, Held L, journalName=Biostatistics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Riebler A, Held L. The analysis of heterogeneous time trends in multivariate age-period-cohort models[J]. Biostatistics, 2010, 11(1): 57-69., articleTitle=The analysis of heterogeneous time trends in multivariate age-period-cohort models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920651469637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=6, issue=1, pageStart=63, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Bray F, Møller B, journalName=Nature Reviews Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bray F, Møller B. Predicting the future burden of cancer[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2006, 6(1): 63-74., articleTitle=Predicting the future burden of cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920747938638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=396, issue=10258, pageStart=1204, pageEnd=1222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, journalName=The Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. The Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222., articleTitle=Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920852796245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=394, issue=10204, pageStart=1123, pageEnd=1125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Li X, Galea G, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X, Galea G. Healthy China 2030: an opportunity for tobacco control[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1123-1125., articleTitle=Healthy China 2030: an opportunity for tobacco control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996920978625372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=271, pageEnd=277, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Guo H, Quan G, journalName=The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo H, Quan G. Tobacco control in China and the road to Healthy China 2030[J]. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2020, 24(3): 271-277., articleTitle=Tobacco control in China and the road to Healthy China 2030, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921083482978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=7, issue=10, pageStart=e2440381, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Li MD, Hu MJ, Jiang L, journalName=JAMA Network Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li MD, Hu MJ, Jiang L, et al. Trends in cancer incidence and potential associated factors in China[J]. JAMA Network Open, 2024, 7(10): e2440381., articleTitle=Trends in cancer incidence and potential associated factors in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921217700713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Long JH, Zhai MM, Jiang Q, journalName=Frontiers in Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Long JH, Zhai MM, Jiang Q, et al. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China: a trend analysis and comparison with G20 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Frontiers in Oncology, 2023, 13: 1177482., articleTitle=The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China: a trend analysis and comparison with G20 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921326752624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=969487, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Li H, Zhao M, Fei G, journalName=Frontiers in Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H, Zhao M, Fei G, et al. Epidemiological trends and incidence prediction of lung cancer in China based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019[J]. Frontiers in Medicine, 2022, 9: 969487., articleTitle=Epidemiological trends and incidence prediction of lung cancer in China based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921406444403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=14, issue=9, pageStart=813, pageEnd=822, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, journalName=The Lancet. Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)[J]. The Lancet. Oncology, 2013, 14(9): 813-822., articleTitle=Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921523884924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=6, issue=7, pageStart=573, pageEnd=580, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Sharma G, Hanania NA, Shim YM, journalName=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sharma G, Hanania NA, Shim YM. The aging immune system and its relationship to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 2009, 6(7): 573-580., articleTitle=The aging immune system and its relationship to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921620353924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=3, pageStart=519, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Caballero-Vázquez A, Romero-Béjar JL, Albendín-García L, journalName=J Clin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Caballero-Vázquez A, Romero-Béjar JL, Albendín-García L, et al. Risk factors for Short-Term lung cancer survival[J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(3): 519., articleTitle=Risk factors for Short-Term lung cancer survival, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921721017228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=140, issue=3, pageStart=260, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Welcker K, journalName=Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Welcker K. [Gender Differences in Lung Cancer][J]. Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie. 2015, 140(3): 260-265., articleTitle=Gender Differences in Lung Cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921834263444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=454, pageEnd=465, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Seow WJ, Matsuo K, Hsiung CA, journalName=Human Molecular Genetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Seow WJ, Matsuo K, Hsiung CA, et al. Association between GWAS-identified lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci and EGFR mutations in never-smoking Asian women, and comparison with findings from Western populations[J]. Human Molecular Genetics, 2017, 26(2): 454-465., articleTitle=Association between GWAS-identified lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci and EGFR mutations in never-smoking Asian women, and comparison with findings from Western populations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996921943315356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=468, issue=null, pageStart=82, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Yang DW, Liu Y, Bai CX, journalName=CancerLetters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang DW, Liu Y, Bai CX, et al. Epidemiology of lung cancer and lung cancer screening programs in China and the United States[J]. CancerLetters, 2020, 468: 82-87., articleTitle=Epidemiology of lung cancer and lung cancer screening programs in China and the United States, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996922077533092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=170, issue=null, pageStart=65, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Mckeon TP, Anil V, Penning TM, journalName=Lung Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mckeon TP, Anil V, Penning TM, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer survival in Pennsylvania[J]. Lung Cancer, 2022, 170: 65-73., articleTitle=Air pollution and lung cancer survival in Pennsylvania, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996922174002086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=23, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Raman V, Yong V, Erkmen CP, journalName=Thoracic Surgery Clinics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Raman V, Yong V, Erkmen CP, et al. Social disparities in lung cancer risk and screening[J]. Thoracic Surgery Clinics, 2022, 32(1): 23-31., articleTitle=Social disparities in lung cancer risk and screening, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996922333385643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=5, pageStart=e065303, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Wéber A, Morgan E, Vignat J, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wéber A, Morgan E, Vignat J, et al. Lung cancer mortality in the wake of the changing smoking epidemic: a descriptive study of the global burden in 2020 and 2040[J]. BMJ Open, 2023, 13(5): e065303., articleTitle=Lung cancer mortality in the wake of the changing smoking epidemic: a descriptive study of the global burden in 2020 and 2040, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996922446631859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Albano D, Dhamija A, Liao Y, journalName=Cancer Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Albano D, Dhamija A, Liao Y, et al. Lung cancer in nonsmokers- A risk factor analysis[J]. Cancer Epidemiology, 2023, 86: 102439., articleTitle=Lung cancer in nonsmokers- A risk factor analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996922593432506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=33, issue=1, pageStart=40, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Wu FY, Wang L, Zhou CC, journalName=Current Opinion in Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu FY, Wang L, Zhou CC. Lung cancer in China: current and prospect[J]. Current Opinion in Oncology, 2021, 33(1): 40-46., articleTitle=Lung cancer in China: current and prospect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240996924074021822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=e46737, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Meng FT, Jhuang JR, Peng YT, journalName=JMIR Public Health Surveillance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meng FT, Jhuang JR, Peng YT, et al. Predicting lung cancer survival to the future: population-based cancer survival modeling study[J]. JMIR Public Health Surveillance, 2024, 10: e46737., articleTitle=Predicting lung cancer survival to the future: population-based cancer survival modeling study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240996917996475130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, awardId=2024ZC116, language=CN, fundingSource=邢台市重点研发计划项目(2024ZC116), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996911939899762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911948288370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996911952482675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, companyId=1240996911939899762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996916616549018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Age-period-cohort model of lung cancer incidence in china, 1990-2021, figureFileSmall=Uh4vv6bvQ605a3t7HWY+Gw==, figureFileBig=UbIzJfjZj8hIYLFxxFS5Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996916717212322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年中国肺癌发病年龄-时期-队列模型, figureFileSmall=Uh4vv6bvQ605a3t7HWY+Gw==, figureFileBig=UbIzJfjZj8hIYLFxxFS5Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996916901761711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Age-period-cohort model of lung cancer mortality in china, 1990-2021, figureFileSmall=I35vre4V+jgEwSdpd6lCRA==, figureFileBig=m9M886pTFs+KVglIgGs2Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996917056950972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990—2021年中国肺癌死亡年龄-时期-队列模型, figureFileSmall=I35vre4V+jgEwSdpd6lCRA==, figureFileBig=m9M886pTFs+KVglIgGs2Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996917203751623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Predicted age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in China and Globally, 2022-2044, figureFileSmall=yhIiOvjA79PqSsWZE+1iEw==, figureFileBig=ZYxALveYsQWdV676aTyiTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996917367329490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2022—2044年中国和全球肺癌标化发病率及标化死亡率的预测

注:A.分性别中国和全球肺癌标化发病率预测;B.分性别中国和全球肺癌标化死亡率预测。

, figureFileSmall=yhIiOvjA79PqSsWZE+1iEw==, figureFileBig=ZYxALveYsQWdV676aTyiTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996917455409878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Correlation analysis of lung cancer mortality and incidence with socio-demographic index (SDI) in different regions of the world, figureFileSmall=OxHUyrc0w4umiu90+sHj4w==, figureFileBig=H2qMMyzy2D/PmXCTaYJHzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996917551878880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, label=图4, caption=全球不同地区肺癌死亡率和发病率与社会人口指数 (SDI) 的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=OxHUyrc0w4umiu90+sHj4w==, figureFileBig=H2qMMyzy2D/PmXCTaYJHzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996917639959271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Joinpoint results for lung cancer in China and Globally from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份APC[%,(95% CI)]P
中国标化发病率1990—19970.83(0.64~1.03)<0.001
1997—20042.55(2.30~2.80)<0.001
2004—2007-0.37(-1.79 ~1.06)0.587
2007—20111.51(0.78 ~2.24)<0.001
2011—2016-0.54(-0.99~-0.09)0.022
2016—20210.72(0.40~1.05)<0.001
1990—20210.95(0.76~1.13)<0.001
全球标化发病率1990—1995-0.31(-0.40~-0.23)<0.001
1995—19980.14(-0.15~0.43)0.315
1998—2004-0.44(-0.54~-0.34)<0.001
2004—2012-0.07(-0.27~0.13)0.483
2012—20181.93(1.00~2.86)<0.001
2018—2021-0.09(-0.17~0.00)0.049
1990—2021-0.25(-0.36~-0.13)<0.001
中国标化死亡率1990—19970.65(0.43~0.88)<0.001
1997—20042.23(1.94~2.52)<0.001
2004—2007-1.68(-3.31~-0.01)0.049
2007—20110.89(0.050~1.74)0.039
2011—2014-1.78(-3.42~-0.12)0.037
2014—2021-0.19(-0.42~0.03)0.087
1990—20210.38(0.13~0.63)0.003
全球标化死亡率1990—19950.01(-0.22~0.24)0.950
1995—1998-0.64(-1.66~0.40)0.209
1998—20040.04(-0.20~ 0.27)0.746
2004—2007-1.21(-2.23~-0.18)0.024
2007—2010-0.24(-1.27~0.80)0.623
2010—2021-0.96(-1.03~-0.89)<0.001
1990—2021-0.54(-0.70~-0.37)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996917711262443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977220198527937, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国及全球肺癌Joinpoint结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份APC[%,(95% CI)]P
中国标化发病率1990—19970.83(0.64~1.03)<0.001
1997—20042.55(2.30~2.80)<0.001
2004—2007-0.37(-1.79 ~1.06)0.587
2007—20111.51(0.78 ~2.24)<0.001
2011—2016-0.54(-0.99~-0.09)0.022
2016—20210.72(0.40~1.05)<0.001
1990—20210.95(0.76~1.13)<0.001
全球标化发病率1990—1995-0.31(-0.40~-0.23)<0.001
1995—19980.14(-0.15~0.43)0.315
1998—2004-0.44(-0.54~-0.34)<0.001
2004—2012-0.07(-0.27~0.13)0.483
2012—20181.93(1.00~2.86)<0.001
2018—2021-0.09(-0.17~0.00)0.049
1990—2021-0.25(-0.36~-0.13)<0.001
中国标化死亡率1990—19970.65(0.43~0.88)<0.001
1997—20042.23(1.94~2.52)<0.001
2004—2007-1.68(-3.31~-0.01)0.049
2007—20110.89(0.050~1.74)0.039
2011—2014-1.78(-3.42~-0.12)0.037
2014—2021-0.19(-0.42~0.03)0.087
1990—20210.38(0.13~0.63)0.003
全球标化死亡率1990—19950.01(-0.22~0.24)0.950
1995—1998-0.64(-1.66~0.40)0.209
1998—20040.04(-0.20~ 0.27)0.746
2004—2007-1.21(-2.23~-0.18)0.024
2007—2010-0.24(-1.27~0.80)0.623
2010—2021-0.96(-1.03~-0.89)<0.001
1990—2021-0.54(-0.70~-0.37)<0.001
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1770628902248, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1227669854342280188, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902278, updatedTime=1770628902278, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1227669854396806141, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902291, updatedTime=1770628902291, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
1990—2021年中国及全球肺癌流行病学变化趋势及发病率死亡率预测:基于年龄-时期-队列模型的分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
吴潇然 , 张慧 , 冀昌 , 赵丽莎 , 邢琳琳 , 高志国
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(10): 1735-1741
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(10): 1735-1741
1990—2021年中国及全球肺癌流行病学变化趋势及发病率死亡率预测:基于年龄-时期-队列模型的分析
全屏
吴潇然, 张慧, 冀昌, 赵丽莎, 邢琳琳, 高志国
作者信息
  • 邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001
  • 吴潇然(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:呼吸系统疾病研究

通讯作者:

高志国,E-mail:
Epidemiological trends and prediction of morbidity and mortality of lung cancer in China and the world, 1990-2021: analysis based on age-period-cohort model
Xiao-ran WU, Hui ZHANG, Chang JI, Li-sha ZHAO, Lin-lin XING, Zhi-guo GAO
Affiliations
  • The First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

分析1990—2021年中国及全球肺癌的流行病学变化趋势,并预测未来标化发病率和标化死亡率,揭示不同群体的发病和死亡风险模式,为肺癌防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

本研究数据来源于2021年全球疾病负担(GBD 2021)数据库。使用R 4.4.1软件进行统计分析,通过Joinpoint回归模型计算年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),评估肺癌发病率和死亡率变化趋势。应用年龄-时期-队列模型结合内生因子算法(IE)对年龄、时期和队列效应进行分解分析,评估各因素对发病和死亡风险的独立影响。

结果

1990—2021年,中国肺癌标化发病率平均每年上升0.95%(95% CI:0.76%~1.13%,P<0.001),标化死亡率平均每年上升0.38%(95% CI:0.13%~0.63%,P=0.003)。全球肺癌标化发病率平均每年下降0.25%(95% CI:-0.36%~0.13%,P<0.001),全球标化死亡率则平均每年下降0.54%(95% CI:-0.7%~-0.37%,P<0.001)。预计到2044年中国肺癌总体标化发病率降至57.78/10万。男性标化发病率降至73.59/10万,女性标化发病率升至44.80/10万。全球肺癌总体标化发病率降至29.82/10万。同期间,中国肺癌总体标化死亡率降至48.23/10万。男性标化死亡率降至62.88/10万,而女性标化死亡率升至36.18/10万。1990—2021年,中国肺癌发病率的时期变化RR值逐年上升,死亡率的时期变化RR值先升后降。肺癌发病和死亡的队列效应也呈先升后降趋势。

结论

1990—2021年,中国肺癌发病率和死亡率持续上升,而全球呈下降趋势。肺癌发病和死亡率随年龄增长而增加,男性显著高于女性,时期效应逐年上升,队列效应先升后降。预测显示,2022—2044年,中国和全球肺癌发病率和死亡率将整体下降,且全球数据与SDI呈正相关。

肺癌  /  预测分析  /  年龄-时期-队列模型
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological trends of lung cancer in China and the world from 1990 to 2021, and to predict future standardized morbidity and mortality. By assessing the key factors affecting the burden of lung cancer, such as age, time period and birth cohort, the aim is to reveal the risk patterns of morbidity and mortality in different groups, provide a scientific basis for lung cancer prevention and control strategies, and support disease prevention, early intervention and resource allocation optimization.

Methods

The data of this study were from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.4.1 software. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint regression model to evaluate the trend of lung cancer incidence and mortality. At the same time, the age-period-cohort model combined with the endogenous factor algorithm (IE) was used to decompose and analyze the age, period and cohort effects, and to evaluate the independent effects of each factor on the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the average annual standardized incidence of lung cancer in China increased by 0.95%(95%CI: 0.76%-1.13%, P<0.001 ), and the average annual standardized mortality increased by 0.38%(95%CI: 0.13% -0.63%, P=0.003). The global standardized incidence of lung cancer decreased by 0.25%(95%CI: -0.36% -0.13%, P<0.001), and the global standardized mortality decreased by 0.54 %(95%CI: -0.7% -0.37%, P<0.001). It is estimated that the overall standardized incidence of lung cancer in China will decrease to 57.78/100 000 by 2044.It is estimated that the overall standardized incidence of lung cancer in China will decrease to 57.78/100 000 by 2044. The standardized incidence rate of male decreased to 73.59/100 000, and the standardized incidence rate of female increased to 44.80/100 000. The global standardized incidence of lung cancer decreased to 29.82/100 000. During the same period, the overall standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in China decreased to 48.23/100 000. The standardized mortality rate of males decreased to 62.88/100 000, while that of females increased to 36.18/100 000. From 1990 to 2021, the RR value of the period change of lung cancer incidence in China increased year by year, and the RR value of the period change of mortality increased first and then decreased. The cohort effect of lung cancer incidence and mortality also showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China continued to rise, while the world showed a downward trend. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer increased with age, and men were significantly higher than women. The period effect increased year by year, and the cohort effect increased first and then decreased. The prediction shows that the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China and the world will decline as a whole from 2022 to 2044, and the global data is positively correlated with SDI.

Lung cancer  /  Forecasting analysis  /  Age-period-cohort model
吴潇然, 张慧, 冀昌, 赵丽莎, 邢琳琳, 高志国. 1990—2021年中国及全球肺癌流行病学变化趋势及发病率死亡率预测:基于年龄-时期-队列模型的分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1735 -1741 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245
Xiao-ran WU, Hui ZHANG, Chang JI, Li-sha ZHAO, Lin-lin XING, Zhi-guo GAO. Epidemiological trends and prediction of morbidity and mortality of lung cancer in China and the world, 1990-2021: analysis based on age-period-cohort model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1735 -1741 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245
肺癌作为全球最主要的致死性恶性肿瘤之一,受到吸烟、空气污染、职业暴露等因素的影响,特别是在工业化和人口老龄化的推动下,其发病风险显著增加[1-2]。尽管已有大量研究探讨了肺癌的流行病学变化趋势,但仍存在全球与中国对比研究不足、年龄-时期-队列模型结果解析不够全面以及未来趋势预测和影响因素量化分析不足等问题。为弥补这些不足,本文创新性地结合全球和中国肺癌数据,系统分析了1990—2021年肺癌流行病学的变化趋势,利用年龄-时期-队列(APC)模型深入解析中国肺癌的年龄、时期和队列效应,同时预测2022—2044年中国和全球肺癌的发病率和死亡率变化趋势,并首次引入社会人口学指数(SDI)探讨其与肺癌负担之间的关联,为制定全球和中国层面的肺癌防控策略提供了数据支持和科学依据。
本研究的数据主要来源于美国华盛顿大学卫生计量与评估研究所(IHME)发布的2021年全球疾病负担数据库(GBD 2021)。本研究使用GBD结果工具(GBD Results Tool)检索数据,选择的地区为中国和全球,疾病原因为肺癌,分析指标包括发病和死亡。所有疾病负担数据及其95%不确定区间(Uncertainty interval,UI)均由IHME估算得出。
使用Joinpoint Regression Program(4.9.1.0)回归模型对标化发病率和标化死亡率进行趋势分析[3]。通过回归模型计算年度变化百分比(Annual percentage change, APC)以及平均年度变化百分比(Average annual percentage change, AAPC)[4],检验水准α=0.05。
本研究应用年龄-时期-队列模型来评估年龄、时期和队列三个独立因素对肺癌发病率和死亡率的影响[5-6]。通过将内生因子算法(Intrinsic Estimator, IE)整合至年龄-时期-队列模型中,分析指标包括纵向年龄曲线、时期相对风险(Relative Risk, RR)值及队列RR值。模型分析使用R 4.4.1软件,所有统计检验均为双侧,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究采用Nordpred预测模型对标化发病率和标化死亡率进行预测。该模型基于年龄-时期-队列模型,使用广义线性模型进行外推,结合时期效应和队列效应,预测未来的标化发病率和标化死亡率。Nordpred假设标化发病率和标化死亡率受年龄、时间和出生队列的共同影响[7-8]
SDI由数据库GBD 2021直接获取,可通过GBD官网或健康指标与评估研究所(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, IHME)获取。采用Pearson相关系数或Spearman秩相关系数分析SDI与肺癌发病率、死亡率之间的相关性,根据SDI值的高、中、低分组,分别分析不同社会经济发展水平下肺癌负担的变化规律[9]
由于GBD数据已完成年龄标准化处理,并提供了95% UI,本研究直接使用R 4.4.1软件进行统计分析。安装并加载ggplot2等相关包以支持数据分析和结果可视化。
1990—2021年,中国肺癌标化发病率整体呈逐年上升趋势,平均每年上升0.95%(95% CI:0.76%~1.13%,P<0.001),其中1997—2004年上升最快。与此相反,全球肺癌标化发病率在此期间逐年下降,平均每年下降0.25%(95% CI:-0.36%~0.13%,P<0.001)。中国肺癌标化死亡率也呈逐年上升趋势,平均每年上升0.38%(95% CI:0.13%~0.63%,P=0.003),而全球标化死亡率则平均每年下降0.54%(95% CI:-0.7%~-0.37%,P<0.001),见表1
1990—2021年中国肺癌发病和死亡率随年龄增长而增加,50岁后发病率加速,男性的发病率显著高于女性,特别在80岁后急剧上升,90岁左右达到高峰。女性发病率较低,增速较缓,老年时期增速低于男性。男性死亡率随年龄增长显著,60岁后逐步上升,80岁左右急剧增加,90岁时达到峰值;女性死亡率增长较缓,一直维持在较低水平,见图1A图2A
1990—2021年,中国肺癌发病率的时期变化RR值逐年上升,以1992—1996年为参考组(RR=1),2017—2021年发病风险最高,RR=1.12(95% CI:1.061.17)。女性自2017年后发病率升高速度较快。中国肺癌死亡率的时期变化RR值先升后降,以1992—1996年为参考组(RR=1),2002—2006年死亡风险最高,RR=1.05(95% CI:1.021.08)。女性死亡风险在2002—2006年后迅速下降,2012—2016年低于基准,但2016年后反弹,见图1B图2B
调整时期与年龄因素影响后,1990—2021年中国肺癌发病及死亡队列效应均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以1972—1981年参考队列 (RR=1),1952—1961年出生的人群发病风险最高,RR=1.14(95% CI:1.05~1.24),1956年出生的人群队列发病风险逐渐下降。1932—1941年出生的人群死亡风险最高,RR=1.35(95% CI:1.23~1.49),1952年以后出生的人群队列死亡风险逐渐降低,见图1C图2C
2022—2044年,中国肺癌总体标化发病率呈逐年下降趋势,从61.75/10万降至57.78/10万。男性标化发病率从86.79/10万降至73.59/10万,女性标化发病率从39.73/10万升至44.80/10万。全球肺癌总体标化发病率也逐年下降,从36.31/10万降至29.82/10万。同期间,中国肺癌总体标化死亡率也呈逐年下降趋势,从54.41/10万降至48.23/10万。男性标化死亡率从77.75/10万降至62.88/10万,而女性标化死亡率逐年上升,从34.14/10万升至36.18/10万,见图3
肺癌发病率和死亡率与SDI呈正相关。在21个地区中,当SDI介于0.6~0.8之间时,肺癌发病率迅速上升,且当SDI达到0.8时,肺癌发病率达到峰值。尽管高SDI地区肺癌死亡率较高,但其上升趋势较发病率缓慢。高SDI国家的肺癌死亡率略有下降趋势,而低SDI地区肺癌死亡率较低,见图4
1990—2021年中国肺癌标化发病率和标化死亡率平均每年分别增长0.95%和0.38%,呈逐年上升趋势;而全球肺癌标化发病率和死亡率平均每年分别下降0.25%和0.54%。中国肺癌发病率增长与高烟草使用率和肺癌筛查能力提升密切相关[10-11]。尽管中国政府推出“健康中国2030”战略,旨在将吸烟率降至20%以下,但吸烟仍是主要致病因素之一。高收入国家如北美和欧洲的控烟政策较早实施,肺癌发病和死亡率与烟草使用变化紧密相关,男性肺癌发病率呈现先升后降的趋势。吸烟与肺癌发病率之间通常存在20~25年的滞后期,肺癌发病率在吸烟高峰后约20年达到峰值。随着控烟措施加强,吸烟率下降,肺癌发病率也开始减少[12-14]。同时,肺腺癌的高负担与中国等转型国家长期暴露于室外空气污染有关[15]
年龄效应结果表明,1990—2021年间,中国肺癌发病和死亡率随着年龄增长显著增加,尤其在50岁以后发病率升高,且在高龄群体中达到峰值。男性的发病率显著高于女性和整体。年龄是肺癌负担的关键因素,随着年龄增长,人体逐渐积累各种致癌暴露(如长期吸烟、空气污染和职业暴露),导致肺癌风险显著增加。长期暴露于致癌物的累积效应增加了肺癌的发病风险,尤其在老年人群体中,免疫衰老使得免疫系统对肺癌细胞的识别和清除能力下降,促使癌症进展。研究显示,老年人T细胞功能下降,尤其是针对肿瘤抗原的T细胞,使得癌细胞易逃避免疫监视,导致肺癌发病率和侵袭性增加[16-17]。男性肺癌发病率显著高于女性的原因主要包括生物学差异和行为因素。男性普遍有更高的吸烟率,这被认为是肺癌的主要致病因素。此外,男性的职业暴露、环境污染和生理差异(如激素水平)也可能影响肺癌风险。相对而言,女性的吸烟率和暴露于致癌物质的机会较低,因此其肺癌发病率较低[1,18]
1990—2021年,中国肺癌发病率逐年上升,2017—2021年发病风险最高,女性增速最快,超过男性和总体;男性发病风险在2017年后趋于稳定或回落。肺癌死亡率呈先升后降趋势,2002—2006年死亡风险最高,女性死亡风险在2012—2016年低于基准,但2016年后反弹。研究表明,肺癌的危险因素包括吸烟、被动吸烟、职业暴露、空气污染、饮食、既往疾病及遗传易感性等[1,19]。尽管控烟措施有效,过去的吸烟行为仍影响当前肺癌发病率。空气污染,尤其是PM2.5浓度升高,已成为非吸烟人群的重要风险因素,每增加10 μg/m3,肺癌死亡风险相对增加1.05~1.14,女性和老年人受影响更大。工业废气和城市化中的化学物质暴露进一步加剧肺癌流行[1,20-21]。女性肺癌发病率自2017年后显著增长[22-23],可能与家居油烟暴露、基因易感性和环境因素交互作用有关[24-25]。这表明非吸烟女性肺癌增加受到独特生物学机制和环境暴露的影响。中国肺癌死亡率变化与医疗发展和健康干预密切相关,早期筛查提高了诊断率[25-26],降低了死亡风险,但环境污染和生活方式变化仍需关注。靶向治疗和免疫治疗延长了患者生存期,尤其对女性有积极影响,但新病例增加仍是公共健康挑战。
时期队列结果显示,1990—2021年中国肺癌发病和死亡率呈现“先上升后下降”的队列趋势。这一趋势可能受多个因素影响,包括吸烟习惯变化、空气污染加剧和治理措施实施、以及医疗水平提升。以1952—1961年出生人群为例,其发病风险最高(RR=1.14),主要由于该时期中国工业化和城市化加速,吸烟率较高,空气污染显著上升。随着后期出生人群对健康风险认知的提高,肺癌发病风险有所下降。死亡风险方面,1932—1941年出生的群体肺癌死亡风险最高(RR=1.35),反映了当时高危职业暴露和有限医疗条件的影响。随着控烟措施和医疗技术的进步,特别是早期筛查和靶向治疗的应用,1952年后出生人群的肺癌发病和死亡风险逐渐下降。
2022—2044年,预测显示中国肺癌标化发病率和死亡率呈不同趋势。总体标化发病率预计从61.75/10万降至57.78/10万,男性显著下降,女性略有上升。全球肺癌标化发病率预计从36.31/10万降至29.82/10万,反映全球风险因素有效控制。标化死亡率方面,中国总体预计从54.41/10万降至48.23/10万,男性显著下降,女性略有上升。全球标化死亡率预计从32.37/10万降至26.77/10万,表明死亡风险逐步减小。趋势可能与控烟、早诊早治及男性吸烟率下降有关,但女性发病率和死亡率上升可能与二手烟、空气污染及基因易感性增加有关。
肺癌发病率和死亡率与SDI呈正相关,标化发病率随SDI增加显著上升,但在SDI接近1.0的高收入国家,趋势趋于平稳或略有下降,反映了筛查、早期诊断、治疗和控烟政策的进展。尽管中国在肺癌预防和治疗上取得进展,发病率仍在上升,特别是在女性和非吸烟者中。未来应聚焦于更有效的预防策略、创新药物及针对中国患者的治疗方案,强化控烟、改善空气质量,并推动高危人群(特别是女性)的基因筛查和早期诊断,以降低肺癌发病率和死亡率。
  • 邢台市重点研发计划项目(2024ZC116)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2024, 74(3): 229-263.
[2]
GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J]. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 2162-2203.
[3]
Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, et al. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates[J]. Statistics in Medicine, 2000, 19(3): 335-351.
[4]
秦宇辰,郭威.年度变化百分比与年均变化百分比在医学研究变化趋势分析中的应用[J].中国卫生统计2022,21(3):39.
Guo YC, Guo W. Application of annual percentage change and annual average percentage change in trend analysis of medical research[J]. China Health Statistics, 2022, 21(3): 39. (In Chinese)
[5]
Rosenberg PS. A new age-period-cohort model for cancer surveillance research[J]. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 2019, 28(10/11): 3363-3391.
[6]
Bell A. Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn’t do[J]. Annals of Human Biology, 2020, 47(2): 208-217.
[7]
Riebler A, Held L. The analysis of heterogeneous time trends in multivariate age-period-cohort models[J]. Biostatistics, 2010, 11(1): 57-69.
[8]
Bray F, Møller B. Predicting the future burden of cancer[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2006, 6(1): 63-74.
[9]
Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. The Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222.
[10]
Li X, Galea G. Healthy China 2030: an opportunity for tobacco control[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1123-1125.
[11]
Guo H, Quan G. Tobacco control in China and the road to Healthy China 2030[J]. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2020, 24(3): 271-277.
[12]
Li MD, Hu MJ, Jiang L, et al. Trends in cancer incidence and potential associated factors in China[J]. JAMA Network Open, 2024, 7(10): e2440381.
[13]
Long JH, Zhai MM, Jiang Q, et al. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China: a trend analysis and comparison with G20 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Frontiers in Oncology, 2023, 13: 1177482.
[14]
Li H, Zhao M, Fei G, et al. Epidemiological trends and incidence prediction of lung cancer in China based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019[J]. Frontiers in Medicine, 2022, 9: 969487.
[15]
Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)[J]. The Lancet. Oncology, 2013, 14(9): 813-822.
[16]
Sharma G, Hanania NA, Shim YM. The aging immune system and its relationship to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 2009, 6(7): 573-580.
[17]
Caballero-Vázquez A, Romero-Béjar JL, Albendín-García L, et al. Risk factors for Short-Term lung cancer survival[J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(3): 519.
[18]
Welcker K. [Gender Differences in Lung Cancer][J]. Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie. 2015, 140(3): 260-265.
[19]
Seow WJ, Matsuo K, Hsiung CA, et al. Association between GWAS-identified lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci and EGFR mutations in never-smoking Asian women, and comparison with findings from Western populations[J]. Human Molecular Genetics, 2017, 26(2): 454-465.
[20]
Yang DW, Liu Y, Bai CX, et al. Epidemiology of lung cancer and lung cancer screening programs in China and the United States[J]. CancerLetters, 2020, 468: 82-87.
[21]
Mckeon TP, Anil V, Penning TM, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer survival in Pennsylvania[J]. Lung Cancer, 2022, 170: 65-73.
[22]
Raman V, Yong V, Erkmen CP, et al. Social disparities in lung cancer risk and screening[J]. Thoracic Surgery Clinics, 2022, 32(1): 23-31.
[23]
Wéber A, Morgan E, Vignat J, et al. Lung cancer mortality in the wake of the changing smoking epidemic: a descriptive study of the global burden in 2020 and 2040[J]. BMJ Open, 2023, 13(5): e065303.
[24]
Albano D, Dhamija A, Liao Y, et al. Lung cancer in nonsmokers- A risk factor analysis[J]. Cancer Epidemiology, 2023, 86: 102439.
[25]
Wu FY, Wang L, Zhou CC. Lung cancer in China: current and prospect[J]. Current Opinion in Oncology, 2021, 33(1): 40-46.
[26]
Meng FT, Jhuang JR, Peng YT, et al. Predicting lung cancer survival to the future: population-based cancer survival modeling study[J]. JMIR Public Health Surveillance, 2024, 10: e46737.
2025年第52卷第10期
PDF下载
75
34
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245
  • 接收时间:2024-11-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12
基金
邢台市重点研发计划项目(2024ZC116)
作者信息
    邢台市人民医院 呼吸与危重症医学一科,河北 邢台 054001

通讯作者:

高志国,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411245
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏