Article(id=1240977218260750710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406354, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718985600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801625075, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801625075, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801625075, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801625075, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1867, endPage=1872, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977218868924803, articleId=1240977218260750710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of influencing factors of family resilience in stroke patients based on structural equation modeling, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the current status of family resilience in stroke patients and the influencing factors, with further exploration of the pathways between the influencing factors.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to survey 285 stroke inpatients using the General Information Questionnaire, the Family APGAR Questionnaire (APGAR), the Chinese-version Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-14), and the Family Resilience Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients. Analyzing the mechanism of influencing factors on family resilience through structural equation modeling.

Results

The family resilience score of stroke patients was (103.98±20.19). The results of the structural equation modeling analysis showed that social demography factors of place of residence had a negative indirect effect on family resilience through family functioning (β=-0.259, P<0.001), and per capita monthly family income had a positive indirect effect on family resilience through perceived stress and family functioning (β=0.373, P<0.001). Disease-related factors such as whether it was a first stroke or not, and the degree of dysfunction had a negative indirect effect on family resilience through perceived stress and family functioning (β=-0.140, P<0.001; β=-0.453, P<0.001). Perceived stress had a negative indirect effect on family resilience through family functioning (β=-0.849, P<0.001) and family functioning had a direct positive effect on family resilience (β=0.966, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The family resilience of stroke patients is at a medium level. Emphasis should be placed on stroke patients who live in rural areas, have a lower economic level, have a first stroke, and have a higher degree of dysfunction. Family resilience can be effectively improved by enhancing family functioning and reducing perceived stress.

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目的

了解脑卒中患者家庭弹性的现状、影响因素及其作用机制。

方法

采取便利抽样法,采用一般资料调查表、家庭关怀度指数测评量表、压力知觉量表、脑卒中患者家庭弹性评估量表对285例脑卒中住院患者进行问卷调查,通过结构方程模型分析各影响因素对家庭弹性的作用机制。

结果

脑卒中患者家庭弹性得分为(103.98±20.19)。结构方程模型分析显示,社会人口学因素中,居住地通过家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.259, P<0.001),家庭人均月收入通过影响压力知觉、家庭功能对家庭弹性产生正向间接效应(β=0.373, P<0.001)。疾病相关因素中,是否为首发脑卒中、功能障碍程度通过影响压力知觉、家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.140, P<0.001; β=-0.453, P<0.001)。压力知觉通过家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.849, P<0.001),家庭功能对家庭弹性有明显的正向直接效应(β=0.966, P<0.001)。

结论

脑卒中患者家庭弹性处于中等水平;应重点关注居住在农村、经济水平较低、首发脑卒中以及功能障碍程度较重的脑卒中患者;通过提升家庭功能,减轻压力知觉可有效提高家庭弹性。

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钱英,E-mail:
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杨丽娜(1998—),女,硕士,助理讲师,研究方向:老年护理

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注:e代表误差项。

, figureFileSmall=QH5OKnqjiRIRGD9EhCIuGA==, figureFileBig=7odM1A5jzSzO8vawiSAAjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996912321589791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influncing family resilience in stroke patients (n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类n(%)得分(统计值P
性别171(60.85)104.68±20.590.727a0.468
110(39.15)102.88±19.60
年龄(岁)≤5023(8.19)101.57±16.724.536d0.338
51~5960(21.35)104.67±16.96
60~6974(26.33)106.36±23.05
70~7985(30.25)100.73±20.39
≥8039(13.88)106.87±20.19
居住地城市182(64.77)109.35±19.84 -5.985c<0.001
农村99(35.23)94.09±16.90
文化程度文盲或半文盲34(12.10)92.71±19.628.069b<0.001
小学62(22.06)97.92±18.72
初中73(25.98)104.86±18.88
高中/职高/中专75(26.69)108.08±20.78
大专及以上37(13.17)114.43±17.53
家庭人均月收入(元)<1 00023(8.19)92.57±16.7536.128d<0.001
1 000~2 999123(43.77)98.91±18.93
3 000~4 99986(30.60)107.83±20.64
5 000~7 99935(12.46)112.31±18.68
≥8 00014(4.98)122.71±10.50
宗教信仰245(87.19)104.51±20.56 1.169a0.244
36(12.81)100.31±17.30
婚姻状况非在婚者46(16.37)94.93±19.793.382a0.001
在婚者235(83.63)105.74±19.83
工作状态无业67(23.84)94.72±17.9023.619d<0.001
退休123(43.77)109.75±21.04
在职91(32.38)102.99±17.97
医疗费用支付方式自费49(17.44)91.55±15.18-4.697c<0.001
医保支付232(82.56)106.60±20.17
脑卒中类型缺血性191(67.97)105.42±20.52 1.753a0.081
出血性90(32.03)100.91±19.22
首发脑卒中85(30.25)109.18±19.76 2.881a0.004
196(69.75)101.72±20.01
功能障碍程度自理40(14.23)119.48±14.5025.305b<0.001
轻度依赖111(39.50)109.40±19.41
中度依赖128(45.55)94.42±17.66
重度依赖2(0.71)104.50±17.68
病程阶段急性期197(70.10)102.50±19.881.915b0.149
恢复期35(12.46)106.00±21.96
后遗症期49(17.44)108.45±19.76
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912426447406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

脑卒中患者家庭弹性影响因素的单因素分析(n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类n(%)得分(统计值P
性别171(60.85)104.68±20.590.727a0.468
110(39.15)102.88±19.60
年龄(岁)≤5023(8.19)101.57±16.724.536d0.338
51~5960(21.35)104.67±16.96
60~6974(26.33)106.36±23.05
70~7985(30.25)100.73±20.39
≥8039(13.88)106.87±20.19
居住地城市182(64.77)109.35±19.84 -5.985c<0.001
农村99(35.23)94.09±16.90
文化程度文盲或半文盲34(12.10)92.71±19.628.069b<0.001
小学62(22.06)97.92±18.72
初中73(25.98)104.86±18.88
高中/职高/中专75(26.69)108.08±20.78
大专及以上37(13.17)114.43±17.53
家庭人均月收入(元)<1 00023(8.19)92.57±16.7536.128d<0.001
1 000~2 999123(43.77)98.91±18.93
3 000~4 99986(30.60)107.83±20.64
5 000~7 99935(12.46)112.31±18.68
≥8 00014(4.98)122.71±10.50
宗教信仰245(87.19)104.51±20.56 1.169a0.244
36(12.81)100.31±17.30
婚姻状况非在婚者46(16.37)94.93±19.793.382a0.001
在婚者235(83.63)105.74±19.83
工作状态无业67(23.84)94.72±17.9023.619d<0.001
退休123(43.77)109.75±21.04
在职91(32.38)102.99±17.97
医疗费用支付方式自费49(17.44)91.55±15.18-4.697c<0.001
医保支付232(82.56)106.60±20.17
脑卒中类型缺血性191(67.97)105.42±20.52 1.753a0.081
出血性90(32.03)100.91±19.22
首发脑卒中85(30.25)109.18±19.76 2.881a0.004
196(69.75)101.72±20.01
功能障碍程度自理40(14.23)119.48±14.5025.305b<0.001
轻度依赖111(39.50)109.40±19.41
中度依赖128(45.55)94.42±17.66
重度依赖2(0.71)104.50±17.68
病程阶段急性期197(70.10)102.50±19.881.915b0.149
恢复期35(12.46)106.00±21.96
后遗症期49(17.44)108.45±19.76
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912543887928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scores of stroke patients on family resilience, family functioning, and perceived stress(n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量表及维度总均分(条目均分(
脑卒中患者家庭弹性评估量表103.98±20.19-
家庭信念20.64±6.122.95±0.87
家庭精神17.80±3.683.56±0.74
家庭联结16.98±3.613.40±0.72
家庭资源15.32±3.593.06±0.72
家庭沟通16.40±3.803.28±0.76
家庭协作16.83±3.743.37±0.75
家庭关怀度指数测评量表4.74±2.45-
适应度1.35±0.731.35±0.73
合作度0.94±0.690.94±0.69
成长度0.91±0.720.91±0.72
情感度0.72±0.650.72±0.65
亲密度0.83±0.740.83±0.74
压力知觉量表26.49±12.68-
失控感13.19±6.181.88±0.88
紧张感13.30±6.861.90±0.98
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912648745541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

脑卒中患者家庭弹性评估量表、家庭关怀度指数测评量表、压力知觉量表得分情况(n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量表及维度总均分(条目均分(
脑卒中患者家庭弹性评估量表103.98±20.19-
家庭信念20.64±6.122.95±0.87
家庭精神17.80±3.683.56±0.74
家庭联结16.98±3.613.40±0.72
家庭资源15.32±3.593.06±0.72
家庭沟通16.40±3.803.28±0.76
家庭协作16.83±3.743.37±0.75
家庭关怀度指数测评量表4.74±2.45-
适应度1.35±0.731.35±0.73
合作度0.94±0.690.94±0.69
成长度0.91±0.720.91±0.72
情感度0.72±0.650.72±0.65
亲密度0.83±0.740.83±0.74
压力知觉量表26.49±12.68-
失控感13.19±6.181.88±0.88
紧张感13.30±6.861.90±0.98
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912757797458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of family functioning,perceived stress and family resilience in stroke patients (r, n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关性分析(r家庭弹性得分家庭功能得分压力知觉得分
家庭弹性得分1.000--
家庭功能得分0.786a1.000-
压力知觉得分-0.843a-0.790a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912862655070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

脑卒中患者家庭功能、压力知觉与家庭弹性得分的相关性分析(r, n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关性分析(r家庭弹性得分家庭功能得分压力知觉得分
家庭弹性得分1.000--
家庭功能得分0.786a1.000-
压力知觉得分-0.843a-0.790a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240996912984289895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect values of variables on family resilience in stroke patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量直接效应(95%CI间接效应(95%CI总效应(95%CI
居住地--0.259(-0.336~-0.180)a-0.259(-0.336~-0.180)a
家庭人均月收入-0.373(0.276~0.460)a0.373(0.276~0.460)a
功能障碍程度--0.453(-0.552~-0.356)a-0.453(-0.552~-0.356)a
是否为首发脑卒中--0.140(-0.243~-0.044)a-0.140(-0.243~-0.044)a
压力知觉--0.849(-0.900~-0.783)a-0.849(-0.900~-0.783)a
家庭功能0.966(0.932~0.997)a-0.966(0.932~0.997)a
), ArticleFig(id=1240996913076564595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977218260750710, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各变量对脑卒中患者家庭弹性影响的效应值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量直接效应(95%CI间接效应(95%CI总效应(95%CI
居住地--0.259(-0.336~-0.180)a-0.259(-0.336~-0.180)a
家庭人均月收入-0.373(0.276~0.460)a0.373(0.276~0.460)a
功能障碍程度--0.453(-0.552~-0.356)a-0.453(-0.552~-0.356)a
是否为首发脑卒中--0.140(-0.243~-0.044)a-0.140(-0.243~-0.044)a
压力知觉--0.849(-0.900~-0.783)a-0.849(-0.900~-0.783)a
家庭功能0.966(0.932~0.997)a-0.966(0.932~0.997)a
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基于结构方程模型的脑卒中患者家庭弹性影响因素分析
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杨丽娜 1, 2 , 叶安琪 1 , 周祎祎 1 , 杨民君 1 , 钱英 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(10): 1867-1872
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(10): 1867-1872
基于结构方程模型的脑卒中患者家庭弹性影响因素分析
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杨丽娜1, 2, 叶安琪1, 周祎祎1, 杨民君1, 钱英1
作者信息
  • 1.杭州师范大学,浙江 杭州 311121
  • 2.山东省临沂卫生学校
  • 杨丽娜(1998—),女,硕士,助理讲师,研究方向:老年护理

通讯作者:

钱英,E-mail:
Analysis of influencing factors of family resilience in stroke patients based on structural equation modeling
Li-na YANG1, 2, An-qi YE1, Yi-yi ZHOU1, Min-jun YANG1, Ying QIAN1
Affiliations
  • Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406354
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目的

了解脑卒中患者家庭弹性的现状、影响因素及其作用机制。

方法

采取便利抽样法,采用一般资料调查表、家庭关怀度指数测评量表、压力知觉量表、脑卒中患者家庭弹性评估量表对285例脑卒中住院患者进行问卷调查,通过结构方程模型分析各影响因素对家庭弹性的作用机制。

结果

脑卒中患者家庭弹性得分为(103.98±20.19)。结构方程模型分析显示,社会人口学因素中,居住地通过家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.259, P<0.001),家庭人均月收入通过影响压力知觉、家庭功能对家庭弹性产生正向间接效应(β=0.373, P<0.001)。疾病相关因素中,是否为首发脑卒中、功能障碍程度通过影响压力知觉、家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.140, P<0.001; β=-0.453, P<0.001)。压力知觉通过家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.849, P<0.001),家庭功能对家庭弹性有明显的正向直接效应(β=0.966, P<0.001)。

结论

脑卒中患者家庭弹性处于中等水平;应重点关注居住在农村、经济水平较低、首发脑卒中以及功能障碍程度较重的脑卒中患者;通过提升家庭功能,减轻压力知觉可有效提高家庭弹性。

脑卒中  /  家庭弹性  /  家庭功能  /  压力知觉  /  结构方程模型
Objective

To analyze the current status of family resilience in stroke patients and the influencing factors, with further exploration of the pathways between the influencing factors.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to survey 285 stroke inpatients using the General Information Questionnaire, the Family APGAR Questionnaire (APGAR), the Chinese-version Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-14), and the Family Resilience Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients. Analyzing the mechanism of influencing factors on family resilience through structural equation modeling.

Results

The family resilience score of stroke patients was (103.98±20.19). The results of the structural equation modeling analysis showed that social demography factors of place of residence had a negative indirect effect on family resilience through family functioning (β=-0.259, P<0.001), and per capita monthly family income had a positive indirect effect on family resilience through perceived stress and family functioning (β=0.373, P<0.001). Disease-related factors such as whether it was a first stroke or not, and the degree of dysfunction had a negative indirect effect on family resilience through perceived stress and family functioning (β=-0.140, P<0.001; β=-0.453, P<0.001). Perceived stress had a negative indirect effect on family resilience through family functioning (β=-0.849, P<0.001) and family functioning had a direct positive effect on family resilience (β=0.966, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The family resilience of stroke patients is at a medium level. Emphasis should be placed on stroke patients who live in rural areas, have a lower economic level, have a first stroke, and have a higher degree of dysfunction. Family resilience can be effectively improved by enhancing family functioning and reducing perceived stress.

Stoke  /  Family resilience  /  Family function  /  Perceived stress  /  Structural equation modeling
杨丽娜, 叶安琪, 周祎祎, 杨民君, 钱英. 基于结构方程模型的脑卒中患者家庭弹性影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1867 -1872 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406354
Li-na YANG, An-qi YE, Yi-yi ZHOU, Min-jun YANG, Ying QIAN. Analysis of influencing factors of family resilience in stroke patients based on structural equation modeling[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1867 -1872 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406354
脑卒中是我国成人致死、致残的首位病因[1],脑卒中后患者往往因不同程度的运动、感觉和认知功能障碍而导致独立生活能力受损[2]。据报道[3],约70%~80%的脑卒中患者选择出院后回家康复,因而家庭及其成员的支持对患者预后有重要作用。脑卒中的突发性、严重性及预后不确定性常使患者及其家庭在疾病应对及家庭结构和功能调试方面面临诸多挑战[3]。家庭弹性(family resilience)是帮助家庭实现良好调适以维持家庭稳定的力量[4],能够改善脑卒中患者的预后,提高生活质量。因此,明确影响家庭弹性的重要因素对于维持脑卒中患者家庭的稳定性和改善疾病预后有重要意义。一项系统综述显示,与社会环境相比,家庭环境如家庭沟通、家庭凝聚力等更能影响家庭弹性[5]。家庭功能指家庭系统中各成员之间的沟通交流、情感联系以及应对外部突发事件的能力,类属于家庭环境[6]。压力知觉是个体对压力事件进行认知评价后产生的心理反应[7]。根据家庭压力、调整与适应模型,家庭能否成功应对压力事件并实现健康适应,取决于家庭成员对压力的评估和调动资源的能力[8]。研究[5]发现,健康的家庭功能、较低的压力知觉能够提升家庭弹性,现有研究[9-10]多关注单一因素对家庭弹性的影响,忽视了多种因素的综合作用结果。本研究拟采用结构方程模型分析社会人口学因素、疾病特征、压力知觉以及家庭功能等因素对家庭弹性的影响,以期为提升脑卒中患者家庭弹性水平提供理论依据。
本研究采用便利抽样法,于2022年6月至11月对杭州市2家三级医院神经内科、神经外科的脑卒中患者进行问卷调查。纳入标准:①经CT或MRI确诊为脑卒中;②年龄≥18岁;③病情基本稳定,意识清楚;④知情并自愿配合调查。排除标准:①伴有心、肝、肾等脏器功能严重不全或患有恶性肿瘤者;②有严重认知功能障碍、精神疾病史。本研究已通过杭州师范大学伦理审查(批号2022027),所有研究对象均自愿参加。
由研究者自行设计,包括患者年龄、性别、宗教信仰、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、婚姻状况、医疗费用支付方式、家庭特征等。
采用脑卒中类型、是否首发、病程阶段等反映疾病特征。功能障碍程度测评采用日常生活能力评定量表(Barthel),包括10项日常生活活动:进食、洗澡、梳妆洗漱、穿衣、控制大便、控制小便、用厕、床椅转移、行走和上下楼梯。总分0~100分,100分为自理,61~99分为轻度依赖,41~60分为中度依赖;≤40分为重度依赖。该量表具有良好的信度和效度[10]
采用APGAR[11]测量脑卒中患者的家庭功能,量表由适应度、合作度、成长度、情感度及亲密度5个维度5个条目组成。评分标准为0(几乎很少)~2分(经常这样),总分0~10分,7~10分为家庭功能良好,4~6分为家庭功能中度障碍,0~3分为家庭功能重度障碍。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.73。
由Cohen等于1983年编制,杨廷忠等[7]汉化并修订而成,包括紧张感、失控感2个维度14个条目。量表评分为0(从来没有)~4分(总是),总分0~56分,得分越高说明个体压力越大。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.95。
由课题组基于Sixbey于2005年编制的家庭弹性评估量表(family resilience assessment scale,FRAS)修订而成,包含家庭信念、家庭精神、家庭联结、家庭资源、家庭沟通、家庭协作6个维度,32个条目[12]。采用Likert5级评分法,总分32~160分,得分越高说明家庭弹性越高。总量表Cronbach α系数为0.96。
调查前取得医院及研究对象的知情同意,由研究者发放问卷,在填写前说明研究目的、意义、填写方法及注意事项。
采用SPSS 26.0进行统计描述、独立样本t检验、方差分析或非参数检验、Pearson相关系数分析,采用 Amos 24.0构建结构方程模型。检验水准α=0.05。
发放问卷285份,回收有效问卷281份,有效回收率为98.60%。其中男性171例(60.85%),女性110例(39.15%);年龄<60岁有83例(29.54%),≥60岁有198例(70.46%);缺血性脑卒中191例(67.97%),出血性脑卒中90例(32.03%);首发脑卒中196例(69.75%),复发脑卒中85例(30.25%),见表1
经检验,本研究数据为近似正态分布。单因素分析结果显示,居住地、文化程度、家庭人均月收入等9个变量组间家庭弹性得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1
脑卒中患者家庭弹性评估量表、家庭关怀度指数测评量表、压力知觉量表得分情况见表2。将脑卒中患者的家庭弹性、家庭功能及压力知觉得分做相关分析,结果显示各变量间相关性均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),见表3
本研究基于家庭弹性理论和文献回顾,使用AMOS 24.0软件构建结构方程模型,分析家庭弹性各影响因素间的作用路径及效应大小,包括单因素分析有统计学意义的变量以及家庭功能、压力知觉,经反复多次修订模型,最终的拟合指标:χ2/df=1.841,RMSEA=0.055,RMR=0.022,GFI=0.926,CFI=0.964,提示模型拟合良好,路径系数见图1。结果显示,社会人口学因素中,居住地通过家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.259, P<0.001),家庭人均月收入通过影响压力知觉、家庭功能对家庭弹性产生正向间接效应(β=0.373, P<0.001)。疾病相关因素中,是否为首发脑卒中、功能障碍程度均通过影响压力知觉、家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.140, P<0.001; β=-0.453, P<0.001)。家庭功能对家庭弹性有明显的正向直接效应(β=0.966, P<0.001),压力知觉通过家庭功能对家庭弹性产生负向间接效应(β=-0.849, P<0.001),各变量对脑卒中患者家庭弹性影响的效应值见表4
本研究脑卒中患者家庭弹性得分(103.98±20.19),处于中等水平。“家庭信念”维度条目得分最低(2.95±0.87),说明脑卒中患者面对疾病相关问题未能保持积极的家庭信念。积极的家庭信念是对疾病的理性认知和正向解读,在面对疾病压力时起着缓冲作用[13]。本研究69.75%的患者为首发脑卒中,46.26%患者为中重度功能障碍,突发的疾病及受限的躯体使家庭背负着沉重的负担,加之家庭角色的缺失或减弱,使家庭结构发生改变,家庭在困境面前变得更加脆弱,从而形成了消极的家庭信念[4]。“家庭精神”维度条目得分最高(3.56±0.74),说明脑卒中患者家庭内蕴着互助精神。受中国传统的“家本位文化”思想影响,本研究中的“家庭精神”区别于西方文化中的宗教信仰,主要指家庭和睦、相互扶持的家庭观。
经单因素分析发现,居住在农村、文化程度相对较低、非在婚、无业、自费支付、家庭人均月收入低、独居的脑卒中患者家庭弹性得分较低,可能是由于其在资源获取与利用方面处于劣势,提示临床护理中对此类患者应予以重点关注。结构方程模型分析结果显示,家庭人均月收入可正向间接预测脑卒中患者家庭弹性,与国内外研究[214]一致,可能是由于收入高的家庭往往具有更丰富的社会资源和更高的寻求支持及问题解决的能力,因而能更有效地应对疾病给家庭带来的挑战,从而降低疾病压力[15]。此外,居住地可通过家庭功能间接影响家庭弹性,居住在农村的脑卒中患者对医疗资源的可及性较低,无法及时得到专业指导,不利于家庭应对疾病问题。因此,护士应重点关注家庭经济收入较低、居住在农村的脑卒中患者及其家庭,相关部门应加快基本医保跨省异地就医直接结算的统筹管理,缓解此类患者的经济困境。
本研究疾病相关因素纳入了是否首发脑卒中、功能障碍程度和病程阶段3个变量,研究发现,与复发脑卒中患者相比,首发脑卒中患者家庭弹性较低,与相关研究[9]一致。可能与首发脑卒中患者家庭缺乏疾病应对经验,感受到未知的疾病压力,短时间内无法适应家庭结构改变有关。本研究显示,脑卒中患者功能障碍程度可分别通过压力知觉和家庭功能负向间接影响家庭弹性,与相关研究[14]一致。脑卒中后患者因认知功能下降,身体活动受限,造成患者及照顾者的家庭角色紊乱、社会角色失能,伴随着压力感、消极情绪的产生,家庭对未来的不确定性增加[15],因而应对脑卒中相关问题的能力也会受到影响。临床实践中可考虑建立医院-社区联动的脑卒中远程康复模式,提高出院后脑卒中患者专业康复锻炼的可及性,从而增强家庭的疾病应对力。本研究发现,虽然不同病程阶段的脑卒中患者家庭弹性的差异无统计学意义,但仍显示出从急性期、恢复期、后遗症期逐步上升趋势,可能与本研究纳入的脑卒中患者病情较重,46.26%的患者处于中(重)度失能有关;也可能与本研究中恢复期、后遗症期的患者数量相对较少(占29.90%)有关,有待今后扩大各病程阶段样本量做进一步研究。
本研究中脑卒中患者的家庭功能得分(4.74±2.45),处于中低水平,与相关研究[16]一致。结果显示,家庭功能对脑卒中患者家庭弹性具有正向预测作用,与相关研究一致[14]。家庭功能与家庭弹性间存在着共通的内容,如家庭成员间的情感纽带和沟通技巧。在家庭功能较高的脑卒中患者家庭中,成员间能有效沟通,合理分配并履行各自的家庭角色,共同面对并适应脑卒中后新的家庭规则[6],从而提高家庭弹性。Ahlberg等[17]对重症监护室患者家属开展干预研究发现,在经历重大疾病后家庭健康对话有助于维持良好的家庭功能,由此可以帮助家庭利用现有或潜在资源寻求解决方案,从而实现积极适应。因此,临床实践中可通过开展以患者和家庭为中心的护理模式,发挥家庭成员在应对疾病过程中的价值,凝聚家庭力量,增强家庭功能,从而提升家庭困境应对力。
本研究中脑卒中患者压力知觉得分(26.49±12.68),与Guo等[18]研究一致。经路径分析发现,压力知觉不直接作用于家庭弹性,而是通过家庭功能对家庭弹性有负向间接效应。脑卒中作为一个压力源,需要家庭调动人力、财力等资源进行应对,当压力超出家庭的应对能力时会使个体的失控感、紧张感趋向显著,而怠于家庭事务,忽视家庭成员的需求与情绪,家庭亲密度、合作度等随之下降,导致家庭应对失衡。Kuang等[13]发现,患者及家庭成员受疾病影响会经历生理、心理、家庭和社会等负性压力源,压力的累积会影响整个家庭对困境的认知和信念,并在家庭成员间相互影响,从而削弱家庭弹性。此外,积极或消极情绪在家庭内部会相互传递和影响,同样个体的压力知觉也会在家庭成员间相互影响,而其中消极情绪会削弱家庭应对的内生动力[19],使家庭无法根据困境变化而发挥适应功能,造成家庭弹性降低。这提示在对脑卒中患者实施家庭干预时,应注意家庭成员间的消极情绪互动,将家庭视作一个整体,通过开展患者与照顾者的二元干预等方式,重建家庭的积极认知。
综上所述,脑卒中患者家庭弹性处于中等水平,家庭弹性主要受家庭功能的影响,而家庭功能又受居住地、家庭人均月收入、功能障碍程度、是否为首发脑卒中、压力知觉的影响。临床实践中应重点关注经济水平较低、首发脑卒中、功能障碍程度较重的脑卒中患者,将家庭看作一个功能单位,采取多种家庭干预措施,提升家庭功能,减轻压力知觉,挖掘可利用资源缓解疾病危机。本研究仅对脑卒中患者家庭弹性进行了横断面调查,未来可扩大样本量,纵向跟踪脑卒中患者疾病的不同发展阶段,差异化地分析不同阶段家庭弹性的影响因素。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406354
  • 接收时间:2024-06-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-22
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    1.杭州师范大学,浙江 杭州 311121
    2.山东省临沂卫生学校

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属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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