Article(id=1240977217975538034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412498, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735228800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801625006, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801625006, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801625006, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801625006, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1860, endPage=1866, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977218302693752, articleId=1240977217975538034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of social activities on quality of life among older adults: the chain mediation effect of depression and life satisfaction, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating pathway mechanisms of depression and life satisfaction in the effects of social activities on quality of life in older adults and to inform the enhancement of quality of life in older adults and the achievement of healthy aging.

Methods

A stratified whole group sampling method was used to select 893 older adults aged 60 years and above in Kunming and Xuanwei, Yunnan Province. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted, which included general demographic characteristics, frequency of social activities, life satisfaction, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and EuroQoL Five Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Univariate and Spearman correlation analyses were performed using SPSS, and Tobit regression (stata) and Structural Equation Model (AMOS) were used to analyze the effects of social activities, depression, and life satisfaction on quality of life as well as to test for the chain mediation effect.

Results

The health utility values of quality of life in the elderly ranged from -0.208 to 1.000, and Spearman correlation analysis showed that the quality of life in the elderly was positively correlated with social activities and life satisfaction (rs=0.07, 0.32, P<0.05); the quality of life was negatively correlated with the condition of depression (rs=-0.53, P<0.05); the chain mediation effect analysis showed that depression produced independent mediation effect between social activities and the quality of life of the elderly, with an effect coefficient of 0.029 (95%CI: 0.013-0.050); and depression and life satisfaction had a chain mediation effect between social activities and quality of life with an effect coefficient of 0.003 (95%CI: 0.001-0.006).

Conclusion

Active participation in social activities in older adults can reduce their depressive symptoms, thereby increasing their life satisfaction and consequently improving their quality of life.

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目的

探索抑郁和生活满意度在老年人社交活动对生命质量影响的中介路径机制,为提升老年人生命质量,实现健康老龄化提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取云南省昆明市和宣威市893名60岁及以上的老年人。开展面对面问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般人口学特征、社交活动频率、生活满意度、抑郁症状筛查量表(PHQ-9)、欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-5L)。采用SPSS进行单因素分析和Spearman相关分析,采用Tobit回归(stata)和结构方程模型(AMOS)分析社交活动、抑郁、生活满意度对生命质量的影响以及检验其中的链式中介效应。

结果

老年人生命质量健康效用值为-0.208~1.000,Spearman相关分析显示老年人生命质量与社交活动、生活满意度呈正相关(rs=0.07、0.32,P<0.05);生命质量与抑郁情况呈负相关(rs=-0.53,P<0.05);链式中介效应分析显示抑郁在老年人社交活动与生命质量之间产生独立中介作用,效应系数为0.029(95%CI: 0.013~0.050);抑郁和生活满意度在社交活动和生命质量之间产生链式中介效应,效应系数为0.003(95%CI: 0.001~0.006)。

结论

老年人积极参加社交活动能降低其抑郁症状,从而提高生活满意度,进而提升其生命质量。

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何利平,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Sgz8kU09U1hoypOLeF4VSg==, magXml=dRnMC+RW+3witr61nP3Q+A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SwT93JrSv+7MwuVxUkw0hA==, pdfFileSize=745588, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=eJD2CMCozlEfLYUf2vcqTg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=fZBdAWjOiFJbEc8eP3u8Jg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵红瑞(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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赵红瑞(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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赵红瑞(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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BMC Public Health, 2023, 23(1):1406., articleTitle=Association between home and community-based services and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: a multilevel analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240996924527014020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, awardId=202401AY070001-361, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科技厅昆明医科大学联合专项(202401AY070001-361), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996912707465803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996912720048718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, companyId=1240996912707465803, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996912728437327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, companyId=1240996912707465803, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996912829100635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996912833294940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, companyId=1240996912829100635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.曲靖医学专科学校)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996912925569636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996912933958245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, companyId=1240996912925569636, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.云南省第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996913030427244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996913038815854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, companyId=1240996913030427244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.昆明医科大学护理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996913147867769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996913160450682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, companyId=1240996913147867769, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.昆明市官渡区金马街道社区卫生服务中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996913282085510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996913294668424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, companyId=1240996913282085510, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.昆明市五华区华山街道社区卫生服务中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996921746190389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Diagram of the chain mediating effect model, figureFileSmall=/TAnLSC32aiWxmzLlphkGw==, figureFileBig=h8jBsdqkz5Vo0NmBR1HkFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921851047996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=CN, label=图1, caption=链式中介效应模型图, figureFileSmall=/TAnLSC32aiWxmzLlphkGw==, figureFileBig=h8jBsdqkz5Vo0NmBR1HkFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996921955905602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Multiple mediator model plot of social activity affecting quality of life through depression, life satisfaction, figureFileSmall=k8/7hHX1bEURl+JeXlJgJw==, figureFileBig=3bnD+GkG37wGKhwvx0rgHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996922056568905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=CN, label=图2, caption=社交活动通过抑郁、生活满意度影响生命质量的多重中介模型图

注:图中Y1~Y9表示PHQ-9量表的9个条目,Q1~Q5表示EQ-5D-5L量表的5个条目,e1~e17表示残差项。

, figureFileSmall=k8/7hHX1bEURl+JeXlJgJw==, figureFileBig=3bnD+GkG37wGKhwvx0rgHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996922119483472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of quality of life in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数(%)生命质量[M (P25, P75)]Z/HP
性别-6.563<0.001a
350(39.19)0.94(0.87,1.00)
543(60.81)0.89(0.75,0.95)
年龄(岁)1.5960.810
60~64181(20.34)0.94(0.78,1.00)
65~69239(26.85)0.94(0.82,0.95)
70~74238(26.74)0.90(0.79,1.00)
75~79121(13.60)0.94(0.83,0.95)
≥80111(12.47)0.89(0.73,1.00)
婚姻状况-3.960<0.001a
已婚626(70.34)0.94(0.82,1.00)
离异、丧偶264(29.66)0.89(0.74,0.95)
文化程度55.223<0.001a
文盲及半文盲244(27.57)0.88(0.68,0.94)
小学254(28.70)0.94(0.81,1.00)
初中258(29.15)0.94(0.82,1.00)
高中及以上129(14.58)0.95(0.89,1.00)
居住情况-1.5630.118
独居154(17.25)0.89(0.74,1.00)
非独居739(82.75)0.94(0.81,1.00)
变量频数(%)生命质量[M (P25, P75)]Z/HP
BMI12.2290.007a
体重过轻51(5.80)0.83(0.65,0.94)
体重正常463(52.61)0.94(0.81,1.00)
超重297(33.75)0.94(0.80,1.00)
肥胖69(7.84)0.89(0.79,1.00)
社交活动11.3270.010a
不社交185(20.72)0.89(0.74,1.00)
偶尔136(15.23)0.89(0.73,0.94)
差不多每周161(18.03)0.94(0.83,1.00)
差不多每天411(46.02)0.94(0.82,1.00)
抑郁-13.413<0.001a
无抑郁685(76.71)0.94(0.88,1.00)
抑郁208(23.29)0.76(0.56,0.89)
生活满意度95.396<0.001a
不满意95(10.64)0.78(0.53,0.94)
比较满意335(37.51)0.89(0.75,0.95)
非常满意463(51.85)0.94(0.88,1.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240996922236923990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年人生命质量单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数(%)生命质量[M (P25, P75)]Z/HP
性别-6.563<0.001a
350(39.19)0.94(0.87,1.00)
543(60.81)0.89(0.75,0.95)
年龄(岁)1.5960.810
60~64181(20.34)0.94(0.78,1.00)
65~69239(26.85)0.94(0.82,0.95)
70~74238(26.74)0.90(0.79,1.00)
75~79121(13.60)0.94(0.83,0.95)
≥80111(12.47)0.89(0.73,1.00)
婚姻状况-3.960<0.001a
已婚626(70.34)0.94(0.82,1.00)
离异、丧偶264(29.66)0.89(0.74,0.95)
文化程度55.223<0.001a
文盲及半文盲244(27.57)0.88(0.68,0.94)
小学254(28.70)0.94(0.81,1.00)
初中258(29.15)0.94(0.82,1.00)
高中及以上129(14.58)0.95(0.89,1.00)
居住情况-1.5630.118
独居154(17.25)0.89(0.74,1.00)
非独居739(82.75)0.94(0.81,1.00)
变量频数(%)生命质量[M (P25, P75)]Z/HP
BMI12.2290.007a
体重过轻51(5.80)0.83(0.65,0.94)
体重正常463(52.61)0.94(0.81,1.00)
超重297(33.75)0.94(0.80,1.00)
肥胖69(7.84)0.89(0.79,1.00)
社交活动11.3270.010a
不社交185(20.72)0.89(0.74,1.00)
偶尔136(15.23)0.89(0.73,0.94)
差不多每周161(18.03)0.94(0.83,1.00)
差不多每天411(46.02)0.94(0.82,1.00)
抑郁-13.413<0.001a
无抑郁685(76.71)0.94(0.88,1.00)
抑郁208(23.29)0.76(0.56,0.89)
生活满意度95.396<0.001a
不满意95(10.64)0.78(0.53,0.94)
比较满意335(37.51)0.89(0.75,0.95)
非常满意463(51.85)0.94(0.88,1.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240996922329198682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=EN, label=Tabel 2, caption=

Correlation matrix of social activity, depression, life satisfaction and quality of life in older adults (rs)

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变量社交活动抑郁生活满意度生命质量
社交活动1.00
抑郁-0.07a1.00
生活满意度0.06-0.38a1.00
生命质量0.07a-0.53a0.32a1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240996922438250593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年人社交活动、抑郁、生活满意度与生命质量的相关矩阵(rs)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量社交活动抑郁生活满意度生命质量
社交活动1.00
抑郁-0.07a1.00
生活满意度0.06-0.38a1.00
生命质量0.07a-0.53a0.32a1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240996922564079720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple mediation effect test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应估计值(95%CI)百分比(%)
总效应社交活动→生命质量0.041(0.017~0.072)100.000
直接效应社交活动→生命质量0.008(-0.008~0.026)19.512
间接效应社交活动→抑郁→生命质量0.029(0.013~0.050)70.732
社交活动→生活满意度→生命质量0.001(-0.002~0.004)2.439
社交活动→抑郁→生活满意度→生命质量0.003(0.001~0.006)7.317
), ArticleFig(id=1240996924057251949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

多重中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应估计值(95%CI)百分比(%)
总效应社交活动→生命质量0.041(0.017~0.072)100.000
直接效应社交活动→生命质量0.008(-0.008~0.026)19.512
间接效应社交活动→抑郁→生命质量0.029(0.013~0.050)70.732
社交活动→生活满意度→生命质量0.001(-0.002~0.004)2.439
社交活动→抑郁→生活满意度→生命质量0.003(0.001~0.006)7.317
), ArticleFig(id=1240996924157915250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of Tobit regression analysis of quality of life utility value in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β(95%CI)SEZP
抑郁程度(参照:无抑郁)
抑郁-0.188(-0.224~-0.153)0.018-10.42<0.001a
生活满意度(参照:不满意)
比较满意0.099(0.050~0.148)0.0253.96<0.001a
非常满意0.174(0.125~0.224)0.0256.90<0.001a
常数项0.971(0.856~1.086)0.05816.59<0.001a
), ArticleFig(id=1240996924271161464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217975538034, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

老年人生命质量效用值Tobit回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β(95%CI)SEZP
抑郁程度(参照:无抑郁)
抑郁-0.188(-0.224~-0.153)0.018-10.42<0.001a
生活满意度(参照:不满意)
比较满意0.099(0.050~0.148)0.0253.96<0.001a
非常满意0.174(0.125~0.224)0.0256.90<0.001a
常数项0.971(0.856~1.086)0.05816.59<0.001a
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老年人社交活动对生命质量的影响:抑郁和生活满意度的链式中介效应
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赵红瑞 1 , 向雪琳 1 , 王中杰 1 , 夏宇 1 , 马敏 2 , 王化丹 3 , 何明仙 1 , 白凯 1 , 陈蜀 4 , 杨丹 5 , 赵安珠 6 , 何利平 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(10): 1860-1866
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(10): 1860-1866
老年人社交活动对生命质量的影响:抑郁和生活满意度的链式中介效应
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赵红瑞1, 向雪琳1, 王中杰1, 夏宇1, 马敏2, 王化丹3, 何明仙1, 白凯1, 陈蜀4, 杨丹5, 赵安珠6, 何利平1
作者信息
  • 1.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650000
  • 2.曲靖医学专科学校
  • 3.云南省第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科
  • 4.昆明医科大学护理学院
  • 5.昆明市官渡区金马街道社区卫生服务中心
  • 6.昆明市五华区华山街道社区卫生服务中心
  • 赵红瑞(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

何利平,E-mail:
Impact of social activities on quality of life among older adults: the chain mediation effect of depression and life satisfaction
Hong-rui ZHAO1, Xue-lin XIANG1, Zhong-jie WANG1, Yu XIA1, Min MA2, Hua-dan WANG3, Ming-xian HE1, Kai BAI1, Shu CHEN4, Dan YANG5, An-zhu ZHAO6, Li-ping HE1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412498
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目的

探索抑郁和生活满意度在老年人社交活动对生命质量影响的中介路径机制,为提升老年人生命质量,实现健康老龄化提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取云南省昆明市和宣威市893名60岁及以上的老年人。开展面对面问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般人口学特征、社交活动频率、生活满意度、抑郁症状筛查量表(PHQ-9)、欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-5L)。采用SPSS进行单因素分析和Spearman相关分析,采用Tobit回归(stata)和结构方程模型(AMOS)分析社交活动、抑郁、生活满意度对生命质量的影响以及检验其中的链式中介效应。

结果

老年人生命质量健康效用值为-0.208~1.000,Spearman相关分析显示老年人生命质量与社交活动、生活满意度呈正相关(rs=0.07、0.32,P<0.05);生命质量与抑郁情况呈负相关(rs=-0.53,P<0.05);链式中介效应分析显示抑郁在老年人社交活动与生命质量之间产生独立中介作用,效应系数为0.029(95%CI: 0.013~0.050);抑郁和生活满意度在社交活动和生命质量之间产生链式中介效应,效应系数为0.003(95%CI: 0.001~0.006)。

结论

老年人积极参加社交活动能降低其抑郁症状,从而提高生活满意度,进而提升其生命质量。

老年人  /  生命质量  /  社交活动  /  抑郁  /  生活满意度
Objective

To explore the mediating pathway mechanisms of depression and life satisfaction in the effects of social activities on quality of life in older adults and to inform the enhancement of quality of life in older adults and the achievement of healthy aging.

Methods

A stratified whole group sampling method was used to select 893 older adults aged 60 years and above in Kunming and Xuanwei, Yunnan Province. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted, which included general demographic characteristics, frequency of social activities, life satisfaction, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and EuroQoL Five Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Univariate and Spearman correlation analyses were performed using SPSS, and Tobit regression (stata) and Structural Equation Model (AMOS) were used to analyze the effects of social activities, depression, and life satisfaction on quality of life as well as to test for the chain mediation effect.

Results

The health utility values of quality of life in the elderly ranged from -0.208 to 1.000, and Spearman correlation analysis showed that the quality of life in the elderly was positively correlated with social activities and life satisfaction (rs=0.07, 0.32, P<0.05); the quality of life was negatively correlated with the condition of depression (rs=-0.53, P<0.05); the chain mediation effect analysis showed that depression produced independent mediation effect between social activities and the quality of life of the elderly, with an effect coefficient of 0.029 (95%CI: 0.013-0.050); and depression and life satisfaction had a chain mediation effect between social activities and quality of life with an effect coefficient of 0.003 (95%CI: 0.001-0.006).

Conclusion

Active participation in social activities in older adults can reduce their depressive symptoms, thereby increasing their life satisfaction and consequently improving their quality of life.

Older adults  /  Quality of life  /  Social activities  /  Depression  /  Life satisfaction
赵红瑞, 向雪琳, 王中杰, 夏宇, 马敏, 王化丹, 何明仙, 白凯, 陈蜀, 杨丹, 赵安珠, 何利平. 老年人社交活动对生命质量的影响:抑郁和生活满意度的链式中介效应. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1860 -1866 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412498
Hong-rui ZHAO, Xue-lin XIANG, Zhong-jie WANG, Yu XIA, Min MA, Hua-dan WANG, Ming-xian HE, Kai BAI, Shu CHEN, Dan YANG, An-zhu ZHAO, Li-ping HE. Impact of social activities on quality of life among older adults: the chain mediation effect of depression and life satisfaction[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1860 -1866 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412498
人口老龄化是全球人口发展的普遍趋势,目前我国老年人的数量和增长速度居全球第一,老龄化问题日益突出[1]。随着老年群体的不断增多,老年人的健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life, HRQoL)问题也备受关注。生命质量本质是一个动态的、层次分明且复杂的概念,涵盖了躯体健康、心理健康和社会适应状态等方面,能够全面的反映老年人的整体健康水平[2-3]。国内外对于生命质量的研究主要集中在不同群体的健康状况以及其影响因素方面[4-5]。自疫情后,针对云南省居民生命质量影响因素的研究主要聚焦在特定疾病老年患者等领域[6-7],对于常住老年居民的生命质量研究较少。因此本研究把云南省60岁及以上老年人生命质量影响因素研究作为研究目的之一,旨在对相关政策的制定及时提供参考和依据。
已有研究表明社交活动、抑郁、生活满意度是生命质量的影响因素[8-9]。积极参与社交活动有助于老年人建立乐观的生活态度和积极的心理状态,体现其社会价值,提升主观幸福感,进而提升生命质量[10]。抑郁症状与多种生理机制相关,包括神经递质系统紊乱、炎症、脑血管损伤和灰质萎缩等。这些生理变化与个体的认知过程及社会环境因素相互作用,共同影响老年人的躯体健康和生命质量[11]。生活满意度与生命质量的关系得到证实,生活满意度低与心血管疾病等多种慢性疾病的发生发展和死亡风险增加有关[9]。社交活动与抑郁和生活满意度之间也存在紧密联系,随着老年人参与的社交活动形式、项目的多样化,以及社交活动频率的增加,由衰老和退休等因素引发的抑郁状况能得到明显缓解[12-13]。同时有研究表明积极参与社交活动,能提高老年人的生活满意度和主观幸福感[14]。而抑郁和生活满意度的关系也得到证实,即低抑郁或无抑郁的老年人通常具有较高的生活满意度[15]
综上,目前对于社交活动、抑郁、生活满意度和生命质量的研究还停留在影响因素方面,对于这些因素之间的路径机制研究存在不足。因此提出假设:“抑郁—生活满意度”可能在老年人社交活动对生命质量的影响之间发挥链式中介作用,见图1。本研究旨在探索老年人社交活动对生命质量影响过程中的中介路径机制,寻找影响老年人生命质量的因素,为提升老年人生命质量,促进健康老龄化提供理论支持。
本研究的研究对象为60岁及以上的老年人,采用分层整群抽样的方法,按照地区经济发展情况分层,于2024年4—5月调查云南省昆明市、宣威市5个社区卫生服务中心的老年人。纳入标准:年龄≥60岁的老年人;自愿参与调查、签署知情同意书者;配合询问、能理解并完成调查问卷者。本研究已获得昆明医科大学伦理道德委员会批准(KMMU2023MEC112)。
本研究采用抑郁症状筛查量表(Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)、欧洲五维健康量表(EuroQoL Five Dimension Questionnaire, EQ-5D-5L)两个量表来测量抑郁状况和生命质量。此外,还收集了受访者的人口统计学信息,包括年龄、性别、体重指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、婚姻状况、文化程度、居住情况、社交活动频率、生活满意度。其中生活满意度包含三个选项“不满意”、“比较满意”、“非常满意”。
社交活动[16]包括串门、跟朋友交往;打麻将、下棋、打牌、去社区活动室;向与不住在一起的亲人、朋友或者邻居提供帮助;跳舞、健身、练气功等;志愿者活动或者慈善活动;上学或者参加培训课程;炒股;上网等。社交活动频率包括四个选项“不社交”、“偶尔社交”、“差不多每周社交”、“差不多每天社交”。
抑郁症状筛查量表(PHQ-9)评估老年人抑郁状况,量表包括9个条目,四个选项“完全不会”、“好几天”、“超过一周”、“几乎每天”,依次记作0分、1分、2分、3分,总分为0~27分,得分越高表示抑郁水平越高。>5分为存在抑郁状况。该量表在本研究中的内部信度较好,Cronbach α系数为0.842。
欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-5L)分5个维度评估生命质量,每个维度取5个水平,通过中国人群健康状况的EQ-5D-5L的效用值积分体系计算得出健康效用值,健康效用值越高,表示生命质量水平越高。该量表在本研究中的Cronbach α系数为0.797。
本研究利用SPSS 26.0整理数据、进行描述性分析,采用秩和检验做单因素分析,采用Spearman相关分析探讨社交活动、生活满意度、抑郁和生命质量之间的相关性;利用Stata 17.0对生命质量健康效用值进行Tobit回归分析;利用AMOS 24.0进行链式中介效应分析,为了估计中介效应,提取了5 000个Bootstrap样本。回归系数的显著性用95%置信区间进行检验,如果对应的95%置信区间不包含零,则表明中介效应显著。采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本次研究共有893名中国老年人参与,年龄在60~100岁之间。其中年龄60~64岁、65~69岁、70~74岁、75~79岁、≥80岁的占比分别为20.34%、26.85%、26.74%、13.60%、12.47%。男性350人(39.2%),女性543人(60.8%);57.9%的老年人的文化程度是小学及初中;82.8%的老年人与家人居住在一起,17.2%的老年人独居;体重正常的老年人占比52.61%,体重过轻、超重、肥胖的老年人分别占比5.80%、33.75%、7.84%;老年人生命质量健康效用值的范围为-0.208~1.000。
单因素分析显示,男性老年人的生命质量高于女性老年人(P<0.05)。已婚老年人的生命质量高于离异、丧偶的老年人(P<0.05)。文化程度高中及以上的老年人生命质量高于小学和初中老年人,而小学和初中的老年人生命质量高于文盲及半文盲的老年人(P<0.05)。体重过轻的老年人与体重正常、超重、肥胖的老年人生命质量差异分别有统计学意义,体重过轻的老年人生命质量最低(P<0.05),而体重正常、超重、肥胖的老年人生命质量差异无统计学意义。差不多每天、每周社交的老年人生命质量高于偶尔社交的老年人(P<0.05),其余社交活动分组差异无统计学意义。有抑郁状况的老年人生命质量低于无抑郁状况的老年人(P<0.05)。对生活非常满意的老年人生命质量最高,对生活比较满意的老年人生命质量次之,对生活不满意的老年人生命质量最低(P<0.05),见表1
Spearman相关分析显示社交活动、生活满意度与生命质量呈低度正相关(P<0.05);社交活动、生活满意度与抑郁呈低度负相关(P<0.05);抑郁状况与生命质量呈中度负相关(P<0.05),见表2
将老年人社交活动作为自变量,生命质量作为因变量,抑郁和生活满意度作为中介变量,构建链式中介模型,参数估计采用极大似然法。模型拟合较好,其中χ2/df=5.099、RMSEA=0.068(<0.08);SRMR=0.058(<0.08)。GFI=0.937、AGFI=0.909、CFI=0.939、IFI=0.939,均大于0.900。由图可知老年人社交活动能负向预测抑郁状况(β=-0.06,P<0.05),抑郁能负向预测生活满意度和生命质量(β=-0.58、-0.50,P<0.05),生活满意度正向预测生命质量(β=0.09,P<0.05),见图2
采用Bootstrap法,重复抽样5000个样本,检验中介效应和估计置信区间,间接路径系数95%CI不包含零,证明中介效应显著。社交活动影响生命质量的总效应显著(β=0.041,95%CI:0.017~0.072);抑郁在社交活动和生命质量之间的中介效应显著,效应系数为0.029(95%CI: 0.013~0.050),中介效应占比为70.732%;抑郁和生活满意度在社交活动影响生命质量之间的链式中介效应显著,效应系数为0.003(95%CI: 0.001~0.006),链式中介效应占比为7.317%;社交活动对生命质量的直接效应不显著(效应值95% CI包含零),故抑郁和生活满意度在社交活动影响生命质量的过程中起完全中介作用,见表3
为了进一步探索抑郁和生活满意度对生命质量的作用,在控制性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、BMI等变量的情况下,以抑郁、生活满意度为自变量,生命质量效用值为因变量,做Tobit回归。由表可知,抑郁状况与生命质量效用值呈负相关,有抑郁状况的老年人生命质量健康效用值平均比无抑郁状况老年人低0.188分;生活满意度与生命质量效用值呈正相关,对生活比较满意、非常满意的老年人的生命质量效用值平均比对生活不满意的老年人高0.099、0.174分,见表4
本研究结果证实了老年人参加社交活动能正向影响生命质量,这一结论与国内外同类研究所得出的结论相吻合[17-18]。即老年人参加社交活动频率的增加,其生命质量也随之提高。参加社交活动会对老年人的身心健康产生积极影响,可以满足老年人精神、心理和身体等多个方面的需求[19-20]。大量研究指出,参与社交活动给老年人带来包括降低死亡风险和残疾[21],改善高血压[22]、提高自评健康以及促进健康相关行为等健康益处[23]。同时,Bourassa等[24]的研究认为积极参与社交活动能使老年人接触更多的动态环境,从而通过刺激神经元原来维持认知能力。因此社交活动在促进老年人生命质量方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。
抑郁在老年人社交活动与生命质量之间发挥独立中介作用,中介效应占总效应的70.732%。且在控制性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、BMI等变量的情况下,抑郁仍然对生命质量造成负向影响。即老年人社交活动水平越高,越能阻止抑郁状况的发生,进而提升生命质量。这一现象可能与中国老年群体受集体主义文化的影响有关,老年人通常习惯集体生活,重视与他人的联系[25]。在退休后,社交活动成为他们实现自我价值和满足感的重要途径。通过参与社交活动,老年人不仅能扩大活动范围,增加感知社会支持,还能有效缓解抑郁情绪[26]。从而避免随抑郁出现的认知改变、情绪低落、思维迟缓、乏力、食欲减退等症状,进而提高生命质量[27]。此外,参加社交活动对改善抑郁症状具有生物学效应,它能够维持体内氨基酸、能量和脂质代谢的正常运作,从而防止抑郁的发生[28]
需要指出的是,尽管生活满意度在社交活动与生命质量之间并未起到独立的中介作用,但当生活满意度与抑郁一同作为链式中介进行分析时,链式中介效应显著,中介效应占总效应的7.317%。这表明,社交活动可能并不直接通过提高生活满意度来影响生命质量,但它通过减轻抑郁症状,间接提高生活满意度,从而提升生命质量。Lv[29]和Sexton[30]的研究也表明,抑郁患者通常生活满意度较低。生活满意度所反映的主观健康状态是老年人生命质量的一个重要方面[9],对生活的满意度升高,生命质量也随之升高。因此,在提高老年人生命质量的干预措施中,社交活动、抑郁和生活满意度三个因素都是值得关注的关键点。
综上,本研究提示为了促进老年人生命质量的提升,应鼓励老年人多参与社会互动,保持与家人、朋友的联系,积极参加社区层面的多样化活动,例如志愿服务和体育健身等项目[31]。这不仅有助于打破老年人生活的单一模式,还能加强他们与外界的交流,提升生活质量[32]。此外,可以探索建立老年人专属的线上社交平台,帮助他们拓宽视野、丰富信息来源,进而改善心理健康和减少抑郁情绪[33]。对于文化程度较低、离异或丧偶、体重较轻的女性老年人,可提供更有针对性的家庭与社区服务。具体而言,提供包括家庭医疗、健康体检等卫生保健服务,娱乐活动、紧急呼叫等社会支持服务,送餐和家政等日常护理服务[34]。这些个性化服务有助于降低抑郁症风险,提高老年人的生活满意度,从而进一步提升他们的生命质量。
  • 云南省科技厅昆明医科大学联合专项(202401AY070001-361)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412498
  • 接收时间:2024-12-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27
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云南省科技厅昆明医科大学联合专项(202401AY070001-361)
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    1.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650000
    2.曲靖医学专科学校
    3.云南省第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    4.昆明医科大学护理学院
    5.昆明市官渡区金马街道社区卫生服务中心
    6.昆明市五华区华山街道社区卫生服务中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
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Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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