Article(id=1240977217862291824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406363, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719158400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801624980, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801624980, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801624980, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801624980, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1824, endPage=1830, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977218210419061, articleId=1240977217862291824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on workload estimation of primary public health services in township health center based on equivalent method, Guangxi, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To measure the workload of primary public health services in rural township health centers, providing empirical evidence for the healthy development of the rural medical and health system.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 50 township health centers in Guangxi. Data related to primary public health services and primary medical services were collected, and the workload of primary public health services was analyzed using the equivalent method.

Results

The Pearson correlation coefficient between the total equivalent value of primary public health services and the number of permanent residents served was r=0.782, P<0.05; the coefficient of variation for the total equivalent value of different types of primary public health services was F=51.061, P<0.05; the coefficient of variation for the unit equivalent value of resident health records established in different regions was F=2.836, P<0.05, and for the unit equivalent value of health and family planning supervision and coordination services in different regions was F=6.346, P<0.05.

Conclusion

The total value of primary public health services is strongly positively correlated with the number of permanent residents served. There is a significant difference in the total workload of different types of primary public health services. There are differences in the work efficiency of units providing resident health record establishment and health and family planning supervision and coordination services in different regions.

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目的

测算乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务工作量,为促进乡村医疗卫生体系健康发展提供实证依据。

方法

按多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在广西抽取50家乡镇卫生院,收集基本公共卫生服务和基本医疗服务相关数据,采用当量法测算分析基本公共卫生服务工作量。

结果

基本公共卫生服务总当量值与服务常住人口数的Pearson相关系数为r=0.782,P<0.05;不同种类基本公共卫生服务总当量值的方差系数为F=51.061,P<0.05;不同地区建立居民健康档案单位当量值的方差系数为F=2.836,P<0.05,不同地区卫生计生监督协管单位当量值的方差系数为F=6.346,P<0.05。

结论

基本公共卫生服务总工作量与服务常住人口数呈强正相关;不同种类基本公共卫生服务的总工作量差异显著;不同地区开展建立居民健康档案和卫生计生监督协管服务的单位工作效率存在差异。

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黄照权,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Fo+FSRHW1bfz87ZoeyjOpQ==, magXml=mxz8akAlslJ2F5a0+pEPWQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TvSx7ZKN7Q7cC6fbOHnEjw==, pdfFileSize=681352, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=fM77OeAiKov5/d+CjBfUvg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王舒云(1992—),女,博士在读,研究方向:社会医学与公共卫生管理

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王舒云(1992—),女,博士在读,研究方向:社会医学与公共卫生管理

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王舒云(1992—),女,博士在读,研究方向:社会医学与公共卫生管理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of women’s health care service workloadof community health service cnters in Tianjin Binhai New Area Tanggu, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240996916864021321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, awardId=YCBZ2023104, language=CN, fundingSource=广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBZ2023104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240996917002433362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, awardId=2020GXNSFBA297117, language=CN, fundingSource=广西自然科学基金资助(2020GXNSFBA297117), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240996917119873882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=广西特色新型智库联盟重点课题研究成果, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996908211171670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908219560278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, companyId=1240996908211171670, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Health and Policy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908232143191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, companyId=1240996908211171670, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西医科大学卫生与健康政策研究中心,广西 南宁 530021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996908328612189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908337000800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, companyId=1240996908328612189, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西医科大学)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996908450247013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908458635623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, companyId=1240996908450247013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广西卫健委项目资金监管服务中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996908563493225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908571881835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, companyId=1240996908563493225, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广西卫生职业技术学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996908659962224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908664156531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, companyId=1240996908659962224, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996915861582582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Thenumber of permanent residents served by sample institutions and the total equivalent values of primary medical and primary public health services

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本机构服务常住人口数(人)基本医疗基本公共卫生服务
总当量值(个)构成比(%)总当量值(个)构成比(%)
机构147 19491 153.6747.9498 998.6552.06
机构28 366124 915.9454.46104 466.3245.54
机构35 2785 049.3318.5522 164.5881.45
机构49 128128 414.3575.0242 748.2424.98
机构512 600328 836.4682.3470 544.2417.66
机构619 289115 647.0043.99147 255.4956.01
机构721 396100 014.9341.52140 860.8258.48
机构8118 70817 424.003.78443 613.5696.22
机构938 42938 583.3321.58140 181.7978.42
机构1020 69446 553.5438.3574 830.5861.65
机构1115 208337 868.3485.2958 272.5914.71
机构1226 154208 917.4765.08112 121.0034.92
机构1331 99297 687.0145.20118 420.3954.80
机构1418 852210 505.4271.9182 213.7328.09
机构1518 332291 804.1677.3485 484.9422.66
机构1618 700115 456.6152.11106 117.1247.89
机构1721 20023 179.7616.04121 366.9383.96
机构1837 20081 282.5926.92220 624.6773.08
机构1947 654147 979.4050.32146 100.7949.68
机构2027 068165 401.4552.47149 812.3947.53
机构2119 206158 363.3461.15100 630.6338.85
机构2242 122367 321.2478.9497 979.9121.06
机构2373 8481 264 487.8288.12170 488.7511.88
机构2473 21339 632.0012.24284 124.9187.76
机构2542 328110 553.1442.22151 317.4757.78
机构2675 710213 358.4130.62483 451.0669.38
机构2787 0181 018 232.0056.11796 580.6043.89
机构2831 376319 162.3357.60234 895.4342.40
机构2963 258286 214.0022.28998 203.6477.72
机构3078 2181 239 349.3367.66592 492.0732.34
机构3135 842108 993.3429.03266 403.2270.97
机构3213 886433 371.5369.93186 338.6230.07
机构3348 7822 834 617.7992.37234 045.457.63
机构3438 076128 340.3424.90387 016.0875.10
机构35122 190895 782.6646.221 042 104.2153.78
机构3626 59038 666.6612.82262 849.1087.18
机构3714 17532 973.2633.0866 699.7666.92
机构3816 91850 017.0129.77117 971.2470.23
机构3931 337109 026.6629.05266 288.6870.95
机构4017 008173 694.3463.09101 601.8836.91
机构4120 81337 559.1625.77108 175.8974.23
机构4213 789142 234.6560.9591 129.8939.05
机构4317 55685 311.5447.1195 780.0152.89
机构4428 108185 928.3265.1899 334.7134.82
机构4517 364176 429.5362.28106 849.6437.72
机构4611 242527 055.1369.85227 510.3130.15
机构4713 81225 863.5337.7542 641.8162.25
机构4816 41641 867.8940.9860 297.1359.02
机构4910 55049 411.9343.2864 767.7756.72
机构5030 912424 434.5465.38224 768.4634.62
合计1 695 10514 194 928.1857.6010 448 937.1542.40
), ArticleFig(id=1240996915970634495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样本机构服务常住人口数和基本医疗与基本公共卫生服务总当量值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本机构服务常住人口数(人)基本医疗基本公共卫生服务
总当量值(个)构成比(%)总当量值(个)构成比(%)
机构147 19491 153.6747.9498 998.6552.06
机构28 366124 915.9454.46104 466.3245.54
机构35 2785 049.3318.5522 164.5881.45
机构49 128128 414.3575.0242 748.2424.98
机构512 600328 836.4682.3470 544.2417.66
机构619 289115 647.0043.99147 255.4956.01
机构721 396100 014.9341.52140 860.8258.48
机构8118 70817 424.003.78443 613.5696.22
机构938 42938 583.3321.58140 181.7978.42
机构1020 69446 553.5438.3574 830.5861.65
机构1115 208337 868.3485.2958 272.5914.71
机构1226 154208 917.4765.08112 121.0034.92
机构1331 99297 687.0145.20118 420.3954.80
机构1418 852210 505.4271.9182 213.7328.09
机构1518 332291 804.1677.3485 484.9422.66
机构1618 700115 456.6152.11106 117.1247.89
机构1721 20023 179.7616.04121 366.9383.96
机构1837 20081 282.5926.92220 624.6773.08
机构1947 654147 979.4050.32146 100.7949.68
机构2027 068165 401.4552.47149 812.3947.53
机构2119 206158 363.3461.15100 630.6338.85
机构2242 122367 321.2478.9497 979.9121.06
机构2373 8481 264 487.8288.12170 488.7511.88
机构2473 21339 632.0012.24284 124.9187.76
机构2542 328110 553.1442.22151 317.4757.78
机构2675 710213 358.4130.62483 451.0669.38
机构2787 0181 018 232.0056.11796 580.6043.89
机构2831 376319 162.3357.60234 895.4342.40
机构2963 258286 214.0022.28998 203.6477.72
机构3078 2181 239 349.3367.66592 492.0732.34
机构3135 842108 993.3429.03266 403.2270.97
机构3213 886433 371.5369.93186 338.6230.07
机构3348 7822 834 617.7992.37234 045.457.63
机构3438 076128 340.3424.90387 016.0875.10
机构35122 190895 782.6646.221 042 104.2153.78
机构3626 59038 666.6612.82262 849.1087.18
机构3714 17532 973.2633.0866 699.7666.92
机构3816 91850 017.0129.77117 971.2470.23
机构3931 337109 026.6629.05266 288.6870.95
机构4017 008173 694.3463.09101 601.8836.91
机构4120 81337 559.1625.77108 175.8974.23
机构4213 789142 234.6560.9591 129.8939.05
机构4317 55685 311.5447.1195 780.0152.89
机构4428 108185 928.3265.1899 334.7134.82
机构4517 364176 429.5362.28106 849.6437.72
机构4611 242527 055.1369.85227 510.3130.15
机构4713 81225 863.5337.7542 641.8162.25
机构4816 41641 867.8940.9860 297.1359.02
机构4910 55049 411.9343.2864 767.7756.72
机构5030 912424 434.5465.38224 768.4634.62
合计1 695 10514 194 928.1857.6010 448 937.1542.40
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916125823753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Proportion of total equivalent values of primary public health services(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
服务种类广西
建立居民健康档案27.41
健康教育25.28
预防接种6.08
儿童健康管理2.79
孕产妇健康管理1.32
老年人健康管理26.04
慢性病患者健康管理(高血压)5.84
慢性病患者健康管理(2型糖尿病)1.48
严重精神障碍患者管理0.33
肺结核患者健康管理0.10
中医药健康管理2.93
传染病及突发公共卫生事件报告和处理0.10
卫生计生监督协管0.30
合计100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916218098450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基本公共卫生服务总当量值占比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
服务种类广西
建立居民健康档案27.41
健康教育25.28
预防接种6.08
儿童健康管理2.79
孕产妇健康管理1.32
老年人健康管理26.04
慢性病患者健康管理(高血压)5.84
慢性病患者健康管理(2型糖尿病)1.48
严重精神障碍患者管理0.33
肺结核患者健康管理0.10
中医药健康管理2.93
传染病及突发公共卫生事件报告和处理0.10
卫生计生监督协管0.30
合计100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916306178839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variance analysis table of total equivalent values for different types of primary public health services

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源平方和自由度均方FP
组间6 869.28412572.4451.061<0.001
组内582.9635211.21
总计7 452.24764
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916398453539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同种类基本公共卫生服务总当量值方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源平方和自由度均方FP
组间6 869.28412572.4451.061<0.001
组内582.9635211.21
总计7 452.24764
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916482339627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variance analysis table of unit equivalent values for primary public health services across different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
服务种类变异来源平方和自由度均方FP
建立居民健康档案组间65.05797.232.8360.011
组内101.963402.55
总计167.02049
健康教育组间13 898.56991 544.291.3370.249
组内46 196.562401 154.91
总计60 095.13149
预防接种组间1 118.1959124.241.0620.411
组内4 677.74740116.94
总计5 795.94249
儿童健康管理组间429.533947.731.0750.402
组内1 776.4334044.41
总计2 205.96649
孕产妇健康管理组间838.153993.131.6130.145
组内2 309.7744057.74
总计3 147.92749
老年人健康管理组间3 176.5429352.951.2390.300
组内11 396.94140284.92
总计14 573.48249
慢性病患者健康管理(高血压)组间711.992979.111.1780.335
组内2 685.1334067.13
总计3 397.12549
慢性病患者健康管理(2型糖尿病)组间731.190981.241.3650.236
组内2 380.8554059.52
总计3 112.04649
严重精神障碍患者管理组间62.13896.900.3420.955
组内806.4724020.16
总计868.61049
肺结核患者健康管理组间435.099948.340.7040.702
组内2 748.2024068.71
总计3 183.30149
中医药健康管理组间152.831916.981.3920.224
组内487.9064012.20
总计640.73749
传染病及突发公共卫生事件报告和处理组间437.950948.660.9130.524
组内2 132.5414053.31
总计2 570.49149
卫生计生监督协管组间1 164.4349129.386.346<0.001
组内815.5484020.39
总计1 979.98349
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916616557363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217862291824, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同地区基本公共卫生服务单位当量值方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
服务种类变异来源平方和自由度均方FP
建立居民健康档案组间65.05797.232.8360.011
组内101.963402.55
总计167.02049
健康教育组间13 898.56991 544.291.3370.249
组内46 196.562401 154.91
总计60 095.13149
预防接种组间1 118.1959124.241.0620.411
组内4 677.74740116.94
总计5 795.94249
儿童健康管理组间429.533947.731.0750.402
组内1 776.4334044.41
总计2 205.96649
孕产妇健康管理组间838.153993.131.6130.145
组内2 309.7744057.74
总计3 147.92749
老年人健康管理组间3 176.5429352.951.2390.300
组内11 396.94140284.92
总计14 573.48249
慢性病患者健康管理(高血压)组间711.992979.111.1780.335
组内2 685.1334067.13
总计3 397.12549
慢性病患者健康管理(2型糖尿病)组间731.190981.241.3650.236
组内2 380.8554059.52
总计3 112.04649
严重精神障碍患者管理组间62.13896.900.3420.955
组内806.4724020.16
总计868.61049
肺结核患者健康管理组间435.099948.340.7040.702
组内2 748.2024068.71
总计3 183.30149
中医药健康管理组间152.831916.981.3920.224
组内487.9064012.20
总计640.73749
传染病及突发公共卫生事件报告和处理组间437.950948.660.9130.524
组内2 132.5414053.31
总计2 570.49149
卫生计生监督协管组间1 164.4349129.386.346<0.001
组内815.5484020.39
总计1 979.98349
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基于当量法的广西乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务工作量测算研究
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王舒云 1, 2 , 兰岚 3 , 林琳 1, 2 , 王政 4 , 赵慧函 1, 2 , 张颖 1, 2 , 林琳 5 , 冯启明 1, 2 , 黄照权 2
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(10): 1824-1830
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025, 52(10): 1824-1830
基于当量法的广西乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务工作量测算研究
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王舒云1, 2, 兰岚3, 林琳1, 2, 王政4, 赵慧函1, 2, 张颖1, 2, 林琳5, 冯启明1, 2, 黄照权2
作者信息
  • 1.广西医科大学卫生与健康政策研究中心,广西 南宁 530021
  • 2.广西医科大学
  • 3.广西卫健委项目资金监管服务中心
  • 4.广西卫生职业技术学院
  • 5.广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院
  • 王舒云(1992—),女,博士在读,研究方向:社会医学与公共卫生管理

通讯作者:

黄照权,E-mail:
Research on workload estimation of primary public health services in township health center based on equivalent method, Guangxi
Shu-yun WANG1, 2, Lan LAN3, Lin LIN1, 2, Zheng WANG4, Hui-han ZHAO1, 2, Ying ZHANG1, 2, Lin LIN5, Qi-ming FENG1, 2, Zhao-quan HUANG2
Affiliations
  • Health and Policy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406363
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目的

测算乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务工作量,为促进乡村医疗卫生体系健康发展提供实证依据。

方法

按多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在广西抽取50家乡镇卫生院,收集基本公共卫生服务和基本医疗服务相关数据,采用当量法测算分析基本公共卫生服务工作量。

结果

基本公共卫生服务总当量值与服务常住人口数的Pearson相关系数为r=0.782,P<0.05;不同种类基本公共卫生服务总当量值的方差系数为F=51.061,P<0.05;不同地区建立居民健康档案单位当量值的方差系数为F=2.836,P<0.05,不同地区卫生计生监督协管单位当量值的方差系数为F=6.346,P<0.05。

结论

基本公共卫生服务总工作量与服务常住人口数呈强正相关;不同种类基本公共卫生服务的总工作量差异显著;不同地区开展建立居民健康档案和卫生计生监督协管服务的单位工作效率存在差异。

乡镇卫生院  /  基本公共卫生服务  /  工作量  /  当量法
Objective

To measure the workload of primary public health services in rural township health centers, providing empirical evidence for the healthy development of the rural medical and health system.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 50 township health centers in Guangxi. Data related to primary public health services and primary medical services were collected, and the workload of primary public health services was analyzed using the equivalent method.

Results

The Pearson correlation coefficient between the total equivalent value of primary public health services and the number of permanent residents served was r=0.782, P<0.05; the coefficient of variation for the total equivalent value of different types of primary public health services was F=51.061, P<0.05; the coefficient of variation for the unit equivalent value of resident health records established in different regions was F=2.836, P<0.05, and for the unit equivalent value of health and family planning supervision and coordination services in different regions was F=6.346, P<0.05.

Conclusion

The total value of primary public health services is strongly positively correlated with the number of permanent residents served. There is a significant difference in the total workload of different types of primary public health services. There are differences in the work efficiency of units providing resident health record establishment and health and family planning supervision and coordination services in different regions.

Township health center  /  Primary public health services  /  Equivalent method  /  Workload
王舒云, 兰岚, 林琳, 王政, 赵慧函, 张颖, 林琳, 冯启明, 黄照权. 基于当量法的广西乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务工作量测算研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1824 -1830 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406363
Shu-yun WANG, Lan LAN, Lin LIN, Zheng WANG, Hui-han ZHAO, Ying ZHANG, Lin LIN, Qi-ming FENG, Zhao-quan HUANG. Research on workload estimation of primary public health services in township health center based on equivalent method, Guangxi[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1824 -1830 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406363
基本公共卫生服务是我国新医改的重要组成部分,是实现“健康中国2030”战略目标的重要支撑,也是基层医疗卫生机构的核心职能之一,它作为保障居民健康的重要惠民政策,在乡镇卫生院普遍开展并取得了进展与成效[1-3]。尽管国内对农村基本公共卫生服务的研究已经相当丰富,现有研究多聚焦于政策执行效果,对基层卫生人员在提供具体服务过程中的实践细节关注不足[4]。然而,深入研究服务供给过程对于提升服务供给能力、精准把握居民服务需求、加强服务过程监管等方面至关重要[5]。为进一步提升基层卫生人员的基本公共卫生服务供给能力,更科学地实施绩效考核与按劳分配项目资金[6],更精准地满足居民不断增长的健康需求,本研究以广西为例,采用当量法对乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务工作量进行实证研究。
采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,根据广西地理划分,分别从桂东、桂西、桂南、桂北和桂中5地各抽取1个设区市,每个设区市抽取2个县,每个县抽取5家乡镇卫生院,共纳入50家乡镇卫生院进行调查研究。
参考国内相关研究[7-9]初步制定工作量调查问卷,通过预调研了解实际情况并完善问卷。调查问卷分为基本公共卫生服务和基本医疗服务工作量测算表,其中,基本公共卫生服务内容包括建立居民健康档案、健康教育、预防接种、儿童健康管理、孕产妇健康管理、老年人健康管理、慢性病患者健康管理(高血压)、慢性病患者健康管理(2型糖尿病)、严重精神障碍患者管理、肺结核患者健康管理、中医药健康管理、传染病及突发公共卫生事件报告和处理、卫生计生监督协管,共计13大类37项;基本医疗服务内容包括医疗服务、护理服务、药剂服务、医技服务、公共卫生服务,共计5大类71项[7,10]。通过收集单次服务耗时(分钟)、平均提供单次服务所需基层卫生人员数、年度工作例数和服务常住人口数,计算提供各类服务所需人时数。
当量法作为一种有效的服务量度量工具,能够对不同种类服务数据进行标准化处理,其较高的可信度和较好的基层推广性,适用于乡镇卫生院开展研究[7]。根据尹德卢等基于当量法构建的卫生服务项目成本测算模型,规定1个标准服务当量值定义为“一个门诊医生接诊1名病人15分钟的工作量”[11],以此为基准测算各类服务当量值。例如,建立一份居民电子健康档案所需的平均人时数为18分钟,其单位当量值为1.2(18分钟·人/15分钟·人)。具体的当量值测算公式如下:
采用Excel 2019对数据进行录入和整理,采用SPSS 29.0软件对数据进行统计分析和描述性分析。基本公共卫生服务和基本医疗服务总当量值与服务常住人口数的相关性采用Pearson相关分析;不同种类基本公共卫生服务总当量值间差异,以及不同地区基本公共卫生服务的单位当量值差异,使用方差分析进行检验。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共调查50家样本机构,服务常住人口数为169.51万人,两类服务总当量值为2 464.38万个,其中,基本医疗服务总当量值为1 419.49万个,在总当量值占比为57.60%;基本公共卫生服务总当量值为1 044.89万个,在总当量值占比为42.40%。见表1
Pearson相关性显示,基本医疗总当量值与服务常住人口数呈弱正相关(r=0.377,P<0.05),基本公共卫生服务总当量值与服务常住人口数呈强正相关(r=0.782,P<0.05)。
从13类服务来看,广西基本公共卫生服务总当量值占比最大的有三类,依次为建立居民健康档案占比27.41%、老年人健康管理占比26.04%、健康教育占比25.28%;广西基本公共卫生服务总当量值占比最小的是传染病及突发公共卫生事件报告和处理和肺结核患者健康管理,均为0.10%。见表2
方差分析结果显示,13类基本公共卫生服务总当量值之间差异有统计学意义(F=51.061,P<0.05)。见表3
方差分析结果显示,不同县域两类基本公共卫生服务的单位当量值差异有统计学意义,分别为建立居民健康档案(F=2.836,P<0.05),卫生计生监督协管(F=6.346,P<0.05)。见表4
本研究发现,广西2020年基本公共卫生服务与基本医疗服务的总当量值之比为0.74倍(42.40%/57.60%),与上海市徐汇区2019年的研究结果0.72倍相仿[12],高于2013年全国农村地区的0.50倍和西部农村地区的0.59倍[7]。这一数据表明,基本公共卫生服务在基层医疗卫生机构的工作总量有所增大,与相关研究一致[13]。随着服务覆盖范围的扩大和基层健康管理能力的逐步提升,服务人次逐渐增多,相应的工作量也随之增加。基本公共卫生服务的总工作量,不仅与服务常住人口数呈强正相关关系,也与服务内容的丰富程度密切相关。在“健康中国2030”规划纲要中,明确不断扩充服务内容是持续推进基本公共卫生服务均等化的重要体现之一。随着服务模式和服务流程的规范化,日益充实的服务内容与现有人员编制及人员数量不足之间的矛盾,在基层医疗卫生机构中持续存在,这一现象导致了基层卫生人员工作负担不断加重[14]。针对这一问题,建议增加基层医疗卫生机构编制数量,完善基层卫生人员引留机制,以缓解人均工作负担。与此同时,基层医疗卫生服务体系正朝着医防融合的服务模式转变,当前处于探索整合型基本医疗与基本公共卫生服务模式的新阶段[15],未来可能需要基层卫生人才投入更多时间和精力确保新阶段的顺利过渡。
不同服务种类分析显示,广西的13类基本公共卫生服务总当量值之间存在显著差异。其中,建立居民健康档案、老年人健康管理和健康教育是工作量最多的三类服务,它们的工作量占比之和高达基本公共卫生服务总量的78.73%,而工作量最少的四类服务其占比之和不足总量的1%,这一结果与相关研究相似[9],表明乡镇卫生院开展各类基本公共卫生服务的工作量投入存在较大差距。基于此,本研究着重对工作量最大的三类服务进行分析。关于建立居民健康档案和健康教育,两类服务的工作量大可能与服务覆盖面广有关,均是面向全体人群,服务人数在所有项目中位列前两位。未来随着农村人口总量持续减少[16],建立居民健康档案的工作重心必将从电子健康档案的新建档案转向维护管理。为促进建档维护服务的提质增效,建议加快健全电子健康档案的制度和提升其动态使用率[17],通过制度的完善和工作效率的提高来缓解基层卫生人员因工作量大引起的压力。同时,建议运用智能设备与新媒体拓展健康宣传教育方式,既有助于减轻基层卫生人员的工作量,也能更大程度满足因从事劳动密集型工作而无法及时关注传统健康教育宣传方式的居民的健康需求[18]。老年人健康管理的工作量大可能与服务内容的复杂程度有关。随着我国人口老龄化速度和规模的不断攀升,伴有理解能力有限和健康素养薄弱特点的老年人群体检人数不断增加,面对部分老年人对健康体检与健康随访的不配合,基层卫生人员需要付出更多耐心与精力在沟通与体力行动上[19]。对此,建议进一步发挥家庭医生团队作用,通过提供个性化和多样化的服务,提升老年人的健康意识素养,正向促进农村老年人基本公共卫生服务利用[20-21],减少基层卫生人员开展老年人健康管理的工作负担。
不同地区分析显示,在广西,不同县域建立居民健康档案和卫生计生监督协管两类服务的单位当量值有差异,这一发现与相关研究的结果相同[7]。差异的原因可能涉及两个主要方面。首先,乡镇卫生院的基本公共卫生服务质量缺乏同质化,导致不同地区基层卫生人员的服务水平与服务效率存在差异。例如,一些地区可能存在电子健康档案信息更新不及时,反映在单位当量值较小;亦或是服务经验与能力不足导致完成相同工作需要耗费更多人力,反映在单位当量值较大。其次,广西的人口分布特点属于多民族“大杂居、小聚居”,地理环境尤其是农村地区处于多被山地、交通不便,在对边远地区开展卫生计生监督协管可能需要更多的人手和更长的时间,反映在单位当量值较大。但总体而言,广西不同地区开展大部分种类的基本公共卫生服务单位当量值无明显差异,表明广西服务提供的标准化程度较好。随着我国基本医疗卫生服务均等化推进,需要更多有相关经验的基层卫生人员来从事这项工作。建议加大对农村地区的培训力度、拓宽继续教育途径,提高服务质量和同质化水平,以提升基层卫生人员的职称水平和良好的心理契约,进而改善工作绩效[22-23]。同时,遵循“多劳多得,质优多得”的考核原则,完善以工作量为基础的绩效考核分配体系,进一步激发基层卫生人员的工作热情,提高工作效率[24]
  • 广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBZ2023104)
  • 广西自然科学基金资助(2020GXNSFBA297117)
  • 广西特色新型智库联盟重点课题研究成果
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2025年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406363
  • 接收时间:2024-06-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-24
基金
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBZ2023104)
广西自然科学基金资助(2020GXNSFBA297117)
广西特色新型智库联盟重点课题研究成果
作者信息
    1.广西医科大学卫生与健康政策研究中心,广西 南宁 530021
    2.广西医科大学
    3.广西卫健委项目资金监管服务中心
    4.广西卫生职业技术学院
    5.广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院

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黄照权,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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