Article(id=1240977217560310569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411102, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730736000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773801624908, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773801624908, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773801624908, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773801624908, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240977214964036360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773801624289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773825591019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241077738770068228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240977214964036360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1818, endPage=1823, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240977217954575158, articleId=1240977217560310569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effect of family care on medication adherence and the mediating role of anxiety in patients who have failed antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status of medication adherence in patients with HIV/AIDS who have failed antiretroviral therapy and to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety in the influence of family care on medication adherence.

Methods

A total of 600 patients with HIV/AIDS who failed antiretroviral therapy were included as study subjects, and data on patients’ demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, anxiety, family caring and medication adherence were collected through telephone interviews, and mediation analyses were used to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety on the relationship between family caring and medication adherence.

Results

In this survey 29.33% of the population had family care disorder, 15.8% were in anxiety and 56.0% had good medication adherence. The mean score of medication adherence was moderate at 7.15±1.38. Anxiety in HIV/AIDS antiretroviral treatment failure patients fully mediated the effect of family care on medication adherence. The mediating effect (0.033) (95%CI: 0.017-0.053) accounted for 47.8% of the total effect (0.069) (95%CI: 0.033-0.105).

Conclusion

The percentage of local HIV/AIDS patients with good adherence to medication in patients who have failed antiretroviral therapy is relatively low. By increasing the level of family care and helping patients to alleviate anxiety, medication adherence can be effectively improved and treatment outcomes can be improved.

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目的

了解HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的服药依从性现状,并分析焦虑在家庭关怀度与服药依从性之间的中介效应。

方法

共纳入600名HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者作为研究对象,通过电话访问的方式收集患者人口学特征、行为特征、焦虑、家庭关怀度及服药依从性等资料,采用中介效应分析方法探讨焦虑在家庭关怀度与服药依从性之间的中介作用。

结果

调查人群中29.3%存在家庭关怀障碍,15.8%人群处于焦虑状态,56.0%人群服药依从性良好。服药依从性平均得分(7.15±1.38)分,处于中等水平。HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的焦虑情绪在家庭关怀度对服药依从性的影响中存在完全中介作用。中介效应(0.033)(95%CI:0.017~0.053)占总效应(0.069)(95%CI:0.033~0.105)的47.8%。

结论

当地HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者服药依从性良好的人群占比较低。通过加强家庭关怀度、帮助患者缓解焦虑,可有效提高患者服药依从性,从而提高治疗效果。

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裴容与李苑为共同通信作者。裴容,E-mail:
李苑,E-mail:
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张玉莲(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病流行防控

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张玉莲(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病流行防控

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张玉莲(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病流行防控

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AIDS Care, 2021, 33(11): 1414-1421., articleTitle=Resilience, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, depression and ART adherence among People living with HIV in Sichuan, China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240996917551878879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, awardId=23ZDYF0112, language=CN, fundingSource=凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(23ZDYF0112), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240996917639959269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, awardId=72304050, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(72304050), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240996917715456749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, awardId=23ZDYF0025, language=CN, fundingSource=凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(23ZDYF0025), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240996917895811825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, awardId=22ZDYF0125, language=CN, fundingSource=凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(22ZDYF0125), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240996917992280826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, awardId=MPRC2021014, language=CN, fundingSource=成都中医药大学苗圃人才专项(MPRC2021014), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240996908664148145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908672536753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, companyId=1240996908664148145, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908680925363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, companyId=1240996908664148145, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都中医药大学公共卫生学院,四川 成都 611100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240996908785782971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240996908794171579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, companyId=1240996908785782971, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.凉山彝族自治州疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240996915937071721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mediation model of family caring and medication adherence in patients with HIV/AIDS who have failed antiretroviral therapy, figureFileSmall=PWe0hez4lAj881ZjYNAdtQ==, figureFileBig=UdIAghI8Snuiwdai8B3+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996916054512242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者家庭关怀度与服药依从性中介模型

注:**:P<0.001;控制变量:民族、婚姻状况、饮酒情况。

, figureFileSmall=PWe0hez4lAj881ZjYNAdtQ==, figureFileBig=UdIAghI8Snuiwdai8B3+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240996916247450238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information about the study population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别n(%)服药依从性[n(%)]χ2P
良好中等
性别男性437(72.8)237(54.2)134(30.7)66(15.1)2.5300.293
女性163(27.2)99(60.7)46(28.2)18(11.0)
年龄(岁)18~<3063(10.5)36(57.1)22(34.9)5(7.9)5.8470.441
30~<40213(35.5)122(57.3)64(30.0)27(12.7)
40~<50172(28.7)97(56.4)52(30.2)23(13.4)
≥50152(25.3)81(53.3)42(27.6)29(19.1)
民族彝族479(79.8)286(59.7)135(28.2)58(12.1)14.5120.001
其他121(20.2)50(41.3)45(37.2)26(21.5)
文化程度文盲248(41.3)156(62.9)a64(25.8)a28(11.3)a9.5130.049
小学238(39.7)125(52.5)ab74(31.1)a39(16.4)a
初中及以上114(19.0)55(48.2)b42(36.8)a17(14.9)ab
婚姻状况未婚65(10.8)29(44.6)a26(40.0)a10(15.4)b12.2430.015
已婚/同居405(67.5)243(60.0)a115(28.4)a47(11.6)a
离异/丧偶130(21.7)64(49.2)a39(30.0)a27(20.8)b
政府补贴224(37.3)120(53.6)69(30.8)35(15.6)1.1280.584
376(62.7)216(57.4)111(29.5)49(13.0)
医疗保险513(85.5)287(55.9)158(30.8)68(13.3)2.1560.343
87(14.5)49(56.3)22(25.3)16(18.4)
合计600(100.0)336(56.0)180(30.0)84(14.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916356502151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象一般情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别n(%)服药依从性[n(%)]χ2P
良好中等
性别男性437(72.8)237(54.2)134(30.7)66(15.1)2.5300.293
女性163(27.2)99(60.7)46(28.2)18(11.0)
年龄(岁)18~<3063(10.5)36(57.1)22(34.9)5(7.9)5.8470.441
30~<40213(35.5)122(57.3)64(30.0)27(12.7)
40~<50172(28.7)97(56.4)52(30.2)23(13.4)
≥50152(25.3)81(53.3)42(27.6)29(19.1)
民族彝族479(79.8)286(59.7)135(28.2)58(12.1)14.5120.001
其他121(20.2)50(41.3)45(37.2)26(21.5)
文化程度文盲248(41.3)156(62.9)a64(25.8)a28(11.3)a9.5130.049
小学238(39.7)125(52.5)ab74(31.1)a39(16.4)a
初中及以上114(19.0)55(48.2)b42(36.8)a17(14.9)ab
婚姻状况未婚65(10.8)29(44.6)a26(40.0)a10(15.4)b12.2430.015
已婚/同居405(67.5)243(60.0)a115(28.4)a47(11.6)a
离异/丧偶130(21.7)64(49.2)a39(30.0)a27(20.8)b
政府补贴224(37.3)120(53.6)69(30.8)35(15.6)1.1280.584
376(62.7)216(57.4)111(29.5)49(13.0)
医疗保险513(85.5)287(55.9)158(30.8)68(13.3)2.1560.343
87(14.5)49(56.3)22(25.3)16(18.4)
合计600(100.0)336(56.0)180(30.0)84(14.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916478136977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Behavioral characteristics of the study population

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变量组别n(%)服药依从性[n(%)]χ2P
良好中等
吸烟380(63.3)203(53.4)121(31.8)56(14.7)3.624c0.452
207(34.5)126(60.9)54(26.1)27(13.0)
已戒烟13(2.2)7(53.8)5(38.5)1(7.7)
饮酒154(25.7)69(44.8)a59(38.3)a26(16.9)a12.5510.013
380(63.3)229(60.3)b99(26.1)b52(13.7)a
已戒酒66(11.0)38(57.6)ab22(33.3)ab6(9.1)a
使用过毒品213(35.5)119(55.9)69(32.4)25(11.7)2.834c0.569
385(64.2)215(55.8)111(28.8)59(15.3)
不详2(0.3)2(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
近一年性行为259(43.2)136(52.5)80(30.9)43(16.6)5.582c0.443
异性性行为337(56.2)196(58.2)100(29.7)41(12.2)
同性性行为1(0.2)1(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
不详3(0.5)1(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
合计600(100.0)336(56.0)180(30.0)84(14.0)
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研究对象行为特征

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变量组别n(%)服药依从性[n(%)]χ2P
良好中等
吸烟380(63.3)203(53.4)121(31.8)56(14.7)3.624c0.452
207(34.5)126(60.9)54(26.1)27(13.0)
已戒烟13(2.2)7(53.8)5(38.5)1(7.7)
饮酒154(25.7)69(44.8)a59(38.3)a26(16.9)a12.5510.013
380(63.3)229(60.3)b99(26.1)b52(13.7)a
已戒酒66(11.0)38(57.6)ab22(33.3)ab6(9.1)a
使用过毒品213(35.5)119(55.9)69(32.4)25(11.7)2.834c0.569
385(64.2)215(55.8)111(28.8)59(15.3)
不详2(0.3)2(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
近一年性行为259(43.2)136(52.5)80(30.9)43(16.6)5.582c0.443
异性性行为337(56.2)196(58.2)100(29.7)41(12.2)
同性性行为1(0.2)1(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
不详3(0.5)1(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
合计600(100.0)336(56.0)180(30.0)84(14.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916679463581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Typology of the various types of scales

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量表组别n(%)
家庭关怀度量表良好424(70.7)
中度障碍99(16.5)
重度障碍77(12.8)
广泛性焦虑障碍量表无焦虑505(84.2)
轻度焦虑78(13.0)
中度焦虑16(2.7)
重度焦虑1(0.2)
Morisky服药依从性量表良好336(56.0)
中等180(20.0)
84(14.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916788515496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各类量表分型情况

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量表组别n(%)
家庭关怀度量表良好424(70.7)
中度障碍99(16.5)
重度障碍77(12.8)
广泛性焦虑障碍量表无焦虑505(84.2)
轻度焦虑78(13.0)
中度焦虑16(2.7)
重度焦虑1(0.2)
Morisky服药依从性量表良好336(56.0)
中等180(20.0)
84(14.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240996916914344625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Partial correlation analysis of family care, anxiety status, and medication adherence

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类别偏相关系数P
家庭关怀度&服药依从性0.152<0.001
焦虑状态&家庭关怀度-0.330<0.001
焦虑状态&服药依从性-0.248<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996917061145278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

家庭关怀度、焦虑状态、服药依从性偏相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别偏相关系数P
家庭关怀度&服药依从性0.152<0.001
焦虑状态&家庭关怀度-0.330<0.001
焦虑状态&服药依从性-0.248<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240996917199557318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediating effect of anxiety in the association between family caring and medication adherence in patients who have failed antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CISE效应量(%)
间接效应0.033(0.017~0.053)0.00947.8
直接效应0.036(-0.002~0.073)0.01952.2
总效应0.069(0.033~0.105)0.018-
), ArticleFig(id=1240996917363135186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240977217560310569, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

焦虑在HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者家庭关怀度与服药依从性关联中的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CISE效应量(%)
间接效应0.033(0.017~0.053)0.00947.8
直接效应0.036(-0.002~0.073)0.01952.2
总效应0.069(0.033~0.105)0.018-
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家庭关怀度对HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者服药依从性的影响及焦虑的中介作用
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张玉莲 1 , 文雯 1 , 吉克春农 2 , 余刚 2 , 王菊 2 , 王玉兵 2 , 刘旖 1 , 马拉作 2 , 裴容 1 , 李苑 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(10): 1818-1823
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025, 52(10): 1818-1823
家庭关怀度对HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者服药依从性的影响及焦虑的中介作用
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张玉莲1, 文雯1, 吉克春农2, 余刚2, 王菊2, 王玉兵2, 刘旖1, 马拉作2, 裴容1 , 李苑1
作者信息
  • 1.成都中医药大学公共卫生学院,四川 成都 611100
  • 2.凉山彝族自治州疾病预防控制中心
  • 张玉莲(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病流行防控

通讯作者:

裴容与李苑为共同通信作者。裴容,E-mail:
李苑,E-mail:
Effect of family care on medication adherence and the mediating role of anxiety in patients who have failed antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS
Yu-lian ZHANG1, Wen WEN1, Chun-nong JIKE2, Gang YU2, Ju WANG2, Yu-bing WANG2, Yi LIU1, La-zuo MA2, Rong PEI1 , Yuan LI1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411102
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目的

了解HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的服药依从性现状,并分析焦虑在家庭关怀度与服药依从性之间的中介效应。

方法

共纳入600名HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者作为研究对象,通过电话访问的方式收集患者人口学特征、行为特征、焦虑、家庭关怀度及服药依从性等资料,采用中介效应分析方法探讨焦虑在家庭关怀度与服药依从性之间的中介作用。

结果

调查人群中29.3%存在家庭关怀障碍,15.8%人群处于焦虑状态,56.0%人群服药依从性良好。服药依从性平均得分(7.15±1.38)分,处于中等水平。HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的焦虑情绪在家庭关怀度对服药依从性的影响中存在完全中介作用。中介效应(0.033)(95%CI:0.017~0.053)占总效应(0.069)(95%CI:0.033~0.105)的47.8%。

结论

当地HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者服药依从性良好的人群占比较低。通过加强家庭关怀度、帮助患者缓解焦虑,可有效提高患者服药依从性,从而提高治疗效果。

HIV/AIDS  /  服药依从性  /  抗病毒治疗失败
Objective

To understand the current status of medication adherence in patients with HIV/AIDS who have failed antiretroviral therapy and to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety in the influence of family care on medication adherence.

Methods

A total of 600 patients with HIV/AIDS who failed antiretroviral therapy were included as study subjects, and data on patients’ demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, anxiety, family caring and medication adherence were collected through telephone interviews, and mediation analyses were used to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety on the relationship between family caring and medication adherence.

Results

In this survey 29.33% of the population had family care disorder, 15.8% were in anxiety and 56.0% had good medication adherence. The mean score of medication adherence was moderate at 7.15±1.38. Anxiety in HIV/AIDS antiretroviral treatment failure patients fully mediated the effect of family care on medication adherence. The mediating effect (0.033) (95%CI: 0.017-0.053) accounted for 47.8% of the total effect (0.069) (95%CI: 0.033-0.105).

Conclusion

The percentage of local HIV/AIDS patients with good adherence to medication in patients who have failed antiretroviral therapy is relatively low. By increasing the level of family care and helping patients to alleviate anxiety, medication adherence can be effectively improved and treatment outcomes can be improved.

HIV/AIDS  /  Medication adherence  /  Antiretroviral treatment failure
张玉莲, 文雯, 吉克春农, 余刚, 王菊, 王玉兵, 刘旖, 马拉作, 裴容, 李苑. 家庭关怀度对HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者服药依从性的影响及焦虑的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1818 -1823 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411102
Yu-lian ZHANG, Wen WEN, Chun-nong JIKE, Gang YU, Ju WANG, Yu-bing WANG, Yi LIU, La-zuo MA, Rong PEI, Yuan LI. Effect of family care on medication adherence and the mediating role of anxiety in patients who have failed antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (10) : 1818 -1823 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411102
艾滋病又称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS) 是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immune deficiency virus,HIV)引起的慢性传染病,是严重影响公众健康的重大公共卫生问题之一[1]。根据联合国艾滋病规划署(The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS,UNAIDS)估计,截至2023年底12月,全球现存活HIV/AIDS患者3 990万例,当年新发HIV感染者130万例,其中3 070万人(76.9%)正在接受抗病毒治疗(Anti-retroviral therapy,ART),有72%患者病毒抑制成功[2]。抗病毒治疗是目前治疗艾滋病最有效的方法之一,为提高治疗效果,重建机体免疫功能,患者需要长期坚持服用抗病毒药物,服药依从性是治疗成功的重要因素[3]。患者服药依从性较差时容易出现病毒学治疗失败的情况,较差的依从性也会导致病毒的耐药从而造成治疗失败,尤其在条件有限的地区发生耐药,由于缺乏二线药物,更容易导致疗效失效、疾病复发或加重,甚至死亡的结局[4-5]。研究证实有效的抗病毒治疗可降低病死率,减少HIV的传播,还可延长患者寿命[6]。因此,HIV/AIDS患者的服药依从性问题亟需得到广泛关注。
研究表明,社会心理因素相比于教育、经济等其他社会影响因素更容易受到干预和改变[7],为改善HIV/AIDS患者的生存质量,了解其社会心理需求至关重要。从个体层面来看,关注和改善HIV/AIDS患者社会心理因素(如焦虑、社会支持等)以提升其服药依从性,可能比对其开展单纯的临床治疗,能为患者健康状况和生活质量带来更显著的影响[8]。本研究聚焦于服药依从性差的高危人群,即HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者,假设其焦虑在家庭关怀度与服药依从性之间发挥中介作用,通过验证这一中介效应,为制定提高HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者服药依从性的干预措施提供实证支持。
本研究于2024年3—5月在四川省凉山州开展调查,以HIV抗病毒治疗失败患者(本研究选择的对象为抗病毒治疗失败人群:治疗时间≥6个月,且病毒载量≥1 000拷贝/ml)为研究对象。数据信息来自中国疾病预防控制中心艾滋病综合防治信息系统及四川省凉山州抗病毒治疗数据库。
纳入标准:1)户籍地为凉山州;2)年龄≥18岁;3)知情同意原则下自愿参与。
排除标准:1)调查期间失访、羁押、死亡患者;2)患有严重精神疾病的患者;3)有认知障碍或表达缺陷的患者。
本研究已获得成都中医药大学附属医院伦理审查委员会批准(编号:2024KL-119-01)。
本研究从艾滋病综合防治信息系统导出患者联系方式,经抽样获得调查名单。由各县(市)疾病预防控制中心联系患者所在卫生院或者随访管理医师,向患者讲解此次调查的目的并获取知情同意。在获得患者知情同意后,采用自行设计的问卷,由经过培训的调查员对所有纳入研究的患者进行电话访问。
调查内容包括HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的一般人口学特征、行为特征、家庭关怀度情况、焦虑状态及服药依从性等信息。一般人口学特征信息包括患者性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、外出打工情况及居住情况等。行为特征包括吸烟、饮酒情况、近一年性行为等。
家庭关怀度采用Smikestein设计的家庭关怀度量表(Family APGAR Index,APGAR),包括适应度、合作度、成长度、情感度和亲密度5个维度。采用李克特三点计分法,总得分为所有条目之和,得分为7~10分、4~6分、0~3分分别表示家庭功能良好、中度障碍、严重障碍。本研究中,该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.89。
服药依从性采用Morisky编制的服药依从性量表,共8个条目,各条目得分之和为服药依从性总分,第5题为反向计分。量表满分8分,得分越高说明服药依从性越好。得分8分、6~<8分、<6分分别表示服药依从性好、中等和差。本研究中,该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.75。
广泛性焦虑障碍量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder,GAD)共7个条目,采用0~3分评分法,总分为0~21分。0~4分、5~9分、10~14分、≥15分分别表示没有焦虑、轻度焦虑、中度焦虑、重度焦虑。国外相关研究表明GAD-7在焦虑筛查中具有好的信度和效度[9]。本研究的Cronbach α系数为0.80。
采用Epidata 3.1软件进行数据录入,双录入形式并进行一致性检验。采用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析,描述性分析采用频数和构成比。分类资料组间比较采用χ2检验。中介效应检验采用SPSS宏程序Process 4.1中的Model4进行。检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查共回收612份问卷,其中有效问卷600份,有效回收率98.0%。研究对象中男性437人(72.8%),以30~<40岁人群(35.5%)为主。彝族占79.8%;文化程度主要为小学及以下,其中仅上过小学占39.7%,文盲占41.3%;已婚或同居人群占67.5%。此外,有14.5%的人群未购买任何医疗保险。见表1
本次调查人群中,有63.3%的患者正在吸烟,约1/4的患者有饮酒习惯,约1/5的患者服药依从性差。见表2
在本次调查中,家庭关怀度量表得分为(7.61±3.02)分,广泛性焦虑障碍量表得分为(2.16±2.67)分,Morisky服药依从性量表得分为(7.15±1.38)分。29.3%的受访者存在家庭关怀障碍,15.8%人群处于焦虑状态,仅56.0%的受访者服药依从性良好。见表3
研究结果显示,控制变量民族、婚姻状况、饮酒后,焦虑状态与家庭关怀度、服药依从性呈现负相关,相关系数分别为-0.330、-0.248,家庭关怀度与服药依从性呈现正相关,相关系数为0.152。具体见表4
为探讨家庭关怀度对服药依从性的影响机制,本研究中进一步引入焦虑状态作为中介变量。采用SPSS宏程序Process 4.1中的Model4进行中介效应检验,控制单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量民族、婚姻状况、饮酒情况,以家庭关怀度量表得分为自变量,广泛性焦虑障碍量表得分为中介变量,服药依从性量表得分为因变量,根据Hayes提供的Bootstrap方法验证HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的焦虑状态在家庭关怀度与服药依从性中间的中介作用。结果表明,家庭关怀度越高,焦虑状态越弱;焦虑状态越强,服药依从性越低。见图1
本研究中介分析结果显示,HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的家庭关怀度对服药依从性的总效应Bootstrap 95%CI不包含0,表面其存在影响。其直接效应Bootstrap 95%CI包含0,焦虑状态的中介效应的Bootstrap 95%CI不包含0,表明存在中介效应作用,且为完全中介效应作用。该中介效应(0.033)占总效应(0.069)的47.8%。见表5
本研究发现,已婚人群的服药依从性高于离异/丧偶人群。大部分患者正处于壮年时期,感知到家庭责任,可能促进其服药[10];另外家庭成员的监督和陪伴在提升服药依从性方面发挥着重要的作用[11-12]。外出务工人群服药依从性低于在户籍地人群,可能是因为外出务工流入地不愿意接收管理,流出地信息不全[13],导致患者领取药物不及时。汉族的服药依从性低于彝族,可能是因为当地汉族受教育程度更高,更多选择了外出务工,更容易发生服药不依从[14]。调查还发现,饮酒人群的服药依从性低于不饮酒人群。饮酒会增加相关慢性病或相似传播途径疾病的感染,合并感染可能给患者带来更大的精神生活压力,进一步导致服药依从性差[15-16]。长期饮酒还会影响患者的记忆力和认知功能,导致忘记服药或服药不及时[17]。在日常开展健康教育活动中,可以为患者们举办“戒烟会、戒酒会”,以同伴教育形式,提醒患者远离不良习惯。
在本次调查抗病毒治疗失败HIV/AIDS患者中,服药依从性好的人数占比55.9%,服药依从性有待提高,且低于唐学毅调查的凉山州金阳县静脉吸毒HIV/AIDS患者服药依从性水平[18]。以健康教育为核心的干预措施可使HIV/AIDS患者的服药依从性提高1.20倍[19],而静脉吸毒者作为HIV感染的高危人群[1],可能比其他群体受到更多关注,受到多方面的健康宣教,故此次调查的服药依从性低于同地域静脉吸毒人群。Morisky服药依从性量表平均得分为7.15±1.38分,处于中等水平,略高于张娅玲关于云南省HIV/AIDS患者的研究[20]。可能与电话访谈形式有关,信任度不高,他们在电话中可能不愿意透露不依从情况。
本研究结果显示,HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者家庭关怀度是影响服药依从性的重要因素。这提示患者家庭的关怀支持可有效提高HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的服药依从性,可能是由于家人的关怀支持起到正面积极的作用。与Mitchell的研究一致,当患者感受到来自家庭或社会的支持时会产生更多的安全感和需求感,其服药依从性更高[21]。家庭关怀度会正向影响服药依从性,这一结果提示,患者家人可给予其生活、经济、情感上的支持,使患者有信心面对疾病,增强其抗病毒治疗依从性。
此外,本研究还发现,焦虑状态在家庭关怀度与HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者服药依从性之间起到完全中介作用。曾妍茗的研究表明,社会支持程度越高,HIV/AIDS患者焦虑的严重程度越低[22],本文的结果与其一致,家庭关怀度越高,HIV/AIDS患者越不会处于焦虑状态。HIV/AIDS患者在接受治疗的过程中,不可避免出现孤独、恐惧、焦虑等问题,这些心理问题如果没有得到重视并妥善处理,会对治疗依从性会产生消极影响,另外负面心理压力之下人体免疫细胞相关指标可能会下降,降低治疗效果,让患者预期得不到满足,进一步影响治疗依从性[23]。研究证明家庭与患者建立良好信任,可帮助其克服自卑、焦虑等心理问题,从而更积极地配合治疗;家属陪同复诊的HIV/AIDS患者更易接受医生的用药建议,且对治疗方案的信任度更高[24]。家庭为他们提供社会支持,可能会减轻这些负面情绪对患者服药依从性的影响。在控制中介变量焦虑状态后,家庭关怀度对患者服药依从性不存在直接效应,这与南非一项关于青少年的电话调查结果类似[25],家庭支持主要通过缓解患者的焦虑来影响服药依从性,即良好的家庭关怀可能使患者感受到心理上的安全与舒适,心理更加稳定,使其按时按量服药的行为更有自主性,而不是家庭关怀直接改善患者的服药行为。家庭关怀可通过降低患者焦虑水平提高其服药依从性,本研究结果中家庭关怀度对患者服药依从性的直接影响机制可能较弱或不明显。
本研究结果显示,HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗失败患者的焦虑状态对服药依从性产生负向影响,这与Wen的研究一致[26]。焦虑情绪会干扰患者的药物治疗依从性,因此建议随访医生在发现患者存在服药不依从的情况时,除了关注药物副作用和治疗计划等因素外,还应关注患者的社会支持和心理健康问题,制定个性化的干预方案。
本研究存在一定局限性,为确保样本具有代表性,数据源为凉山州目前所有已知的抗病毒治疗失败患者。调查采取随机抽样方法,调查对象分布在凉山州17个县(市),还包括外出务工患者,由于无法开展现场面对面调查,故采取电话访问形式。调查者未接触到患者本人,可能存在一定的信任缺失,导致收集的数据和实际情况存在一定偏差,患者可能存在选择或回忆偏倚。
  • 凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(23ZDYF0112)
  • 国家自然科学基金(72304050)
  • 凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(23ZDYF0025)
  • 凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(22ZDYF0125)
  • 成都中医药大学苗圃人才专项(MPRC2021014)
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2025年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411102
  • 接收时间:2024-11-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-05
基金
凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(23ZDYF0112)
国家自然科学基金(72304050)
凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(23ZDYF0025)
凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(22ZDYF0125)
成都中医药大学苗圃人才专项(MPRC2021014)
作者信息
    1.成都中医药大学公共卫生学院,四川 成都 611100
    2.凉山彝族自治州疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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