Article(id=1240972425232437760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310131, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800482328, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800482328, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800482328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800482328, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1665, endPage=1670, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972425689616931, articleId=1240972425232437760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of chain mediating effect of job adaptation and occupational stress between occupational fatigue and depression in medical staff, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the chain-mediated relationship between worker occupation fit (WOF) and occupational stress between occupational fatigue and depressive symptoms.

Methods

The method of stratified cluster sampling was used to study the medical staff in Sichuan Province. Pearson correlation analysis, stepwise regression model, and bootstrap method were used to analyze the relationship and chain mediating effect among WOF, occupational stress, occupational fatigue, and depression.

Results

In total 1 988 subjects were enrolled in this study, of which 43.5% (864/1 988) had depressive symptoms, and 6.5%(130/1 988) had severe depressive symptoms; 31.1% (618/1 988) had occupational fatigue symptoms, and the WOF level was 31.6±7.1. Stepwise regression analysis showed that with WOF, WOF type and occupational stress added to the model, the explanation of depressive symptoms in the model increased by 37.3% and 41.4%, respectively. Intermediary effect analysis showed that WOF and occupational stress had chain mediating effect between occupational fatigue and depressive symptoms, and the proportion of chain mediating effect was 1.80% (β = 0.020, bias corrected and accelerated 95%CI: 0.016-0.039).

Conclusion

The occurrence of depressive symptoms in medical staff is not only affected by occupational fatigue but also mediated by WOF and occupational stress.

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目的

探讨工作适配、职业紧张在职业性疲劳与抑郁症状间链式介导关系。

方法

采用分层整群抽样法,以四川省医务人员为研究对象。采用Pearson相关分析、逐步回归模型及Bootstrap法分析工作适配、职业紧张、职业性疲劳和抑郁症状间关系及其链式中介效应。

结果

本研究共纳入研究对象1 988人,其中43.5%(864/1 988)的医务人员存在抑郁症状,重度抑郁症状者占比为6.5%(130/1 988);31.1%(618/1 988)的医务人员具有职业性疲劳症状,工作适配水平为(31.6±7.1)。逐步回归分析显示,在工作适配、适配类型与职业紧张进入模型后,该模型对抑郁症状的解释度分别增加了37.3%和41.4%。中介效应分析显示,工作适配、职业紧张在职业性疲劳和抑郁症状关系间存在链式中介效应,链式中介效应占比为1.80%(β=0.020,Bias corrected and accelerated 95%CI: 0.016~0.039)。

结论

医务人员抑郁症状的发生不仅受职业性疲劳的影响,同时工作适配和职业紧张也会对两者间关系产生链式中介作用。

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孙瑞灿,E-mail:
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孙瑞灿(1992—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:职业紧张理论研究,职业紧张与健康关系研究

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19(23): 15477., articleTitle=The mediating role of cumulative fatigue on the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms: a Cross-Sectional study among 1327 Chinese primary healthcare professionals, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240986270336349079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, awardId=89073521, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(89073521), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240986270558647197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, awardId=MZGC20230027, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技计划资助(MZGC20230027), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986261155017201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986261175988725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, companyId=1240986261155017201, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986261184377334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, companyId=1240986261155017201, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都医学院公共卫生学院,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986261482172932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986261494755846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, companyId=1240986261482172932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.绵阳市疾病预防控制中心职业与放射预防控制所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986261687693840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986261691888147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, companyId=1240986261687693840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986266930574107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The pathway of the effect of worker occupation fit and occupational stress in the relationship between occupational fatigue and depressive symptoms, figureFileSmall=Wc7XR74/ZCDMnVN01QB/zw==, figureFileBig=6IIcn2Q14LFlm1RInr5EUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986267157066537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=CN, label=图1, caption=工作适配、职业紧张在职业性疲劳和抑郁症状间影响路径示意图, figureFileSmall=Wc7XR74/ZCDMnVN01QB/zw==, figureFileBig=6IIcn2Q14LFlm1RInr5EUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986267362587444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=A pathway model of WOF, WOF type, and occupational stress in the relationship between occupational fatigue and depressive symptoms, figureFileSmall=Zr6QQAbqzlaHKslptmNFqQ==, figureFileBig=/xawZDgBsbDAb9h6Cp300g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986267484222270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=CN, label=图2, caption=工作适配、适配类型及职业紧张在职业性疲劳与抑郁症状的路径模型

注:WOF为工作适配;PTF为素质-能力适配;NSF为需求-供应适配;DAF为要求-能力适配;图A为工作适配-职业紧张链式中介路径模型;图B为PTF -职业紧张链式中介路径模型;图C为NSF -职业紧张链式中介路径模型;图D为DAF -职业紧张链式中介路径模型。

, figureFileSmall=Zr6QQAbqzlaHKslptmNFqQ==, figureFileBig=/xawZDgBsbDAb9h6Cp300g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986267765240648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of depressive symptoms among participants with different demographic and occupational characteristics[n=1 988,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别抑郁症状χ2值P
工种医生313(27.9)212(24.5)7.5380.007
护士811(72.2)652(75.5)
性别男性102(9.1)112(13.0)7.6880.006
女性1 022(90.9)752(87.0)
婚姻状况单身304(27.1)207(24.0)5.7780.216
恋爱同居8(0.7)11(1.3)
已婚792(70.5)631(73.0)
离异/丧偶20(1.8)15(1.7)
子女情况408(36.3)260(30.1)15.4750.004
独生子女239(21.2)216(25.0)
二胎300(26.7)273(31.6)
三胎79(7.0)45(5.2)
三胎及以上98(8.7)70(8.1)
教育背景高中及以下297(26.4)172(19.9)16.073<0.001
本科799(71.1)653(75.6)
研究生及以上28(2.49)39(4.5)
工龄(年)<1108(9.6)42(4.9)24.803<0.001
1~3180(16.0)117(13.5)
4~10402(35.8)355(41.1)
11~19270(24.0)242(28.0)
≥20164(14.6)108(12.5)
夜班次数(次)0435(38.7)256(29.6)22.661<0.001
1~2117(10.4)77(8.9)
3~493(8.3)82(9.5)
5~6479(42.6)449(52.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986268084007760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

医务人员不同特征间抑郁症状水平比较[n=1 988,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别抑郁症状χ2值P
工种医生313(27.9)212(24.5)7.5380.007
护士811(72.2)652(75.5)
性别男性102(9.1)112(13.0)7.6880.006
女性1 022(90.9)752(87.0)
婚姻状况单身304(27.1)207(24.0)5.7780.216
恋爱同居8(0.7)11(1.3)
已婚792(70.5)631(73.0)
离异/丧偶20(1.8)15(1.7)
子女情况408(36.3)260(30.1)15.4750.004
独生子女239(21.2)216(25.0)
二胎300(26.7)273(31.6)
三胎79(7.0)45(5.2)
三胎及以上98(8.7)70(8.1)
教育背景高中及以下297(26.4)172(19.9)16.073<0.001
本科799(71.1)653(75.6)
研究生及以上28(2.49)39(4.5)
工龄(年)<1108(9.6)42(4.9)24.803<0.001
1~3180(16.0)117(13.5)
4~10402(35.8)355(41.1)
11~19270(24.0)242(28.0)
≥20164(14.6)108(12.5)
夜班次数(次)0435(38.7)256(29.6)22.661<0.001
1~2117(10.4)77(8.9)
3~493(8.3)82(9.5)
5~6479(42.6)449(52.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986268641850200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The correlations among depressive symptoms, occupational fatigue, occupational stress, WOF, and WOF types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量1234567
1.职业性疲劳1
2.抑郁症状0.5251
3.职业紧张0.5430.7981
4.工作适配-0.432-0.395-0.2591
5.PTF-0.465-0.529-0.4310.5931
6.NSF-0.453-0.500-0.4280.5800.6901
7.DAF-0.270-0.345-0.2580.4960.5200.3731
), ArticleFig(id=1240986268776067934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

抑郁症状、职业性疲劳、职业紧张、工作适配及其适配类型的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量1234567
1.职业性疲劳1
2.抑郁症状0.5251
3.职业紧张0.5430.7981
4.工作适配-0.432-0.395-0.2591
5.PTF-0.465-0.529-0.4310.5931
6.NSF-0.453-0.500-0.4280.5800.6901
7.DAF-0.270-0.345-0.2580.4960.5200.3731
), ArticleFig(id=1240986269359076205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Hierarchical multiple regression analysis of the associations of occupational stress, WOF, and occupational fatigue with depressive symptoms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3模型4
BVIFBVIFBVIFBVIF
性别(女)-1.2951.01-0.4471.020.0661.03-0.1801.04
年龄(年)-0.1173.71-0.0693.730.0063.830.0343.89
婚姻情况-0.1071.6-0.3891.60-0.2711.61-0.2091.63
教育背景1.1121.04-0.3931.07-0.2661.09-0.1801.11
工龄(年)1.2154.310.7744.320.0204.40-0.0924.43
职业性疲劳1.1321.060.1261.670.0771.72
职业紧张0.6571.440.6171.59
工作适配-0.1941.30-0.0912.07
PTF-0.3482.51
NSF-0.1482.21
DAF-0.1251.51
R20.0170.2790.6520.693
Adj-R20.0150.2770.6510.692
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
VIF值2.332.132.052.15
RMSE值7.3876.3504.4114.148
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工作适配、职业紧张、职业性疲劳和抑郁症状的逐步回归分析

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变量模型1模型2模型3模型4
BVIFBVIFBVIFBVIF
性别(女)-1.2951.01-0.4471.020.0661.03-0.1801.04
年龄(年)-0.1173.71-0.0693.730.0063.830.0343.89
婚姻情况-0.1071.6-0.3891.60-0.2711.61-0.2091.63
教育背景1.1121.04-0.3931.07-0.2661.09-0.1801.11
工龄(年)1.2154.310.7744.320.0204.40-0.0924.43
职业性疲劳1.1321.060.1261.670.0771.72
职业紧张0.6571.440.6171.59
工作适配-0.1941.30-0.0912.07
PTF-0.3482.51
NSF-0.1482.21
DAF-0.1251.51
R20.0170.2790.6520.693
Adj-R20.0150.2770.6510.692
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
VIF值2.332.132.052.15
RMSE值7.3876.3504.4114.148
), ArticleFig(id=1240986269606540158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The mediating role of occupational stress, WOF, and WOF types in the associations between occupational fatigue and depressive symptoms

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M1效应路径βBCa 95%CI效应占比(%)
下限上限
工作适配总间接效应1.0160.9381.09690.1
间接效应:职业性疲劳→工作适配→抑郁0.1720.1440.20215.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.8240.7440.90773.1
间接效应:职业性疲劳→工作适配→职业紧张→抑郁0.0200.0160.0391.8
PTF总间接效应0.9980.9201.08688.5
间接效应:职业性疲劳→PTF→抑郁0.2090.1740.24618.5
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.6350.5590.71256.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→PTF→职业紧张→抑郁0.1540.1230.18913.7
NSF总间接效应0.9670.8861.04785.8
间接效应:职业性疲劳→NSF→抑郁0.1690.1350.20415.0
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.6460.5720.72157.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→NSF→职业紧张→抑郁0.1520.1210.18613.5
DAF总间接效应0.9030.8240.98480.1
间接效应:职业性疲劳→DAF→抑郁0.0530.0350.0724.7
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.8260.7480.90773.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→DAF→职业紧张→抑郁0.0250.0160.0362.2
), ArticleFig(id=1240986269942084489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972425232437760, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

医务人员工作适配、职业紧张在疲劳与抑郁症状间效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
M1效应路径βBCa 95%CI效应占比(%)
下限上限
工作适配总间接效应1.0160.9381.09690.1
间接效应:职业性疲劳→工作适配→抑郁0.1720.1440.20215.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.8240.7440.90773.1
间接效应:职业性疲劳→工作适配→职业紧张→抑郁0.0200.0160.0391.8
PTF总间接效应0.9980.9201.08688.5
间接效应:职业性疲劳→PTF→抑郁0.2090.1740.24618.5
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.6350.5590.71256.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→PTF→职业紧张→抑郁0.1540.1230.18913.7
NSF总间接效应0.9670.8861.04785.8
间接效应:职业性疲劳→NSF→抑郁0.1690.1350.20415.0
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.6460.5720.72157.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→NSF→职业紧张→抑郁0.1520.1210.18613.5
DAF总间接效应0.9030.8240.98480.1
间接效应:职业性疲劳→DAF→抑郁0.0530.0350.0724.7
间接效应:职业性疲劳→职业紧张→抑郁0.8260.7480.90773.3
间接效应:职业性疲劳→DAF→职业紧张→抑郁0.0250.0160.0362.2
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工作适配、职业紧张在医务人员职业性疲劳和抑郁症状间的链式中介效应分析
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孙瑞灿 1 , 吕柯瑶 2 , 陈小方 3 , 兰亚佳 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(9): 1665-1670
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(9): 1665-1670
工作适配、职业紧张在医务人员职业性疲劳和抑郁症状间的链式中介效应分析
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孙瑞灿1 , 吕柯瑶2, 陈小方3, 兰亚佳3
作者信息
  • 1.成都医学院公共卫生学院,四川 成都 610500
  • 2.绵阳市疾病预防控制中心职业与放射预防控制所
  • 3.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
  • 孙瑞灿(1992—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:职业紧张理论研究,职业紧张与健康关系研究

通讯作者:

孙瑞灿,E-mail:
Analysis of chain mediating effect of job adaptation and occupational stress between occupational fatigue and depression in medical staff
Rui-can SUN1 , Ke-yao LV2, Xiao-fang CHEN3, Ya-jia LAN3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310131
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目的

探讨工作适配、职业紧张在职业性疲劳与抑郁症状间链式介导关系。

方法

采用分层整群抽样法,以四川省医务人员为研究对象。采用Pearson相关分析、逐步回归模型及Bootstrap法分析工作适配、职业紧张、职业性疲劳和抑郁症状间关系及其链式中介效应。

结果

本研究共纳入研究对象1 988人,其中43.5%(864/1 988)的医务人员存在抑郁症状,重度抑郁症状者占比为6.5%(130/1 988);31.1%(618/1 988)的医务人员具有职业性疲劳症状,工作适配水平为(31.6±7.1)。逐步回归分析显示,在工作适配、适配类型与职业紧张进入模型后,该模型对抑郁症状的解释度分别增加了37.3%和41.4%。中介效应分析显示,工作适配、职业紧张在职业性疲劳和抑郁症状关系间存在链式中介效应,链式中介效应占比为1.80%(β=0.020,Bias corrected and accelerated 95%CI: 0.016~0.039)。

结论

医务人员抑郁症状的发生不仅受职业性疲劳的影响,同时工作适配和职业紧张也会对两者间关系产生链式中介作用。

抑郁症状  /  职业性疲劳  /  工作适配  /  职业紧张  /  链式中介作用
Objective

To explore the chain-mediated relationship between worker occupation fit (WOF) and occupational stress between occupational fatigue and depressive symptoms.

Methods

The method of stratified cluster sampling was used to study the medical staff in Sichuan Province. Pearson correlation analysis, stepwise regression model, and bootstrap method were used to analyze the relationship and chain mediating effect among WOF, occupational stress, occupational fatigue, and depression.

Results

In total 1 988 subjects were enrolled in this study, of which 43.5% (864/1 988) had depressive symptoms, and 6.5%(130/1 988) had severe depressive symptoms; 31.1% (618/1 988) had occupational fatigue symptoms, and the WOF level was 31.6±7.1. Stepwise regression analysis showed that with WOF, WOF type and occupational stress added to the model, the explanation of depressive symptoms in the model increased by 37.3% and 41.4%, respectively. Intermediary effect analysis showed that WOF and occupational stress had chain mediating effect between occupational fatigue and depressive symptoms, and the proportion of chain mediating effect was 1.80% (β = 0.020, bias corrected and accelerated 95%CI: 0.016-0.039).

Conclusion

The occurrence of depressive symptoms in medical staff is not only affected by occupational fatigue but also mediated by WOF and occupational stress.

Depressive symptoms  /  Occupational fatigue  /  WOF  /  Occupational stress  /  Chain mediation
孙瑞灿, 吕柯瑶, 陈小方, 兰亚佳. 工作适配、职业紧张在医务人员职业性疲劳和抑郁症状间的链式中介效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1665 -1670 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310131
Rui-can SUN, Ke-yao LV, Xiao-fang CHEN, Ya-jia LAN. Analysis of chain mediating effect of job adaptation and occupational stress between occupational fatigue and depression in medical staff[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1665 -1670 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310131
世界卫生组织报告显示,23%~46%的医务人员在COVID-19大流行期间出现了职业相关抑郁症状[1]。世界卫生组织将重度抑郁症(major depressive disorder, MDD)列为全球疾病负担的第三大原因,预计到2030年MDD将位居第一[2]。我国抑郁症患病率为2.10%[3],医务人员的抑郁症状发生率普遍比较高。早期识别抑郁症状,探索抑郁症发生的内在机理,对维护医护人员心理健康屏障,持续提供优质医疗服务,具有重要意义。在疲劳致抑郁症状的关系中,过往研究更多关注产后疲劳与抑郁症发生风险[4],及患者群体在患病过程中疲劳致抑郁症状的关系探索[5-6]。部分研究关注到劳动者的职业性疲劳与抑郁症状的关系研究[7]。Huibers等人[8]针对公司职员群体开展了四年的随访,研究发现职业性疲劳的存在与抑郁症的发生密切相关,且伴随研究时间延长,两者间关系更为明确,且可能存在双向效应作用。
工作适配(worker occupation fit)旨在评价劳动者的认知程度、技术能力和需求与职业环境所秉持的价值观、要求及供应间的适应与匹配水平[9]。工作适配是基于传统理论,即个人-环境匹配论(person environment fit, PEF)原则,围绕职业卫生研究目标所提出的衍生概念。随着社会结构的变化和工作模式的持续改革,工作适配与劳动者个人结局的交互作用更有可能导致职业健康问题,这对劳动者心理健康状态的影响尤为突出[10]。个体工作适配水平与职业健康,特别是职业紧张、职业性疲劳及抑郁症间的关系研究开展较少。既往研究发现,工作适配与职业紧张间具有密切关联[11],工作适配不良对抑郁症状、焦虑症状间存在直接效应作用[12]。除抑郁症状和职业紧张外,医务人员的职业性疲劳也是损害医务人员职业健康和职业生命质量的关键因素[13],但目前抑郁症状、职业性疲劳、工作适配与职业紧张的关系尚未得到系统探索,对医务人员职业心理健康的维护与管理造成阻碍。
本研究理论模型如图1所示,以验证四种研究假设。H1:医务人员职业性疲劳与抑郁症状相关;H2:工作适配及其适配类型介导了职业性疲劳与抑郁症状间关系;H3:职业紧张介导了职业性疲劳与抑郁症状间关系;H4:工作适配与职业紧张在职业性疲劳与抑郁症状间存在链式中介效应。本研究旨在进一步剖析职业性疲劳和抑郁症状关系的发生机制,为医务人员的职业健康促进与心理健康管理提供理论参考。
本研究为横断面研究,以四川省三甲医院医务人员为研究对象。自2022年7—12月,采用分层整群抽样法,以四家不同类型的医院为目标单位,医院类型包含三甲综合性医院、儿童医院、精神病院和传染病院。研究对象的纳入标准为:(1)自愿参与本研究;(2)年龄≥18岁;(3)3个月内未服用精神类药物或睡眠障碍抑制药物。排除标准为:(1)外出进修及请病/事假者;(2)调查问卷填写未满80%者。本研究经四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院伦理委员会审批同意(批号:Gwll2021070),研究对象均已签署知情同意书。
基本情况主要包含研究对象的人口学特征和职业特征,包括工种(医生或护士)、性别(女性或男性)、教育背景(高中及以下、本科或研究生及以上)、工龄(1~3、4~10、11~19和≥20年)、夜班次数/月(0、1~2、3~4和5~6次)、婚姻状态(单身、恋爱同居、已婚、离异/丧偶)、子女情况(无、独生子女、二胎、三胎、三胎及以上)等内容。
职业性疲劳的测量采用英国心理医学研究所Tudie与Berelowitz研究组共同编制的疲劳量表(fatigue scale,FS-14)[14],该量表结构成熟且应用广泛。FS-14主要应用于评价成人疲劳程度,得分越高,表明疲劳水平越高,该量表可分别评价脑力疲劳与体力疲劳。量表共14条目,包含躯体疲劳8项和脑力疲劳6项,疲劳的总分值为脑力疲劳与躯体疲劳的得分之和,其中10、13、14条目为反向计分。在调查过程中,问卷填写场景设定为职业场所,并对研究对象说明问卷中对应的疲劳症状自评均应源于职业因素。FS-14量表的Cronbach α为0.934。
抑郁症状和职业紧张的测量采用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(depressive-anxiety-stress scale, DASS-21),该量表由Lovibond等人[15]编制。该量表已较为普遍地应用于临床心理疾患评估及流行病学病例筛查[16]。本研究使用抑郁和紧张分量表,每个分量表为7条目,每个条目评分范围为0(根本不会发生)~3(每天发生)。每个分量表的最高得分为21分,最低得分为0分;得分越高,说明紧张和抑郁水平就越高。对于职业紧张的评估,我们要求研究对象考虑来自于职业环境的紧张源,并将其反映在量表中。总量表的Cronbach α为0.934,紧张分量表的Cronbach α为0.868。
工作适配水平评价方式采用Molar法[17],即对劳动者与职业环境适配度的主观感知性进行评估。工作适配量表(worker occupation fit inventory, WOFI)由三个分量表组成,同时也是工作适配的三种适配类型,即素质-能力适配(personal-traits fit, PTF)、需求-供应适配(need-supply fit, NSF)和要求-能力适配(demand-ability fit, DAF)[18]。WOFI共9条目,每个分量表3条目,评分范畴为1(完全不适配)~5(完全适配)。WOFI最高45分,最低9分;分量表最高得分15分,最低3分;分数越高说明劳动者工作适配水平越高。在本研究中,总量表的Cronbach α为0.888,子量表的Cronbach α分别为0.790、0.848和0.895。重测信度为0.897(30日间隔),说明WOFI具有良好的信度和效度。
本研究以抑郁症状为因变量(Y),以职业性疲劳为自变量(X),以工作适配及其适配类型作为第一中介因素(M1),以职业紧张作为第二中介因素(M2)。描述性分析使用频数(n)和频率(%)表示。职业性疲劳、抑郁症状、工作适配和职业紧张的相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析。采用层次回归分析分析工作适配和职业紧张、职业性疲劳对抑郁症状作用影响。将混杂因素(包含性别、年龄、教育背景及工龄等)纳入模型1;职业性疲劳进入模型2;职业紧张进入模型3;工作适配及适配类型(PTF、NSF、DAF)进入模型4。自变量与因变量的相关强度和相关方向用B值表示,方差膨胀系数(variance inflation factor,VIF)评价多元线性回归模型中共线性问题,调整R2(Adjusted R2,Adj-R2)和均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)评价理论模型的拟合优度。使用偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap法进行链式中介效应分析,重复抽取样本5 000次,以计算偏差校正效应百分位估计的95%置信区间(Bias corrected and accelerated 95%CI, BCa 95%CI)。当置信区间不包含0时,表示该路径有显著的中介效应。使用Epidata建立数据集,使用Mplus 8.0和R统计分析软件进行数据分析。检验水准α=0.05。
在本研究1 988名医务人员中,43.5%(864/1 988)存在抑郁症状,其中轻度抑郁症状占比为18.3%(363/1 988),中度抑郁症状的占比为18.7%(371/1 988),重度抑郁症状的占比为6.5%(130/1 988),不同特征间抑郁水平比较如表1所示。研究对象中31.1%(618/1 988)的医务人员具有职业性疲劳,职业性疲劳水平为(21.2±3.5);42.5%(845/1 988)存在不同程度的职业紧张;工作适配水平为(31.6±7.1)。
表2可知,职业性疲劳与抑郁症状呈正相关(r=0.525,P<0.001);职业紧张与抑郁症状呈正相关(r=0.798,P<0.001)。工作适配与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.395,P<0.001)。
抑郁症状的逐步回归模型分析如表3所示。在模型1中,将人口学特征和职业特征变量作为调整变量引入方程,结果显示,性别、年龄、婚姻情况、教育背景、工龄均与抑郁症状水平存在关联,以上变量对抑郁症状的解释度为1.5%(Adj-R2=0.015,RMSE=7.387)。在模型2中,职业性疲劳对抑郁症状的解释度为27.7%(Adj-R2=0.277,RMSE=6.350)。在模型3中,研究结果支持了职业紧张与抑郁症状呈正相关,职业紧张对抑郁症状存在正向影响(B=0.657,Adj-R2= 0.651、RMSE=4.411、P<0.001)。在模型4中,工作适配及其适配类型对抑郁症状呈负相关,模型解释度为69.2%(Adj-R2=0.692,RMSE=4.148)。
Bootstrap分析结果如表4图2所示,以M1为工作适配的链式中介效应模型中,总间接效应为1.016,工作适配与职业紧张的链式中介作用显著,区间不包含0(β=0.020, 95%CI:0.016~0.039),链式中介效应比为1.8%。在M1设定为工作适配类型(PTF、NSF、DAF)的链式中介效应模型中,所涉及的链式中介路径均成立,区间均不包含0。其中,PTF和职业紧张的链式中介效应占比为13.7%,NSF和职业紧张的链式中介效应占比为10.7%,DAF和职业紧张的链式中介效应占比为2.2%。
在快节奏和高强度的工作环境中,由于医务相关工作者职业任务的特殊性,医务人员已然成为抑郁症状和职业性疲劳的高发人群[19-20],该职业人群的工作适配现状也愈来愈受到关注。近年来,工作适配不良成为新型职业心理疾患危害因素,且良好的工作适配状态又是职业心理健康的保护因素,该发现提示工作适配可以作为调节职业心理疾患的积极社会心理干预措施。加之,医务人员对疾病状态认知度高,认知性准确,作为研究人群更有价值。因此,探讨医务人员工作适配与职业紧张对职业性疲劳和抑郁症状的影响,对深入了解抑郁症状的内在发生机制及干预策略的进一步完善具有一定的指导作用。
医务人员的抑郁症状、职业性疲劳均处于较高水平,抑郁症状检出率高于其他职业群体,本研究结论与现有文献报道结果基本一致[21-22]。职业性疲劳的存在会增加抑郁症状的发生风险,即职业性疲劳可以作为抑郁症状出现的早期识别指标,是抑郁症状发生的重要影响因素。工作适配、职业紧张分别是职业性疲劳和抑郁症状的中介因素,同时在两者关系中存在链式中介。既往研究表明,职业紧张可以通过累积性疲劳的中介作用直接或间接影响抑郁症状[23]。当医务人员面临任务所致的短期工作负荷超载,长期遭受职业性疲劳困扰,导致工作适配不良,进而诱发抑郁症状或提高抑郁症发生风险。医务人员发生职业性疲劳,导致该劳动者工作的素质、需求、能力无法与职业环境有效匹配,长期处于职业紧张状态,最终导致抑郁症状的发生。系统探索工作适配、职业紧张、职业疲劳和抑郁症状间的关系机制,探讨积极心理预测因素和中介因素在职业疲劳和抑郁症状干预中的作用,有助于出台较为全面、有效的心理健康管理措施。
本研究依然存在一定研究局限性。一方面,本研究采用横断面研究,对系统探讨工作适配、职业紧张、职业性疲劳和抑郁症状的因果关系存在局限;另一方面,考虑到医务人员的工作特征具有代表性,进而选取医务人员作为目标人群,但也造成研究结果的推广存在局限。后续研究会扩大职业人群类别,进一步深入研究工作适配、职业紧张、职业性疲劳和抑郁症状的关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(89073521)
  • 四川省科技计划资助(MZGC20230027)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310131
  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
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国家自然科学基金项目(89073521)
四川省科技计划资助(MZGC20230027)
作者信息
    1.成都医学院公共卫生学院,四川 成都 610500
    2.绵阳市疾病预防控制中心职业与放射预防控制所
    3.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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