Article(id=1240972424762675664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.20240106, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704384000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800482215, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800482215, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800482215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800482215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1649, endPage=1653, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972425148551669, articleId=1240972424762675664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigation on the cognition of prescription right by public health doctors in Sichuan Province, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the attitude of public health physicians towards prescription rights, and to provide support and reference for further exploring the policy formulation and promotion of public health physicians’ prescription rights.

Methods

By using the key person method and snowball method, an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among public health doctors in all levels of disease prevention and control centers, hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals, grass-roots medical institutions, professional public health and other institutions in Sichuan Province. A total of 246 questionnaires about the current situation, cognition, influence, attitude, and suggestions of public health doctors on prescription rights were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.

Results

About 95% of the participants supported to give public health doctors the right of prescription, which was a sign of the identity of public health “doctors”, which could promote the integration of prevention and treatment, improve the efficiency and quality of the public health system, and improve the medical professional ability of public health doctors, so as to improve the quality and effect of public health. The lack of prescription power would reduce the medical professional recognition of public health physicians and the effectiveness of public health doctors in undertaking public health work. Most participants expressed their willingness to accept different forms of prescription rights.

Conclusion

The community of public health doctors has a high demand for prescription rights, and it is considered that the implementation of prescription rights of public health doctors is an important measure to improve the current situation of the separation of medical treatment and prevention of public health doctors and promote the high-quality development of public health doctors.

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目的

了解公共卫生医师群体对处方权的态度,为进一步探索赋予公共卫生医师处方权的政策制定和推动提供支撑和参考。

方法

采用关键人物法和滚雪球法,对四川省各级疾病预防控制中心、医院、妇幼保健院、基层医疗机构、专业公共卫生等多类机构的公共卫生医师开展在线横断面问卷调查。对246份问卷关于公卫医师对处方权现状、认知、影响、态度和建议进行定性、定量分析。

结果

约95%的参与者支持赋予公共卫生医师处方权,认为赋予处方权是对公共卫生“医师”身份认同的标志,可以促进防治结合,提升公共卫生体系的工作效率和质量,促进公共卫生医师医学专业能力提升,从而改善公共卫生工作的质量和效果;而没有处方权会降低医学同行对公共卫生医师医学专业性的认可以及公共卫生医师开展公共卫生工作的效果。对不同形式的处方权获得方式,多数参与者表示愿意接受。

结论

公共卫生医师群体对处方权的需求意愿高,认为推行公共卫生医师处方权是改善公共卫生医师医防分离现状,推动公共卫生医师高质量发展的一项重要措施。

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钟波,E-mail:
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王卓(1983—),女,博士,主任医师,研究方向:慢性病综合防控

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王卓(1983—),女,博士,主任医师,研究方向:慢性病综合防控

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Chinese Health Resources,2019, 22(3): 242-245., articleTitle=Policy evolution analysis on construction of Chinese public health physician system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986281824539125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=6, issue=32, pageStart=197, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=付翠娥, 郭念玉, 赵爱霞, journalName=临床医药文献电子杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=付翠娥, 郭念玉, 赵爱霞.公共卫生医师发展现状及改革探讨[J].临床医药文献电子杂志20196(32):197., articleTitle=公共卫生医师发展现状及改革探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986282017477112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=6, issue=32, pageStart=197, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Fu CE, Guo NY, Zhao AX, journalName=Journal of Clinical Medical Literature(Electronic Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu CE, Guo NY, Zhao AX. Discussion on the development status and reform of public health physicians[J]. Journal of Clinical Medical Literature(Electronic Edition), 2019, 6(32): 197., articleTitle=Discussion on the development status and reform of public health physicians, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986257396912867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986257405301477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, companyId=1240986257396912867, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986257413690086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, companyId=1240986257396912867, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986258105750270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, companyId=1240986258084778750, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986258189636356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, xref=7., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986258198024966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, companyId=1240986258189636356, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7.成都医学院公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986273263964500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution of respondents’ addresses, departments, job titles, and work orientations, figureFileSmall=N7iAUIDYjg+14swLccCnQg==, figureFileBig=koFa6Sdu1+OiYPINawXhLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986273377210718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=CN, label=图1, caption=调查对象地址、部门、职务、工作方向分布, figureFileSmall=N7iAUIDYjg+14swLccCnQg==, figureFileBig=koFa6Sdu1+OiYPINawXhLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986273515622756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The scope, granting process, and other suggested word clouds of public health physicians’ prescription rights, figureFileSmall=H0DH4pelhR4cClkDapAk+Q==, figureFileBig=HVbcOMpPcoQ2YiBuK5GmEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986273708560746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=CN, label=图2, caption=公卫医师处方权的范围、授予流程以及其他建议词云图, figureFileSmall=H0DH4pelhR4cClkDapAk+Q==, figureFileBig=HVbcOMpPcoQ2YiBuK5GmEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986273905693040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of survey respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人数百分比(%)
性别
11446.34
13253.66
年龄(岁)
<305020.33
30~399940.24
40~495923.98
≥503815.45
工作卫生机构类别
疾病预防控制中心13856.10
社区卫生服务中心3614.63
乡镇卫生院3112.60
其他基层医疗卫生机构a208.13
妇幼保健院135.28
综合/专科医院2610.57
其他b93.66
工作时长(年)
<10135.28
10~1910542.68
20~294618.70
≥308233.33
医师职称
公卫助理医师2710.98
公卫医师7831.71
公卫主管医师7731.30
公卫副主任医师5221.14
公卫主任医师124.88
), ArticleFig(id=1240986274010550645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人数百分比(%)
性别
11446.34
13253.66
年龄(岁)
<305020.33
30~399940.24
40~495923.98
≥503815.45
工作卫生机构类别
疾病预防控制中心13856.10
社区卫生服务中心3614.63
乡镇卫生院3112.60
其他基层医疗卫生机构a208.13
妇幼保健院135.28
综合/专科医院2610.57
其他b93.66
工作时长(年)
<10135.28
10~1910542.68
20~294618.70
≥308233.33
医师职称
公卫助理医师2710.98
公卫医师7831.71
公卫主管医师7731.30
公卫副主任医师5221.14
公卫主任医师124.88
), ArticleFig(id=1240986274111213946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of respondents’ educational background [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
教育经历*预防医学a临床医学b基础医学其他医学专业护理非医学专业
专科45(18.29)37(15.04)18(7.32)11(4.47)12(4.88)2(0.81)
本科177(71.95)41(16.67)18(7.32)8(3.25)16(6.5)7(2.85)
硕士69(28.05)9(3.66)5(2.03)3(1.22)2(0.81)6(2.44)
博士17(6.91)11(4.47)3(1.22)2(0.81)3(1.22)1(0.41)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986274362872186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

调查对象教育经历分布情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
教育经历*预防医学a临床医学b基础医学其他医学专业护理非医学专业
专科45(18.29)37(15.04)18(7.32)11(4.47)12(4.88)2(0.81)
本科177(71.95)41(16.67)18(7.32)8(3.25)16(6.5)7(2.85)
硕士69(28.05)9(3.66)5(2.03)3(1.22)2(0.81)6(2.44)
博士17(6.91)11(4.47)3(1.22)2(0.81)3(1.22)1(0.41)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986274589364606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Current status, cognition, attitude, expected effect and suggestions of public health physicians’ prescription rights

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号项目赞成/“是”人数有效填写人数%
1您在工作中能否开处方(药品)3324613.41
2您在工作中能否开检查单4224617.07
3您在工作中能否开诊断单3224613.01
4公卫医师首先应是合格的医师,在此基础上,专业(专科)是公共卫生23724696.34
5赋予处方权,是对公共卫生“医师”身份认同的标志(核心)23724696.34
6支持赋予公卫医师处方权23324694.72
7公卫医师针对自身工作范围,到二级(县级)及以上医院相关临床科室进修,经过考试合格后,授予相应范围处方权23024693.50
8公卫医师通过参加全科医学培训(一年期)合格后授予处方权22324690.65
9公卫医师规范化培训合格后授予处方权22424691.06
10现有的临床医师处方管理模式,可以借鉴用于公卫医师处方管理23024693.50
11授予处方权能让更多医学生选择从事公卫医师职业,提升公卫医师数量和质量23224694.31
12授予处方权能让更多公卫医师留在公卫医师岗位,减少公卫医师队伍人员流失22824692.68
13授予处方权,可以促进防治结合23924697.15
14授予处方权可以提升公共卫生体系的工作效率和质量,促进人群健康水平提升23824696.75
15授予处方权可以促进公卫医师医学专业能力提升,从而改善公共卫生工作的质量和效果20620998.56
16无处方权疏远了公卫医师与患者公众的联系22724692.28
17无处方权降低了患者公众对公卫医师的信任和依从23324694.72
18无处方权降低了医学同行对公卫医师医学专业性的认可23424695.12
19无处方权造成公卫医师自身职业价值危机和医学专业性认同危机23024693.50
20无处方权造成公卫医师资源的浪费23324694.72
21无处方权影响了公卫医师开展公共卫生工作的效果23524695.53
22无处方权导致公卫医师缺乏临床实践,从而影响了公共卫生医师医学专业能力的提高19420992.82
), ArticleFig(id=1240986274820051334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

公卫医师处方权的使用现状、认知、态度、预期效果和建议

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号项目赞成/“是”人数有效填写人数%
1您在工作中能否开处方(药品)3324613.41
2您在工作中能否开检查单4224617.07
3您在工作中能否开诊断单3224613.01
4公卫医师首先应是合格的医师,在此基础上,专业(专科)是公共卫生23724696.34
5赋予处方权,是对公共卫生“医师”身份认同的标志(核心)23724696.34
6支持赋予公卫医师处方权23324694.72
7公卫医师针对自身工作范围,到二级(县级)及以上医院相关临床科室进修,经过考试合格后,授予相应范围处方权23024693.50
8公卫医师通过参加全科医学培训(一年期)合格后授予处方权22324690.65
9公卫医师规范化培训合格后授予处方权22424691.06
10现有的临床医师处方管理模式,可以借鉴用于公卫医师处方管理23024693.50
11授予处方权能让更多医学生选择从事公卫医师职业,提升公卫医师数量和质量23224694.31
12授予处方权能让更多公卫医师留在公卫医师岗位,减少公卫医师队伍人员流失22824692.68
13授予处方权,可以促进防治结合23924697.15
14授予处方权可以提升公共卫生体系的工作效率和质量,促进人群健康水平提升23824696.75
15授予处方权可以促进公卫医师医学专业能力提升,从而改善公共卫生工作的质量和效果20620998.56
16无处方权疏远了公卫医师与患者公众的联系22724692.28
17无处方权降低了患者公众对公卫医师的信任和依从23324694.72
18无处方权降低了医学同行对公卫医师医学专业性的认可23424695.12
19无处方权造成公卫医师自身职业价值危机和医学专业性认同危机23024693.50
20无处方权造成公卫医师资源的浪费23324694.72
21无处方权影响了公卫医师开展公共卫生工作的效果23524695.53
22无处方权导致公卫医师缺乏临床实践,从而影响了公共卫生医师医学专业能力的提高19420992.82
), ArticleFig(id=1240986274937491852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Survey object word cloud map ranking [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
词云图分布主题第一顺位第二顺位第三顺位第四顺位第五顺位
调查对象地址成都
100(40.65)
自贡
34(13.82)
凉山
19(7.72)
绵阳
13(5.28)
达州
10(4.07)
调查对象部门公共卫生
25(10.16)
慢病科
20(8.13)
办公室
16(6.50)
保健
11(4.47)
卫生室
9(3.66)
调查对象职务科长
36(14.63)
科员
32(13.01)
主任
30(12.20)
公卫
12(4.88)
医生
9(3.66)
调查对象工作方向传染病
81(32.93)
卫生
69(28.05)
管理
61(24.80)
慢病
43(17.48)
健康
35(14.23)
范围建议传染病
92(37.40)
慢性病
51(20.73)
营养
30(12.20)
职业病
23(9.35)
治疗
15(6.10)
授予流程建议培训
75(30.49)
考核
49(19.92)
合格
43(17.48)
规培
18(7.32)
临床医师
8(3.25)
其他建议处方权/医师/公卫/临床
95(38.62)
尽快/授予
20(8.13)
加强/学习
18(7.32)
建议/希望/范围
17(6.91)
内容
4(1.63)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986275033960849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972424762675664, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

调查对象词云图排序[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
词云图分布主题第一顺位第二顺位第三顺位第四顺位第五顺位
调查对象地址成都
100(40.65)
自贡
34(13.82)
凉山
19(7.72)
绵阳
13(5.28)
达州
10(4.07)
调查对象部门公共卫生
25(10.16)
慢病科
20(8.13)
办公室
16(6.50)
保健
11(4.47)
卫生室
9(3.66)
调查对象职务科长
36(14.63)
科员
32(13.01)
主任
30(12.20)
公卫
12(4.88)
医生
9(3.66)
调查对象工作方向传染病
81(32.93)
卫生
69(28.05)
管理
61(24.80)
慢病
43(17.48)
健康
35(14.23)
范围建议传染病
92(37.40)
慢性病
51(20.73)
营养
30(12.20)
职业病
23(9.35)
治疗
15(6.10)
授予流程建议培训
75(30.49)
考核
49(19.92)
合格
43(17.48)
规培
18(7.32)
临床医师
8(3.25)
其他建议处方权/医师/公卫/临床
95(38.62)
尽快/授予
20(8.13)
加强/学习
18(7.32)
建议/希望/范围
17(6.91)
内容
4(1.63)
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四川省公共卫生医师对处方权认知的调查
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王卓 1 , 邹锟 2 , 曾智 3 , 查雨欣 1 , 何予晋 1 , 胡狄慧 1 , 秦小雲 1 , 左根永 4 , 唐尚峰 5 , 刘毅 6 , 杨艾茜 7 , 陈建 7 , 李佳圆 6 , 陈芙君 6 , 杨珉 6 , 吴先萍 1 , 钟波 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(9): 1649-1653
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(9): 1649-1653
四川省公共卫生医师对处方权认知的调查
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王卓1, 邹锟2, 曾智3, 查雨欣1, 何予晋1, 胡狄慧1, 秦小雲1, 左根永4, 唐尚峰5, 刘毅6, 杨艾茜7, 陈建7, 李佳圆6, 陈芙君6, 杨珉6, 吴先萍1, 钟波1
作者信息
  • 1.四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西第二医院/华西妇产儿童医院
  • 3.中国疾病预防控制中心
  • 4.山东大学公共卫生学院/山东大学卫生管理和政策研究中心
  • 5.华中科技大学医药卫生管理学院
  • 6.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
  • 7.成都医学院公共卫生学院
  • 王卓(1983—),女,博士,主任医师,研究方向:慢性病综合防控

通讯作者:

钟波,E-mail:
Investigation on the cognition of prescription right by public health doctors in Sichuan Province
Zhuo WANG1, Kun ZOU2, Zhi ZENG3, Yu-xin CHA1, Yu-jin HE1, Di-hui HU1, Xiao-yun QIN1, Gen-yong ZUO4, Shang-feng TANG5, Yi LIU6, Ai-qian YANG7, Jian CHEN7, Jia-yuan LI6, Fu-jun CHEN6, Min YANG6, Xian-ping WU1, Bo ZHONG1
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.20240106
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目的

了解公共卫生医师群体对处方权的态度,为进一步探索赋予公共卫生医师处方权的政策制定和推动提供支撑和参考。

方法

采用关键人物法和滚雪球法,对四川省各级疾病预防控制中心、医院、妇幼保健院、基层医疗机构、专业公共卫生等多类机构的公共卫生医师开展在线横断面问卷调查。对246份问卷关于公卫医师对处方权现状、认知、影响、态度和建议进行定性、定量分析。

结果

约95%的参与者支持赋予公共卫生医师处方权,认为赋予处方权是对公共卫生“医师”身份认同的标志,可以促进防治结合,提升公共卫生体系的工作效率和质量,促进公共卫生医师医学专业能力提升,从而改善公共卫生工作的质量和效果;而没有处方权会降低医学同行对公共卫生医师医学专业性的认可以及公共卫生医师开展公共卫生工作的效果。对不同形式的处方权获得方式,多数参与者表示愿意接受。

结论

公共卫生医师群体对处方权的需求意愿高,认为推行公共卫生医师处方权是改善公共卫生医师医防分离现状,推动公共卫生医师高质量发展的一项重要措施。

公共卫生  /  医师  /  处方权  /  横断面调查
Objective

To understand the attitude of public health physicians towards prescription rights, and to provide support and reference for further exploring the policy formulation and promotion of public health physicians’ prescription rights.

Methods

By using the key person method and snowball method, an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among public health doctors in all levels of disease prevention and control centers, hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals, grass-roots medical institutions, professional public health and other institutions in Sichuan Province. A total of 246 questionnaires about the current situation, cognition, influence, attitude, and suggestions of public health doctors on prescription rights were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.

Results

About 95% of the participants supported to give public health doctors the right of prescription, which was a sign of the identity of public health “doctors”, which could promote the integration of prevention and treatment, improve the efficiency and quality of the public health system, and improve the medical professional ability of public health doctors, so as to improve the quality and effect of public health. The lack of prescription power would reduce the medical professional recognition of public health physicians and the effectiveness of public health doctors in undertaking public health work. Most participants expressed their willingness to accept different forms of prescription rights.

Conclusion

The community of public health doctors has a high demand for prescription rights, and it is considered that the implementation of prescription rights of public health doctors is an important measure to improve the current situation of the separation of medical treatment and prevention of public health doctors and promote the high-quality development of public health doctors.

Public Health  /  Physician  /  Prescription right  /  Cross sectional survey
王卓, 邹锟, 曾智, 查雨欣, 何予晋, 胡狄慧, 秦小雲, 左根永, 唐尚峰, 刘毅, 杨艾茜, 陈建, 李佳圆, 陈芙君, 杨珉, 吴先萍, 钟波. 四川省公共卫生医师对处方权认知的调查. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1649 -1653 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.20240106
Zhuo WANG, Kun ZOU, Zhi ZENG, Yu-xin CHA, Yu-jin HE, Di-hui HU, Xiao-yun QIN, Gen-yong ZUO, Shang-feng TANG, Yi LIU, Ai-qian YANG, Jian CHEN, Jia-yuan LI, Fu-jun CHEN, Min YANG, Xian-ping WU, Bo ZHONG. Investigation on the cognition of prescription right by public health doctors in Sichuan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1649 -1653 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.20240106
强大的公共卫生体系可以为维护人民健康提供有力保障,这也是公共卫生在保障人民健康重要地位上的体现。随着“健康中国”战略、 “十四五”国民健康规划的全面推开,不断扩大的基层医疗卫生服务项目、慢性病医防融合服务模式的探索、疫情防控的常态化管理等挑战都对公卫医师的能力提出了更高的要求[1]
但目前存在公共卫生医师队伍不稳定、能力不足等问题[2]。已报道的公卫医师队伍面临困境主要集中在,一是公卫医师的“医师”身份缺失,处方权缺失,临床医疗工作与公共卫生工作独立,专业能力弱化、专业认可度差[3];二是公卫医师的功能角色模糊、职能单一,“战时”公众对其防控传染病的身份有一定的认知,“平时”各界对于其大部分公共卫生职能的认知很少,专业方向不清晰、工作容易被取代;三是其在政策制定与评价、常见病与多发病防治、突发公共卫生事件处置等方面的能力未能得到重视和发挥[4]。为了提高公共卫生服务能力,健全公卫医师制度,2023年3月中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅印发了《关于进一步完善医疗卫生服务体系的意见》,指出要探索赋予公卫医师处方权[5]。为了更好的为公卫医师处方权政策实施提供参考,本研究从公卫医师群体对处方权态度的角度出发,在四川省公卫医师群体中开展了一轮针对处方权现状、认知、影响、态度和建议的调查。
本研究于2023年11月在四川省各级疾病预防控制中心、医院、妇幼保健院、基层医疗机构(社区卫生服务中心、乡镇卫生院、社区门诊等)、专业公共卫生等多类机构的公卫医师(包括公共卫生助理医师)中开展。
采用关键人物法和滚雪球法开展在线问卷调查。问卷设计基于文献回顾和课题组前期开展的公卫医师处方权影响机制质性研究[6-7],共包含5部分39个问题,具体为调查对象基本信息(11)、处方权现况(3)、认知和态度(9)、缺失影响(7)、相关建议(9),其中30个选择题,9个开放问题。
定量和定性相结合,定量数据利用R4.3.2统计软件进行描述性分析,统计指标包括均数、标准差、构成比等。定性数据采用Nvivo 12.0统计软件进行质性研究主题分析,绘制词云图,归纳公卫医师对处方权范围、赋予流程、管理机制建议等内容的频数构成比。
共调查的公卫医师246人,有效应答率100%。其中男性114人(46.34%),女性132人(53.66%);年龄30~39岁占40.24%;疾病预防控制中心占56.10%;工作年限10~19年占42.68%;初级医师占31.7%。见表1
本调查中公卫医师拥有的教育经历从高到低分别为预防医学、临床医学、基础医学、护理、其他医学专业、非医学专业。见表2
本调查四川成都参与者居多,见图图1A;工作部门主要为公共卫生科、慢病科、办公室等,见图图1B;工作职务主要为主任、科员等,见图图1C;工作方向主要为传染病、卫生管理、慢性病等,见图1D
超过95%的参与者认为赋予公卫医师处方权,是对公共卫生“医师”身份认同的标志,可在多方面促进公共卫生工作开展。超过90%的参与者支持赋予公卫医师处方权,支持多种形式的处方权获得方式,支持借鉴现有临床医师处方管理模式用于公卫医师处方管理。见表3
词云图分析显示,参与者希望赋予公卫医师处方权的方向包括传染病、慢性病、职业病、等公共卫生领域,见图图2A;对于授予流程,多数集中在培训、考核、考试、规培等途径,见图2B。其他建议还有希望加强公卫医师的学习、培训,以及希望尽快实施、授予公卫医师处方权等,见表4
中华人民共和国卫生部令第53号《处方管理办法》指出,处方是由注册的执业医师和执业助理医师在诊疗活动中为患者开具的、由取得药学专业技术职务任职资格的药学专业技术人员审核、调配、核对,并作为患者用药凭证的医疗文书[8]。公卫医师是我国法定的四类医师之一,与临床、中医、口腔其他三种类别的执业医师一样,依法取得医师资格,也依法注册执业,现行执业医师法对公卫医师处方权尚未明确。
本研究展示了公卫医师群体对处方权有强烈的需求,在部分省份尝试非执业医师的医务工作者也能获得处方权的情况下[9],公卫医师群体更加希望明确公卫医师的处方权。同时本研究也展示了,参与调查的绝大多数公卫医师愿意通过多种方式获得公卫医师处方权[10]
现代公卫医师在传染病防治、慢性病防治、职业卫生、环境卫生、营养与食品卫生等多个方面提供公共卫生服务[11-12],由于处方权的缺失,日常工作中临床与公共卫生工作机制相互独立,导致医防工作融合度不足,公卫医师与自然人群分离,越来越依靠信息数据来做疾病的监测和预判。而预防医学专业的“三级预防”概念,即一级病因预防、二级“三早”预防(早发现、早诊断、早治疗)、三级临床预防(对疾病及时有效的治疗,防止疾病恶化,减少并发症,促进康复,缓解疼痛,延长寿命),也大都只能停留在一级病因预防,公卫医师与二级、三级预防产生了分裂。本研究通过授予处方权和没有处方权的正反态度调查,显示了公卫医师群体多数认为授予处方权具有积极作用,而没有处方权会有消极作用,也希望通过培训、考试、规培等途径获得执业领域相应的处方权,从而提升公共卫生的专业能力,进而改善公共卫生工作的质量和效果。
中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅《关于进一步完善医疗卫生服务体系的意见》中提出探索赋予公卫医师处方权,为公卫医师处方权的实施提供了政策支持,目前部分省份如广东、云南、贵州等在探索试点[13],但暂未有实施效果的相关报道,更多的省份未出台相应的政策措施,显示了公卫医师制度改革、疾病预防控制体系改革是个漫长的过程[14]
为了更好的实施公卫医师处方权,可能需要明确三个方面的内容。一是进一步明确公卫医师内涵。外界常常把执行公共卫生任务的工作人员当作公卫医师[15-16],而公卫医师应该是具备预防医学、临床医学、公共卫生专业和教育背景,取得医师资格、依法注册执业的医学专业人员,不仅有基于人群监测、调查、评估和干预开具大处方的职责,也要针对工作中如基本公共卫生服务、传染病防控、健康管理等发现的个体问题,开具个体处方。二是明确公卫医师处方权范围。疾病预防控制中心、综合和专科医院、基层医疗等机构均属于医疗卫生机构,在医疗卫生机构中从事疾病防治工作的公卫医师,应根据其具体从事的疾病防治内容,授予相应范围的处方权。三是明确公卫医师处方权准入制度。卫生行政部门制定统一标准,以培训、考核等方式对具备能力的公卫医师授予相应的处方权。
本研究存在一定局限性。一是调查对象局限在公卫医师群体,暂未对临床等其他三类医师、行政部门人员以及科研院所等非医疗卫生机构进行扩大范围的意见采集,因此仅反应的是公卫医师群体对处方权的意见。二是调查问题的维度还可以再完善,如可以进一步采集对公卫医师职责、定位、内涵、改革等方面的意见,从而进一步反应目前公卫医师的现状,为提炼政策建议提供更多素材。
综上所述,公卫医师群体对处方权的需求意愿高,认为推行公卫医师处方权是改善公卫医师医防分离现状,推动公卫医师高质量发展的一项重要措施。
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2024年第51卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.20240106
  • 接收时间:2024-01-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-05
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    1.四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西第二医院/华西妇产儿童医院
    3.中国疾病预防控制中心
    4.山东大学公共卫生学院/山东大学卫生管理和政策研究中心
    5.华中科技大学医药卫生管理学院
    6.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
    7.成都医学院公共卫生学院

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genus
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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