Article(id=1240972421944103147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309219, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694361600000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800481543, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800481543, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800481543, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800481543, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1603, endPage=1608, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972422300619009, articleId=1240972421944103147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Meta-analysis of nutritional risk prevalence and its influencing factors in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in China, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically analyze the incidence of nutritional risk in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods

Chinese database (WIP, National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang database, Sino Med) and English database (Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) were searched, and the related studies on the influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease were collected. After screening and evaluating the literatures according to the criteria, Stata16.0 and Revman5.4 were used to analyze the prevalence of nutritional risk of Alzheimer’s disease and its influencing factors by meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 25 articles were included, the number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease was 3 372, and the number of patients with nutritional risk was 2 038, involving 12 influencing factors. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence rate of nutritional risk of AD was 62.5% (95%CI: 56.1%-68.9%). Marital status (OR=0.5, 95%CI: 0.34-0.73), course of disease (MD=0.36, 95%CI: 0.05-0.66) and swallowing function (OR=4.86, 95%CI: 1.74-13.61) were the influencing factors of nutritional risk of AD. Albumin (MD=-7.50, 95%CI: -9.25 to -5.75), cholesterol (MD=-0.87, 95%CI: -1.31 to -0.43), and hemoglobin (MD=-2.71, 95%CI: -3.96 to -1.46) were negatively correlated with nutritional risk in Chinese patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion

The prevalence rate of nutritional risk in Chinese patients with Alzheimer’s disease is high and is related to marital status, course of disease, albumin, cholesterol, hemoglobin and swallowing function. Clinical attention should be paid to related factors and early identification and intervention to reduce the occurrence of nutritional risk and the impact of nutritional risk on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

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目的

系统分析阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer disease,AD)患者营养风险发生情况。

方法

检索中英文数据库,包括维普网、知网、万方数据库、SinoMed、Cochrane library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science,收集关于AD患者营养不良影响因素的相关研究,检索时限为建库至2023年7月。按照标准筛选并评估文献后采用Stata 16.0与Revman 5.4对AD营养风险患病率及影响因素进行meta分析。

结果

共纳入25篇文献,AD患者例数为3 372例,存在营养风险患者例数为2 038例,涉及影响因素12项,meta分析结果显示,AD营养风险患病率为62.5%(95%CI:56.1%~68.9%)。婚姻状况(OR=0.5,95%CI:0.34~0.73)、病程(MD=0.36,95%CI:0.05~0.66)、吞咽功能(OR=4.86,95%CI:1.74~13.61)是AD营养风险发生的影响因素;白蛋白(MD=-7.50,95%CI:-9.25~-5.75)、胆固醇(MD=-0.87,95%CI:-1.31~-0.43)、血红蛋白(MD=-2.71,95%CI:-3.96~-1.46)与中国AD患者营养风险呈负相关。

结论

中国AD患者营养风险患病率高且与患者婚姻状况、病程、白蛋白、胆固醇、血红蛋白、吞咽功能有关,临床应加强对相关因素的关注,早期识别并进行干预,降低营养风险的发生以及营养风险对AD病情进展影响。

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刘素蓉,E-mail:
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董思凝(2000—),女,硕士在读,护士,研究方向:中医护理

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Social and economic factors and malnutrition or the risk of malnutrition in the elderly: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis of observational studies[J].Nutrients, 2020, 12(3): 737., articleTitle=Social and economic factors and malnutrition or the risk of malnutrition in the elderly: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis of observational studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986277198221740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=59, issue=10, pageStart=1041, pageEnd=1049, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Manders M, de Groot LCPGM, van Staveren WA, journalName=The Journals of Gerontology. Series a,Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Manders M, de Groot LCPGM, van Staveren WA, et al. Effectiveness of nutritional supplements on cognitive functioning in elderly persons: a systematic review[J]. 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Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2016, 54(4): 1619-1627., articleTitle=Nutritional status of patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986277676372402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=20, pageStart=5060, pageEnd=5062, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=67, authorNames=米娅莉, 陈惠刚, 李建平, journalName=中国老年学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=米娅莉,陈惠刚,李建平,等.老年阿尔茨海默病患者吞咽功能障碍发生情况及其影响因素[J].中国老年学杂志202242(20):5060-5062., articleTitle=老年阿尔茨海默病患者吞咽功能障碍发生情况及其影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986277869310391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=20, pageStart=5060, pageEnd=5062, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=68, authorNames=Mi YL, Chen HG, Li JP, journalName=Chinese Journal of Gerontology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mi YL, Chen HG, Li JP, et al. Occurrence and influencing factors of swallowing dysfunction in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2022, 42(20): 5060-5062., articleTitle=Occurrence and influencing factors of swallowing dysfunction in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986278112580025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=17, issue=4, pageStart=295, pageEnd=299, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Roqué M, Salvà A, Vellas B, journalName=Journal of Nutrition Health& Aging, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Roqué M, Salvà A, Vellas B. Malnutrition in community-dwelling adults with dementia (NutriAlz Trial)[J]. Journal of Nutrition Health& Aging, 2013, 17(4): 295-299., articleTitle=Malnutrition in community-dwelling adults with dementia (NutriAlz Trial), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986252833510030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986252841898639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, companyId=1240986252833510030, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986252846092944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, companyId=1240986252833510030, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都中医药大学,四川 成都 610075)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986253097751186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986253106139795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, companyId=1240986253097751186, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.成都市第一人民医院,四川 成都 610045)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986258072195836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Literature screening process, figureFileSmall=R1ym4M02PJ2CSxsld+cj/Q==, figureFileBig=1ORzQbS6VDk6xXT8Mx6qPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986258143499007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程, figureFileSmall=R1ym4M02PJ2CSxsld+cj/Q==, figureFileBig=1ORzQbS6VDk6xXT8Mx6qPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986258273522441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Forest plot of meta-analysis of nutritional risk prevalence in Chinese AD patients, figureFileSmall=WAfo5lzl/z+9fhRNx3ilig==, figureFileBig=uAx0b4+JRnDC/rMiHc9iEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986258688758548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中国AD患者营养风险患病率meta分析森林图, figureFileSmall=WAfo5lzl/z+9fhRNx3ilig==, figureFileBig=uAx0b4+JRnDC/rMiHc9iEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986258839753500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Funnel plot of nutritional risk prevalence in Chinese AD patients, figureFileSmall=eBab1nkNhL6WgvuJ5UPfhg==, figureFileBig=BZHX+K9S7XSwnCHBACqgOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986258990748450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=CN, label=图3, caption=中国AD患者营养风险患病率漏斗图, figureFileSmall=eBab1nkNhL6WgvuJ5UPfhg==, figureFileBig=BZHX+K9S7XSwnCHBACqgOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986259095606054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of the included literatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作者及年份地区研究类型样本量年龄(岁,s营养风险患病率(%)评估工具影响因素评分
候徐旭2016[6]乌鲁木齐112066.75±3.2555.83①②⑤5
姜季委2023[7]北京124767.88±8.0448.18A①②③⑥8
李咏洁2021[8]济南17978.39±2.7173.42A⑨⑩5
李玉梅2005[9]广州16077.77±8.6466.67B①⑥⑨⑩11126
王俊英2016[10]泰山110272.86±0.7256.86B⑨116
谭红2016[11]长沙120670.15±4.2289.80B⑦⑤5
何方2023[12]上海112073.12±7.1042.50C①②④⑦⑧⑨⑩8
张晓娟2019[13]北京133944.50A①②⑦5
张桂丽2010[14]武汉115675.00±8.0063.50A①⑨⑩115
徐珺杰2016[15]常州18374.23±3.7248.19B⑤⑦8
栗鑫2023[16]郑州112076.16±1.8551.67B①②⑥⑧9
王爽2017[17]抚顺112478.42±2.6964.52B⑨⑩11125
王薇2017[18]沈阳19068.89B⑨⑩11126
陈凌2015[19]温州113876.10±7.8039.13B6
谢荣婷2022[20]河池13074.98±3.1260.00B⑨⑩125
肖凤梅2021[21]重庆151077.79±7.6566.27B①②③④⑤⑥⑧8
曹婷2016[22]包头112669.45±5.4862.69B6
葛建超2020[23]南京115071.27±9.8860.00A①②③④⑥⑧⑨⑩117
李玲2019[24]南京18080.11±8.1460.00B①②④⑨⑩6
Lin2017[25]台湾27086.10±4.0062.90B7
张凤芹2017[26]天津18078.56±2.8983.75C6
江景娟2015[27]常州112368.9±4.8052.90C8
陈恳2018[28]重庆111870.2±9.3064.40C7
王婵娟2018[29]南京16076.61±8.3681.67B7
郑慧莉2019[30]沈阳14192.68A6
), ArticleFig(id=1240986259766694700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入文献基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作者及年份地区研究类型样本量年龄(岁,s营养风险患病率(%)评估工具影响因素评分
候徐旭2016[6]乌鲁木齐112066.75±3.2555.83①②⑤5
姜季委2023[7]北京124767.88±8.0448.18A①②③⑥8
李咏洁2021[8]济南17978.39±2.7173.42A⑨⑩5
李玉梅2005[9]广州16077.77±8.6466.67B①⑥⑨⑩11126
王俊英2016[10]泰山110272.86±0.7256.86B⑨116
谭红2016[11]长沙120670.15±4.2289.80B⑦⑤5
何方2023[12]上海112073.12±7.1042.50C①②④⑦⑧⑨⑩8
张晓娟2019[13]北京133944.50A①②⑦5
张桂丽2010[14]武汉115675.00±8.0063.50A①⑨⑩115
徐珺杰2016[15]常州18374.23±3.7248.19B⑤⑦8
栗鑫2023[16]郑州112076.16±1.8551.67B①②⑥⑧9
王爽2017[17]抚顺112478.42±2.6964.52B⑨⑩11125
王薇2017[18]沈阳19068.89B⑨⑩11126
陈凌2015[19]温州113876.10±7.8039.13B6
谢荣婷2022[20]河池13074.98±3.1260.00B⑨⑩125
肖凤梅2021[21]重庆151077.79±7.6566.27B①②③④⑤⑥⑧8
曹婷2016[22]包头112669.45±5.4862.69B6
葛建超2020[23]南京115071.27±9.8860.00A①②③④⑥⑧⑨⑩117
李玲2019[24]南京18080.11±8.1460.00B①②④⑨⑩6
Lin2017[25]台湾27086.10±4.0062.90B7
张凤芹2017[26]天津18078.56±2.8983.75C6
江景娟2015[27]常州112368.9±4.8052.90C8
陈恳2018[28]重庆111870.2±9.3064.40C7
王婵娟2018[29]南京16076.61±8.3681.67B7
郑慧莉2019[30]沈阳14192.68A6
), ArticleFig(id=1240986260148376374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis results of prevalence in subgroups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组文献数患病率P异质性检验
I2(%)模型选择患病率(%,95%CI)
研究地区0.861
北方10[6-8, 101316-18,2226]92.9随机61.8(52.3~71.3)<0.001
南方15[9,11-12,14-15,19-21,23-29]94.2随机62.9(54.5~71.4)<0.001
评估工具0.959
MNA6[7-8,13-14,23,30]95.8随机63.5(49.3~77.8)<0.001
MNA-SF13[9-11,15-19,21-22,24-25]94.0随机63.2(54.4~72.0)<0.001
NRS20025[12,20,26-28]92.2随机60.8(45.5~76.1)<0.001
人群来源0.941
医院21[6-7,10-14,17-30]94.8随机62.9(55.8~70.1)<0.001
社区4[8-9,15-16]81.7随机59.9(47.9~71.9)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240986260546835266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

患病率亚组分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组文献数患病率P异质性检验
I2(%)模型选择患病率(%,95%CI)
研究地区0.861
北方10[6-8, 101316-18,2226]92.9随机61.8(52.3~71.3)<0.001
南方15[9,11-12,14-15,19-21,23-29]94.2随机62.9(54.5~71.4)<0.001
评估工具0.959
MNA6[7-8,13-14,23,30]95.8随机63.5(49.3~77.8)<0.001
MNA-SF13[9-11,15-19,21-22,24-25]94.0随机63.2(54.4~72.0)<0.001
NRS20025[12,20,26-28]92.2随机60.8(45.5~76.1)<0.001
人群来源0.941
医院21[6-7,10-14,17-30]94.8随机62.9(55.8~70.1)<0.001
社区4[8-9,15-16]81.7随机59.9(47.9~71.9)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240986260722996040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of meta-analysis of factors affecting nutritional risk in AD patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素研究数量样本量异质性检验效应量ZP
I2(%)POR(95%CI)MD(95%CI)
年龄101 56176<0.0010.90(-0.34~2.15)1.420.160
男性81 34500.7600.93(0.75~1.14)0.720.470
教育年限359099<0.0012.88(-3.49~9.25)0.890.380
ADL454399<0.0013.30(-13.54~20.13)0.380.700
MMSE577098<0.001-4.02(-8.62~0.58)1.710.090
独居354200.6600.50(0.34~0.73)3.54<0.001
病程4583800.0020.36(0.05~0.66)2.290.020
白蛋白(g/L)1094488<0.001-7.50(-9.25~-5.75)8.39<0.001
胆固醇(mmol/L)984285<0.001-0.87(-1.31~-0.43)3.85<0.001
血红蛋白(g/L)663593<0.001-2.71(-3.96~-1.46)4.26<0.001
尿素氮(mmol/L)430401.0000.03(-0.44~0.50)0.120.910
吞咽功能491989<0.0014.86(1.74~13.61)3.010.003
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261020791632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

AD患者营养风险影响因素meta分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素研究数量样本量异质性检验效应量ZP
I2(%)POR(95%CI)MD(95%CI)
年龄101 56176<0.0010.90(-0.34~2.15)1.420.160
男性81 34500.7600.93(0.75~1.14)0.720.470
教育年限359099<0.0012.88(-3.49~9.25)0.890.380
ADL454399<0.0013.30(-13.54~20.13)0.380.700
MMSE577098<0.001-4.02(-8.62~0.58)1.710.090
独居354200.6600.50(0.34~0.73)3.54<0.001
病程4583800.0020.36(0.05~0.66)2.290.020
白蛋白(g/L)1094488<0.001-7.50(-9.25~-5.75)8.39<0.001
胆固醇(mmol/L)984285<0.001-0.87(-1.31~-0.43)3.85<0.001
血红蛋白(g/L)663593<0.001-2.71(-3.96~-1.46)4.26<0.001
尿素氮(mmol/L)430401.0000.03(-0.44~0.50)0.120.910
吞咽功能491989<0.0014.86(1.74~13.61)3.010.003
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261138232153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of influencing factors of malnutrition in AD patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素随机效应模型固定效应模型
OR/MD(95%CI)OR/MD(95%CI)
独居#0.50(0.34~0.73)0.50(0.34~0.73)
病程*0.36(0.05~0.66)0.13(0.04~0.21)
白蛋白*-7.50(-9.25~-5.75)-6.68(-7.25~-6.11)
胆固醇*-0.87(-1.31~-0.43)-0.74(-0.91~-0.57)
血红蛋白*-2.71(-3.96~-1.46)-2.36(-2.63~-2.09)
吞咽功能#4.86(1.74~13.61)3.42(2.45~4.78)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261318587229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972421944103147, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

AD患者营养不良影响因素的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素随机效应模型固定效应模型
OR/MD(95%CI)OR/MD(95%CI)
独居#0.50(0.34~0.73)0.50(0.34~0.73)
病程*0.36(0.05~0.66)0.13(0.04~0.21)
白蛋白*-7.50(-9.25~-5.75)-6.68(-7.25~-6.11)
胆固醇*-0.87(-1.31~-0.43)-0.74(-0.91~-0.57)
血红蛋白*-2.71(-3.96~-1.46)-2.36(-2.63~-2.09)
吞咽功能#4.86(1.74~13.61)3.42(2.45~4.78)
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中国阿尔茨海默症患者营养风险患病率及影响因素Meta分析
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董思凝 1 , 邓书华 2 , 张莉 1 , 吴浩 1 , 陈美珠 1 , 刘素蓉 2
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(9): 1603-1608
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(9): 1603-1608
中国阿尔茨海默症患者营养风险患病率及影响因素Meta分析
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董思凝1, 邓书华2, 张莉1, 吴浩1, 陈美珠1, 刘素蓉2
作者信息
  • 1.成都中医药大学,四川 成都 610075
  • 2.成都市第一人民医院,四川 成都 610045
  • 董思凝(2000—),女,硕士在读,护士,研究方向:中医护理

通讯作者:

刘素蓉,E-mail:
Meta-analysis of nutritional risk prevalence and its influencing factors in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in China
Si-ning DONG1, Shu-hua DENG2, Li ZHANG1, Hao WU1, Mei-zhu CHEN1, Su-rong LIU2
Affiliations
  • Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309219
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目的

系统分析阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer disease,AD)患者营养风险发生情况。

方法

检索中英文数据库,包括维普网、知网、万方数据库、SinoMed、Cochrane library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science,收集关于AD患者营养不良影响因素的相关研究,检索时限为建库至2023年7月。按照标准筛选并评估文献后采用Stata 16.0与Revman 5.4对AD营养风险患病率及影响因素进行meta分析。

结果

共纳入25篇文献,AD患者例数为3 372例,存在营养风险患者例数为2 038例,涉及影响因素12项,meta分析结果显示,AD营养风险患病率为62.5%(95%CI:56.1%~68.9%)。婚姻状况(OR=0.5,95%CI:0.34~0.73)、病程(MD=0.36,95%CI:0.05~0.66)、吞咽功能(OR=4.86,95%CI:1.74~13.61)是AD营养风险发生的影响因素;白蛋白(MD=-7.50,95%CI:-9.25~-5.75)、胆固醇(MD=-0.87,95%CI:-1.31~-0.43)、血红蛋白(MD=-2.71,95%CI:-3.96~-1.46)与中国AD患者营养风险呈负相关。

结论

中国AD患者营养风险患病率高且与患者婚姻状况、病程、白蛋白、胆固醇、血红蛋白、吞咽功能有关,临床应加强对相关因素的关注,早期识别并进行干预,降低营养风险的发生以及营养风险对AD病情进展影响。

阿尔茨海默症  /  痴呆  /  营养风险  /  影响因素  /  荟萃分析
Objective

To systematically analyze the incidence of nutritional risk in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods

Chinese database (WIP, National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang database, Sino Med) and English database (Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) were searched, and the related studies on the influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease were collected. After screening and evaluating the literatures according to the criteria, Stata16.0 and Revman5.4 were used to analyze the prevalence of nutritional risk of Alzheimer’s disease and its influencing factors by meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 25 articles were included, the number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease was 3 372, and the number of patients with nutritional risk was 2 038, involving 12 influencing factors. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence rate of nutritional risk of AD was 62.5% (95%CI: 56.1%-68.9%). Marital status (OR=0.5, 95%CI: 0.34-0.73), course of disease (MD=0.36, 95%CI: 0.05-0.66) and swallowing function (OR=4.86, 95%CI: 1.74-13.61) were the influencing factors of nutritional risk of AD. Albumin (MD=-7.50, 95%CI: -9.25 to -5.75), cholesterol (MD=-0.87, 95%CI: -1.31 to -0.43), and hemoglobin (MD=-2.71, 95%CI: -3.96 to -1.46) were negatively correlated with nutritional risk in Chinese patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion

The prevalence rate of nutritional risk in Chinese patients with Alzheimer’s disease is high and is related to marital status, course of disease, albumin, cholesterol, hemoglobin and swallowing function. Clinical attention should be paid to related factors and early identification and intervention to reduce the occurrence of nutritional risk and the impact of nutritional risk on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s disease  /  Dementia  /  Nutritional risk  /  Influencing factors  /  Meta-analysis
董思凝, 邓书华, 张莉, 吴浩, 陈美珠, 刘素蓉. 中国阿尔茨海默症患者营养风险患病率及影响因素Meta分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1603 -1608 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309219
Si-ning DONG, Shu-hua DENG, Li ZHANG, Hao WU, Mei-zhu CHEN, Su-rong LIU. Meta-analysis of nutritional risk prevalence and its influencing factors in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1603 -1608 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309219
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是一种后天获得的中枢退行性疾病,起病隐匿,具有高发病率、患病率和死亡率的特点[1],且其发病率随着年龄的增加而升高,由于缺乏有效药物治控,减少相关并发症、提升AD患者生活质量以及延缓寿命成为关注重点。AD临床特征除认知障碍、行为损伤外,常并发营养状态异常[2]。AD前期和前驱期下丘脑CA1区萎缩会出现嗅觉功能紊乱,中度AD患者出现味觉功能损害[3],晚期AD患者的吞咽问题加重,异常行为增加能量消耗。淡漠、抑郁、易激惹等神经精神症状会出现在病程的任何一个阶段,这些因素均会使AD患者出现营养风险。营养风险对AD的影响贯穿疾病始终以及预后,同时增加患者家庭的生活与经济负担。及早识别营养风险的危险因素,早期进行营养干预是提升AD患者生活质量、延缓疾病进展的关键措施。目前研究集中于营养状况及营养干预对AD的影响[4],并无AD营养状况及影响因素的系统评价,为全面认识我国AD患者营养风险患病率现状与AD患者出现营养风险的影响因素,采用meta分析讨论中国AD患者营养风险患病率以及影响因素,减少营养风险发生以应对健康老龄化的战略需求[5]
纳入标准:(1)研究类型:横断面研究、队列研究;(2)研究对象:AD患者;(3)结局指标:微型营养评价(MNA)评分<23.5分、袖珍微型营养评价(MNA-SF)<11分、营养风险筛查简表(NRS2002)≥3分为存在营养不良风险。排除标准:(1)重复发表、动物实验等文献;(2)非中、英文文献;(3)无法提取有效数据的研究;(4)文献质量不合格。
检索维普网、知网、万方数据库、SinoMed、PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase、Web of Science上公开发表的AD患者营养不良风险发生影响因素的中英文文献,检索时限为建库至2023年7月,主题词加自由词相结合进行文献检索,中文检索词:阿尔茨海默症、营养不良、营养状况、营养风险、影响因素、危险因素、预测因素。英文检索词:alzheimer’s disease,AD,senile dementia,nutritional status,nutritional risk,malnutrition,nutrition disorder*。
由两名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、提取资料并核对,出现分歧时与导师共同讨论后决定是否纳入,最后将遴选后的文献进行数据提取。
本研究已在PROSPERO平台注册,注册号为CRD42024501515。
由两名研究生独立评价文献质量,使用NOS量表对队列研究进行评价,<5分为低质量文献、>7分为高等质量文献。横断面研究采用美国卫生保健质量和研究机构推荐的质量评价工具,共包括11个评价指标,每个指标为“是、否、不清楚”,>8分为高质量、<4分为低质量文献。
使用Stata 16.0对营养风险发生率进行合并,使用RevMan5.4对营养风险影响因素进行分析,计算计量资料MD及其95%CI;计算计数资料OR值及其95%CI。采用I2检验进行异质性检验,若P≥0.1,I2≤50%,则异质性小,选择固定效应模型合并效应量;相反则异质性较大,选择随机效应模型进行敏感性分析或亚组分析。通过Egger检验评价有无发表偏倚,检验水准α=0.01。
共检索到文献2 385篇,其中PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、维普网、知网、万方数据库、SinoMed分别为152、839、500、651、16、47、172和8篇,剔除重复文献后获得2 147篇,阅读标题与摘要后获得文献79篇,根据纳排标准阅读全文后最终纳入25篇,筛选过程见图1
本研究纳入的25篇文献,包括横断面研究24篇、队列研究1篇;AD患者共纳入3 372例,营养风险发生例数为2 038例;25篇文献中,中等质量18篇、高质量7篇。纳入文献的基本特征见表1
对纳入文献的患病率进行meta分析,纳入的研究异质性较高(I2=94.1%, P<0.001),采用随机效应模型进行meta分析,显示合并后AD患者营养风险患病率为62.5%(95%CI:56.1%~68.9%),见图2。使用逐一剔除的方法进行敏感性分析后合并患病率为61.2%~63.5%,与总患病率接近。按照研究地区进行亚组分析,发现北方、南方AD患者营养风险患病率分别为61.8%(95%CI:52.3%~71.3%)、62.9%(95%CI:54.5%~71.4%);按照评估工具进行亚组分析,使用NRS2002营养风险患病率与使用MNA、MNA-SF测得患病率分别为60.8%(95%CI:45.5%~76.1%)、63.5%(95%CI:49.3%~77.8%)、63.2% (95%CI:54.4%~72.0%);按照人群来源进行亚组分析,AD住院患者营养风险患病率为62.9%(95%CI:55.8%~70.1%),社区AD患者营养风险患病率为59.9%(95%CI:47.9%~71.9%),见表2。采用Egger检验判断发表偏倚,结果显示不存在发表偏倚(P= 0.217>0.01),漏斗图结果显示图形分布较对称,见图3
纳入文献数量3篇及以上的影响因素进行meta分析,结果显示独居、病程、白蛋白、胆固醇、血红蛋白、吞咽功能的结果有统计学差异(P<0.05),见表3。通过改变效应模型对部分影响因素(结果中有意义)进行敏感性分析,结果发现除白蛋白与吞咽功能外,其他影响因素的一致性较好,说明本研究结果较稳定,见表4。对异质性较大的影响因素进一步通过逐一剔除单个研究进行敏感性分析,结果显示葛建超等[23]的研究是病程的异质性来源,排除后异质性降低(P=0.13,I2=50%)[MD= 0.14(-0.03~0.32),P=0.110];王爽等[18]的研究是血红蛋白的异质性来源,排除后异质性降低(P=0.18,I2=37%)[MD=-2.97(-3.44~-2.51),P<0.001];候徐旭等[6]的研究是吞咽功能的异质性来源,排除后异质性降低(P=0.14,I2=48%)[OR=2.66(1.62~4.35),P<0.001]。
Meta分析结果显示中国AD患者营养风险患病率为62.5%,与国外Santos等[31]报道的AD患者营养不良风险患病率相似,远远高于社区老年人与住院老年人的患病率[32]。本研究发现:(1)南方AD患者营养风险患病率与北方相比较高,其原因可能是南北饮食习惯差异,南方饮食烹饪方式多样,加工步骤多,精加工后食物中的营养成分流失[33];北方喜粗粮且烹饪方式简单,营养成分得以保留[34]。(2)采用MNA与MNA-SF测得患病率较高于NRS2002,原因可能为MNA与MNA-SF有较高的假阳性率,在筛查工具中误诊率较高[35]。(3)AD住院患者营养风险患病率较社区内AD患者高,原因可能为住院患者常合并其他疾病,病情较重。认知功能下降早期嗅觉系统出现病理变化导致营养摄入不足与体重下降,尽早进行营养状况筛查,关注营养风险的早期征象并及时进行干预,有效控制AD病情进展。
独居、病程、吞咽功能为我国AD患者营养风险发生的影响因素;白蛋白、胆固醇、血红蛋白与我国AD患者营养风险发生呈负相关。处于独居状态的AD患者随着配偶去世、子女离家,社会支持力降低,易出现抑郁、睡眠障碍,心理压力增加,这些因素均增加了营养风险,与Maria等[36]的研究结果相同。随着病程进展,认知功能不断下降,日常生活能力逐渐降低、精神行为增加,摄入营养不足从而加重病情,形成恶性循环[37],[40]。AD患者精神症状越严重,日常生活能力下降越厉害,其出现营养不良的风险就越大,与国外研究结果一致[38]。部分老年AD患者,由于全身肌力减弱、黏膜萎缩、组织老化,会出现吞咽反射迟钝,随着病情进展,不断损伤脑胆碱能,导致大脑皮层乙酰胆碱能纤维逐渐减少,神经递质缺失严重,出现吞咽功能障碍[39],进食困难导致营养摄入不足。早期进行吞咽功能康复训练以促进颊部肌肉的收缩,预防AD中晚期的患者吞咽功能障碍的发生。加强对AD患者营养相关实验室指标如白蛋白、胆固醇、血红蛋白等客观指标因素的监测与评估,早期进行营养风险筛查,尽早干预以减少营养不良的发生[12]。虽然本研究中MMSE评分并非影响因素,但多项研究[37,40]显示认知功能下降是AD患者营养异常的独立危险因素,认知功能降低导致营养元素摄取减少,增加并发症的发生,加重病情进展。
本研究存在一定局限性:(1)总患病率及亚组分析结果存在较大异质性;(2)纳入前瞻性研究数量少;(3)涉及地区均为城市,对农村、偏远地区的AD患者报道较少,无法全面评估中国AD患者营养风险;(4)纳入研究的调查对象多为住院患者,社区AD患者纳入少,可能产生选择偏倚;(5)一些影响因素如胃肠道疾病史、嗅觉减退病史等纳入研究较少,与AD患者营养风险之间的相关性尚未进行深入探索。期待多中心、大样本、高质量的前瞻性研究对中国各个地区的AD患者营养风险进行讨论。
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2024年第51卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309219
  • 接收时间:2023-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11
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    1.成都中医药大学,四川 成都 610075
    2.成都市第一人民医院,四川 成都 610045

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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