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Article(id=1240972419318477384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312482, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703606400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800480918, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800480918, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800480918, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800480918, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1591, endPage=1596, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972419637244520, articleId=1240972419318477384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the relationship between dietary flavanone intake and asthma, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the potential relationship between dietary flavanone intake and asthma so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of asthma.

Methods

Adults over 20 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2008 were selected as research subjects. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between flavanone intake and asthma. Finally, subgroup analysis was used to explore the relationship between flavanone intake and asthma in different sex and age groups.

Results

A total of 5 415 subjects were included, of whom 710 (13.11%) had asthma. The median intake of flavanone was 0.27 mg/d. The intake of flavanone in patients with asthma was significantly lower than that in normal people, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=10.207, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, education, drinking, smoking, monthly family poverty, hypertension, and diabetes, the incidence of asthma in the highest quantile was significantly lower than that in the lowest quantile (OR=0.781, 95%CI:0.615-0.991), and the risk of asthma decreased with the increase of flavanone intake (P trend = 0.015).

Conclusion

There is a negative correlation between flavanone intake and asthma. Flavanone may be a protective factor for asthma, and the correlation may be more obvious in women and young and middle-aged people under 50 years old.

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目的

通过探究饮食中黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘之间的潜在关系，为哮喘的预防和控制提供一定的依据。

方法

选择2007—2008年美国国家营养与健康调查中20岁以上成年人作为研究对象，利用多因素logistic回归模型分析黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘患病之间的关系。最后采用亚组分析，探索不同性别年龄人群中黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘患病的关联。

结果

共纳入5 415名研究对象，710 (13.11%)人患有哮喘。黄烷酮摄入量的中位数为0.27 mg/d，哮喘患者的黄烷酮摄入量明显低于正常人群，且差异具有统计学意义(Z=10.207, P<0.001)。调整年龄、性别、体重指数、种族、教育、饮酒、吸烟、家庭每月贫困水平、高血压、糖尿病后，与最低分位数组相比，最高分位数组中哮喘患病显著降低(OR=0.781; 95%CI:0.615～0.991)，且哮喘的患病风险随着黄烷酮摄入量的增加而逐步降低（P趋势=0.015）。

结论

黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病存在负相关关联，黄烷酮可能是哮喘的保护因素，并且在女性和年龄低于50岁中青年人群中的相关性可能更加明显。

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熊静远，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=s/Qx6PcYv3MhNY0SbcmZQg==, magXml=oVKOW/D6kjhSkWUN1b3MVg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=C/bKT3BG5TrCX8rNnjdCrA==, pdfFileSize=693999, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IWl24OPb3mIrgWp+I3ukCg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kXy9FbN96iJB2ttqMh6NgA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李昊奇（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

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李昊奇（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

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李昊奇（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=NHANES), Keyword(id=1240986258701349271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=逻辑回归模型)], refs=[Reference(id=1240986262664966745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=5, pageStart=413, pageEnd=418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=郭晶, 娄南南, 李佳琳, journalName=结核与肺部疾病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭晶，娄南南，李佳琳，等.胸闷变异性哮喘与典型哮喘的研究进展[J].结核与肺部疾病杂志，2023，4（5）：413-418., articleTitle=胸闷变异性哮喘与典型哮喘的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986262987928165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=5, pageStart=413, pageEnd=418, url=null, 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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(20): 15335., articleTitle=Phytoestrogen- Based hormonal replacement therapy could benefit women suffering Late-Onset asthma, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240986262165844536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, awardId=2020YFC2006301, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对专项子课题(2020YFC2006301), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240986262404919879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, awardId=2021YJ0156, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2021YJ0156), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986253735293069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986253743681678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, companyId=1240986253735293069, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University / West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986253752070287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, companyId=1240986253735293069, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986259271774638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flow chart of sample screening, figureFileSmall=4BpeYxStr6X4yvyn2wBZiw==, figureFileBig=Ul4oCUUIJqqXKFUIw0Q+oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986259959640505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=CN, label=图1, caption=样本筛选流程, figureFileSmall=4BpeYxStr6X4yvyn2wBZiw==, figureFileBig=Ul4oCUUIJqqXKFUIw0Q+oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986260525871562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of the study population ［M（P25，P75），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总计(n=5 415)非哮喘组(n=54 705)哮喘组(n=5 710)统计量P值
年龄(岁)50(36,65)51(36,66)48(33,62)29.868<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)28.00(24.30,32.18)27.84(24.24,31.90)29.00(25.06,34.06)26.155<0.001
黄烷酮摄入量(mg/d)0.27(0,7.05)0.27(0,0.77)0.15(0,2.85)10.207<0.001
性别19.012<0.001
男2 659(49.10)2 365(50.27)294(41.41)
女2 756(50.90)2 340(49.73)416(58.59)
种族44.732<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人928(17.14)867(18.43)61(8.59)
其他西班牙裔595(10.99)501(10.65)94(13.24)
非西班牙裔白人2 546(47.02)2 186(46.46)360(50.70)
非西班牙裔黑人1 136(20.98)977(20.77)159(22.40)
其他种族 - 包括多种族210(3.88)174(3.70)36(5.08)
教育8.0010.100
高中以下718(13.26)647(13.75)71(10.00)
高中2 287(42.23)1 974(41.96)313(44.08)
高中以上2 410(44.51)2 084(44.29)326(45.92)
吸烟4.9460.026
是2 562(47.31)2 198(46.72)364(51.27)
否2 853(52.69)2 507(53.28)346(48.73)
饮酒0.4330.510
是3 881(71.67)3 380(71.84)501(70.56)
否1 534(28.33)1 325(28.16)209(29.44)
高血压24.339<0.001
是1 950(36.01)1 635(34.75)315(44.37)
否3 465(63.99)3 070(65.25)395(55.63)
糖尿病8.731<0.001
否4 636(85.61)4 059(86.27)577(81.27)
是692(12.78)566(12.03)126(17.75)
糖尿病前期87(1.61)80(1.70)7(0.99)
家庭每月贫困水平类别8.8050.012
≤1.302 033(37.54)1 740(36.98)293(41.27)
>1.30～1.85790(14.59)682(14.50)108(15.21)
>1.852 592(47.87)2 283(48.52)309(43.52)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986260731392474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究人群特征［M（P25，P75），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总计(n=5 415)非哮喘组(n=54 705)哮喘组(n=5 710)统计量P值
年龄(岁)50(36,65)51(36,66)48(33,62)29.868<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)28.00(24.30,32.18)27.84(24.24,31.90)29.00(25.06,34.06)26.155<0.001
黄烷酮摄入量(mg/d)0.27(0,7.05)0.27(0,0.77)0.15(0,2.85)10.207<0.001
性别19.012<0.001
男2 659(49.10)2 365(50.27)294(41.41)
女2 756(50.90)2 340(49.73)416(58.59)
种族44.732<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人928(17.14)867(18.43)61(8.59)
其他西班牙裔595(10.99)501(10.65)94(13.24)
非西班牙裔白人2 546(47.02)2 186(46.46)360(50.70)
非西班牙裔黑人1 136(20.98)977(20.77)159(22.40)
其他种族 - 包括多种族210(3.88)174(3.70)36(5.08)
教育8.0010.100
高中以下718(13.26)647(13.75)71(10.00)
高中2 287(42.23)1 974(41.96)313(44.08)
高中以上2 410(44.51)2 084(44.29)326(45.92)
吸烟4.9460.026
是2 562(47.31)2 198(46.72)364(51.27)
否2 853(52.69)2 507(53.28)346(48.73)
饮酒0.4330.510
是3 881(71.67)3 380(71.84)501(70.56)
否1 534(28.33)1 325(28.16)209(29.44)
高血压24.339<0.001
是1 950(36.01)1 635(34.75)315(44.37)
否3 465(63.99)3 070(65.25)395(55.63)
糖尿病8.731<0.001
否4 636(85.61)4 059(86.27)577(81.27)
是692(12.78)566(12.03)126(17.75)
糖尿病前期87(1.61)80(1.70)7(0.99)
家庭每月贫困水平类别8.8050.012
≤1.302 033(37.54)1 740(36.98)293(41.27)
>1.30～1.85790(14.59)682(14.50)108(15.21)
>1.852 592(47.87)2 283(48.52)309(43.52)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261016605150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of flavanone consumption and asthma

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变量模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
Q1refrefref
Q20.957(0.771～1.189)0.6940.940(0.754～1.172)0.5820.939(0.752～1.171)0.576
Q30.940(0.756～1.167)0.5750.977(0.781～1.222)0.8400.982(0.784～1.230)0.878
Q40.696(0.552～0.876)0.0020.759(0.597～0.962)0.0230.781(0.615～0.991)0.043
P趋势<0.0010.0070.015
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261104685544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
Q1refrefref
Q20.957(0.771～1.189)0.6940.940(0.754～1.172)0.5820.939(0.752～1.171)0.576
Q30.940(0.756～1.167)0.5750.977(0.781～1.222)0.8400.982(0.784～1.230)0.878
Q40.696(0.552～0.876)0.0020.759(0.597～0.962)0.0230.781(0.615～0.991)0.043
P趋势<0.0010.0070.015
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261196960248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of flavanone consumption and asthma in different gender and age groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值交互作用P值
性别男女0.276
Q1refref
Q21.135(0.803～1.603)0.4730.813(0.608～1.086)0.162
Q31.202(0.851～1.699)0.2970.834(0.619～1.123)0.233
Q40.992(0.691～1.423)0.9670.646(0.467～0.889)0.008
年龄（岁）<50≥500.597
Q1refref
Q20.922(0.682～1.247)0.5970.931(0.671～1.291)0.669
Q30.923(0.676～1.260)0.6141.003(0.721～1.393)0.987
Q40.639(0.447～0.907)0.0130.862(0.620～1.199)0.379
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261477978629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同性别、年龄黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值交互作用P值
性别男女0.276
Q1refref
Q21.135(0.803～1.603)0.4730.813(0.608～1.086)0.162
Q31.202(0.851～1.699)0.2970.834(0.619～1.123)0.233
Q40.992(0.691～1.423)0.9670.646(0.467～0.889)0.008
年龄（岁）<50≥500.597
Q1refref
Q20.922(0.682～1.247)0.5970.931(0.671～1.291)0.669
Q30.923(0.676～1.260)0.6141.003(0.721～1.393)0.987
Q40.639(0.447～0.907)0.0130.862(0.620～1.199)0.379
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261691888146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sensitivity analyses for the associations between flavanone consumption and asthma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄烷酮摄入量分组增加心脏病变量去除饮酒变量增加心脏病和去除饮酒变量
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
Q1refrefref
Q20.933(0.747～1.165)0.5410.939(0.752～1.171)0.5760.933(0.747～1.165)0.541
Q30.994(0.793～1.245)0.9590.982(0.785～1.230)0.8770.994(0.793～1.244)0.955
Q40.781(0.614～0.991)0.0430.781(0.615～0.991)0.0430.781(0.614～0.991)0.043
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261834494491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972419318477384, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘关联的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄烷酮摄入量分组增加心脏病变量去除饮酒变量增加心脏病和去除饮酒变量
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
Q1refrefref
Q20.933(0.747～1.165)0.5410.939(0.752～1.171)0.5760.933(0.747～1.165)0.541
Q30.994(0.793～1.245)0.9590.982(0.785～1.230)0.8770.994(0.793～1.244)0.955
Q40.781(0.614～0.991)0.0430.781(0.615～0.991)0.0430.781(0.614～0.991)0.043
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膳食中黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病的关联研究
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李昊奇 , 马国琛 , 字璟 , 胡一凡 , 熊静远
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(9): 1591-1596
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(9): 1591-1596
膳食中黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病的关联研究
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李昊奇, 马国琛, 字璟, 胡一凡, 熊静远
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041

    • 李昊奇（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

通讯作者:

熊静远，E-mail:
Study on the relationship between dietary flavanone intake and asthma
Hao-qi LI, Guo-chen MA, Jing ZI, Yi-fan HU, Jing-yuan XIONG
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University / West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312482
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摘要
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目的

通过探究饮食中黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘之间的潜在关系，为哮喘的预防和控制提供一定的依据。

方法

选择2007—2008年美国国家营养与健康调查中20岁以上成年人作为研究对象，利用多因素logistic回归模型分析黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘患病之间的关系。最后采用亚组分析，探索不同性别年龄人群中黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘患病的关联。

结果

共纳入5 415名研究对象，710 (13.11%)人患有哮喘。黄烷酮摄入量的中位数为0.27 mg/d，哮喘患者的黄烷酮摄入量明显低于正常人群，且差异具有统计学意义(Z=10.207, P<0.001)。调整年龄、性别、体重指数、种族、教育、饮酒、吸烟、家庭每月贫困水平、高血压、糖尿病后，与最低分位数组相比，最高分位数组中哮喘患病显著降低(OR=0.781; 95%CI:0.615～0.991)，且哮喘的患病风险随着黄烷酮摄入量的增加而逐步降低（P趋势=0.015）。

结论

黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病存在负相关关联，黄烷酮可能是哮喘的保护因素，并且在女性和年龄低于50岁中青年人群中的相关性可能更加明显。

黄烷酮  /  哮喘  /  NHANES  /  逻辑回归模型
Objective

To investigate the potential relationship between dietary flavanone intake and asthma so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of asthma.

Methods

Adults over 20 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2008 were selected as research subjects. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between flavanone intake and asthma. Finally, subgroup analysis was used to explore the relationship between flavanone intake and asthma in different sex and age groups.

Results

A total of 5 415 subjects were included, of whom 710 (13.11%) had asthma. The median intake of flavanone was 0.27 mg/d. The intake of flavanone in patients with asthma was significantly lower than that in normal people, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=10.207, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, education, drinking, smoking, monthly family poverty, hypertension, and diabetes, the incidence of asthma in the highest quantile was significantly lower than that in the lowest quantile (OR=0.781, 95%CI:0.615-0.991), and the risk of asthma decreased with the increase of flavanone intake (P trend = 0.015).

Conclusion

There is a negative correlation between flavanone intake and asthma. Flavanone may be a protective factor for asthma, and the correlation may be more obvious in women and young and middle-aged people under 50 years old.

Flavanone  /  Asthma  /  NHANES  /  Logistic regression model
李昊奇, 马国琛, 字璟, 胡一凡, 熊静远. 膳食中黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1591 -1596 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312482
Hao-qi LI, Guo-chen MA, Jing ZI, Yi-fan HU, Jing-yuan XIONG. Study on the relationship between dietary flavanone intake and asthma[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1591 -1596 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312482
正文
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哮喘影响着全球25亿多人，是最常见的慢性肺部疾病之一，每天造成1 000多人死亡。哮喘的特征是反复发作的喘息、呼吸困难、胸闷、咳嗽和夜间多发[1]，随后引起气道水肿、黏液分泌过多、粘液堵塞和气道重塑等现象[2]。在2023年全球哮喘防治创议(The Global Initiative for Asthma, GINA)公布的最新《全球哮喘管理和预防》中，哮喘被定义为一种慢性异质性疾病，通常以慢性气道炎症为特征[3]。哮喘在世界范围内具有显著的发病率、死亡率和经济负担。随着社会的发展，环境的变化，哮喘在中国仍然是一个主要问题，其儿童患病率每十年增加50%以上[4]，因此识别潜在的可改变影响因素以改进预防策略非常重要。
类黄酮通常根据其结构分为六个亚类：黄酮醇、黄酮、异黄酮、花青素、黄烷酮和黄烷醇[5]。黄烷酮也称作二氢黄酮是广泛分布于柑橘类水果的一种天然黄酮类化合物[6]，主要通过食物摄入。黄烷酮主要包含橙皮素、柚皮素、圣草酚等物质。黄烷酮已被证明具有抗炎抗氧化，抗癌特性等特性，能够降低心血管疾病和癌症风险[7]。在我国，根据《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》和《食品添加剂卫生管理办法》的规定（中华人民共和国卫生部2007年第8号公告），橙皮素已被列入食品用香料名单[8]，因此橙皮素可作为食品添加剂添加到食物当中。目前已有相关研究证明黄烷酮在多种炎性疾病中具有抗炎作用，也有少量动物细胞分子实验探索黄烷酮与哮喘的关联。但是目前没有关于黄烷酮和哮喘关联的流行病学研究开展。
因此本研究欲根据2007—2008年美国国家营养与健康调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES)和膳食研究食品和营养数据库(Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies,FNDDS）中的黄烷酮摄入量数据和哮喘数据，探讨黄烷酮与哮喘患病之间的关联。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　研究人群
本研究使用的数据全部来自NHANES和FNDDS。NHANES是一项全面且具有全国代表性的横断面研究，自1960年代以来一直定期进行，确保研究人群的全国代表性[9]。NHANES是根据赫尔辛基宣言进行的，并得到了美国疾病预防控制中心、国家卫生统计中心机构审查委员会和伦理委员会的批准，而且所有参与者都签署了书面知情同意书[10]。
NHANES数据库中2007—2008年一共有10 149参与者的数据。没有完整的膳食类黄酮摄入评估记录的参与者（n=1 031）、没有哮喘患病信息的参与者（n=329）和20岁以下参与者（n=3 374）被排除在外。最终本研究共纳入5 415名参与者，流程见图1。
1.2　黄烷酮和哮喘数据
我们研究中的膳食类黄酮值数据来自FNDDS。该数据库和NHANES数据库相关联。有关哮喘的数据由训练有素的访谈者使用标准化问卷收集。研究使用自我报告的问卷回答来定义哮喘。哮喘的定义是受访者对“医生或其他健康专业人员是否曾经告诉过您患有哮喘？”这个问题给出肯定的回答。失访、拒绝回答或回答不知道被视为无效数据。
1.3　协变量评估
通过自我报告的问卷回答收集协变量，即年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、体重指数（body mass index, BMI）、家庭每月贫困水平类别、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、高血压、糖尿病。教育程度根据受教育年限分为高中以下、高中和高中以上。BMI的计算方式为体重/身高的二次方（kg/m2）。家庭每月贫困水平类别是根据家庭每月贫困水平指数分类的，分为每月贫困指数≤1.30，每月贫困指数>1.30～1.85，每月贫困指数>1.85。吸烟状况的“从不”一词被定义为一生中抽过少于100支香烟，“吸烟”是指一生中抽过100支烟。饮酒状况的“饮酒”是指一生中喝过超过12杯任何类型的酒（含酒精饮料）。高血压、糖尿病的情况是根据受访者对以下问卷问题给出的回答而获得，“你是否曾经被医生或其他健康专业人员告知患有高血压/糖尿病？”在所有的数据中，协变量缺失的百分比均不超过6%，因此我们使用基于R语言中Mice包的多重插补法插补缺失数据，以最大限度地提高统计能力，并尽量减少缺失数据可能导致的偏倚。
1.4　统计分析
所有统计分析均使用R软件（4.3.1版）进行。在基线信息分析中，连续变量若符合正态分布则以（）表示，使用单因素方差分析或t检验比较组间差异，否则采用［M（P25，P75）］进行描述；分类变量表示为频率和百分比，并使用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法进行比较，等级资料采用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析。Logistic回归模型用于分析黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病率的关系。模型1未调整；模型2根据年龄、性别、BMI、种族、教育、饮酒、吸烟、家庭每月贫困水平进行调整；模型3在模型2的基础上根据糖尿病和高血压进行调整。其次对性别和年龄进行了亚组和交互作用研究，同时还进行了敏感性分析以评估结果的稳定性。本研究采用检验水准α=0.05作为统计显著性的阈值。
2　结果
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2.1　纳入对象基线特征
本研究共纳入5 415名符合条件研究对象，纳入过程见图1。研究对象年龄中位数为50岁，女性2 756人(50.90%)，男性2 659人(49.10%)。5 415名对象中有710人被诊断为哮喘，占总人数的13.11%。黄烷酮摄入量的中位数为0.27 mg/d，哮喘患者的黄烷酮摄入量为0.15 mg/d，明显低于正常人群的0.27 mg/d，且差异具有统计学意义。与正常人群相比，哮喘患者人群年龄更低，体重指数更大，女性更多，吸烟更多，高血压和糖尿病患病更多。其他特征如种族，家庭每月贫困水平也具有统计学上的差异。见表1。
2.2　黄烷酮与哮喘的logistic分析
为了进一步探索黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘的潜在关联，我们使用了三个模型对黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘进行了logistic分析。模型1未进行任何调整；模型2调整了八个协变量包括年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、BMI、家庭每月贫困水平类别、吸烟状况、饮酒状况；模型3在模型2的基础上再调整了糖尿病和高血压两个疾病变量。将黄烷酮摄入量按照四分位数分组进行计算，计算结果见表2。三个模型都显示出，与黄烷酮摄入量最低组(Q1)相比，黄烷酮摄入量最高组(Q4)哮喘的患病风险有统计学差异且达到最低，OR值分别是0.696(95%CI: 0.552～0.876)、0.759 (95%CI: 0.597～0.962)、0.781 (95%CI: 0.615～0.991)。此外，趋势性检验结果均具有统计学意义，这显示哮喘的患病风险随着黄烷酮摄入量的增加而逐步降低。
2.3　亚组分析
在对黄烷酮摄入量和哮喘进行了logistic分析后，本研究还根据性别、年龄进行了亚组分析和交互作用分析，见表3。结果显示，女性、年龄<50岁人群中与黄烷酮摄入量最低组相比，最高组的哮喘患病风险最低且具有统计学意义上的关联，患病风险分别降低35.40%（OR=0.646,95%CI:0.467～0.889）、36.10%（OR=0.639,95%CI:0.447～0.907）。交互作用分析结果显示，性别和年龄与黄烷酮摄入量在影响哮喘方面不具有交互作用。
2.4　敏感性分析
为了进一步评估和提高我们结果的质量、可信度和可重复性，我们进行了敏感性分析。敏感性分析主要包括在模型3基础上增加心脏病变量，减少饮酒变量，以及心脏病和饮酒变量同时调整。心脏病的定义是在问卷调查中对于曾经有过心力衰竭、冠心病、心绞痛、中风、心肌梗死的情况给出任一肯定的回答。增加心脏病变量，减少饮酒变量，以及心脏病和饮酒变量同时调整后黄烷酮摄入量最高组与最低组相比结果仍具有统计学意义。见表4。
3　讨论
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本研究基于NHANES数据库2007—2008年的数据探讨了每日黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病风险的关联。据我们所知，本研究是目前首篇专注于探讨黄烷酮与哮喘患病的流行病学研究。本研究结果表明，哮喘患者的黄烷酮摄入量明显低于正常人群且差异具有统计学意义，较高的黄烷酮摄入量与更低的哮喘患病风险相关。亚组分析提示两者关联在女性、年龄<50岁中青年中更加明显。敏感性分析提示结果的质量和稳定性也较好。
而黄烷酮已被发现具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，柚皮素已被证明在多种炎症性疾病中具有抗炎作用。据研究表明，黄烷酮能降低过氧化物酶的活性，肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6的分泌，增加白细胞介素-10的分泌[11]，下调小鼠NOD样受体热蛋白结构域蛋白3/核转录因子通路来减轻非酒精性脂肪性肝病[12]。柚皮素通过抑制海马氧化应激和炎症反应并促进N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体信号通路来减轻血管性痴呆大鼠模型的认知障碍[13]。柚皮素被发现能调节狼疮易感小鼠T细胞亚群并减少炎症介质[14]。
关于黄烷酮和哮喘的关联，已有相关动物细胞分子实验开展。杜鹃素是从传统中草药满山红（杜鹃花科）中分离得到的典型天然黄烷酮，具有化痰止咳的特性，在中国广泛用于治疗支气管炎和哮喘[15]。研究表明，杜鹃素能在过敏性哮喘模型中，显着缓解过敏性气道炎症，其作用机制与蛋白激酶B和核转录因子亚基p65磷酸化的激活有关[16]。柚皮苷是柚皮素的糖苷形式，研究表明柚皮苷可通过抑制卵清蛋白诱导的肺组织和气道组织中嗜酸性粒细胞增多,抑制Th2细胞并增强Th1细胞来改善哮喘的进展，减弱卵清蛋白诱导的哮喘模型小鼠的气道炎症[17]。黄烷酮组合橙皮素-柚皮素也被发现能改善室内尘螨诱导哮喘动物模型的气道炎症和重塑，减轻香烟烟雾造成的咳嗽、气道高反应性和气道炎症[18-19]。
本研究还探索了不同性别年龄人群中黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘的关系。其中女性亚组中黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘关联较强，这值得注意。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，成年女性的哮喘患病率高于男性，而这种模式在儿童中是相反的。具体来说，哮喘似乎在18岁以下男孩中更为普遍，而20岁以后，大致持平，直到40岁，此时哮喘在女性中更常见[20]。研究指出，性激素是两性哮喘患病率差异的关键介质，雌激素和孕激素水平的快速上升可能是增加哮喘发病风险的重要因素，而雄激素，如睾酮则被发现可降低哮喘发病风险[21]。而黄烷酮恰好属于植物雌激素，当雌激素不足时可产生类雌激素效应,而雌激素过剩时又起到抗雌激素作用，能够激活雌激素受体产生更加温和的雌激素样效应，这可能解释了黄烷酮摄入量对女性哮喘患病率的降低作用[22]。虽然黄烷酮具有多种有益的功效，但仍要谨慎摄入大量黄烷酮，因为黄烷酮有潜在的内分泌干扰物风险。
本研究是目前首篇探讨黄烷酮摄入量与哮喘患病的流行病学研究。优势还包括在调整变量时更加全面地调整了种族、教育水平、家庭每月贫困水平类别、吸烟饮酒状况等，采用了亚组分析来探讨了性别和年龄对黄烷酮和哮喘关联的影响，敏感性分析来验证结果的稳定性。同时，本研究也有一定的局限性。第一，最主要的限制是横断面设计，无法确定因果关系，做出因果推断，后续仍需更多严谨的实验验证黄烷酮和哮喘的关系。第二，黄烷酮摄入量的数据来自回忆访谈的自我报告，这可能会引入回忆偏倚。由于本文数据是基于美国的NHANES数据库，虽然样本量足够大，但是并不能代表全球所有地区人群。最后，本研究调整了许多混杂因素但并不能保证排除了其他混杂因素。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对专项子课题(2020YFC2006301)
  • 四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2021YJ0156)
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2024年第51卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312482
  • 接收时间：2023-12-27
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-27
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国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对专项子课题(2020YFC2006301)
四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2021YJ0156)
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041

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熊静远，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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