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Article(id=1240972418953572890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311209, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699718400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800480830, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800480830, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800480830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800480830, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1620, endPage=1624, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972419259757120, articleId=1240972418953572890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the management of nosocomial infection in 611 primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current situation of nosocomial infection management in primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province, and to provide reference for standardizing the professional development of nosocomial infection management in primary medical institutions.

Methods

By using the method of electronic questionnaire survey, the management of nosocomial infection in primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province from April 1 to 30, 2022 was investigated, and 611 valid questionnaires were retrieved.

Results

Among the 611 primary health care institutions, 401 medical institutions set up nosocomial infection committees, 149 medical institutions set up independent nosocomial infection management departments, 321 medical institutions were equipped with full-time staff for nosocomial infection management, and 573 medical institutions were equipped with part-time staff for nosocomial infection management. In total, 321 primary health care institutions were equipped with 334 full-time staff for nosocomial infection management. The average age was (35.19±8.57) years old, the gender was mainly female, the major was nursing, and the degree was bachelor degree or below. The management of nosocomial infection in different types of primary health care institutions was compared and analyzed, and there were differences in age, professional background, educational background, and working years of nosocomial infection department (P < 0.05). The focus of the full-time staff of nosocomial infection management was the issue of salary.

Conclusion

The construction of the organizational structure of nosocomial infection management in private grass-roots medical institutions in Guizhou Province needs to be strengthened, and some full-time staff are engaged in nosocomial infection management for a short time, so they need to strengthen their ability and training.

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目的

掌握贵州省基层医疗机构医院感染管理现况，为后续规范基层医疗机构医院感染管理专业发展提供依据。

方法

采用电子问卷普查方法，对贵州省基层医疗机构在2022年4月1—30日医院感染管理情况进行调查，收到有效问卷611份。

结果

611所基层医疗机构中，401所医疗机构设置医院感染委员会，149所医疗机构设置独立医院感染管理部门，321所医疗机构配备医院感染管理专职人员，573所医疗机构配备医院感染管理兼职人员。321所基层医疗机构共配备医院感染管理专职人员334名，平均年龄为（35.19±8.57）岁，性别以女性为主，专业上以护理为主，学历以本科及以下为主。对不同类型基层医疗机构医院感染管理情况进行对比分析，在年龄、专业背景、学历、院感科工作年限上均存在差异（P<0.05）。从医院感染管理专职人员关注点调查来看，关注的问题主要是待遇问题。

结论

贵州省民营基层医疗机构医院感染管理组织架构建设还需加强，部分专职人员从事医院感染管理工作时限短，需要加强能力提升培训。

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王颜颜，E-mail:
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李凌竹（1985—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：医院感染管理

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李凌竹（1985—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：医院感染管理

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Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology, 2022, 32(8): 1253-1256., articleTitle=Survey on status of professional title promotion of hospital infection professionals in Shanghai, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986273368822108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=16, issue=7, pageStart=635, pageEnd=638, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=张志刚, 韩梅, 杨致霈, journalName=中国感染控制杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张志刚，韩梅，杨致霈，等.陕西省咸阳市医院感染管理专职人员现状分析[J].中国感染控制杂志，2017，16（7）：635-638., articleTitle=陕西省咸阳市医院感染管理专职人员现状分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240986273494651234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=16, issue=7, pageStart=635, pageEnd=638, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Zhang ZG, Han M, Yang ZP, journalName=Chinese Journal of Infection Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang ZG, Han M, Yang ZP, et al. Current situation of full-time healthcare-associated infection management staff in Xianyang City of Shaanxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Infection Control, 2017, 16(7):635-638., articleTitle=Current situation of full-time healthcare-associated infection management staff in Xianyang City of Shaanxi Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240986266922176648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, awardId=黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般476, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划基础研究项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般476), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240986267157057683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, awardId=黔科合支撑[2021]一般031, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般031), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986257296249563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986257304638171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, companyId=1240986257296249563, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986257308832476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, companyId=1240986257296249563, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州医科大学附属医院医院感染管理科，贵州 贵阳 550004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986264665640977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province

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基本信息内容数量构成比（%）
基层医疗机构类别社区服务中心528.51
乡镇卫生院37060.56
其他基层医疗机构18930.93
开放床位数（张）<10058695.91
≥100254.09
医院性质公立42669.72
民营18530.28
), ArticleFig(id=1240986264858578970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贵州省基层医疗机构基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本信息内容数量构成比（%）
基层医疗机构类别社区服务中心528.51
乡镇卫生院37060.56
其他基层医疗机构18930.93
开放床位数（张）<10058695.91
≥100254.09
医院性质公立42669.72
民营18530.28
), ArticleFig(id=1240986265072488484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Construction of organizational structure of nosocomial infection management in primary medical institutions

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组织架构建设情况开放床位数<100张开放床位数≥100张χ2值P值
是否成立医院感染管理委员会是380213.9000.048
否2064
是否设置独立的医院感染管理部门是1331622.1830.000
否4539
是否配备感控专职人员是303183.9600.048
否2837
是否配备感控兼职人员是550230.1420.707
否362
), ArticleFig(id=1240986265215094832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基层医疗机构医院感染管理组织架构建设情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组织架构建设情况开放床位数<100张开放床位数≥100张χ2值P值
是否成立医院感染管理委员会是380213.9000.048
否2064
是否设置独立的医院感染管理部门是1331622.1830.000
否4539
是否配备感控专职人员是303183.9600.048
否2837
是否配备感控兼职人员是550230.1420.707
否362
), ArticleFig(id=1240986265500307522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Basic characteristics of full-time staff of nosocomial infection in primary medical institutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本情况人数构成比（%）
性别男6720.06
女26779.94
年龄（岁）≤3012437.13
31～<5018354.79
≥50278.08
专业背景临床医学6720.06
护理学23470.06
公共卫生41.20
检验相关专业20.60
其他278.08
学历专科及以下16649.70
本科16750.00
研究生20.60
职称无职称5717.07
初级18053.89
中级8324.85
高级144.19
院感科工作年限（年）≤113640.72
2～<515345.81
5～<103711.08
≥1082.40
是否接受过院外感控专业培训是24372.75
否9127.25
), ArticleFig(id=1240986265781325904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基层医疗机构医院感染专职人员基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本情况人数构成比（%）
性别男6720.06
女26779.94
年龄（岁）≤3012437.13
31～<5018354.79
≥50278.08
专业背景临床医学6720.06
护理学23470.06
公共卫生41.20
检验相关专业20.60
其他278.08
学历专科及以下16649.70
本科16750.00
研究生20.60
职称无职称5717.07
初级18053.89
中级8324.85
高级144.19
院感科工作年限（年）≤113640.72
2～<515345.81
5～<103711.08
≥1082.40
是否接受过院外感控专业培训是24372.75
否9127.25
), ArticleFig(id=1240986266024595549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of the basic characteristics of full-time staff of nosocomial infection in different types of primary medical institutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本情况乡镇卫生院社区卫生服务中心基层民营医疗机构χ2值P值
性别男412243.4480.178
女13723106
年龄（岁）≤306265614.3980.006
31～<501071958
≥509117
专业背景临床医学4731720.3980.003
护理学1191996
公共卫生121
检验相关专业200
其他9216
学历专科及以下57710274.4170.000
本科1201928
研究生100
职称无职称282274.0650.656
初级991467
中级44930
高级716
院感科工作年限
（年）		≤186123829.4060.000
2～<5811260
5～<1011125
≥10017
是否接受过院外感控专业培训是13021921.1080.575
否48538
), ArticleFig(id=1240986266175590504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同类型基层医疗机构医院感染专职人员基本情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本情况乡镇卫生院社区卫生服务中心基层民营医疗机构χ2值P值
性别男412243.4480.178
女13723106
年龄（岁）≤306265614.3980.006
31～<501071958
≥509117
专业背景临床医学4731720.3980.003
护理学1191996
公共卫生121
检验相关专业200
其他9216
学历专科及以下57710274.4170.000
本科1201928
研究生100
职称无职称282274.0650.656
初级991467
中级44930
高级716
院感科工作年限
（年）		≤186123829.4060.000
2～<5811260
5～<1011125
≥10017
是否接受过院外感控专业培训是13021921.1080.575
否48538
), ArticleFig(id=1240986266385305717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The survey results of income satisfaction and concerns of full-time staff in primary medical institutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
需求内容人数构成比（%）
收入满意度调查满意11233.53
一般19056.89
不满意329.58
在感控部门工作最职称晋升问题4714.07
关心的问题（多选）待遇问题9729.04
职业地位问题7121.56
无问题14142.22
), ArticleFig(id=1240986266666324089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972418953572890, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

基层医疗机构感控专职人员收入满意度及关注点调查

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
需求内容人数构成比（%）
收入满意度调查满意11233.53
一般19056.89
不满意329.58
在感控部门工作最职称晋升问题4714.07
关心的问题（多选）待遇问题9729.04
职业地位问题7121.56
无问题14142.22
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贵州省611所基层医疗机构医院感染管理现况研究
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李凌竹 , 王颜颜 , 姚尧 , 李晶晶 , 程敏 , 陈敏 , 吴丽萍 , 杨曦
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(9): 1620-1624
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(9): 1620-1624
贵州省611所基层医疗机构医院感染管理现况研究
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李凌竹, 王颜颜 , 姚尧, 李晶晶, 程敏, 陈敏, 吴丽萍, 杨曦
作者信息
  • 贵州医科大学附属医院医院感染管理科，贵州 贵阳 550004

    • 李凌竹（1985—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：医院感染管理

通讯作者:

王颜颜，E-mail:
Study on the management of nosocomial infection in 611 primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province
Ling-zhu LI, Yan-yan WANG , Yao YAO, Jing-jing LI, Min CHENG, Min CHEN, Li-ping WU, Xi YANG
Affiliations
  • Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311209
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摘要
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目的

掌握贵州省基层医疗机构医院感染管理现况，为后续规范基层医疗机构医院感染管理专业发展提供依据。

方法

采用电子问卷普查方法，对贵州省基层医疗机构在2022年4月1—30日医院感染管理情况进行调查，收到有效问卷611份。

结果

611所基层医疗机构中，401所医疗机构设置医院感染委员会，149所医疗机构设置独立医院感染管理部门，321所医疗机构配备医院感染管理专职人员，573所医疗机构配备医院感染管理兼职人员。321所基层医疗机构共配备医院感染管理专职人员334名，平均年龄为（35.19±8.57）岁，性别以女性为主，专业上以护理为主，学历以本科及以下为主。对不同类型基层医疗机构医院感染管理情况进行对比分析，在年龄、专业背景、学历、院感科工作年限上均存在差异（P<0.05）。从医院感染管理专职人员关注点调查来看，关注的问题主要是待遇问题。

结论

贵州省民营基层医疗机构医院感染管理组织架构建设还需加强，部分专职人员从事医院感染管理工作时限短，需要加强能力提升培训。

基层医疗机构  /  医院感染管理  /  现况研究
Objective

To understand the current situation of nosocomial infection management in primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province, and to provide reference for standardizing the professional development of nosocomial infection management in primary medical institutions.

Methods

By using the method of electronic questionnaire survey, the management of nosocomial infection in primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province from April 1 to 30, 2022 was investigated, and 611 valid questionnaires were retrieved.

Results

Among the 611 primary health care institutions, 401 medical institutions set up nosocomial infection committees, 149 medical institutions set up independent nosocomial infection management departments, 321 medical institutions were equipped with full-time staff for nosocomial infection management, and 573 medical institutions were equipped with part-time staff for nosocomial infection management. In total, 321 primary health care institutions were equipped with 334 full-time staff for nosocomial infection management. The average age was (35.19±8.57) years old, the gender was mainly female, the major was nursing, and the degree was bachelor degree or below. The management of nosocomial infection in different types of primary health care institutions was compared and analyzed, and there were differences in age, professional background, educational background, and working years of nosocomial infection department (P < 0.05). The focus of the full-time staff of nosocomial infection management was the issue of salary.

Conclusion

The construction of the organizational structure of nosocomial infection management in private grass-roots medical institutions in Guizhou Province needs to be strengthened, and some full-time staff are engaged in nosocomial infection management for a short time, so they need to strengthen their ability and training.

Primary medical institutions  /  Nosocomial infection management  /  Current situation study
李凌竹, 王颜颜, 姚尧, 李晶晶, 程敏, 陈敏, 吴丽萍, 杨曦. 贵州省611所基层医疗机构医院感染管理现况研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1620 -1624 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311209
Ling-zhu LI, Yan-yan WANG, Yao YAO, Jing-jing LI, Min CHENG, Min CHEN, Li-ping WU, Xi YANG. Study on the management of nosocomial infection in 611 primary medical institutions in Guizhou Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1620 -1624 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311209
正文
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医疗机构的感染防控工作是医疗质量安全工作的重要组成部分。做好医疗机构的感染防控工作是医疗质量安全的底线要求，也是医疗机构开展诊疗活动中必须履行的基本职责。随着新冠肺炎疫情的发生，各国对医疗机构感染防控工作更加重视，医疗机构感染防控队伍建设问题得到明显关注。近年来，国家卫生健康委相继印发多个通知和要求都强调了医疗机构医院感染防控的重要性和医院感染管理专职人员的配备与培养。在我国，基层医疗机构占据我国医疗卫生机构总数的94%以上[1]。其主要提供慢性病、常见病的基础医疗服务。随着基层医疗机构医疗服务的增加，其医院感染管理工作中存在的问题也日渐凸显。为了了解贵州省基层医疗机构医院感染管理现况，特开展本次现况调查，通过分析探讨目前贵州省基层医疗机构医院感染管理组织建设现状，医院感染专职人员队伍建设现况，为后续规范基层医疗机构医院感染管理专业发展提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　调查对象
调查时间为2022年4月1—30日，调查对象为贵州省基层医疗机构（乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务中心及基层民营医院）。共回收到基层医疗机构有效问卷611份。
1.2　调查方法
采用电子问卷开展调查。根据2021年国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制综合组印发的《关于进一步加强医疗机构感控人员配备管理相关工作的通知》相关内容自制现况调查表，调查包括医疗机构基本情况、医疗机构感控部门设置情况、医疗机构感控专（兼）职人员配备情况等内容。
1.3　统计学方法
采用EXCEL 2017双人双录调查数据并建立数据库，使用SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计分析。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　基层医疗机构基本情况
本次共收取调查问卷611份。其中，社区卫生服务中心52个，乡镇卫生院370个，基层其他医院189个。见表1。
2.2　医院感染管理组织结构情况
结果显示，401所医疗机构设置医院感染委员会，占65.10%；149所医疗机构设置独立医院感染管理部门，占24.19%；321所医疗机构配备医院感染管理专职人员，占52.11%；573所医疗机构配备医院感染管理兼职人员，占93.02%，其中开放床位数≥100张的基层医疗机构在医院感染管理委员会、设置独立的医院感染管理部门及配备感控专职人员的比例，均高于开放床位数<100张的基层医疗机构（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.3　医院感染管理专职人员配备情况
对院感专职人员基本情况进行调查。统计结果显示，接受调查的616所基层医疗机构，共有院感专职人员334名，平均年龄为（35.19±8.57）岁；兼职人员1 484名，平均每个医疗机构兼职感控人员2名。对性别、专业背景、学历、职称等内容进行分析，统计结果显示，专职人员以女性为主，学历本科及以下为主，专业以护理为主，职称以初级为主，见表3。将乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务中心及其他基层医疗机构（未定级医疗机构）医院感染专职人员基本情况进行对比，结果显示在年龄、专业背景、学历、院感科工作年限上的差异具有统计学意义。见表4。
2.4　医院感染管理专职人员收入满意度及关注点调查情况
本次对专职人员的收入满意度及在感控部门关注点进行调查，结果显示，在334名专职人员中，超过一半人员数量觉得收入一般，最关注的问题主要集中在待遇和职业地位上。见表5。
3　讨论
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从医院感染管理体系来看，虽按照国家相关要求，开放床位数超过100张的医疗机构才需要设置医院感染管理委员会和独立的医院感染管理部门。但本次调查结果显示，在接受调查的基层医疗机构中，仍有401所医疗机构成立了医院感染管理委员会，占65.10%，其中，25所开放床位数≥100张的医疗机构中，仍有4所医疗机构未按照要求设置医院感染管理委员会，9所医疗机构未设置独立的医院感染管理部门，均为民营医疗机构。149所基层医疗机构设置了独立的医院感染管理部门，占所有调查医疗机构的24.18%。这和2016年全国的调查结果相近[2]。随着新冠肺炎疫情的发生，各级各类医疗机构对医院感染管理重视程度增加，全国基层医疗机构的医院感染管理体系建立越发完善，医院感染管理委员会成立，并独立设置医院感染管理部门的比例应该有所增加[3]，由此可见，贵州地区的基层医疗机构医院感染管理组织体系建设较为薄弱，仍需进一步加强。值得注意的是基层的民营医疗机构仍有未按照国家相关要求设置医院感染管理委员会和医院感染管理部门的情况，建议可由县级卫生行政部门督促医疗
机构完成医院感染管理组织体系的规范建设工作，县级医院感染管理质量控制中心定期对辖区内的医疗机构医院感染管理组织体系建设情况进行督查和指导。
医院感染管理专职人员能力是医疗机构医院感染管理能力的关键要素。医院感染管理人才队伍建设是提高医院感染管理能力的重要途径。从本次研究发现，贵州省基层医疗机构医院感染专职人员以女性为主，这与大部分报道结果一致[4-6]，且专职人员的平均年龄为35岁，平均年龄明显低于福建省报道[7]。说明该地区的基层医院感染专职队伍逐渐趋于年轻化。值得关注的是，医院感染管理专职人员需要掌握多专业的基础知识，并需要在实践中积累丰富的经验，才能很好的发现医院感染风险。在本次调查中，有40.72%的专职人员在医院感染管理部门工作时长小于1年，说明部分医疗机构是在新冠肺炎疫情发生以后配备的专职人员，该部分人员缺乏系统培训和实践经验，需要对这一部分人群进行系统的培训和考核。通过专业结构来看，基层医疗机构的医院感染管理专职人员仍以护理专业为主。这与贵州省2021年二级及以上医院的报道结果一致[8]，但从数据上看，贵州省基层医疗机构医院感染管理专职人员护理专业的占比明显高于二级及以上医疗机构医院感染管理专职人员的专业，专业结构上仍较为单一；从学历上来看，基层医疗机构医院感染专职人员专科和本科学历各占一半，这与湖南省和甘肃省的报道相比[9-10]，本次调查本科学历人员占比明显增大，略低于上海的报道[11]。这也从侧面反映医院感染管理人才队伍建设得到了医疗机构的重视；从接受培训的情况来看，虽大部分医院感染管理专职人员接受过院外的统一感控专业培训，但仍有27.25%的专职人员未参与过医院感染管理专职人员的专项培训。因此，仍应加强基层医疗机构医院感染管理专兼职人员的培训工作，保证基层医疗机构院感防控顺利开展。将不同类型基层医疗机构的感控专职人员基本信息进行比较发现，乡镇卫生院感控专职人员主要集中在30～50岁，而其他未定级医疗机构的感控专职人员主要集中在30岁以下；从学历构成来看，乡镇卫生院感控专职人员以本科学历为主，占67.42%，而基层民营医疗机构以专科学历为主，占77.86%，此结果表明，基层民营医疗机构的感控人才队伍的建设仍需加强。
从对医院感染管理专职人员收入满意度及关心问题调查来看。仅33.53%的人员对收入满意。并且从关注点来看，待遇问题仍然是专职人员最关注的问题。与这与张志刚[12]的报道结果一致。这说明在关注医院感染专职人员能力建设的同时，同时也需要关注专职人员的待遇、职称晋升等问题，保证感控专职人员队伍的稳定性。
本研究仍存在局限性。一是调查虽采用普查方式，但回收的有效问卷并未覆盖全省所有基层医疗机构；二是调查过程的质量控制仍存在不足，未能严格审核问卷填写质量。但值得一提的是，本研究回收问卷范围覆盖了我省基层医疗机构的各种类型，且有效问卷数量较多，故问卷所揭示的问题仍然具有一定代表性。据此，后续研究改进将在人力资源允许的情况下，采用普查及“面对面”访谈方式开展以减少偏倚，以期获取全省基层医疗机构医院感染相关数据，进一步为卫生行政部门对基层医疗机构的医院感染建设能力管理建言献策。
综上所述，贵州省的基层医疗机构大部分规模较小（开放床位数<100张占95.91%），且民营医疗机构占比也达到约三分之一（30.28%）。因此，贵州省在推进基层医疗机构的医院感染管理工作时，建议工作重点放在以下几个方面：第一，关注民营医疗机构的医院感染管理组织体系建设，特别是对于开放床位数≥100张床的民营医疗机构，该类医疗机构其规模在基层医疗机构中已属于较大规模，收治患者较多，故医院感染发生风险大于其他基层医疗机构。第二，应通过各种方法加强基层医院感染管理专职人员的能力提升。医院感染专职人员应能掌握医院感染防控基本知识、各级卫生行政部门医院感染管理要求，并要具备本级别医疗机构医院感染风险识别、风险评估及风险控制的能力。建议各县级卫生行政部门积极建立县级医院感染管理质量控制中心，通过对辖区内的基层医疗机构医院感染管理专职人员进行针对性培训、提供进修机会等方法，全面提升基层医院感染管理专职人员能力。同时，可在薪资和职称晋升上对优秀的基层医院感染管理专职人员进行倾斜，防止人才流失。以“聚焦重点问题，关注重点对象”为原则，大力解决基层医疗机构医院感染管理难点，切实提升基层医疗机构的医院感染管理能力。
基金
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  • 贵州省科技计划基础研究项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般476)
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般031)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第51卷第9期
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文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311209
  • 接收时间：2023-11-12
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-12
基金
贵州省科技计划基础研究项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般476)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般031)
作者信息
    贵州医科大学附属医院医院感染管理科，贵州 贵阳 550004

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王颜颜，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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