Article(id=1240972417468789141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311459, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700928000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800480476, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800480476, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800480476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800480476, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1580, endPage=1585, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972417821110706, articleId=1240972417468789141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the status and distribution characteristics of indoor environmental microbial pollution at a metro station of a city in central south China, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the status and distribution characteristics of microbial pollution on the surface of indoor air and public facilities at a metro station of a city in the central south China.

Methods

The total number of bacteria and fungi in the air and those of bacteria, fungi, coliform, and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of key public facilities were sampled and detected. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

The median of the total number of bacteria and fungi in the indoor air of metro station was 194.35 and 346.29 CFU/m3, respectively, the median of the total number of bacteria and fungi on the surface was 15.00CFU/25cm2 and 0.00CFU/50cm2, and the positive rates of coliform group and Staphylococcus aureus were 2.22% and 11.11%, respectively. There were differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of microorganisms in the indoor air of the metro: the total number of bacteria in the station hall was the highest and the total number of fungi in the platform was the highest; the total number of bacteria was the highest in the early peak period and the highest in the evening peak period. The total number of bacteria and fungi on the surface of the ticket inspection machine was higher than that of other public facilities, the total number of fungi on the surface of public facilities at noon was lower than that in the evening peak period, and the positive rate of coliform group was lower than that in the morning peak period. The total number of bacteria in the indoor air of subway station was negatively correlated with temperature (β=-0.06,95%CI: -0.11 to -0.01) and wind speed (β=-0.28, 95%CI: -0.55 to -0.01). The total number of air fungi was positively correlated with relative humidity (β=0.01, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.02) and negatively correlated with PM2.5 (β=-0.01, 95%CI: -0.02 to-0.01). There was a negative correlation between the total number of bacteria on the surface and PM2.5 (β=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.07 to -0.02).

Conclusion

The level of microorganisms in indoor environment of three metro stations in a city in the central south China is low, and the surface of public facilities is contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. The distribution of bacterial and fungal concentrations in metro stations vary among regions and time periods, which is related to temperature, humidity, wind speed, and PM2.5.

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目的

了解中南某市地下地铁站室内空气和公共设施物体表面微生物污染状况及分布特征。

方法

对中南某市三座地铁站室内不同区域、时间段空气细菌和真菌总数,重点公共设施表面细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌进行采样检测。采用多元线性回归和logistic回归进行影响因素分析。

结果

地铁站室内空气细菌和真菌总数中位数分别为194.35和346.29CFU/m3;物表细菌和真菌总数中位数分别为15.00CFU/25cm2和0CFU/50cm2,大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为2.22%和11.11%。地铁站室内空气微生物水平存在时空分布差异,其中站厅内细菌总数最高,站台内真菌总数最高;早高峰时段细菌总数最高,晚高峰时段真菌总数最高。检票机表面细菌和真菌总数均高于其他公共设施,中午公共设施表面真菌总数低于晚高峰时段,大肠菌群阳性率低于早高峰时段。地铁站室内空气细菌总数与温度(β=-0.06,95%CI:-0.11~-0.01)和风速(β=-0.28,95%CI:-0.55~-0.01)呈负相关关系;空气真菌总数与相对湿度(β=0.01,95%CI:0~0.02)呈正相关关系,与PM2.5β=-0.01,95%CI:-0.02~-0.01)呈负相关关系;物表细菌总数与PM2.5β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07~-0.02)呈负相关关系。

结论

中南某市三座地铁站室内环境微生物水平较低,公共设施物体表面存在致病菌的污染。地铁站细菌和真菌浓度在不同区域和时间段的分布规律存在差异,且与温度、湿度、风速及PM2.5有关。

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苏丽琴,E-mail:
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罗姣(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康研究

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Science of the Total Environment, 2023,860: 160445., articleTitle=Comparison of airborne bacteria and fungi in different built environments in selected cities in five climate zones of China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240986279823856089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, awardId=2021YFC2600501, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600501), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240986279899353564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986262597850028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986262606238638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, companyId=1240986262597850028, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health and Health,Guizhou Medical University Guiyang, Guiyang 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986262614627246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, companyId=1240986262597850028, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986262782399420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986262790788027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, companyId=1240986262782399420, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986263076000713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986263080195018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, companyId=1240986263076000713, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖南省疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986263239578581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986263252161496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, companyId=1240986263239578581, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.湘潭市疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986263533179870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986263541568481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, companyId=1240986263533179870, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986277869310389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Stratified analysis of the total number of airborne bacteria and fungi in metro stations, figureFileSmall=W+Z+Avvu7jQlcWtBZKA8Jw==, figureFileBig=1tGJ0Dt9VzYvYa5zH4daXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986278108385719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=CN, label=图1, caption=地铁站室内空气细菌、真菌总数分布分层分析

注:*P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=W+Z+Avvu7jQlcWtBZKA8Jw==, figureFileBig=1tGJ0Dt9VzYvYa5zH4daXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986278217437629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Monitoring conditions of hygiene indicators in different areas and monitoring periods of metro stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量区域时间段
车厢
n=36)
站台
n=54)
站厅
n=54)
HP早高峰
n=48)
中午
n=48)
晚高峰
n=48)
HP
温度(℃)23.25(22.70,
24.23)
23.60(22.73,
25.28)
23.75(23.00,
25.83)
5.320.07223.50
(23,25.35)
23.60
(22.88,25.43)
23.65(22.78,
24.43)
0.130.936
相对湿度
(%)
81.40
(80.00,84.80)
85.30(83.20,
88.38)b
84.30(80.23,
87.08)
8.630.01384.20(80.00,
87.20)
85.00
(80.65,88.05)
83.90(80.50,
88.08)
0.370.832
风速(m/s)0.09
(0.05,0.50)
0.07
(0.03,0.17)
0.08
(0.03,0.18)
3.680.1040.12
(0.04,0.21)
0.08
(0.04,0.20)
0.08
(0.04,0.14)
0.610.653
CO2(%)0.06
(0.04,0.06)
0.06
(0.04,0.07)
0.06
(0.04,0.07)
0.930.6290.06
(0.04,0.07)
0.06
(0.04,0.06)
0.06
(0.04,0.07)
1.970.373
PM10(μg/m3)23.00
(19.75,26.00)
24.50
(22.00,27.00)
22.50
(20.00,27.00)
3.500.17422.00
(18.25,26.00)
23.50
(20.75,26.00)
26.00
(21.00,29.00)d,e
11.840.003
PM2.5(μg/m3)27.00
(21.00,32.50)
28.50
(20.25,35.00)
26.00
(18.00,32.75)
2.010.36627.50
(18.00,34.75)
29.00
(19.00,34.00)
27.00
(21.00,32.00)
0.130.936
细菌总数
(CFU/m3)
170.00
(91.87,263.25)
177.00
(136.04,337.46)
243.82
(171.38,429.33)b,c
9.800.007272.08
(148.41,492.93)
169.61
(116.61,240.28)d
183.75
(139.58,383.39)
9.240.010
真菌总数
(CFU/m3)
250.88
(201.41,318.02)
477.03
(355.12,662.54)b
335.69
(242.05,416.96)c
47.01<0.001321.55
(250.88,461.13)
282.69
(226.15,392.23)
416.96
(312.72,484.10)e
7.040.030
), ArticleFig(id=1240986278343266750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地铁站不同区域、监测时段各项卫生学指标监测情况[MP25P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量区域时间段
车厢
n=36)
站台
n=54)
站厅
n=54)
HP早高峰
n=48)
中午
n=48)
晚高峰
n=48)
HP
温度(℃)23.25(22.70,
24.23)
23.60(22.73,
25.28)
23.75(23.00,
25.83)
5.320.07223.50
(23,25.35)
23.60
(22.88,25.43)
23.65(22.78,
24.43)
0.130.936
相对湿度
(%)
81.40
(80.00,84.80)
85.30(83.20,
88.38)b
84.30(80.23,
87.08)
8.630.01384.20(80.00,
87.20)
85.00
(80.65,88.05)
83.90(80.50,
88.08)
0.370.832
风速(m/s)0.09
(0.05,0.50)
0.07
(0.03,0.17)
0.08
(0.03,0.18)
3.680.1040.12
(0.04,0.21)
0.08
(0.04,0.20)
0.08
(0.04,0.14)
0.610.653
CO2(%)0.06
(0.04,0.06)
0.06
(0.04,0.07)
0.06
(0.04,0.07)
0.930.6290.06
(0.04,0.07)
0.06
(0.04,0.06)
0.06
(0.04,0.07)
1.970.373
PM10(μg/m3)23.00
(19.75,26.00)
24.50
(22.00,27.00)
22.50
(20.00,27.00)
3.500.17422.00
(18.25,26.00)
23.50
(20.75,26.00)
26.00
(21.00,29.00)d,e
11.840.003
PM2.5(μg/m3)27.00
(21.00,32.50)
28.50
(20.25,35.00)
26.00
(18.00,32.75)
2.010.36627.50
(18.00,34.75)
29.00
(19.00,34.00)
27.00
(21.00,32.00)
0.130.936
细菌总数
(CFU/m3)
170.00
(91.87,263.25)
177.00
(136.04,337.46)
243.82
(171.38,429.33)b,c
9.800.007272.08
(148.41,492.93)
169.61
(116.61,240.28)d
183.75
(139.58,383.39)
9.240.010
真菌总数
(CFU/m3)
250.88
(201.41,318.02)
477.03
(355.12,662.54)b
335.69
(242.05,416.96)c
47.01<0.001321.55
(250.88,461.13)
282.69
(226.15,392.23)
416.96
(312.72,484.10)e
7.040.030
), ArticleFig(id=1240986278477484482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of microorganisms on the surface of public facilities in metro stations [MP25P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量检票机(n=54)售票机(n=18)直梯按钮(n=36)扶梯扶手(n=36)立柱壁(n=36)H/χ2P
细菌总数100.0022.5010.005.002.5050.58<0.001
(CFU/25cm2)(30.00,220)(6.87,121.25)(3.12,73.12)b(0,25.00)b,c(0,7.50)b,c,d
真菌总数10.005.00002.5024.42<0.001
(CFU/50cm2)(0,30.00)(0,11.20)(0,5.00)b,c(0,5.00)b,c(0,10.00)b
大肠菌群阳性2(3.70)0(0)0(0)1(2.78)1(2.78)1.780.940
金黄色葡萄球菌阳性5(9.26)3(16.67)4(11.11)6(16.67)2(5.56)3.160.537
), ArticleFig(id=1240986278641062341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地铁站公共设施物体表面微生物分布[MP25P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量检票机(n=54)售票机(n=18)直梯按钮(n=36)扶梯扶手(n=36)立柱壁(n=36)H/χ2P
细菌总数100.0022.5010.005.002.5050.58<0.001
(CFU/25cm2)(30.00,220)(6.87,121.25)(3.12,73.12)b(0,25.00)b,c(0,7.50)b,c,d
真菌总数10.005.00002.5024.42<0.001
(CFU/50cm2)(0,30.00)(0,11.20)(0,5.00)b,c(0,5.00)b,c(0,10.00)b
大肠菌群阳性2(3.70)0(0)0(0)1(2.78)1(2.78)1.780.940
金黄色葡萄球菌阳性5(9.26)3(16.67)4(11.11)6(16.67)2(5.56)3.160.537
), ArticleFig(id=1240986278959829449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution of microorganisms on public facilities at different monitoring periods in metro stations [MP25P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量早高峰(n=60)中午(n=60)晚高峰(n=60)H/χ2P
细菌总数(CFU/25cm2)16.25(2.50,57.50)15.00(3.1,82.50)16.25(2.50,197.50)0.910.634
真菌总数(CFU/50cm2)0(0,10.00)5.00(0,13.75)0(0,5.00)c7.580.023
大肠菌群阳性4(6.67)0(0)b0(0)5.820.035
金黄色葡萄球菌阳性4(6.67)8(13.33)8(13.33)1.870.439
), ArticleFig(id=1240986279173738956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

地铁站不同监测时段公共设施物表微生物分布情况[MP25P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量早高峰(n=60)中午(n=60)晚高峰(n=60)H/χ2P
细菌总数(CFU/25cm2)16.25(2.50,57.50)15.00(3.1,82.50)16.25(2.50,197.50)0.910.634
真菌总数(CFU/50cm2)0(0,10.00)5.00(0,13.75)0(0,5.00)c7.580.023
大肠菌群阳性4(6.67)0(0)b0(0)5.820.035
金黄色葡萄球菌阳性4(6.67)8(13.33)8(13.33)1.870.439
), ArticleFig(id=1240986279291179472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression analysis of influencing factors of indoor environmental microorganisms in metro stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量空气物表
细菌总数b真菌总数b细菌总数b真菌总数b大肠菌群c金黄色葡萄球菌c
温度-0.06(-0.11~-0.01)d-0.03(-0.07~0)-0.07(-0.24~0.09)0.08(-0.14~0.30)1.13(0.50~2.32)0.79(0.52~1.15)
相对湿度0.01(-0.01~0.02)0.01(0~0.02)d0.01(-0.05~0.06)0.03(-0.04~0.10)1.08(0.82~1.43)1.08(0.95~1.23)
风速-0.28(-0.55~-0.01)d0.04(-0.16~0.23)0.03(-1.43~1.49)-0.18(-1.98~1.62)1.11(0.38~3.10)0.83(0.50~1.34)
CO2-0.11(-1.05~0.83)0.20(-0.47~0.86)0.17(-9.35~9.68)3.30(-8.76~15.36)0.54(0.01~9.64)0.77(0.16~3.10)
PM2.50(-0.01~0.01)-0.01(-0.02~-0.01)d-0.04(-0.07~-0.02)d-0.02(-0.06~0.02)0.99(0.88~1.13)1.03(0.97~1.09)
PM10-0.02(-0.04~0)0.01(0~0.03)0.04(-0.01~0.09)-0.02(-0.07~0.04)0.94(0.76~1.15)1.01(0.92~1.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986279396037076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972417468789141, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

地铁站室内环境微生物的影响因素的回归分析a

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量空气物表
细菌总数b真菌总数b细菌总数b真菌总数b大肠菌群c金黄色葡萄球菌c
温度-0.06(-0.11~-0.01)d-0.03(-0.07~0)-0.07(-0.24~0.09)0.08(-0.14~0.30)1.13(0.50~2.32)0.79(0.52~1.15)
相对湿度0.01(-0.01~0.02)0.01(0~0.02)d0.01(-0.05~0.06)0.03(-0.04~0.10)1.08(0.82~1.43)1.08(0.95~1.23)
风速-0.28(-0.55~-0.01)d0.04(-0.16~0.23)0.03(-1.43~1.49)-0.18(-1.98~1.62)1.11(0.38~3.10)0.83(0.50~1.34)
CO2-0.11(-1.05~0.83)0.20(-0.47~0.86)0.17(-9.35~9.68)3.30(-8.76~15.36)0.54(0.01~9.64)0.77(0.16~3.10)
PM2.50(-0.01~0.01)-0.01(-0.02~-0.01)d-0.04(-0.07~-0.02)d-0.02(-0.06~0.02)0.99(0.88~1.13)1.03(0.97~1.09)
PM10-0.02(-0.04~0)0.01(0~0.03)0.04(-0.01~0.09)-0.02(-0.07~0.04)0.94(0.76~1.15)1.01(0.92~1.11)
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中南某市地铁站室内环境微生物污染状况及分布特征研究
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罗姣 1, 2 , 苏丽琴 1, 2 , 葛覃兮 2 , 邵冉起 2 , 李峰 2 , 奚伟豪 2 , 程淑燕 1, 2 , 周纯良 3 , 彭蔚 4 , 桂卓嘉 4 , 彭敏兰 4 , 杨敏 4 , 洪峰 1 , 张必科 5 , 王先良 2 , 姚孝元 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024,51(9): 1580-1585
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024, 51(9): 1580-1585
中南某市地铁站室内环境微生物污染状况及分布特征研究
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罗姣1, 2, 苏丽琴1, 2 , 葛覃兮2, 邵冉起2, 李峰2, 奚伟豪2, 程淑燕1, 2, 周纯良3, 彭蔚4, 桂卓嘉4, 彭敏兰4, 杨敏4, 洪峰1, 张必科5, 王先良2, 姚孝元2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京 100050
  • 3.湖南省疾病预防控制中心
  • 4.湘潭市疾病预防控制中心
  • 5.中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所
  • 罗姣(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康研究

通讯作者:

苏丽琴,E-mail:
Study on the status and distribution characteristics of indoor environmental microbial pollution at a metro station of a city in central south China
Jiao LUO1, 2, Li-qin SU1, 2 , Qin-xi GE2, Ran-qi SHAO2, Feng LI2, Wei-hao XI2, Shu-yan CHENG1, 2, Chun-liang ZHOU3, Wei PENG4, Zhuo-jia GUI4, Min-lan PENG4, Min YANG4, Feng HONG1, Bi-ke ZHANG5, Xian-liang WANG2, Xiao-yuan YAO2
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health and Health,Guizhou Medical University Guiyang, Guiyang 561113, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311459
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目的

了解中南某市地下地铁站室内空气和公共设施物体表面微生物污染状况及分布特征。

方法

对中南某市三座地铁站室内不同区域、时间段空气细菌和真菌总数,重点公共设施表面细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌进行采样检测。采用多元线性回归和logistic回归进行影响因素分析。

结果

地铁站室内空气细菌和真菌总数中位数分别为194.35和346.29CFU/m3;物表细菌和真菌总数中位数分别为15.00CFU/25cm2和0CFU/50cm2,大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为2.22%和11.11%。地铁站室内空气微生物水平存在时空分布差异,其中站厅内细菌总数最高,站台内真菌总数最高;早高峰时段细菌总数最高,晚高峰时段真菌总数最高。检票机表面细菌和真菌总数均高于其他公共设施,中午公共设施表面真菌总数低于晚高峰时段,大肠菌群阳性率低于早高峰时段。地铁站室内空气细菌总数与温度(β=-0.06,95%CI:-0.11~-0.01)和风速(β=-0.28,95%CI:-0.55~-0.01)呈负相关关系;空气真菌总数与相对湿度(β=0.01,95%CI:0~0.02)呈正相关关系,与PM2.5β=-0.01,95%CI:-0.02~-0.01)呈负相关关系;物表细菌总数与PM2.5β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07~-0.02)呈负相关关系。

结论

中南某市三座地铁站室内环境微生物水平较低,公共设施物体表面存在致病菌的污染。地铁站细菌和真菌浓度在不同区域和时间段的分布规律存在差异,且与温度、湿度、风速及PM2.5有关。

地铁站  /  微生物污染  /  室内空气  /  物体表面  /  时空分布
Objective

To investigate the status and distribution characteristics of microbial pollution on the surface of indoor air and public facilities at a metro station of a city in the central south China.

Methods

The total number of bacteria and fungi in the air and those of bacteria, fungi, coliform, and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of key public facilities were sampled and detected. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

The median of the total number of bacteria and fungi in the indoor air of metro station was 194.35 and 346.29 CFU/m3, respectively, the median of the total number of bacteria and fungi on the surface was 15.00CFU/25cm2 and 0.00CFU/50cm2, and the positive rates of coliform group and Staphylococcus aureus were 2.22% and 11.11%, respectively. There were differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of microorganisms in the indoor air of the metro: the total number of bacteria in the station hall was the highest and the total number of fungi in the platform was the highest; the total number of bacteria was the highest in the early peak period and the highest in the evening peak period. The total number of bacteria and fungi on the surface of the ticket inspection machine was higher than that of other public facilities, the total number of fungi on the surface of public facilities at noon was lower than that in the evening peak period, and the positive rate of coliform group was lower than that in the morning peak period. The total number of bacteria in the indoor air of subway station was negatively correlated with temperature (β=-0.06,95%CI: -0.11 to -0.01) and wind speed (β=-0.28, 95%CI: -0.55 to -0.01). The total number of air fungi was positively correlated with relative humidity (β=0.01, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.02) and negatively correlated with PM2.5 (β=-0.01, 95%CI: -0.02 to-0.01). There was a negative correlation between the total number of bacteria on the surface and PM2.5 (β=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.07 to -0.02).

Conclusion

The level of microorganisms in indoor environment of three metro stations in a city in the central south China is low, and the surface of public facilities is contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. The distribution of bacterial and fungal concentrations in metro stations vary among regions and time periods, which is related to temperature, humidity, wind speed, and PM2.5.

Metro station  /  Microbial pollution  /  Indoor air  /  Object surface  /  Temporal and spatial distribution
罗姣, 苏丽琴, 葛覃兮, 邵冉起, 李峰, 奚伟豪, 程淑燕, 周纯良, 彭蔚, 桂卓嘉, 彭敏兰, 杨敏, 洪峰, 张必科, 王先良, 姚孝元. 中南某市地铁站室内环境微生物污染状况及分布特征研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1580 -1585 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311459
Jiao LUO, Li-qin SU, Qin-xi GE, Ran-qi SHAO, Feng LI, Wei-hao XI, Shu-yan CHENG, Chun-liang ZHOU, Wei PENG, Zhuo-jia GUI, Min-lan PENG, Min YANG, Feng HONG, Bi-ke ZHANG, Xian-liang WANG, Xiao-yuan YAO. Study on the status and distribution characteristics of indoor environmental microbial pollution at a metro station of a city in central south China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1580 -1585 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311459
室内环境微生物主要包括细菌、真菌、病毒等,它们可悬浮在空气中形成气溶胶,也能附着于各式物体表面[1]。研究显示,新冠肺炎和流感等传染性疾病的病原体可通过空气中的飞沫或附着于颗粒物上进行传播,尤其在密闭环境中可迅速播散,对人群健康安全构成极大威胁[2]。研究还发现某些病原微生物在物体表面具有较强的生存能力,在塑料和不锈钢等材质的物表上存活时间甚至更长[3],意味着人们一旦接触被这些致病微生物污染的表面,可能面临感染的风险。地铁站环境相对封闭,自然通风不足且缺乏阳光照射,不利于微生物的稀释和消除。同时,地铁站内人员密集,流动性大,健康与非健康个体混杂,公共设施在场所内供市民频繁交叉、反复触摸,极易造成微生物交叉污染,甚至是疾病的蔓延。因此,对地铁站室内微生物污染的研究显得尤为重要。
随着我国地铁交通飞速发展,地铁站室内微生物污染状况引起了政府和公众的高度关切。来自北京[4]、上海[5]、苏州[6]、武汉[7]等地的研究显示,地铁站室内环境存在一定的微生物污染风险,但研究指标多关注室内空气细菌和真菌总数,且关于公共设施物体表面微生物污染状况的报道极少。尚未见同时检测标准规定的空气及物体表面细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌四项指标的报道。此外,既往研究多仅在某一时段进行采样检测,不同研究选择的时段不一,研究结果的可比性较差。为填补上述不足,揭示地铁站室内空气和物体表面微生物污染状况及分布特征,本研究选择中南某市典型地铁站开展精细调查,以期为地铁站室内环境微生物污染的精准防控提供科学依据。
2023年7月,于中南某市选取三个有代表性的地下地铁车站作为研究对象。其中一个车站为线路换乘站,一个车站为高铁接驳站,一个车站为独立车站。
监测指标主要包括空气细菌总数和真菌总数,检票机、售票机屏幕、直梯按钮、自动扶梯扶手和站台立柱壁五类公共设施物体表面细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌。
每天监测三个时段,即早高峰(7:00—9:00)、中午(11:00—13:00)和晚高峰(18:00—20:00),每个时段监测一次,连续监测两天(均为工作日)。
每个车站设置八个监测采样点,具体在站厅室内对称的两个安检口处以及中部各设置一个监测点,站台两端和中部各设置一个监测点,另外选择经过该站点列车车厢(共八节车厢)的第二和第六节车厢各一个监测点。监测点位置避开通风口,并距离墙壁1 m左右,采样高度为1.2~1.5 m。根据《公共场所卫生检验方法第3部分:空气微生物》(GB/T 18204.3-2013),撞击法采集空气微生物。同时,参照《公共场所卫生检验方法第1部分:物理因素》(GB/T 18204.1-2013)和《公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物》(GB/T 18204.2-2014)在每个监测点采用仪器现场直读温度、相对湿度、风速、CO2、PM2.5和PM10
使用无菌棉签于10 ml无菌生理盐水中浸润后对公共区域的售票机屏幕、检票机、直梯按钮、自动扶梯扶手和站台立柱墙壁表面进行涂抹采样。依据《公共场所卫生检验方法第4部分:公共用品用具微生物》(GB/T 18204.4-2013),检测公共设施物体表面的细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌。
参照《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019),空气菌落总数>4 000CFU/m3为超标,物体表面菌落总数>300CFU/25cm2为超标,公共设施物体表面不得检出大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌。参照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(WS 10013-2023),集中空调通风系统冷却水、冷凝水中不得检出嗜肺军团菌。
采样及实验室检测人员均经过统一严格的培训,所用设备均经过检定校准。现场采样、实验室检测过程中的每批样品均设置空白样。
使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据集进行统计分析。本次研究对连续变量进行正态性检验后发现其均不符合正态分布,故以四分位间距[MP25P75)]进行统计描述,分类变量以例数和百分比进行统计描述。使用Kruskal-wallis检验和χ2检验比较不同区域、时间段地铁站室内微生物浓度或阳性率的差异。将细菌和真菌总数经对数转换(log10)后采用多元线性回归探索环境细菌和真菌总数的影响因素。此外,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析物表大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌污染的影响因素。检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查共采集空气细菌总数和真菌总数样本各144份,公共设施物体表面涂抹棉拭子样本180份,其中售票机18份、检票机54份,扶梯扶手、直梯按钮和立柱壁各36份。地铁站室内微生物指标监测结果显示,室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数[MP25P75)]分别为194.35(134.28,346.29)和346.29(254.42,454.06)CFU/m3;公共设施物体表面细菌总数和真菌总数[MP25P75)]分别为15.00(2.50,96.25)CFU/25cm2和0(0,10.00)CFU/50cm2。地铁站室内空气和物体表面细菌总数超标率分别为0和11.11%,大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为2.22%和11.11%。此外,地铁站站台相对湿度高于车厢,晚高峰时段PM2.5高于早高峰和中午时段;温度、风速和CO2均无区域和时间分布的差异。见表1
地铁站不同区域、时间段空气微生物浓度差异性分析显示,站厅内空气细菌总数最高,站台空气真菌总数最高;早高峰时段空气细菌总数高于中午时段,晚高峰时段空气真菌总数高于中午时段,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,分别根据不同时间段的不同区域以及不同区域的不同时间段的微生物浓度进行差异性分析显示,站内微生物的浓度随着采样区域和时间段的变化,其浓度差异也存在较大区别。见图1表1
对场所内不同公共设施物体表面细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群阳性率和金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率进行差异性分析显示,表面细菌总数:检票机>售票机>直梯按钮>扶梯扶手>立柱壁;表面真菌总数:检票机>售票机>扶梯扶手,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。不同监测时段公共设施表面微生物浓度或阳性率的差异性分析显示,中午公共设施表面真菌总数高于晚高峰(P<0.05),大肠菌群阳性率低于早高峰(P<0.05),见表3
多元线性回归分析结果显示,空气细菌总数与温度(β=-0.06,95%CI:-0.11~-0.01)和风速(β=-0.28,95%CI:-0.55~-0.01)呈负相关关系;空气真菌总数与相对湿度(β=0.01,95%CI:0~0.02)呈正相关关系,与PM2.5β=-0.01,95%CI:-0.02~-0.01)呈负相关关系;物表细菌总数与PM2.5β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07~-0.02)呈负相关关系。见表4
本研究中中南某市三座地下地铁站室内空气细菌和真菌总数与北京[4]、上海[5]等地的报道相比,处于相对较低的水平;而公共设施物体表面大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率高于东莞和广州[8-9]。因此,即使地铁站室内空气微生物处于较低的水平,公共设施物体表面依然存在大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌的污染,且污染程度并不低。余韵等[10]也发现广州地铁站公共设施表面存在耐甲氧西林金葡菌、耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌等健康风险较高的病原菌的污染。提示,地铁站室内公共设施表面致病微生物的污染防治应受到重视。
地铁站室内环境微生物存在空间分布的差异。本研究中地铁站厅内空气细菌总数最高,站台空气真菌总数最高,车厢空气细菌总数和真菌总数均最低,与张海红等[6]和张霞等[11]的调查结果相似。然而,石斌等[7]和王静等[12]发现武汉和太原两地新建地铁站站台室内空气细菌总数高于站厅;张金萍等[13]发现北京地铁站车厢空气细菌总数和真菌总数均高于站台。来自伊朗和墨西哥等国家的研究也发现不同地铁站室内微生物水平出现最高或最低的区域不都相同[14-15]。不同类型公共设施表面微生物浓度和阳性率也存在差异,我们发现检票机微生物浓度和致病微生物阳性率最高,与姚振江等[9]的调查结果相似。此外也有研究显示地铁站各类公共设施表面微生物水平、多样性以及群落结构等同样存在差异,但出现最高或最低的公共设施均不同[10,16-17]。空间分布存在差异的原因可能与微生物种类、物体表面材质类型、建筑布局、使用频率等有关。因此有必要针对性地对每个地铁站开展对不同功能区的环境微生物监测,以确定各地铁站内重点防控的区域。
地铁站室内空气微生物浓度在一天内的不同时间段也存在较大的差异,本研究中呈现为早高峰时段细菌总数高于其他时段,而晚高峰空气真菌总数明显高于其他时段。李祺等[18]和张莹等[19]的的研究也发现早晚高峰空气中微生物浓度明显高于其他时段。此外,微生物多样性和组成在一天内的不同时间段也存在差异,如雅典地铁室内空气细菌丰度白天高于夜间[20];莫斯科地铁站早上室内空气和物表微生物多样性在8点左右达到最大值[21]。因此,在进行微生物监测时,应充分考虑时间因素的关键作用,避免将某一时间点的数据概括为地铁整体的微生物的常态。
本研究发现温度、相对湿度、风速和PM2.5是微生物的重要影响因素,这与Fan等[22]和Wang等[23]的研究结果一致。每种微生物都有其独特的生存环境,温湿度可通过促进微生物的释放、扩散和生长来影响微生物群落,也可通过蒸发微生物的细胞水分来影响其生存能力[22]。室内微生物易附着于颗粒物表面,以气溶胶的形式悬浮于空气中。Grydaki等[20]发现空气细菌与PM10呈正相关,而大部分真菌与PM10呈负相关。本研究与Fan等[22]和Wang等[23]的研究也发现空气真菌与PM2.5浓度呈负相关,表明颗粒物对微生物的影响可能与菌群种类有关。地铁站室内环境微生物的影响因素是复杂多样的,但具体每种因素如何影响微生物的水平、种类、生存时间以及影响程度如何等等都值得更进一步的探讨。
综上,中南某市三座地铁站室内环境微生物水平较低,但公共设施表面依然存在致病菌的污染。站内微生物污染存在区域部位和时间段的差异,且与温湿度、风速和颗粒物等有关。在进行微生物监测时,应充分考虑空间分布和时间的关键作用,避免将某一时间点和功能区的数据概括为地铁整体的微生物的常态,针对性采取消毒或其他防护措施,保障乘客身体健康。本研究存在一定局限性,研究仅在三个地铁站内展开,样本数量有限,且仅采用培养法检测环境微生物水平,较难涵盖微生物种群的全貌。未来可采用更先进的微生物分析技术针对环境中的微生物种类和组成进一步研究,以揭示地铁环境中微生物更全面的分布规律。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600501)
  • 全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目
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2024年第51卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311459
  • 接收时间:2023-11-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-26
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600501)
全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京 100050
    3.湖南省疾病预防控制中心
    4.湘潭市疾病预防控制中心
    5.中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所

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苏丽琴,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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