Article(id=1240972416806089051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311564, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701100800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800480318, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800480318, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800480318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800480318, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1550, endPage=1554, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972417099690356, articleId=1240972416806089051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis on the trend of disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the changing trend of disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide references for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for senile dementia in China.

Methods

The data of death number, mortality rate, disability adjusted life years (DALY) number and DALY rate of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the global disease burden database, and the estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) was used to analyze the change trend in terms of sex, age and exposure rate.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China showed an upward trend. The burden of women was higher than that of men, and the latter had the fatest increase. The mortality rate and DALY rate increased with the increase of age, with the fastest increase in males aged 60 to 70 years and females aged 60 to 75 years, respectively.Males had larger EAPC than females in the same age group. From 1990 to 2019, the DALY loss of senile dementia caused by high BMI had the fatest increase, and the standardized (summary exposure value) SEV rate of high BMI increased rapidly (EAPC=3.67%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2019, the burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China became heavier. With the increase of aging and obesity rate, the burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI is expected to continue to increase rapidly without no sustained and effective intervention.

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目的

分析1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担变化趋势,为我国制定老年失智症防控策略提供参考。

方法

提取全球疾病负担数据库中1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症死亡数、死亡率、DALY数、DALY率等数据,利用年估计变化百分比(EAPC)从性别、年龄、暴露率等方面分析变化趋势。

结果

1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担呈上升趋势,女性负担高于男性,男性负担增长最快。死亡率和DALY率随着年龄增加而增加,男性60~<70岁、女性60~<75岁增长最快,同一年龄组EAPC呈现男性>女性的规律。1990—2019年中国由高BMI所致的老年失智症DALY损失增长最快,高BMI的标化SEV率快速增长(EAPC= 3.67%,P<0.001)。

结论

1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症负担愈发沉重,伴随老龄化与肥胖率的加剧,若无持续有效的针对性干预措施,归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担将持续快速增长。

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周光清,E-mail:
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颜丹虹(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肥胖症

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颜丹虹(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肥胖症

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颜丹虹(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肥胖症

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Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2020, 21(11): 1592-1599.e13., articleTitle=Contributions of modifiable risk factors to dementia incidence: a bayesian network analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240986261947740709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, awardId=GD21CGL29, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD21CGL29), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240986262107124279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, awardId=2020A1414040021; 2017A030223004, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省科技计划项目(2020A1414040021; 2017A030223004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986252317618273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986252435058786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, companyId=1240986252317618273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986252447641699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, companyId=1240986252317618273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东 广州 510515)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986252518944870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986252527333479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, companyId=1240986252518944870, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南方医科大学护理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986252607025259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986252615413868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, companyId=1240986252607025259, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南方医科大学南方医院健康管理中心,广东 广州 510515)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240986252829323377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986252837711986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, companyId=1240986252829323377, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.南方医科大学南方医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986258701349269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The disease burden of dementia attributed to high BMI in different age groups and populations in 2019, figureFileSmall=uYA/FpjlBSdsJMnSDGOrKA==, figureFileBig=5HULfK9wApIpjkzpq0xCjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986259007533472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2019年不同年龄组、不同人群归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担

注:图A表示不同年龄组、不同性别的死亡率变化情况;图B表示不同年龄组、不同性别的DALY率变化情况。

, figureFileSmall=uYA/FpjlBSdsJMnSDGOrKA==, figureFileBig=5HULfK9wApIpjkzpq0xCjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986259305329076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The disease burden of dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份(年)全人群男性女性
PAF(%)19903.773.413.98
20197.647.157.97
死亡数19903 530.641 052.752 477.89
201923 787.117 502.9816 284.13
死亡率(1/10万)19900.300.170.43
20191.671.042.33
EAPC(%)1990—20196.40a6.72a6.29a
标化死亡率(1/10万)19900.860.630.97
20191.671.361.85
EAPC(%)1990—20192.53a2.94a2.43a
DALY数(人年)199072 968.8524 366.1048 602.75
2019477 208.95169 251.76307 957.19
DALY率(1/10万)19906.163.998.47
201933.5523.3544.15
EAPC(%)1990—20196.18a6.61a5.97a
DALY标化率(1/10万)199013.179.9015.20
201928.2222.9732.02
EAPC(%)1990—20192.84a3.15a2.74a
), ArticleFig(id=1240986260022555069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份(年)全人群男性女性
PAF(%)19903.773.413.98
20197.647.157.97
死亡数19903 530.641 052.752 477.89
201923 787.117 502.9816 284.13
死亡率(1/10万)19900.300.170.43
20191.671.042.33
EAPC(%)1990—20196.40a6.72a6.29a
标化死亡率(1/10万)19900.860.630.97
20191.671.361.85
EAPC(%)1990—20192.53a2.94a2.43a
DALY数(人年)199072 968.8524 366.1048 602.75
2019477 208.95169 251.76307 957.19
DALY率(1/10万)19906.163.998.47
201933.5523.3544.15
EAPC(%)1990—20196.18a6.61a5.97a
DALY标化率(1/10万)199013.179.9015.20
201928.2222.9732.02
EAPC(%)1990—20192.84a3.15a2.74a
), ArticleFig(id=1240986260504900042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Age group trends in dementia mortality attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组(岁)全人群EAPC(%)男性EAPC(%)女性EAPC(%)
50~<552.63(2.43~2.74)2.94(2.84~3.05)2.33(2.12~2.53)
55~<602.94(2.74~3.15)3.15(2.94~3.36)2.74(2.53~3.05)
60~<653.25(3.05~3.36)3.36(3.25~3.56)3.05(2.84~3.25)
65~<703.05(3.15~3.36)3.36(3.25~3.56)3.05(2.84~3.25)
70~<753.05(2.84~3.15)3.25(3.05~3.36)3.05(2.84~3.15)
75~<802.94(2.74~3.05)3.25(3.05~3.36)2.84(2.74~3.05)
80~<852.22(2.33~2.53)2.74(2.63~2.94)2.33(2.22~2.43)
85~<902.22(2.33~2.43)2.74(2.63~2.94)2.22(2.12~2.22)
90~<952.53(2.43~2.53)2.94(2.84~3.15)2.33(2.22~2.43)
≥952.53(2.43~2.63)3.25(3.05~3.36)2.43(2.33~2.53)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986260664283606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症死亡率年龄组趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组(岁)全人群EAPC(%)男性EAPC(%)女性EAPC(%)
50~<552.63(2.43~2.74)2.94(2.84~3.05)2.33(2.12~2.53)
55~<602.94(2.74~3.15)3.15(2.94~3.36)2.74(2.53~3.05)
60~<653.25(3.05~3.36)3.36(3.25~3.56)3.05(2.84~3.25)
65~<703.05(3.15~3.36)3.36(3.25~3.56)3.05(2.84~3.25)
70~<753.05(2.84~3.15)3.25(3.05~3.36)3.05(2.84~3.15)
75~<802.94(2.74~3.05)3.25(3.05~3.36)2.84(2.74~3.05)
80~<852.22(2.33~2.53)2.74(2.63~2.94)2.33(2.22~2.43)
85~<902.22(2.33~2.43)2.74(2.63~2.94)2.22(2.12~2.22)
90~<952.53(2.43~2.53)2.94(2.84~3.15)2.33(2.22~2.43)
≥952.53(2.43~2.63)3.25(3.05~3.36)2.43(2.33~2.53)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261029188066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Age group trends in DALY rates attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组(岁)全人群EAPC(%)男性EAPC(%)女性EAPC(%)
50~<552.84(2.74~2.94)3.15(3.05~3.25)2.53(2.33~2.74)
55~<603.15(2.9 ~3.25)3.36(3.15~3.46)2.94(2.74~3.15)
60~<653.36(3.2 ~3.46)3.56(3.46~3.67)3.15(3.05~3.36)
65~<703.36(3.2 ~3.46)3.56(3.46~3.67)3.15(3.05~3.25)
70~<753.25(3.15~3.25)3.36(3.25~3.46)3.15(3.05~3.25)
75~<803.05(2.94~3.15)3.36(3.25~3.46)3.05(2.94~3.15)
80~<852.53(2.43~2.63)2.84(2.84~2.94)2.53(2.43~2.53)
85~<902.43(2.53~2.53)2.94(2.84~3.05)2.33(2.33~2.43)
90~<952.53(2.43~2.63)3.05(2.94~3.15)2.43(2.33~2.43)
≥952.43(2.43~2.53)3.05(2.94~3.25)2.33(2.33~2.43)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261142434286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症DALY率年龄组趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组(岁)全人群EAPC(%)男性EAPC(%)女性EAPC(%)
50~<552.84(2.74~2.94)3.15(3.05~3.25)2.53(2.33~2.74)
55~<603.15(2.9 ~3.25)3.36(3.15~3.46)2.94(2.74~3.15)
60~<653.36(3.2 ~3.46)3.56(3.46~3.67)3.15(3.05~3.36)
65~<703.36(3.2 ~3.46)3.56(3.46~3.67)3.15(3.05~3.25)
70~<753.25(3.15~3.25)3.36(3.25~3.46)3.15(3.05~3.25)
75~<803.05(2.94~3.15)3.36(3.25~3.46)3.05(2.94~3.15)
80~<852.53(2.43~2.63)2.84(2.84~2.94)2.53(2.43~2.53)
85~<902.43(2.53~2.53)2.94(2.84~3.05)2.33(2.33~2.43)
90~<952.53(2.43~2.63)3.05(2.94~3.15)2.43(2.33~2.43)
≥952.43(2.43~2.53)3.05(2.94~3.25)2.33(2.33~2.43)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261381509630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Trends of DALY loss caused by different factors and high BMI exposure rate to senile dementia from 1990 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)所致老年失智症的DALY损失(%)标化SEV率
(%)
高BMI高空腹血糖吸烟
19903.776.8715.884.70
20006.128.2718.436.68
20104.727.5519.279.71
20197.647.3617.8913.20
变化率/EAPC
(%)
102.377.2312.673.67a
), ArticleFig(id=1240986261666722316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972416806089051, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

1990—2019年不同因素所致老年失智症的DALY损失与高BMI暴露率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)所致老年失智症的DALY损失(%)标化SEV率
(%)
高BMI高空腹血糖吸烟
19903.776.8715.884.70
20006.128.2718.436.68
20104.727.5519.279.71
20197.647.3617.8913.20
变化率/EAPC
(%)
102.377.2312.673.67a
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1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担趋势分析
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颜丹虹 1 , 陈湘怡 2 , 甘同舟 1 , 肖满 1 , 周光清 3 , 廖生武 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(9): 1550-1554
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(9): 1550-1554
1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担趋势分析
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颜丹虹1, 陈湘怡2, 甘同舟1, 肖满1, 周光清3 , 廖生武4
作者信息
  • 1.南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东 广州 510515
  • 2.南方医科大学护理学院
  • 3.南方医科大学南方医院健康管理中心,广东 广州 510515
  • 4.南方医科大学南方医院
  • 颜丹虹(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肥胖症

通讯作者:

周光清,E-mail:
Analysis on the trend of disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019
Dan-hong YAN1, Xiang-yi CHEN2, Tong-zhou GAN1, Man XIAO1, Guang-qing ZHOU3 , Sheng-wu LIAO4
Affiliations
  • School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311564
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目的

分析1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担变化趋势,为我国制定老年失智症防控策略提供参考。

方法

提取全球疾病负担数据库中1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症死亡数、死亡率、DALY数、DALY率等数据,利用年估计变化百分比(EAPC)从性别、年龄、暴露率等方面分析变化趋势。

结果

1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担呈上升趋势,女性负担高于男性,男性负担增长最快。死亡率和DALY率随着年龄增加而增加,男性60~<70岁、女性60~<75岁增长最快,同一年龄组EAPC呈现男性>女性的规律。1990—2019年中国由高BMI所致的老年失智症DALY损失增长最快,高BMI的标化SEV率快速增长(EAPC= 3.67%,P<0.001)。

结论

1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症负担愈发沉重,伴随老龄化与肥胖率的加剧,若无持续有效的针对性干预措施,归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担将持续快速增长。

失智症  /  BMI  /  疾病负担  /  伤残调整寿命年  /  EAPC
Objective

To analyze the changing trend of disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide references for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for senile dementia in China.

Methods

The data of death number, mortality rate, disability adjusted life years (DALY) number and DALY rate of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the global disease burden database, and the estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) was used to analyze the change trend in terms of sex, age and exposure rate.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China showed an upward trend. The burden of women was higher than that of men, and the latter had the fatest increase. The mortality rate and DALY rate increased with the increase of age, with the fastest increase in males aged 60 to 70 years and females aged 60 to 75 years, respectively.Males had larger EAPC than females in the same age group. From 1990 to 2019, the DALY loss of senile dementia caused by high BMI had the fatest increase, and the standardized (summary exposure value) SEV rate of high BMI increased rapidly (EAPC=3.67%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2019, the burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China became heavier. With the increase of aging and obesity rate, the burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI is expected to continue to increase rapidly without no sustained and effective intervention.

Dementia  /  BMI  /  Disease burden  /  Disability adjusted life years  /  EAPC
颜丹虹, 陈湘怡, 甘同舟, 肖满, 周光清, 廖生武. 1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担趋势分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1550 -1554 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311564
Dan-hong YAN, Xiang-yi CHEN, Tong-zhou GAN, Man XIAO, Guang-qing ZHOU, Sheng-wu LIAO. Analysis on the trend of disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1550 -1554 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311564
老年失智症是一种进行性中枢神经退行性病变,患者会逐渐丧失认知能力和自理能力,不仅影响患者的生活质量,还给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担[1]。数据显示,中国60岁以上的老年失智症患者已有1 507万人,占世界老年失智症人口总数的25.5%[2-3]。随着老年失智症的发病率持续增加,患者的治疗成本逐年上升,老年失智症将成为严重危害我国人群健康的重大疾病和社会问题[4]。研究显示,高BMI与老年失智症密切相关,高BMI会导致代谢综合征、心血管疾病等慢性疾病,进而影响老年人的大脑结构,极大增加了老年失智症的发病风险[5]。全球疾病负担数据库(GBD 2019)中将高BMI列为老年失智症的风险因素之一,目前我国有超过一半的居民超重或肥胖,尽早对高危人群进行体重管理能有效降低老年失智症的发病风险,进而减少老年失智症的防控成本[6]。因此,本研究分析我国1990—2019年归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担变化趋势,为老年失智症政策制定与早期防治工作开展提供依据。
本研究数据来源于GBD 2019,该数据库对全球204个国家(地区)的369种疾病(伤害)和87种危险因素的归因疾病负担进行评估[7]。GBD采用比较风险评估理论,即在其他独立危险因素暴露水平不变时,通过比较特定人群某种危险因素暴露分布与理论最小风险暴露分布(theoretical minimum risk exposure level,TMREL)[8]。GBD 2019中高BMI的理论最小风险暴露分布为20~25 kg/m2,本研究将高BMI定义为BMI>25 kg/m2
伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALY)综合评估了人群死亡与幸存者的失能时间,由伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)组成,即DALY=YLD+YLL,利用GBD世界标准人口进行率的标准化[9]。本研究以死亡数、死亡率、DALY数、DALY率作为评价归因于高BMI的老年失智症负担指标。GBD 2019根据所有可用的数据源,使用时空高斯过程回归、DisMod-MR 1.4、贝叶斯荟萃回归等方法,估计了高BMI的暴露水平(summary exposure value,SEV),采用人群归因分值(population attributable fraction,PAF)估计目标人群的老年失智症总体疾病负担中有多少是由高BMI暴露导致的。
将数据导入Excel软件进行数据统计与图表制作,运用SPSS 26.0计算年估计百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC),EAPC是量化特定区间率的变化趋势的值,其计算是基于回归模型拟合率的自然对数,即y=b+mx,EAPC=100×(expm-1)[10]。当EAPC和95%CI的下限均>0,表示呈上升趋势;反之呈下降趋势;当95%CI包含0表示处于平稳状态。本研究采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症死亡数为23 787.11例,较1990年增长574%,其中男性7 502.98例,增长613%,女性16 284.13例,增长557%。DALY数升至477 208.95人年,较1990年增长554%,其中男性16 9251.76人年,增长595%,女性307 957.19人年,增长534%。死亡率从0.30/10万升至1.67/10万(EAPC=6.40%,P<0.001),男性增长速度(EAPC=6.72%,P<0.001)高于女性(EAPC=6.29%,P<0.001)。DALY率从6.16/10万升至33.55/10万(EAPC=6.18%,P<0.001),男性(EAPC=6.61%,P<0.001)增长速度高于女性(EAPC=5.97%,P<0.001)。经人口标准化后的死亡率与DALY率仍呈上升趋势,EAPC分别为2.53%、2.84%。2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症负担中有7.64%归因于高BMI暴露,增幅为3.87%。总体上,1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担呈快速增长趋势,女性负担高于男性,各项指标增速呈现男性>女性的规律。见表1
在参考文献的基础上,本研究按GBD 2019的分组将年龄分为10组。1990—2019年不同年龄组归因于高BMI的老年失智症死亡率和DALY率整体呈现上升趋势,且随着年龄增加而增加,不同年龄组的负担均呈现女性>男性的规律。
同一年龄组的死亡率、DALY率EAPC呈男性>女性的规律。50~<70岁男性死亡率EAPC随着年龄增加而增加,60~<70岁增长最快(EAPC=3.36%,P<0.001),70岁后增速放缓。50~<75岁女性死亡率EAPC随着年龄增加而增加,60~<75岁增长最快(EAPC=3.05%,P<0.001),75岁后增速放缓。男性DALY率EAPC在50~<70岁时随着年龄增加而增加,60~<70岁(EAPC=3.56%,P<0.001)增长最快,70岁后增速放缓。女性DALY率EAPC在50~<75岁时随着年龄增加而增加,60~<75岁(EAPC= 3.15%,P<0.001)增长最快,75岁后增速放缓。见表2表3图1
根据GBD 2019对87个危险因素的分组方法,本研究选取分类最详细的69个危险因素进行分析,该级别纳入老年失智症的风险因素包括高BMI、高空腹血糖、吸烟。
1990年,吸烟所致老年失智症的DALY损失占比最高,为15.88%,其次是高空腹血糖的6.87%,高BMI最低,为3.77%。2019年吸烟所致DALY占比保持最高,为17.89%,其次为高BMI,为7.64%,高空腹血糖最低,为7.36%。三个因素中,由高BMI引起的老年失智症DALY占比增长最快,增长率为102.37%。1990—2019年,中国高BMI的标化SEV率由4.70%升至13.20%,呈高速增长趋势(EAPC= 3.67%,P<0.001)。见表4
2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症死亡数和DALY数较1990年增长7倍,标化死亡率和标化DALY率增长约2倍,与全球增长趋势一致[11]。其原因首先可能与中国老年失智症的早期筛查技术提升和人群覆盖范围增加有关,使得老年失智症早期的患病人群被及早发现[12]。其次是由于中国经济快速发展,居民膳食结构和体育锻炼等生活方式的转变导致BMI水平增加[13]。研究证实,高BMI增加了代谢综合征、冠状动脉硬化和其他心血管疾病的风险,这些疾病导致高BMI人群发生老年失智症的风险是正常BMI人群的两倍,尤其是中年时期BMI超重的人群发生老年失智症的比例较正常BMI人群上升了33%[14-15]。目前,中国老年失智症死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的第五位,高BMI成为老年失智症的主要危险因素之一[3]。对此,我国因高BMI引起的老年失智症疾病负担不容忽视,亟须采取对应的防控措施。
从性别看,女性老年失智症负担高于男性,与Cao[16]的研究一致。一方面,由于女性的预期寿命比男性长,在老龄化人口中占相当大的比例。另一方面,老年女性的肥胖率显著高于男性,加之受遗传因素(携带APOE ε4等位基因比例高)、雌激素因素(更年期后急剧下降)和精神状态(更容易出现焦虑、抑郁)的影响,女性更容易患上神经系统的结构和功能障碍疾病[17-20]。本研究还发现,归因于高BMI的老年失智症负担EAPC呈男性>女性的特点。受社会文化和生活习惯影响,男性相较于女性更容易暴露于饮酒、高热量饮食、吸烟等导致高BMI的危险因素中,导致BMI增长速度高于女性,大大增加了老年失智症的患病风险[21]。因此,应将女性作为老年失智症重点干预人群,同时注重男性肥胖群体的健康教育,以降低老年失智症的发病风险和疾病损害。
1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的老年失智症负担随着年龄增加而增加。2020年中国老年人的超重和肥胖率分别达到41.7%、16.7%,加之老龄化与预期寿命延长,高BMI的老年群体比例将继续增大,导致我国老年失智症负担将愈发沉重[22]。本研究还发现,男女性死亡率与DALY率EAPC均从50岁逐渐上升,男性于60~<70岁达到峰值,70岁后增速放缓,女性60~<75岁达到峰值,75岁后增速放缓。另外,同一年龄组中,男性死亡率与DALY率增速最快。对于>75岁的老年人来说,BMI>28 kg/m2对记忆力下降具有保护作用,即晚年高BMI者其认知能力下降得更慢,而≤75岁的高BMI患者通过减重可以减缓记忆衰退的速度[23-24]。在不同的年龄阶段,高BMI对于人群患老年失智症的作用不同,应重点关注60~<70岁男性、60~<75岁女性的BMI管理,降低由高BMI带来的老年失智症风险。
本研究发现,高BMI所致老年失智症DALY损失的上升幅度最大,由1990年顺位第三上升至第二,增长幅度远大于吸烟与高空腹血糖,且高BMI的标化SEV率呈快速上升趋势。一项横断面研究表明,吸烟是中国60岁及以上人群发生老年失智症的危险因素[2]。日本一项队列研究结果认为,吸烟会增加老年失智症发生风险,戒烟3年及以上可显著降低老年失智症发生风险[25]。Zhong G[26]的研究表明,65~75岁老年人吸烟患老年失智症的风险增加。以往研究结果发现,高空腹血糖与老年失智症关系密切。老年失智症患者存在血糖代谢异常[27]。有研究指出,糖尿病使老年失智症的风险增加1.25~1.91倍,糖尿病前期的患者发生老年失智症的风险也更高[28]。高BMI与老年失智症的关联,与年龄密切相关,中年高BMI是老年失智症的危险因素,晚年BMI过轻或降低可能是老年失智症的危险因素[29]。研究表明,有40%老年失智症的发生可通过针对可改变的风险因素的干预措施进行预防[30]。高BMI所致老年失智症的DALY损失快速增长,且1990年以来我国高BMI的标化SEV率也不断上升,提示我国应加强高BMI对老年失智症风险的宣传教育,重视及支持全人群、全方位和全生命周期的体重健康管理,为高危人群提供个性化的减重和认知功能训练服务。
综上所述,1990—2019年我国归因于高BMI的老年失智症疾病负担呈现显著增长趋势,存在性别与年龄差异,若不制定有效的针对性防控措施,按目前的增长速度,伴随老龄化与肥胖率的加剧,未来我国因肥胖引起的老年失智症负担将持续快速增长。
本研究由于GBD数据库限制,存在一定的局限性:一是无法对比分析中国各个省市归因于BMI的老年失智症疾病负担差异;二是将高BMI定义为BMI>25 kg/m2,可能会低估我国不同人群的相关风险;三是研究假设BMI为独立影响,并未考虑可能存在与其他危险因素的相互作用。
  • 广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD21CGL29)
  • 广东省科技计划项目(2020A1414040021; 2017A030223004)
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2024年第51卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311564
  • 接收时间:2023-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-28
基金
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD21CGL29)
广东省科技计划项目(2020A1414040021; 2017A030223004)
作者信息
    1.南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东 广州 510515
    2.南方医科大学护理学院
    3.南方医科大学南方医院健康管理中心,广东 广州 510515
    4.南方医科大学南方医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species
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Percentage of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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