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Article(id=1240972413870076137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312434, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703174400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773800479619, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773800479619, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773800479619, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800479619, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240972413354176744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773800479495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773800596829, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240972905568334241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240972413354176744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1684, endPage=1688, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240972414205620459, articleId=1240972413870076137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the relationship between muscle strength and risk of depression in middle-aged and elderly people, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the relationship between muscle strength and the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of depression in the middle-aged and elderly in China.

Methods

Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the middle-aged and elderly people who participated in the survey in 2015 and 2018 were selected. Firstly, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze whether there was a dose-response relationship between upper limb strength (standardized grip strength) and lower limb strength (time to stand up from a chair) and the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly. Secondly, the upper and lower limb strength were divided into three groups, and Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between upper and lower limb strength, overall muscle strength and depression risk in the middle-aged and elderly.

Results

A total of 6 245 subjects were enrolled in this study. During the 3-year follow-up period, a total of 2 095 (33.5%) subjects had depressive symptoms.There was a dose-response relationship between upper and lower limb strength and the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly. Logistic regression model showed that after adjusting the confounding factors such as sex, age and marital status, stronger upper and lower limb strength could reduce the risk of depression by 24% and 28%, respectively. Compared with the weakest overall muscle strength group, the strongest muscle strength group had a 48% lower risk of depression (OR=0.52,95%CI: 0.41-0.67).

Conclusion

Strong muscle strength can reduce the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly.

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目的

探讨肌肉力量与中老年人抑郁风险的关系，为我国中老年人抑郁症防治提供参考依据。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据，选择参加2015和2018年两次调查的中老年人。首先采用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline，RCS)分析上肢力量(标化握力)和下肢力量(从椅子上站起时间)与中老年人抑郁风险间是否存在剂量反应关系；其次分别以上下肢力量三分位数进行分组，采用logistic回归模型分别评估上下肢力量以及整体肌肉力量与中老年人抑郁风险发病的关联性。

结果

本研究共纳入6 245名研究对象，在为期三年的随访期间，共有2 095(33.5%)名研究对象出现抑郁症状。上下肢力量与中老年人抑郁风险间存在剂量反应关系。Logistic回归模型显示，在调整性别、年龄、婚姻状况等混杂因素后，较强的上下肢力量分别会使抑郁风险降低24%和28%。与整体肌肉力量最弱组相比，肌肉力量最强组发生抑郁的风险降低了48%（OR=0.52，95%CI：0.41～0.67)。

结论

强肌肉力量会降低中老年人抑郁风险。

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李占博，E-mail:
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杨华（1994—），女，本科，护师，研究方向：老年精神类疾病

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杨华（1994—），女，本科，护师，研究方向：老年精神类疾病

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杨华（1994—），女，本科，护师，研究方向：老年精神类疾病

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2020, 17(24): 96., articleTitle=Activities of daily living,and Life satisfaction in older adults at High-Risk of dementia, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240986258512597773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986258516792078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, companyId=1240986258512597773, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240986258525180687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, companyId=1240986258512597773, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医科大学附属盛京医院，辽宁 沈阳 110004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240986262618821551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Dose-response relationship between standardized grip strength and risk of depression, figureFileSmall=VC/newbNg7yUGr6Pi/qlVw==, figureFileBig=M9PLqR8V5GFe9bLXauknaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986262782399418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=CN, label=图1, caption=标化握力与抑郁风险的剂量反应关系, figureFileSmall=VC/newbNg7yUGr6Pi/qlVw==, figureFileBig=M9PLqR8V5GFe9bLXauknaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986263092777932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Dose-response relationship between time to rise from chair and risk of depression, figureFileSmall=qFF7ZSTYkfRDh/T/4PAGGw==, figureFileBig=ot2TAtQTQ5SC5OOv0qUx9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986263235384277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=CN, label=图2, caption=从椅子站起时间与抑郁风险的剂量反应关系, figureFileSmall=qFF7ZSTYkfRDh/T/4PAGGw==, figureFileBig=ot2TAtQTQ5SC5OOv0qUx9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986263537374177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Overall muscle strength and risk of depression in middle-aged and older adults, figureFileSmall=BfMUgbhg2BlCdcKQxB1FNg==, figureFileBig=sIY/GsDNqbc3A51hwdpU5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986264246211565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=CN, label=图3, caption=整体肌肉力量与中老人的抑郁风险, figureFileSmall=BfMUgbhg2BlCdcKQxB1FNg==, figureFileBig=sIY/GsDNqbc3A51hwdpU5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240986264363652091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of the study population ［（），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征总人数抑郁F/χ2值P值
否是
年龄(岁)58.80±8.8959.10±8.9558.22±8.7513.381<0.001
标化握力0.55±0.10.56±0.10.53±0.174.992<0.001
从椅子站起时间(s)8.82±3.18.67±3.09.12±3.229.613<0.001
性别100.031<0.001
男3 433(55.0)2 467(59.4)966(46.1)
女2 812(45.0)1 683(40.6)1 129(53.9)
学历43.089<0.001
小学以下1 779(35.3)1 078(32.4)701(41.1)
小学初中2 529(50.2)1 724(51.7)805(47.2)
≥高中729(14.5)530(15.9)199(11.7)
婚姻状况1.6910.194
已婚同居5 435(87.0)3 628(87.4)1 807(86.3)
其他810(13.0)522(12.6)288(13.7)
吸烟12.512<0.001
是2 148(34.4)1 490(35.9）658(31.4)
否4 096(65.6)2 659(64.1)1 437(68.6)
饮酒15.438<0.001
是2 548(40.8)1 765(42.6)783(37.4)
否3 692(59.2)2 381(57.4)1 311(62.6)
高血压1.9640.161
否4 984(79.8)3 333(80.3)1 651(78.8)
是1 261(20.2)817(19.7)444(21.2)
血脂异常0.0220.911
否5 703(91.3)3 791(91.3)1 912(91.3)
是542(8.7)359(8.70)183(8.70)
糖尿病0.2210.636
否5 955(95.4)3 961(95.4)1 994(95.2)
是290(4.6)189(4.60)101(4.80)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986264476897284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本特征［（），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征总人数抑郁F/χ2值P值
否是
年龄(岁)58.80±8.8959.10±8.9558.22±8.7513.381<0.001
标化握力0.55±0.10.56±0.10.53±0.174.992<0.001
从椅子站起时间(s)8.82±3.18.67±3.09.12±3.229.613<0.001
性别100.031<0.001
男3 433(55.0)2 467(59.4)966(46.1)
女2 812(45.0)1 683(40.6)1 129(53.9)
学历43.089<0.001
小学以下1 779(35.3)1 078(32.4)701(41.1)
小学初中2 529(50.2)1 724(51.7)805(47.2)
≥高中729(14.5)530(15.9)199(11.7)
婚姻状况1.6910.194
已婚同居5 435(87.0)3 628(87.4)1 807(86.3)
其他810(13.0)522(12.6)288(13.7)
吸烟12.512<0.001
是2 148(34.4)1 490(35.9）658(31.4)
否4 096(65.6)2 659(64.1)1 437(68.6)
饮酒15.438<0.001
是2 548(40.8)1 765(42.6)783(37.4)
否3 692(59.2)2 381(57.4)1 311(62.6)
高血压1.9640.161
否4 984(79.8)3 333(80.3)1 651(78.8)
是1 261(20.2)817(19.7)444(21.2)
血脂异常0.0220.911
否5 703(91.3)3 791(91.3)1 912(91.3)
是542(8.7)359(8.70)183(8.70)
糖尿病0.2210.636
否5 955(95.4)3 961(95.4)1 994(95.2)
是290(4.6)189(4.60)101(4.80)
), ArticleFig(id=1240986264669835282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relationship between upper and lower extremity strength and risk of depression in middle-aged and older adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
肌肉力量抑郁人数/总人数模型 1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
上肢力量
上肢力量最弱组820/2 0811.0 (ref)1.0 (ref)
上肢力量中等组693/2 0830.86(0.75～0.98)0.0220.84(0.72～0.98)0.023
上肢力量最强组582/2 0810.74(0.63～0.86)<0.0010.76(0.64～0.91)0.002
下肢力量
下肢力量最弱组775/2 0751.0 (ref)1.0 (ref)
下肢力量中等组708/2 0720.84(0.74～0.96)0.0090.86(0.75～0.99)0.042
下肢力量最强组612/2 0980.68(0.60～0.78)<0.0010.72(0.62～0.84)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240986264866967580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240972413870076137, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

上下肢力量与中老年人抑郁风险之间的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
肌肉力量抑郁人数/总人数模型 1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
上肢力量
上肢力量最弱组820/2 0811.0 (ref)1.0 (ref)
上肢力量中等组693/2 0830.86(0.75～0.98)0.0220.84(0.72～0.98)0.023
上肢力量最强组582/2 0810.74(0.63～0.86)<0.0010.76(0.64～0.91)0.002
下肢力量
下肢力量最弱组775/2 0751.0 (ref)1.0 (ref)
下肢力量中等组708/2 0720.84(0.74～0.96)0.0090.86(0.75～0.99)0.042
下肢力量最强组612/2 0980.68(0.60～0.78)<0.0010.72(0.62～0.84)<0.001
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中老年人肌肉力量与抑郁风险研究
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杨华 , 李占博
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(9): 1684-1688
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(9): 1684-1688
中老年人肌肉力量与抑郁风险研究
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杨华, 李占博
作者信息
  • 中国医科大学附属盛京医院，辽宁 沈阳 110004

    • 杨华（1994—），女，本科，护师，研究方向：老年精神类疾病

通讯作者:

李占博，E-mail:
Study on the relationship between muscle strength and risk of depression in middle-aged and elderly people
Hua YANG, Zhan-bo LI
Affiliations
  • Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312434
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摘要
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目的

探讨肌肉力量与中老年人抑郁风险的关系，为我国中老年人抑郁症防治提供参考依据。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据，选择参加2015和2018年两次调查的中老年人。首先采用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline，RCS)分析上肢力量(标化握力)和下肢力量(从椅子上站起时间)与中老年人抑郁风险间是否存在剂量反应关系；其次分别以上下肢力量三分位数进行分组，采用logistic回归模型分别评估上下肢力量以及整体肌肉力量与中老年人抑郁风险发病的关联性。

结果

本研究共纳入6 245名研究对象，在为期三年的随访期间，共有2 095(33.5%)名研究对象出现抑郁症状。上下肢力量与中老年人抑郁风险间存在剂量反应关系。Logistic回归模型显示，在调整性别、年龄、婚姻状况等混杂因素后，较强的上下肢力量分别会使抑郁风险降低24%和28%。与整体肌肉力量最弱组相比，肌肉力量最强组发生抑郁的风险降低了48%（OR=0.52，95%CI：0.41～0.67)。

结论

强肌肉力量会降低中老年人抑郁风险。

肌肉力量  /  抑郁  /  中老年人  /  队列研究
Objective

To investigate the relationship between muscle strength and the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of depression in the middle-aged and elderly in China.

Methods

Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the middle-aged and elderly people who participated in the survey in 2015 and 2018 were selected. Firstly, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze whether there was a dose-response relationship between upper limb strength (standardized grip strength) and lower limb strength (time to stand up from a chair) and the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly. Secondly, the upper and lower limb strength were divided into three groups, and Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between upper and lower limb strength, overall muscle strength and depression risk in the middle-aged and elderly.

Results

A total of 6 245 subjects were enrolled in this study. During the 3-year follow-up period, a total of 2 095 (33.5%) subjects had depressive symptoms.There was a dose-response relationship between upper and lower limb strength and the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly. Logistic regression model showed that after adjusting the confounding factors such as sex, age and marital status, stronger upper and lower limb strength could reduce the risk of depression by 24% and 28%, respectively. Compared with the weakest overall muscle strength group, the strongest muscle strength group had a 48% lower risk of depression (OR=0.52,95%CI: 0.41-0.67).

Conclusion

Strong muscle strength can reduce the risk of depression in the middle-aged and elderly.

Muscle strength  /  Depression  /  Middle-aged and elderly  /  Cohort study
杨华, 李占博. 中老年人肌肉力量与抑郁风险研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1684 -1688 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312434
Hua YANG, Zhan-bo LI. Study on the relationship between muscle strength and risk of depression in middle-aged and elderly people[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (9) : 1684 -1688 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312434
正文
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抑郁症在全世界是一种常见的精神疾病，威胁着全球约3.22亿人的生命健康[1]。据报道，2005—2015年全球抑郁症的患病人数增加了约18%[2]。在中国约有9 500多万人有抑郁症状，且抑郁症的发病率逐年上升[3]。抑郁会导致认知功能和生活质量下降[4]，并增加高血压、糖尿病等心血管疾病和自杀风险[5-6]，造成巨大的社会负担。因此，识别并管理抑郁症患者是至关重要的。
研究发现，肌肉力量可作为一种简便的指标来评估精神类疾病（如焦虑、抑郁）和心血管疾病（如高血压、糖尿病）的发病风险[7-9]。然而现有研究主要使用握力评估肌肉力量[10-11]，但握力只能反映上肢力量，无法全面反映整体肌肉力量，整体肌肉力量评估需要结合上下肢力量，在临床实践中，评估下肢力量常常采用从椅子站起的时间测试[12]。
目前，关于肌肉力量与抑郁风险的研究还相对较少，而且很少有研究考虑全身肌肉力量与抑郁症之间的关系。因此，本研究采用了前瞻性队列研究的方法，旨在探讨全身肌肉力量与抑郁风险之间的关联。
1　对象和方法
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1.1　研究对象
本研究的研究对象来自中国健康与养老追踪调查（China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS）。CHARLS是一项长期追踪调查，旨在了解中国中老年人的健康和养老情况。该调查涵盖了全国28个省（自治区、直辖市）的150个县、450个社区（村），是一个高质量的数据库，能够代表中国45岁及以上居民的家庭和个人情况[13]。
本研究选择2015—2018年的调查数据，共计纳入了16 406名参与体检的中老年人。在样本筛选过程中，首先排除了2015年调查时已经存在抑郁风险的中老年人，以及年龄低于45岁的个体；此外还排除了在调查期间握力、从椅子站起时间、体重等关键数据缺失，以及在2018年发生失访的研究对象。最终本研究共纳入了6 245名研究对象。
1.2　资料收集
本研究由经过统一培训的调查员对研究对象进行了信息收集。调查内容包括一般人口学特征（如年龄、婚姻状况、学历等）、生活习惯（如吸烟、饮酒史）、疾病史（如高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常）以及体检信息（如体重、握力、从椅子站起时间测试）等。
1.3　相关定义
1.3.1　抑郁症状
采用简版流调抑郁自评量表(CESD-10)来评估中老年人的抑郁症状, CESD-10量表具有良好的信效度，在国内外被广泛应用。该量表由十个条目组成,每个题目计分范围为0～3分，共计30分。本研究以CESD-10得分≥ 10分为有抑郁症状，<10分为无抑郁症状[14]。
1.3.2　肌肉力量
肌肉力量的评估主要通过握力和从椅子站起时间获得。握力用于评估上肢力量，而从椅子站起时间则用于评估下肢力量。在握力测定中，调查员使用握力测定仪对左右手的握力进行两次测量，并选择最大值作为握力值。由于体重与握力存在关联性，因此需要对握力进行标化处理，标化握力=握力(kg)/体重(kg)[15]。在从椅子站起时间测试中，调查员让研究对象以最快的速度从椅子上站起和坐下五次，并使用秒表记录所用的时间。
1.4　统计学方法
本研究使用了SPSS 26.0和R软件（4.2.2版）进行数据分析。对于计量资料，本研究使用（均值±标准差）表示；对于计数资料使用频数和构成比表示。为了比较组间差异，本研究采用了单因素方差分析或χ2检验。
在数据分析过程中，首先使用了限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline，RCS）来分析上下肢力量与中老年人抑郁风险之间是否存在剂量反应关系；其次本研究以上下肢力量的三分位数为基数进行分组，调整性别、年龄、婚姻状况、学历、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等混杂因素，采用logistic回归模型分别分析了上下肢力量及整体肌肉力量与中老年人的抑郁风险之间的关系。所有检验均为双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象基本特征
本研究共纳入6 245人，其中男性3 433人(55.0%），女性2 812人(45.0%)；研究对象均为中老年人，其平均年龄为(58.80±8.89)岁。在2018年随访期间，共有2 095(33.5%)名研究对象出现了抑郁症状。与没有抑郁症状的人相比，有抑郁症状的参与者更可能是女性、受教育程度较低，且具有低同居史、饮酒史和吸烟史。此外，他们的握力水平较低，从椅子站起时间较长。见表1。
2.2　上下肢肌肉力量与中老年人抑郁风险的剂量反应关系
采用RCS分析中老年人的上下肢力量与抑郁风险间是否存在剂量反应关系。调整了性别、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等混杂因素，分析结果显示,中老年人发生抑郁的风险会随着上肢力量的增强(标化握力)而降低，下肢力量(从椅子站起时间)的减弱而增加，见图1、2。
2.3　上下肢肌肉力量与中老年人的抑郁风险
在随访期间，共有2 095名中老年人出现抑郁症状，发病率为33.55%。将上下肢力量分别进行三分类，并分别以上下肢力量最弱组作为参照，在调整性别、年龄、婚姻、学历、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等协变量后(模型2)，与上肢力量最弱组相比，上肢力量中等组和最强组发生抑郁风险分别降低16%和24%；同时与下肢力量最弱组相比，下肢力量中等组和最强组发生抑郁的风险分别降低14%和28%，其OR及95%CI分别为0.86(0.75～0.99)、0.72(0.62～0.84)。见表2。
2.4　整体肌肉力量与中老人的抑郁风险
将上下肢力量三分位数进行组合以分析他们的整体肌肉力量。结果如图3所示，在调整了性别、年龄、婚姻、学历、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等混杂因素后，以整体肌肉力量最弱组(低握力-站起时间最长组)作为参照，整体肌肉力量最强组(高握力-站起时间最短组)发生抑郁的风险降低了48%，其OR值和95%CI为0.52(0.41～0.67)。
3　讨论
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本研究基于CHARLS数据进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，旨在探讨中老年人肌肉力量与抑郁风险之间的关系。研究结果显示，中老年人的肌肉力量越强，其发生抑郁的风险越低，与整体肌肉力量最弱组相比，肌肉力量最强组发生抑郁风险降低了48%。
本研究发现握力最好的研究对象比握力最差的研究对象发生抑郁风险降低了24%，该结果和既往研究相一致。例如，在爱尔兰进行的一项研究中，McDowell等人[16]对4 104名年龄在50岁及以上的成年居民进行调查，发现握力中等组和最高组在2年的随访期间，抑郁症发生的几率分别为32.1%和32.8%；还有一项前瞻性队列研究也报告了类似的结果，研究发现研究对象的握力每增加5 kg，抑郁风险就降低了7%，此外在两年的随访期间，握力中等组和最低组患抑郁症的风险分别增加了11%和24%[17]。同时，下肢力量也是影响抑郁风险的一个重要因素，Veronese N等人[18]对意大利的970名老年人(平均年龄= 72.5岁)进行为期四年的随访研究，发现Tertile 3组发生抑郁的风险是Tertile 1组的2.37倍，这和本研究结果相似。
尽管许多研究都使用握力来衡量整体肌肉力量[8,17]，但握力可能无法完全反映整体肌肉力量，因人体不同部位的肌肉力量存在差异，故握力结合下肢力量的测量可以更好地反映整体力量[19]，本研究结果正好支持了这一观点。本研究发现相比于肌肉力量较弱的个体，整体肌肉力量较强的个体患抑郁症的风险降低了48%。而握力较强的个体患抑郁症的风险仅降低了24%，同时，下肢力量较强的个体比下肢力量较弱的个体发生抑郁症的风险也降低了28%。因此本研究推断，在中国人群中联合测量上下肢肌肉力量可能是评估肌肉力量的更好方法。
肌肉力量的增强与降低抑郁发生风险之间的机制可以被理解为一种生理与心理的交互作用。这一机制涉及多个层面，一是，乳酸作为运动过程中产生的重要分子，被证实具有抗抑郁的作用；乳酸可以通过促进神经新生和抗氧化机制来降低抑郁行为[20],这一发现为我们理解运动与心理健康的关系提供了新的视角。二是，强壮的肌肉力量有助于保持身体的独立性，使个体能够更好地参与日常活动，提高个体的自我效能感和社会支持，提高生活质量，促进心理健康，进而降低抑郁风险[21]。
本研究的优势在于握力和从椅子站起时间的测试方法简便、操作简单、易于获取。此外，该研究采用了前瞻性队列研究设计，结果较为可靠。然而，本研究也存在一些不足之处：一方面，抑郁资料的获取是通过使用CESD-10量表进行测量，而非进行临床诊断，这可能会对抑郁症状的诊断产生一定的影响。另一方面，本研究仅考虑了弱肌肉力量对抑郁风险的影响，但肌肉力量与抑郁症之间的关系可能是双向的，即肌肉力量的减弱可以导致抑郁的发生，同时抑郁症也可能导致肌肉力量的下降。因此，还需要进一步的研究来探究肌肉力量和抑郁症之间的关系。
综上所述，本研究发现强肌肉力量会降低中老年人发生抑郁的风险。因此，中老年人应积极锻炼、增强肌肉力量、保持健康心情以降低抑郁风险发生。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312434
  • 接收时间：2023-12-22
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-22
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    中国医科大学附属盛京医院，辽宁 沈阳 110004

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李占博，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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