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Article(id=1240950909602156612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312471, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703347200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773795352602, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1712678400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773795352602, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773795352602, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795352602, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240950898113966774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773795349862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795519367, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1290, endPage=1294, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240950909937700960, articleId=1240950909602156612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the current situation of knowledge and belief and the influencing factors of vaccination willingness among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwest city, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status of knowledge and willingness of influenza vaccination among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwestern city, and to analyze the factors affecting the willingness of influenza vaccination, so as to provide a basis for promoting the popularization of influenza vaccine.

Methods

A total of 600 elderly people aged 60 and above who were not vaccinated with influenza vaccine from October to December 2023 were surveyed on their knowledge and willingness to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Finally, 538 valid questionnaires were collected. Univariate analysis was carried out using t-test and χ2 test, and logistic regression model was used to analyze influenza vaccination intention.

Results

In total 57.8% of the 538 elderly people were willing to be vaccinated against influenza. Specifically, 55.6% of the elderly “did not know or have not heard of the influenza vaccine”, 53.2% of the elderly believed that “the influenza vaccine may not be effective”, 67.5% of the elderly believed that “influenza vaccination would have side effects”, and the estimated proportion of side effects was at 17.53%. The results of multivariate analysis of influenza vaccination willingness showed that people who had “general knowledge” (OR=2.464, 95%CI: 1.209-5.019, P=0.013) and who were “very knowledgeable” (OR=2.885, 95%CI: 1.112-7.485, P=0.029) were more likely to be vaccinated than those who had not heard of influenza vaccine.Compared with the “estimated proportion of influenza vaccination in people aged 60 and over < 20%” group, the “estimated vaccination ratio of 60% to 80%” group (OR=3.478, 95%CI=1.555-7.779, P=0.002), and the “estimated vaccination ratio ≥80%” group (OR=4.591, 95%CI=1.058-19.915, P=0.042) had higher willingness to vaccinate influenza vaccine. The higher the score of satisfaction with personal health, the lower the willingness to be vaccinated against influenza (OR=0.804, 95%CI=0.670-0.964, P=0.018).

Conclusion

The elderly people who have not been vaccinated with influenza vaccine in this area do not know enough about influenza and its vaccine, and the willingness of influenza vaccination is low, which needs to be improved urgently. It is suggested that the knowledge and publicity of influenza and its vaccine be strengthened in this region, and practical vaccination strategies should be adopted to improve the willingness and vaccination rate of influenza vaccination.

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目的

了解目前西南某市未接种流感疫苗老年人群对流感疫苗的知信现状和接种意愿，分析影响该老年人群接种意愿的因素，为推进流感疫苗普及提供依据。

方法

收集某市2023年10—12月600例60岁及以上未接种流感疫苗的老年人对流感疫苗相关知识的知信现状与接种意愿，最终有效问卷538份。采用t检验和χ2检验进行单因素分析，流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析采用logistic回归模型。

结果

538例老年人中57.8%的有流感疫苗接种意愿。55.6%的老年人“不了解或没有听说过流感疫苗”；53.2%的老年人认为“流感疫苗可能没有效果”；67.5%的老年人认为“接种流感疫苗会产生副作用”，且“估计产生副作用的比例”为17.53%。流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析结果显示，与“没有听说过流感疫苗”组相比，“大致了解”者(OR=2.464, 95%CI：1.209～5.019, P=0.013)和“非常了解”者(OR=2.885, 95%CI：1.112～7.485, P=0.029)流感疫苗接种意愿高；与“估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例为<20%”组相比，“估计接种比例60%～80%”组(OR=3.478, 95%CI：1.555～7.779, P=0.002)和“估计接种比例≥80%”组(OR=4.591, 95%CI：1.058～19.915, P=0.042)流感疫苗接种意愿高；“对个人健康状况满意程度”评分越高，流感疫苗接种意愿越低(OR=0.804, 95%CI：0.670～0.964, P=0.018)。

结论

该地区未接种流感疫苗的老年人群对流感及其疫苗的了解情况不足，流感疫苗接种意愿较低，亟待提高。建议该地区加强流感及其疫苗的知识普及和大力宣传，采取结合实际的疫苗接种策略以提高流感疫苗接种意愿和接种率。

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彭苏霞，E-mail:；
杨艳芳，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HDuXCh6Rg+AXle1mnpHQmw==, magXml=HO2zJlpN67rCBCgjb2q0CQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=4KESe10p66MJ0mHPYvwI9Q==, pdfFileSize=518570, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vmd0lL3V2JWBlpYoH68Mzg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马豪（1996—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：传染病流行病学

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马豪（1996—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：传染病流行病学

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Univariate analysis of willingness to receive influenza vaccine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数
(n=538)		是否有意愿接种流感疫苗t/χ2值P值
是(n=311)否(n=227)
性别0.3310.565
男234(43.49)132(42.44)102(44.93)
女304(56.51)179(57.56)125(55.07)
年龄（岁）0.2930.864
60～69248(46.10)141(45.34)107(47.14)
70～79211(39.22)125(40.19)86(37.89)
≥8079(14.68)45(14.47)34(14.98)
文化程度1.5320.465
小学及以下210(39.03)126(40.51)84(37.00)
初中186(34.57)109(35.05)77(33.92)
高中及以上142(26.40)76(24.44)66(29.07)
是否了解过流感疫苗20.376<0.001
没有听说过49(9.11)26(8.36)23(10.13)
听说过，具体不了解250(46.47)122(39.23)128(56.39)
听说过，大致了解195(36.25)130(41.80)65(28.63)
非常了解44(8.18)33(10.61)11(4.85)
是否认为疫苗费用过高0.6010.438
是142(26.39)86(27.65)56(24.67)
否396(73.61)225(72.35)171(75.33)
是否认为接种疫苗可能产生副作用0.0470.829
是363(67.47)211(67.85)152(66.96)
否175(32.53)100(32.25)75(33.04)
是否认为接种疫苗浪费时间6.4410.011
是199(36.99)101(32.48)98(43.17)
否339(63.01)210(67.52)129(56.83)
是否认为接种疫苗可能没有效果0.0540.816
是286(53.16)164(52.73)122(53.74)
否252(46.84)147(47.27)105(46.26)
您估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例是多少49.24±18.9952.67±19.4744.54±17.27-5.015<0.001
您估计接种流感疫苗后出现副作用的比例是多少17.53±11.4518.17±11.9816.65±10.65-1.5180.130
您估计未接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群流感流行期间发病率是多少(%)47.32±22.3050.55±21.9742.91± 22.03-3.978<0.001
您估计接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群流感流行期间发病率是多少(%)19.37±12.9919.81±12.4918.77±13.64-0.9170.359
您估计未接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群患流感后每人治疗的花费是多少(元)1 376.63±1 469.481 381.06±1 426.561 370.56±1 529.50-0.0820.935
估计接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群患流感后每人的治疗花费是多少(元)757.22±930.62819.56±1084.90671.81±656.27-1.8230.068
对现有疫苗政策满意程度8.66±1.668.50±1.718.89±1.552.7250.007
对个人健康状况满意程度8.68±1.528.41±1.629.06±1.274.986<0.001
对个人生活状况满意程度9.12±1.378.92±1.489.40±1.154.065<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972168998212360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950909602156612, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流感疫苗接种意愿的单因素分析［n（%），（）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数
(n=538)		是否有意愿接种流感疫苗t/χ2值P值
是(n=311)否(n=227)
性别0.3310.565
男234(43.49)132(42.44)102(44.93)
女304(56.51)179(57.56)125(55.07)
年龄（岁）0.2930.864
60～69248(46.10)141(45.34)107(47.14)
70～79211(39.22)125(40.19)86(37.89)
≥8079(14.68)45(14.47)34(14.98)
文化程度1.5320.465
小学及以下210(39.03)126(40.51)84(37.00)
初中186(34.57)109(35.05)77(33.92)
高中及以上142(26.40)76(24.44)66(29.07)
是否了解过流感疫苗20.376<0.001
没有听说过49(9.11)26(8.36)23(10.13)
听说过，具体不了解250(46.47)122(39.23)128(56.39)
听说过，大致了解195(36.25)130(41.80)65(28.63)
非常了解44(8.18)33(10.61)11(4.85)
是否认为疫苗费用过高0.6010.438
是142(26.39)86(27.65)56(24.67)
否396(73.61)225(72.35)171(75.33)
是否认为接种疫苗可能产生副作用0.0470.829
是363(67.47)211(67.85)152(66.96)
否175(32.53)100(32.25)75(33.04)
是否认为接种疫苗浪费时间6.4410.011
是199(36.99)101(32.48)98(43.17)
否339(63.01)210(67.52)129(56.83)
是否认为接种疫苗可能没有效果0.0540.816
是286(53.16)164(52.73)122(53.74)
否252(46.84)147(47.27)105(46.26)
您估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例是多少49.24±18.9952.67±19.4744.54±17.27-5.015<0.001
您估计接种流感疫苗后出现副作用的比例是多少17.53±11.4518.17±11.9816.65±10.65-1.5180.130
您估计未接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群流感流行期间发病率是多少(%)47.32±22.3050.55±21.9742.91± 22.03-3.978<0.001
您估计接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群流感流行期间发病率是多少(%)19.37±12.9919.81±12.4918.77±13.64-0.9170.359
您估计未接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群患流感后每人治疗的花费是多少(元)1 376.63±1 469.481 381.06±1 426.561 370.56±1 529.50-0.0820.935
估计接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群患流感后每人的治疗花费是多少(元)757.22±930.62819.56±1084.90671.81±656.27-1.8230.068
对现有疫苗政策满意程度8.66±1.668.50±1.718.89±1.552.7250.007
对个人健康状况满意程度8.68±1.528.41±1.629.06±1.274.986<0.001
对个人生活状况满意程度9.12±1.378.92±1.489.40±1.154.065<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972169186956054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950909602156612, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the willingness to receive influenza vaccine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β Wald 值OR值(95%CI)P值
是否了解过流感疫苗
没有听说过—
听说过，具体不了解0.1740.3490.2481.190(0.600～2.361)0.619
听说过，大致了解0.9020.3636.1672.464(1.209～5.019)0.013
非常了解1.0590.4864.7432.885(1.112～7.485)0.029
您估计60岁及以上老年人群流感
疫苗的接种比例是多少
<20%—
[20%～40%)0.0550.3380.0271.057(0.545～2.048)0.870
[40%～60%)0.2610.3250.6461.299(0.687～2.457)0.422
[60%～80%)1.2470.4119.2153.478(1.555～7.779)0.002
≥80%1.5240.7484.1454.591(1.058～19.915)0.042
对个人健康状况满意程度-0.2190.0935.5530.804(0.670～0.964)0.018
), ArticleFig(id=1240972169346339619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950909602156612, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

影响流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β Wald 值OR值(95%CI)P值
是否了解过流感疫苗
没有听说过—
听说过，具体不了解0.1740.3490.2481.190(0.600～2.361)0.619
听说过，大致了解0.9020.3636.1672.464(1.209～5.019)0.013
非常了解1.0590.4864.7432.885(1.112～7.485)0.029
您估计60岁及以上老年人群流感
疫苗的接种比例是多少
<20%—
[20%～40%)0.0550.3380.0271.057(0.545～2.048)0.870
[40%～60%)0.2610.3250.6461.299(0.687～2.457)0.422
[60%～80%)1.2470.4119.2153.478(1.555～7.779)0.002
≥80%1.5240.7484.1454.591(1.058～19.915)0.042
对个人健康状况满意程度-0.2190.0935.5530.804(0.670～0.964)0.018
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西南某市未接种流感疫苗老年人群的知信现状与接种意愿的影响因素研究
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马豪 1 , 张婷 2 , 彭苏霞 3 , 刘傲男 1 , 马蕊 1 , 陈琳静 2 , 雷蕾 1 , 杨艳芳 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(7): 1290-1294
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(7): 1290-1294
西南某市未接种流感疫苗老年人群的知信现状与接种意愿的影响因素研究
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马豪1, 张婷2, 彭苏霞3 , 刘傲男1, 马蕊1, 陈琳静2, 雷蕾1, 杨艳芳1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系，四川 成都 610041
  • 2.西南财经大学经济与管理研究院应用经济学系，四川 成都 611130
  • 3.雅安市疾病预防控制中心

    • 马豪（1996—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：传染病流行病学

通讯作者:

彭苏霞，E-mail:；
杨艳芳，E-mail:
Study on the current situation of knowledge and belief and the influencing factors of vaccination willingness among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwest city
Hao MA1, Ting ZHANG2, Su-xia PENG3 , Ao-nan LIU1, Rui MA1, Lin-jing CHEN2, Lei LEI1, Yan-fang YANG1
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312471
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摘要
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目的

了解目前西南某市未接种流感疫苗老年人群对流感疫苗的知信现状和接种意愿，分析影响该老年人群接种意愿的因素，为推进流感疫苗普及提供依据。

方法

收集某市2023年10—12月600例60岁及以上未接种流感疫苗的老年人对流感疫苗相关知识的知信现状与接种意愿，最终有效问卷538份。采用t检验和χ2检验进行单因素分析，流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析采用logistic回归模型。

结果

538例老年人中57.8%的有流感疫苗接种意愿。55.6%的老年人“不了解或没有听说过流感疫苗”；53.2%的老年人认为“流感疫苗可能没有效果”；67.5%的老年人认为“接种流感疫苗会产生副作用”，且“估计产生副作用的比例”为17.53%。流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析结果显示，与“没有听说过流感疫苗”组相比，“大致了解”者(OR=2.464, 95%CI：1.209～5.019, P=0.013)和“非常了解”者(OR=2.885, 95%CI：1.112～7.485, P=0.029)流感疫苗接种意愿高；与“估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例为<20%”组相比，“估计接种比例60%～80%”组(OR=3.478, 95%CI：1.555～7.779, P=0.002)和“估计接种比例≥80%”组(OR=4.591, 95%CI：1.058～19.915, P=0.042)流感疫苗接种意愿高；“对个人健康状况满意程度”评分越高，流感疫苗接种意愿越低(OR=0.804, 95%CI：0.670～0.964, P=0.018)。

结论

该地区未接种流感疫苗的老年人群对流感及其疫苗的了解情况不足，流感疫苗接种意愿较低，亟待提高。建议该地区加强流感及其疫苗的知识普及和大力宣传，采取结合实际的疫苗接种策略以提高流感疫苗接种意愿和接种率。

流行性感冒  /  流感疫苗  /  接种意愿  /  老年人
Objective

To understand the current status of knowledge and willingness of influenza vaccination among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwestern city, and to analyze the factors affecting the willingness of influenza vaccination, so as to provide a basis for promoting the popularization of influenza vaccine.

Methods

A total of 600 elderly people aged 60 and above who were not vaccinated with influenza vaccine from October to December 2023 were surveyed on their knowledge and willingness to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Finally, 538 valid questionnaires were collected. Univariate analysis was carried out using t-test and χ2 test, and logistic regression model was used to analyze influenza vaccination intention.

Results

In total 57.8% of the 538 elderly people were willing to be vaccinated against influenza. Specifically, 55.6% of the elderly “did not know or have not heard of the influenza vaccine”, 53.2% of the elderly believed that “the influenza vaccine may not be effective”, 67.5% of the elderly believed that “influenza vaccination would have side effects”, and the estimated proportion of side effects was at 17.53%. The results of multivariate analysis of influenza vaccination willingness showed that people who had “general knowledge” (OR=2.464, 95%CI: 1.209-5.019, P=0.013) and who were “very knowledgeable” (OR=2.885, 95%CI: 1.112-7.485, P=0.029) were more likely to be vaccinated than those who had not heard of influenza vaccine.Compared with the “estimated proportion of influenza vaccination in people aged 60 and over < 20%” group, the “estimated vaccination ratio of 60% to 80%” group (OR=3.478, 95%CI=1.555-7.779, P=0.002), and the “estimated vaccination ratio ≥80%” group (OR=4.591, 95%CI=1.058-19.915, P=0.042) had higher willingness to vaccinate influenza vaccine. The higher the score of satisfaction with personal health, the lower the willingness to be vaccinated against influenza (OR=0.804, 95%CI=0.670-0.964, P=0.018).

Conclusion

The elderly people who have not been vaccinated with influenza vaccine in this area do not know enough about influenza and its vaccine, and the willingness of influenza vaccination is low, which needs to be improved urgently. It is suggested that the knowledge and publicity of influenza and its vaccine be strengthened in this region, and practical vaccination strategies should be adopted to improve the willingness and vaccination rate of influenza vaccination.

Influenza  /  Influenza vaccine  /  Willingness to be vaccinated  /  The elderly
马豪, 张婷, 彭苏霞, 刘傲男, 马蕊, 陈琳静, 雷蕾, 杨艳芳. 西南某市未接种流感疫苗老年人群的知信现状与接种意愿的影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1290 -1294 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312471
Hao MA, Ting ZHANG, Su-xia PENG, Ao-nan LIU, Rui MA, Lin-jing CHEN, Lei LEI, Yan-fang YANG. Study on the current situation of knowledge and belief and the influencing factors of vaccination willingness among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwest city[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1290 -1294 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312471
正文
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流行性感冒（简称流感，influenza）是由流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病，严重危害人群健康。流感病毒（influenza virus）为分节段RNA病毒，易发生抗原漂移和抗原转换[1]，传播迅速，可引起季节性流行，在易感人群聚集的场所常发生暴发疫情[2]。根据流感监测周报的统计，今冬我国南北方均以A（H3N2）亚型流感毒株为优势株，南方较北方更早形成流行。截至目前，全国省份哨点医院报告的流感样病例(ILI)百分比，均高于2020—2022年同期水平[3]。
由于流感病毒变异速度较快，常引起大流行。每年季节性流感流行在全球可导致300～500万重症病例，29～65万流感相关死亡[4]。老年人和慢性基础疾病患者等高危人群，患流感后出现严重疾病和死亡的风险更高[5]。四川省某市2023年出台“60岁及以上该市户籍老人可半价接种流感疫苗”政策，以鼓励符合条件的老年人接种流感疫苗并提高对流感和流感疫苗的认识。为了解该地老年人群对流感疫苗的认知情况，并探讨影响老年人流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素，本课题组于2023年10—12月开展了流感疫苗相关知识知信现状与接种意愿的现场调查，旨在为该地老年人群流感的防控提供参考。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　研究对象
西南某市60岁及以上未接种流感疫苗的本市户籍居民。本调查共发放问卷600份，其中62份因逻辑错误等原因被判为无效问卷，有效问卷538份，有效率为89.67%。本课题研究方案经四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院伦理委员会的批准（医伦理［2023］第Gwll2023220号），所有研究对象在问卷调查前均自愿签订了知情同意书。
1.2　方法与内容
采用机会抽样的方法进行现况调查。自行设计以流感和流感疫苗相关认识、态度和行为等内容为主的访谈式问卷。调查内容包括调查对象基本情况（年龄、性别、文化程度）、流感疫苗接种意愿、流感疫苗认知、自评健康状况（10分制）等。将计划于2023—2024年度接种流感疫苗定义为有意愿接种。
1.3　质量控制
在专家咨询和研讨的基础上设计并完善研究方案和调查问卷。在正式调查前开展预调查，修改完善问卷内容。由开展调查的市疾病预防控制中心指定专人负责联系本市的社区卫生服务中心进行调查。调查结束后，对各调查单位调查对象基本情况进行核实。对有逻辑错误和时长不符合标准的个案数据予以剔除。
1.4　统计学分析
采用Excel 2021软件整理数据，应用Stata 17.0软件进行统计分析。
采用（均数±标准差）、构成比（%）指标描述研究对象一般情况和流感疫苗的知信现状。采用t检验和χ2检验描述研究对象一般情况、流感疫苗接种意愿、流感疫苗认知及自评健康状况。流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析采用logistic回归模型，分析前采用方差膨胀因子检验（VIF）进行自变量的多重共线性诊断，检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象一般情况
本研究最终纳入538名老年人，年龄为（71.40±7.13）岁。其中，男性234例，占43.5%，女性304例，占56.5%。227名老年人（42.2%）无流感疫苗接种意愿，311名老年人（57.8%）有流感疫苗接种意愿。小学及以下文化程度者210例（39.0%），初中186例（34.6%），高中及以上142例（26.4%）。538名老年人“对个人健康状况满意程度”评分为（8.68±1.52）分，“对个人生活状况满意程度”评分为（9.12±1.37）分。
2.2　研究对象流感疫苗的知信现状
流感疫苗知信现状结果显示，55.6%的老年人“不了解或者没有听说过流感疫苗”，44.4%的老年人“大致了解或非常了解流感疫苗”。“对现有疫苗政策满意程度”评分为（8.66±1.66）分。26.4%的老年人认为“疫苗费用过高”，37.0%的老年人认为“接种疫苗浪费自己的时间”，53.2%的老年人认为“流感疫苗可能没有效果”，67.5%的老年人认为“接种流感疫苗会产生副作用”，并“估计产生副作用的比例”为17.53%。被调查者估计该市49.24%的60岁及以上老年人群会接种流感疫苗；估计“接种了流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群流感流行期间发病率”为19.37%，估计“未接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群流感流行期间发病率”为47.32%。估计“接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群的流感治疗平均花费”为757.22元，估计“未接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群的流感治疗平均花费”为1 376.63元。见表1。
2.3　流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素分析
2.3.1　单因素分析结果
单因素分析结果显示，“是否了解过流感疫苗”、“是否认为接种疫苗浪费时间”、“您估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例是多少”、“您估计未接种流感疫苗的60岁及以上老年人群流感流行期间发病率是多少”、“对现有疫苗政策满意程度”、“对个人健康状况满意程度”、“对个人生活状况满意程度”是该老年人群流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.3.2　多因素分析结果
将可能影响流感疫苗接种意愿的因素进行多重共线性诊断，VIF为1.33，最大值为1.86，显示自变量间不存在多重共线性。“听说过，并大致了解流感疫苗”(OR=2.464, 95%CI：1.209～5.019, P=0.013)、“非常了解流感疫苗”(OR=2.885,95%CI：1.112～7.485, P=0.029)、“估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例为60%～80%”组(OR=3.478, 95%CI：1.555～7.779, P=0.002)、“估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例为≥80%”组(OR=4.591, 95%CI：1.058～19.915, P=0.042)、“对个人健康状况满意程度”(OR=0.804, 95%CI：0.670～0.964, P=0.018)是影响流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。见表2。
3　讨论
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目前公认预防流感最有效的方式是接种流感疫苗[6]。本次调查的西南某市在出台了“60岁及以上本市户籍老年人可半价接种流感疫苗”政策的情况下，仍有55.6%的老年人表示“不了解或没有听说过流感疫苗”，这可能与宣传方式或老年人群的接受程度有关。“听说过，并大致了解流感疫苗和非常了解流感疫苗”是影响老年人群接种流感疫苗意愿的积极因素，这表示通过对流感疫苗的积极宣传、专题活动、主题教育等方式提高对流感疫苗的知晓情况可以直接提高人群的接种意愿[7]。由于部分老年人对智能设备掌握程度较低，可能线下面对面的宣传方式更为有效。同时，有67.47%的老年人认为“接种流感疫苗可能产生副作用”，针对疫苗的安全性或可能的副作用一直以来都是阻碍疫苗接种的重要原因[8]，有研究表明疫苗不良事件的发生加之自身对疫苗安全性的担忧会影响人们对疫苗本身的信任[9]，有学者建议加强疫苗接种的相关宣传，并主动公开疫苗安全性与保护效果资料，以提高人群对疫苗的了解，减少顾虑[10]。
本次调查问卷中采用了让被调查者主动估计一些指标的方式，来了解被调查者对流感或流感疫苗的认知情况。本研究中，有流感疫苗接种意愿组和无流感疫苗接种意愿组估计的“60岁及以上老年人流感疫苗接种比例”均在40%以上，查阅文献，该市所在省份2020年流感疫苗总体接种率约为4.20%[11]。由被调查者估计的接种流感疫苗与未接种的60岁及以上老年人群的流感治疗花费分别为757.22元和1 376.63元，查阅文献，该省60岁及以上老年人住院病例人均直接医疗费用范围为14 250.0～19 349.1元，人均间接医疗费用1 270.0元；门诊病例的人均直接医疗费用为139.6～523.0元[12]。由被调查者估计的接种流感疫苗与未接种的60岁及以上老年人群流感发病率分别为19.37%和47.32%，该省2015年的全人群流感发病率为3.12%，50～69岁组为1.63%，≥70岁组为1.64%，均低于本次调查的估计值[13]。该结果说明，老年人并不缺乏针对流感病毒感染的风险判断能力，然而坊间虚构的指标和言论很可能会模糊流感与其疫苗的真实状况并使群体产生倾向性。已有研究发现，最紧密的家人、朋友，或稍远一层的人际圈均可影响个人的健康行为[14]，所以正确地使用真实数据进行引导是十分必要的。
同时，本研究发现对自身健康状况满意程度评价是影响流感疫苗接种意愿的消极因素。Jens-Oliver Bock等人认为，感知压力越高，接种疫苗的可能性就越高。感知到的压力与焦虑呈正相关，焦虑又与对流感后果的担忧增加相对应[15]。对自身健康状况满意程度高的老年人感受到的健康压力更低，对流感后果的担忧较低，就会出现流感疫苗接种意愿更低的情况。综上所述，老年人群是流感的高危人群，建议政府提供更多的疫苗政策支持，使用更为高效的宣传方式，提高老年人群接种流感疫苗的意愿，提高接种率，尽可能降低流感给老年人群带来的疾病负担。
基金
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  • 西南某市肺炎和流感疫苗接种的健康与经济学评价及疫苗普及促进研究项目(22H0756)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第51卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312471
  • 接收时间：2023-12-24
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-24
基金
西南某市肺炎和流感疫苗接种的健康与经济学评价及疫苗普及促进研究项目(22H0756)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系，四川 成都 610041
    2.西南财经大学经济与管理研究院应用经济学系，四川 成都 611130
    3.雅安市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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