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Article(id=1240950909161763004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311513, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701014400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773795352497, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1712678400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773795352497, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773795352497, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795352497, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240950898113966774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773795349862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795519367, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1320, endPage=1324, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240950909551833322, articleId=1240950909161763004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A Mendelian randomized study on the causal relationship between blood metabolites and heart failure, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the potential causal relationship between blood metabolites and the risk of heart failure by two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Methods

Based on a genome-wide association study containing 486 blood metabolites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with blood metabolites was selected as instrumental variables. The heart failure data were derived from the Genome-Wide Association Study of the Molecular Epidemiology Research Consortium for Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure. The potential causal relationship between them was analyzed by inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression method, and weighted median method, and the sensitivity analysis was perfomed using MR-Egger regression intercept, Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method.

Results

In total 7 516 SNP associated with blood metabolites were selected as instrumental variables. The results of inverse variance weighting analysis showed that pantothenic acid was associated with heart failure (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.03-1.63). Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the results were robust.

Conclusion

This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between pantothenic acid and the risk of heart failure, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and drug targets of heart failure.

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目的

采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法评估血液代谢物和心力衰竭风险之间的潜在因果关系。

方法

利用一项包含486种血液代谢物的全基因组关联研究为暴露因素，选择与血液代谢物独立相关的显著SNP作为工具变量。心力衰竭数据来源于心力衰竭治疗靶点的分子流行病学研究联盟的全基因组关联研究。通过逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法分析两者的潜在因果关系，利用MR-Egger回归截距、Cochran Q检验、MR-PRESSO和留一法进行敏感性分析。

结果

共筛选到7 516个与血液代谢物相关的SNPs作为工具变量，通过逆方差加权法分析结果显示，泛酸和心力衰竭有关（OR=1.29，95%CI: 1.03～1.63，P=0.029），敏感性分析保证了结果稳健。

结论

本研究提示泛酸与心力衰竭发病风险呈正向因果关系，这可能为心力衰竭的发病机制和药物靶点提供新见解。

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庞丽娟，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kZ3bZDX+NO3bptzFVMhPaQ==, magXml=e/nXNfxJPoeFZZyTWD3NFw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ctgq6kpqSn8grxypGYiP5A==, pdfFileSize=839282, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=4cwCp5oHRFGn9AjDGF1Bdw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=R/AljxggJ/cfuGV55oEfyQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李泽莹（1997—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：心血管疾病的研究

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李泽莹（1997—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：心血管疾病的研究

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李泽莹（1997—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：心血管疾病的研究

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注：图A为MR分析散点图；图B为MR分析留一图敏感性分析结果。

, figureFileSmall=l/DubO0Uz4hV8EL5sSvEAg==, figureFileBig=hW4MXcBXkJlIH49yoAXkzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972164858442169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950909161763004, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血液代谢物编码血液代谢物代谢途径MR-PRESSO global 检验MR-Egger 截距检验Cochran Q test
P值P值P-IVWP-MR-Egger
M01508泛酸辅因子和维生素0.9930.7740.9890.984
), ArticleFig(id=1240972166372585920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950909161763004, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

异质性和敏感性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血液代谢物编码血液代谢物代谢途径MR-PRESSO global 检验MR-Egger 截距检验Cochran Q test
P值P值P-IVWP-MR-Egger
M01508泛酸辅因子和维生素0.9930.7740.9890.984
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血液代谢物与心力衰竭因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究
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李泽莹 1 , 许童 1 , 金珊 1 , 王成燕 1 , 庞丽娟 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(7): 1320-1324
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(7): 1320-1324
血液代谢物与心力衰竭因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究
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李泽莹1, 许童1, 金珊1, 王成燕1, 庞丽娟1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.石河子大学第一附属医院病理科/国家卫生健康委中亚高发病防治重点实验室/石河子大学医学院病理学系/新疆地方与民族高发病教育部重点实验室，新疆 石河子 832099
  • 2.广东医科大学附属湛江中心人民医院病理科，广东 湛江 524037

    • 李泽莹（1997—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：心血管疾病的研究

通讯作者:

庞丽娟，E-mail:
A Mendelian randomized study on the causal relationship between blood metabolites and heart failure
Ze-ying* LI1, Tong XU1, Shan JIN1, Cheng-yan WANG1, Li-juan PANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine, Shihezi University)/Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832099, China
出版时间: 2024-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311513
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摘要
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目的

采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法评估血液代谢物和心力衰竭风险之间的潜在因果关系。

方法

利用一项包含486种血液代谢物的全基因组关联研究为暴露因素，选择与血液代谢物独立相关的显著SNP作为工具变量。心力衰竭数据来源于心力衰竭治疗靶点的分子流行病学研究联盟的全基因组关联研究。通过逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法分析两者的潜在因果关系，利用MR-Egger回归截距、Cochran Q检验、MR-PRESSO和留一法进行敏感性分析。

结果

共筛选到7 516个与血液代谢物相关的SNPs作为工具变量，通过逆方差加权法分析结果显示，泛酸和心力衰竭有关（OR=1.29，95%CI: 1.03～1.63，P=0.029），敏感性分析保证了结果稳健。

结论

本研究提示泛酸与心力衰竭发病风险呈正向因果关系，这可能为心力衰竭的发病机制和药物靶点提供新见解。

血液代谢物  /  心力衰竭  /  孟德尔随机化  /  因果推断  /  泛酸
Objective

To evaluate the potential causal relationship between blood metabolites and the risk of heart failure by two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Methods

Based on a genome-wide association study containing 486 blood metabolites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with blood metabolites was selected as instrumental variables. The heart failure data were derived from the Genome-Wide Association Study of the Molecular Epidemiology Research Consortium for Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure. The potential causal relationship between them was analyzed by inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression method, and weighted median method, and the sensitivity analysis was perfomed using MR-Egger regression intercept, Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method.

Results

In total 7 516 SNP associated with blood metabolites were selected as instrumental variables. The results of inverse variance weighting analysis showed that pantothenic acid was associated with heart failure (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.03-1.63). Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the results were robust.

Conclusion

This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between pantothenic acid and the risk of heart failure, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and drug targets of heart failure.

Blood metabolites  /  Heart failure  /  Mendelian randomization  /  Causal inference  /  Pantothenic acid
李泽莹, 许童, 金珊, 王成燕, 庞丽娟. 血液代谢物与心力衰竭因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1320 -1324 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311513
Ze-ying* LI, Tong XU, Shan JIN, Cheng-yan WANG, Li-juan PANG. A Mendelian randomized study on the causal relationship between blood metabolites and heart failure[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1320 -1324 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311513
正文
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心力衰竭（heart failure）是一种由心脏结构和功能变化引起的心室功能障碍，中国高血压调查研究，在≥35岁的中国人群中，心力衰竭的患病率为1.3%，已经成为我国慢性心血管疾病预防和治疗的重要难题[1]。心力衰竭患者常伴有呼吸困难、运动耐量下降、全身体液潴留等症状，最终导致患者的生活质量严重下降甚至死亡[2]。因此识别心力衰竭高风险因素并尽早实施预防性干预措施是改善心力衰竭患者预后的关键。
代谢紊乱是大多数心血管疾病的基础。代谢组学研究可以更准确地反映有机体的实际代谢状态，通过检测生物样品中的小分子物质来探索与疾病诊断和预后相关的生物标志物，目前已广泛应用于临床和实验研究[3]。目前对心力衰竭代谢变化的研究主要集中于脂肪酸和葡萄糖代谢的变化上，却忽略了心力衰竭的其他代谢途径，全面的代谢分子研究可以为心力衰竭的发病机制提供新的视角[4]。血液代谢物可以反应生物体对遗传或环境变化的生理状态[5]。如果血液代谢组学可以用来了解心力衰竭的机制和进展，甚至表征疾病发生的个体差异，将对精准心脏病学大有裨益[6]。然而目前仍然缺乏全面和系统的研究来评估血液代谢物对心力衰竭的因果影响。
孟德尔随机化（Mendelion Randomization, MR）是一种流行病学方法，它使用单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP）作为暴露相关工具变量（instrumental variables, IV）来评估暴露与疾病之间的因果关系[7]。MR分析是替代随机临床试验分析因果关系的重要方法，MR分析利用自然界中的随机分配的基因型来推断暴露对疾病的影响，从而克服了观察性研究中常见的混杂因素[8-9]。
本研究以全基因组关联研究（genome-wide association study, GWAS）统计数据为数据，以双样本MR分析为研究方法，评估血液代谢产物与心力衰竭之间的因果关系，选取与心力衰竭相关的候选血液代谢物，为心力衰竭的早期诊断和治疗策略提供了新思路。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　研究设计
如图1所示，基于双样本MR方法，本研究旨在探究血清代谢物与心力衰竭之间的因果关系。MR基于三个主要假设：一是，遗传变异应与暴露密切相关；二是，遗传变异应与任何潜在混杂因素无关；三是，遗传变异仅通过暴露与结果相关。
1.2　人类血液代谢物的GWAS数据
人类血液代谢物的GWAS数据来自So-Youn Shin等人[10]对血液代谢物进行的全基因组关联估计。该研究包括的7 824名欧洲成年人，使用液相色谱和气相色谱分离结合串联质谱分析血浆或血清，最终成功获得486个血液代谢产物，其中已知代谢物309种，未知代谢物177种。这309种已知的代谢物被进一步分为8种代谢途径，分别为碳水化合物、脂质、氨基酸、核苷酸、能量产物、辅因子和维生素、肽和外源性化合物。
1.3　心力衰竭的GWAS数据
心力衰竭的全基因组关联研究的数据来自心力衰竭治疗靶点的分子流行病学研究联盟26项研究[11]，这些数据来自于欧洲人群，包括47 309名病例和930 014名对照。
1.4　遗传工具变量筛选
首先筛选出与血清代谢物独立相关的显著基因位点（P<1×10-5）[12]。为去除连锁不平衡（link-age disequilibrium，LD），将IV的连锁不平衡参数r2阈值设为0. 001和遗传距离窗口设置为10 000 kb。通过公式R2（N-2）/（1-R2）计算每个SNP的F统计量，统计量F<10的表明潜在的弱IV偏倚，筛选F>10的SNP[13]。
1.5　MR分析
使用R 4.2.1软件中运用twoSample MR程序包进行MR分析。主要采用逆方差加权法（inverse-variance-weighted，IVW）分析血清代谢物和心力衰竭的因果关系，P<0.05认为有意义。MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法（weighted median，WM）作为补充分析[14]。
1.6　敏感性分析
使用MR-Egger-intercept检验进行水平多效性。使用留一法(leave-one-out sensitivity test)评估单个SNP对因果关系的影响。计算Cochran Q统计量检测异质性（P<0.05）。使用MR-PRESSO方法检测异常值，去除异常值后重新分析[15]。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　遗传工具变量筛选
根据研究工具变量的筛选标准对486种血液代谢物筛选，得到IVs的SNP数量从2到229不等。IVs的所有F统计量均大于10（最小F统计量为17.44），表明所有SNPs均可以进行MR分析。见表1。
2.2　MR分析结果
采用IVW评估486种血液代谢物和心力衰竭之间的因果关系，鉴定出12种代谢物和心力衰竭显著相关（P<0.05），见图2。森林图结果显示这12种代谢物包括1种核苷酸，1种辅因子和维生素，5种脂质和5种未知代谢物，见图3。为了使该因果具有一定的稳定性，结合MR-Egger、WM，去除IVW、MR-Egger和WM分析结果方向相反的血清代谢物，共筛选出7种已知的血液血清代谢物，包括肌苷（OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.02～1.25, P=0.023）、泛酸（OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.03～1.63, P=0.029）、甘氨脱氧胆酸钠（OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.81～0.99, P=0.027）、油酰基肉碱（OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.04～1.90, P=0.029）、十六碳二酸二甲酯（OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.76～0.99, P=0.040）、肉豆蔻酸（OR=1.29, 95%CI:1.01～1.65, P=0.043）、1-亚油酰甘油磷酰乙醇胺（OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.03～1.63, P=0.029）。
2.3　敏感性分析
为了使结果更具有可靠性，我们进一步进行敏感性分析。通过留一法结果最终确定泛酸的单个SNP对该因果关系的影响较小，见图4。使用MR-Egger和IVW进行Cochran Q检验，结果显示工具变量间无异质性（P>0.05），MR-Egger回归截距结果检测显示无水平多效性（P>0.05），MR-PRESSO结果显示未发现异常值，见表1。
3　讨论
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本研究通过MR分析对血液代谢物与心力衰竭进行因果评估，通过敏感性分析排除混杂因素，最终确定了一种血清代谢物与心力衰竭之间的因果关系，结果显示泛酸可引起心力衰竭的发生风险增加。代谢组的研究可以为心血管疾病的发病机制提供重要的见解，并提供识别新的心血管疾病生物标志物的潜力[16]。
当心脏无法正常泵血并且不能通过身体输送足够的血液时，就会发生心力衰竭。心力衰竭最常见的危险因素是高血压、冠状动脉疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、吸烟和遗传[17]。心脏是身体的主要能量消耗者之一，已被证明与多种循环代谢物失调的各种异常相关，例如脂质、葡萄糖、酮体、氨基酸和乳酸[6]。然而心脏的能量代谢表现出高度的复杂性，近年来维生素因参与细胞稳态的许多基本反应而受到越来越的关注[18]。
泛酸，又称维生素B5，是一种水溶性维生素，广泛存在于植物和动物来源的食物中[19]。泛酸是辅酶A（coenzyme A, CoA）的前体，对多种生化反应（如三羧酸循环、脂肪酸代谢或β氧化）至关重要[20]。
目前关于泛酸在心力衰竭中的研究甚少。研究表明泛酸是把双刃剑。维生素B5作为CoA的前体，影响甘油三酯的合成和脂蛋白代谢，有助于亚临床动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展[21]。Navdeep G研究表明，在高BMI的2型糖尿病患者的血清中，泛酸的水平显著增高[22]。而Jung S在一项对韩国农村地区成年人的研究发现泛酸与C反应蛋白呈现负相关关系[23]。C反应蛋白可以直接结合低密度脂蛋白，参与动脉粥样硬化中泡沫细胞的形成[24]。一项对429名冠心病的病例对照研究中发现，血浆中维生素B5浓度与冠心病之间存在L形关系，患者血浆维生素B5浓度<40.95 ng/ml时，随着维生素B5浓度的增加，冠心病的风险显着降低；然而，在血浆维生素B5浓度为≥40.95 ng/ml的受试者中，血浆维生素B5浓度的增加不再与冠心病风险降低相关[25]。一项关于维生素B5与中国高血压成年人死亡风险的研究中发现，血浆维生素B5水平(≥45.7 ng/mL)与高血压死亡风险增加有关，尤其在年龄≥66.4岁、叶酸浓度≥6.0 ng/mL的人群中具有更强的联系[26]。Pankaja S[27]的一项对健康老年人及年轻人补充复合维生素和矿物质的研究中发现，老年人血浆中维生素B5水平高于年轻人，这表明在健康的老年人中，维生素B5的吸收、代谢和相互转化发生了变化。本研究表明泛酸可能促进心力衰竭的发生发展，是否存在阈值及泛酸与心力衰竭之间复杂的关系仍有待进一步的研究。
本研究存在一定的优势，首先，探讨人类血液代谢物与心力衰竭之间的因果关系，我们选择了486种血液代谢物作为MR分析的暴露因子，旨在研究导致心力衰竭的代谢特征。其次，MR分析有效地克服了传统观察性研究的缺陷，在很大程度上避免了反向因果关系和混杂干扰。最后，通过敏感性分析确保了结果的稳定性。
然而，这项研究有一些局限性。首先，由于血液代谢物的样本量较小，SNP数量有限，因此本研究设定了较宽的阈值，但每个SNP的F统计量大于10，表明没有弱工具变量偏倚，然而我们并不能排除假阳性结果的可能性。其次，本文中的所有GWAS数据库都来自欧洲，今后需要进一步研究以评估其在其他族裔群体中的普遍性。最后，由于本研究所使用的GWAS数据没有对性别、年龄等分层的数据，因此不能进一步分层研究。
总之，我们通过MR分析确定了泛酸与心力衰竭之间的因果关系，为泛酸对心力衰竭的进展提供了初步证据，可能为个性化监控及管理心力衰竭患者的泛酸含量提供依据。然而，目前对泛酸和心力衰竭的实验研究有限，仍需更多的研究来探索泛酸是否可以用作筛查和预防心力衰竭的临床循环生物标志物。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(82060054)
  • 疾病防治重点项目专题(2022A01103; 2023A214)
  • 湛江市科技发展专项竞争性分配项目(2022A01028)
  • 湛江中心人民医院高层次人才科研启动经费(2022A15; 2022A16)
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2024年第51卷第7期
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文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311513
  • 接收时间：2023-11-27
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-27
基金
国家自然科学基金(82060054)
疾病防治重点项目专题(2022A01103; 2023A214)
湛江市科技发展专项竞争性分配项目(2022A01028)
湛江中心人民医院高层次人才科研启动经费(2022A15; 2022A16)
作者信息
    1.石河子大学第一附属医院病理科/国家卫生健康委中亚高发病防治重点实验室/石河子大学医学院病理学系/新疆地方与民族高发病教育部重点实验室，新疆 石河子 832099
    2.广东医科大学附属湛江中心人民医院病理科，广东 湛江 524037

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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