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Article(id=1240950908239016052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699632000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773795352277, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1712678400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773795352277, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773795352277, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795352277, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240950898113966774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773795349862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795519367, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1234, endPage=1238, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240950908679418002, articleId=1240950908239016052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prevalence of internet addiction disorder and its relationship with behavioral factors among students aged 11 to 22 years in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2021, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the prevalence and annual change trend of Internet addiction among students aged 11 and 22 in Inner Mongolia in 2019 and 2021, and to explore the influencing factors of Internet addiction behavior, so as to provide reference basis for the prevention of Internet addiction among students.

Methods

Students were selected from 12 cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by stratified cluster random sampling. Internet addiction disorder was determined according to the items of “surveillance and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students in China”. Logistic regression method was used to analyze the relationship between Internet addiction and behavioral factors.

Results

The prevalence of Internet addiction among students aged 11 to 22 years in Inner Mongolia in 2019 was 1.92%, 2.50%, and 2.21%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that vocational high school (OR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.083-1.675), single parent family (OR=1.279, 95%CI:1.090-1.500), reconstituted family (OR=1.326, 95%CI: 1.041-1.690), bullying (OR=1.755, 95%CI: 1.443-2.135), depression (OR=3.557, 95%CI: 3.146-4.021), fighting (OR=3.374, 95%CI: 2.512-4.531), sugary drinks (OR=2.182. 95%CI:1.753-2.716),and eating fried food (OR=2.398, 95%CI: 1.908-3.014) were the risk factor of Internet addiction. Outdoor activities for 2 hours (OR=0.620, 95%CI: 0.530-0.726), non-smoking (OR=0.553, 95%CI: 0.476-0.643), and non-drinking (OR=0.581, 95%CI:0.507-0.666) were the protective factors of Internet addiction.

Conclusion

The current situation of Internet addiction among students in Inner Mongolia is not optimistic. Attention should be paid to bullying, depression, reconstituted families, fighting students, and vocational high school students. Outdoor activities for 1 to 2 hours a day, reducing the intake of sugary drinks and fried foods, and no smoking and drinking can effectively reduce the incidence of Internet addiction.

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目的

了解2019—2021年内蒙古自治区（简称内蒙古）11～22岁学生网络成瘾的流行率及年度变化趋势，探讨网络成瘾行为影响因素，为预防学生网络成瘾提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在内蒙古12盟市抽取学生作为研究对象，依据《全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预》方案中有关网络成瘾条目判定网络成瘾。应用logistic回归方法，分析网络成瘾与行为因素关系。

结果

2019—2021年内蒙古11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行率分别为1.92%、2.50%、2.21%；logistic回归分析结果显示：职业高中（OR=1.347,95%CI:1.083～1.675）、单亲家庭（OR= 1.279,95%CI:1.090～1.500）、重组家庭（OR=1.326,95%CI:1.041～1.690）、遭受欺凌（OR=1.755,95%CI:1.443～2.135）、抑郁（OR=3.557,95%CI:3.146～4.021）、打架（OR=3.374,95%CI:2.512～4.531）、喝含糖饮料（OR=2.182，95%CI:1.753～2.716）、吃油炸食物（OR=2.398,95%CI:1.908～3.014）是网络成瘾的危险因素；户外活动1～2 h（OR=0.620,95%CI:0.530～0.726）、不吸烟（OR=0.553,95%CI:0.476～0.643）、不饮酒（OR=0.581,95%CI:0.507～0.666）是网络成瘾的保护因素。

结论

内蒙古学生网络成瘾现状不容乐观，应着重关注遭受欺凌、抑郁、重组家庭以及爱打架学生和职业高中学生，在行为方面每天户外活动1～2 h，减少含糖饮料和油炸食物的摄入，不吸烟，不饮酒，可有效降低网络成瘾的发生。

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张秀红，E-mail:
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赵菊芳（1989—），女，硕士，主治医师，主要研究方向：学生常见病监测与干预

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赵菊芳（1989—），女，硕士，主治医师，主要研究方向：学生常见病监测与干预

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Correlation of depressive symptoms and unhealthy eating behaviors in middle school students[J]. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2023, 37(7): 583-589., articleTitle=Correlation of depressive symptoms and unhealthy eating behaviors in middle school students, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240972166301274672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, awardId=2020GG0022, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0022), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240972158273376469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972158315319510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, companyId=1240972158273376469, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of School Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972158332096727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, companyId=1240972158273376469, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240972163759526346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Prevalence of Internet addiction among students in Inner Mongolia during 2019 and 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）调查人数检出人数检出率（%）
201970 7731 3621.92
202058 3181 4602.50
202170 3301 5572.21
), ArticleFig(id=1240972163881161170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019—2022年内蒙古学生网络成瘾流行情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）调查人数检出人数检出率（%）
201970 7731 3621.92
202058 3181 4602.50
202170 3301 5572.21
), ArticleFig(id=1240972164048933348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Prevalence of Internet addiction among students with different demographic characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数检出人数检出率（%）χ2值P值
性别男33 8778282.4416.011<0.001
女36 4537292.00
监测点城区23 0935072.200.0540.817
郊县47 2371 0502.22
学段初中40 2938312.0698.988<0.001
普通高中24 5505082.07
职业高中2 9381374.66
大学2 549813.18
家庭结构核心家庭42 3497341.7382.303<0.001
大家庭10 6192622.47
单亲家庭8 3522242.68
重组家庭2 244863.83
), ArticleFig(id=1240972164183151086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同人口学特征学生网络成瘾流行情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数检出人数检出率（%）χ2值P值
性别男33 8778282.4416.011<0.001
女36 4537292.00
监测点城区23 0935072.200.0540.817
郊县47 2371 0502.22
学段初中40 2938312.0698.988<0.001
普通高中24 5505082.07
职业高中2 9381374.66
大学2 549813.18
家庭结构核心家庭42 3497341.7382.303<0.001
大家庭10 6192622.47
单亲家庭8 3522242.68
重组家庭2 244863.83
), ArticleFig(id=1240972164317368828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of Influencing factors of Internet addiction behavior

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数检出人数检出率（%）χ2值P值
欺凌是2 0642019.74556.133<0.001
否68 2661 3561.99
抑郁是14 2088866.241 392.934<0.001
否55 9806671.19
伤害是3 6571594.3581.323<0.001
否66 5401 3942.09
吸烟是6 3124977.871 027.325<0.001
否63 9221 0571.65
饮酒是15 1577815.15774.190<0.001
否54 9047681.40
打架次数(次)062 2579981.601 408.123<0.001
15 1732524.87
2～52 1391979.21
≥661010617.38
过去1周户外活动时间（h）<115 9784292.68118.101<0.001
1～<225 9484001.54
2～<311 7492682.28
≥312 2353012.46
不知道4 2581583.71
睡眠时间睡眠充足12 5532882.290.9480.330
睡眠不足55 0691 1862.15
过去7天，喝几次含糖饮料从来不喝20 9562561.26698.007<0.001
少于每天1次45 5729882.17
每天1次及以上3 7163048.18
过去7天，吃几次油炸食物从来不喝18 8642451.30668.481<0.001
少于每天1次48 1401 0372.15
每天1次及以上3 2012748.56
), ArticleFig(id=1240972164447392263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

网络成瘾行为影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数检出人数检出率（%）χ2值P值
欺凌是2 0642019.74556.133<0.001
否68 2661 3561.99
抑郁是14 2088866.241 392.934<0.001
否55 9806671.19
伤害是3 6571594.3581.323<0.001
否66 5401 3942.09
吸烟是6 3124977.871 027.325<0.001
否63 9221 0571.65
饮酒是15 1577815.15774.190<0.001
否54 9047681.40
打架次数(次)062 2579981.601 408.123<0.001
15 1732524.87
2～52 1391979.21
≥661010617.38
过去1周户外活动时间（h）<115 9784292.68118.101<0.001
1～<225 9484001.54
2～<311 7492682.28
≥312 2353012.46
不知道4 2581583.71
睡眠时间睡眠充足12 5532882.290.9480.330
睡眠不足55 0691 1862.15
过去7天，喝几次含糖饮料从来不喝20 9562561.26698.007<0.001
少于每天1次45 5729882.17
每天1次及以上3 7163048.18
过去7天，吃几次油炸食物从来不喝18 8642451.30668.481<0.001
少于每天1次48 1401 0372.15
每天1次及以上3 2012748.56
), ArticleFig(id=1240972164564832785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of Internet addiction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项BWalsχ2值P值OR值（95%CI）1
性别男1
女0.0811.6850.1941.085(0.959～1.227)
学段初中1
高中-0.25213.809<0.0010.777（0.681～0.888）
职高0.2987.1760.0071.347（1.083～1.675）
大学0.2583.0620.0801.294（0.969～1.728）
家庭结构核心家庭1
大家庭0.1936.3460.0121.213（1.044～1.409）
单亲家庭0.2469.0870.0031.279（1.090～1.500）
重组家庭0.2825.2240.0221.326（1.041～1.690）
欺凌否1
是0.56331.606<0.0011.755（1.443～2.135）
抑郁否1
是1.269410.764<0.0013.557（3.146～4.021）
伤害否1
是0.0480.2200.6391.049（0.859～1.280）
吸烟否-0.59259.250<0.0010.553（0.476～0.643）
是1
饮酒否-0.54361.005<0.0010.581（0.507～0.666）
是1
打架（次）01
10.43624.600<0.0011.546（1.302～1.837）
2～50.75852.373<0.0012.134（1.738～2.621）
≥61.21665.345<0.0013.374（2.512～4.531）
过去1周户外活动时间（h）<11
1～<2-0.47835.356<0.0010.620（0.530～0.726）
2～<3-0.1482.6180.1020.862（0.722～1.030）
≥3-0.1723.8110.0510.842（0.708～1.001）
不知道0.2284.3180.0381.256（1.013～1.558）
过去7天，喝几次含糖饮料从来不喝1
少于每天1次0.1854.8970.0271.203（1.021～1.416）
每天1次及以上0.78048.755<0.0012.182（1.753～2.716）
过去7天，吃几次油炸食物从来不喝1
少于每天1次0.2407.7030.0061.271（1.073～1.505）
每天1次及以上0.87556.286<0.0012.398（1.908～3.014）
常量-3.687487.988<0.0010.025
), ArticleFig(id=1240972164699050527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950908239016052, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

网络成瘾影响因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项BWalsχ2值P值OR值（95%CI）1
性别男1
女0.0811.6850.1941.085(0.959～1.227)
学段初中1
高中-0.25213.809<0.0010.777（0.681～0.888）
职高0.2987.1760.0071.347（1.083～1.675）
大学0.2583.0620.0801.294（0.969～1.728）
家庭结构核心家庭1
大家庭0.1936.3460.0121.213（1.044～1.409）
单亲家庭0.2469.0870.0031.279（1.090～1.500）
重组家庭0.2825.2240.0221.326（1.041～1.690）
欺凌否1
是0.56331.606<0.0011.755（1.443～2.135）
抑郁否1
是1.269410.764<0.0013.557（3.146～4.021）
伤害否1
是0.0480.2200.6391.049（0.859～1.280）
吸烟否-0.59259.250<0.0010.553（0.476～0.643）
是1
饮酒否-0.54361.005<0.0010.581（0.507～0.666）
是1
打架（次）01
10.43624.600<0.0011.546（1.302～1.837）
2～50.75852.373<0.0012.134（1.738～2.621）
≥61.21665.345<0.0013.374（2.512～4.531）
过去1周户外活动时间（h）<11
1～<2-0.47835.356<0.0010.620（0.530～0.726）
2～<3-0.1482.6180.1020.862（0.722～1.030）
≥3-0.1723.8110.0510.842（0.708～1.001）
不知道0.2284.3180.0381.256（1.013～1.558）
过去7天，喝几次含糖饮料从来不喝1
少于每天1次0.1854.8970.0271.203（1.021～1.416）
每天1次及以上0.78048.755<0.0012.182（1.753～2.716）
过去7天，吃几次油炸食物从来不喝1
少于每天1次0.2407.7030.0061.271（1.073～1.505）
每天1次及以上0.87556.286<0.0012.398（1.908～3.014）
常量-3.687487.988<0.0010.025
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2019—2021年内蒙古自治区11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行现状及与行为因素关系
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赵菊芳 , 杨田 , 赵静 , 李国峰 , 裴昊天 , 魏娜娜 , 张秀红
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(7): 1234-1238
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(7): 1234-1238
2019—2021年内蒙古自治区11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行现状及与行为因素关系
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赵菊芳, 杨田, 赵静, 李国峰, 裴昊天, 魏娜娜, 张秀红
作者信息
  • 内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031

    • 赵菊芳（1989—），女，硕士，主治医师，主要研究方向：学生常见病监测与干预

通讯作者:

张秀红，E-mail:
Prevalence of internet addiction disorder and its relationship with behavioral factors among students aged 11 to 22 years in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2021
Ju-fang ZHAO, Tian YANG, Jing ZHAO, Guo-feng LI, Hao-tian PEI, Na-na WEI, Xiu-hong ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Department of School Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
出版时间: 2024-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311124
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摘要
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目的

了解2019—2021年内蒙古自治区（简称内蒙古）11～22岁学生网络成瘾的流行率及年度变化趋势，探讨网络成瘾行为影响因素，为预防学生网络成瘾提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在内蒙古12盟市抽取学生作为研究对象，依据《全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预》方案中有关网络成瘾条目判定网络成瘾。应用logistic回归方法，分析网络成瘾与行为因素关系。

结果

2019—2021年内蒙古11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行率分别为1.92%、2.50%、2.21%；logistic回归分析结果显示：职业高中（OR=1.347,95%CI:1.083～1.675）、单亲家庭（OR= 1.279,95%CI:1.090～1.500）、重组家庭（OR=1.326,95%CI:1.041～1.690）、遭受欺凌（OR=1.755,95%CI:1.443～2.135）、抑郁（OR=3.557,95%CI:3.146～4.021）、打架（OR=3.374,95%CI:2.512～4.531）、喝含糖饮料（OR=2.182，95%CI:1.753～2.716）、吃油炸食物（OR=2.398,95%CI:1.908～3.014）是网络成瘾的危险因素；户外活动1～2 h（OR=0.620,95%CI:0.530～0.726）、不吸烟（OR=0.553,95%CI:0.476～0.643）、不饮酒（OR=0.581,95%CI:0.507～0.666）是网络成瘾的保护因素。

结论

内蒙古学生网络成瘾现状不容乐观，应着重关注遭受欺凌、抑郁、重组家庭以及爱打架学生和职业高中学生，在行为方面每天户外活动1～2 h，减少含糖饮料和油炸食物的摄入，不吸烟，不饮酒，可有效降低网络成瘾的发生。

学生  /  网络成瘾  /  流行率  /  趋势  /  行为因素
Objective

To understand the prevalence and annual change trend of Internet addiction among students aged 11 and 22 in Inner Mongolia in 2019 and 2021, and to explore the influencing factors of Internet addiction behavior, so as to provide reference basis for the prevention of Internet addiction among students.

Methods

Students were selected from 12 cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by stratified cluster random sampling. Internet addiction disorder was determined according to the items of “surveillance and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students in China”. Logistic regression method was used to analyze the relationship between Internet addiction and behavioral factors.

Results

The prevalence of Internet addiction among students aged 11 to 22 years in Inner Mongolia in 2019 was 1.92%, 2.50%, and 2.21%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that vocational high school (OR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.083-1.675), single parent family (OR=1.279, 95%CI:1.090-1.500), reconstituted family (OR=1.326, 95%CI: 1.041-1.690), bullying (OR=1.755, 95%CI: 1.443-2.135), depression (OR=3.557, 95%CI: 3.146-4.021), fighting (OR=3.374, 95%CI: 2.512-4.531), sugary drinks (OR=2.182. 95%CI:1.753-2.716),and eating fried food (OR=2.398, 95%CI: 1.908-3.014) were the risk factor of Internet addiction. Outdoor activities for 2 hours (OR=0.620, 95%CI: 0.530-0.726), non-smoking (OR=0.553, 95%CI: 0.476-0.643), and non-drinking (OR=0.581, 95%CI:0.507-0.666) were the protective factors of Internet addiction.

Conclusion

The current situation of Internet addiction among students in Inner Mongolia is not optimistic. Attention should be paid to bullying, depression, reconstituted families, fighting students, and vocational high school students. Outdoor activities for 1 to 2 hours a day, reducing the intake of sugary drinks and fried foods, and no smoking and drinking can effectively reduce the incidence of Internet addiction.

Students  /  Internet addiction  /  Prevalence  /  Trend  /  Behavioral factors
赵菊芳, 杨田, 赵静, 李国峰, 裴昊天, 魏娜娜, 张秀红. 2019—2021年内蒙古自治区11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行现状及与行为因素关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1234 -1238 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311124
Ju-fang ZHAO, Tian YANG, Jing ZHAO, Guo-feng LI, Hao-tian PEI, Na-na WEI, Xiu-hong ZHANG. Prevalence of internet addiction disorder and its relationship with behavioral factors among students aged 11 to 22 years in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1234 -1238 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311124
正文
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网络成瘾指由于各种因素导致个体无节制、强迫性、难以摆脱地沉迷于网络，从而造成生理、心理及社会功能受损的成瘾行为[1]。在全球范围内，网络成瘾在青少年群体中的流行率为1.0%～18.0%[2]，而国内青少年网络成瘾检出率为2.3%～14%[3]。网络成瘾不仅对儿童青少年的大脑、视力、身体和形体等生理方面造成不良影响，还会降低心理健康水平，甚至引起不良的社会影响，如增加青少年犯罪行为倾向、提高离家出走和自杀概率等[4-5]。通过查阅文献了解到内蒙古自治区（简称内蒙古）近年来只对大学生网络成瘾进行过相关报道，未见对11～22岁学生群体网络成瘾现状的相关报道，也未见对网络成瘾流行率年度变化趋势的相关研究，为弥补以上空白特进行本次调查。了解内蒙古11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行率及年度趋势，探讨网络成瘾行为影响因素，为预防学生网络成瘾提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
本研究采用分层随机整群抽样方法，在内蒙古12盟市，按城区和县区分层，每个城区随机监测2所初中、2所普通高中、1所职业高中、1所大学；每个旗县随机监测2所初中、1所普通高中。每个年级随机抽取80名学生开展调查。本研究获得内蒙古综合疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会批准（审查批准号：202309271），调查开展前取得参与调查学生及家长的书面知情同意书。2019—2021年调查学生人数分别为70 773、58 318和70 330名。
1.2　研究方法
调查问卷来源于《全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测及干预工作方案》，问卷的Cronbach a系数为0.9，内容效度系数为0.86。网络成瘾判定：平均每天用于非工作学习目的的上网时间≥4 h，且同时满足以下九个条目中的四项及以上。条目一为“经常上网，即使不上网，脑中也一直浮现与网络有关的事情”，条目二为“一旦不能上网，就感到不舒服或不愿意干别的事，而上网则缓解”，条目三为“为得到满足感增加上网时间”，条目四为“因为上网而对其他娱乐活动（爱好、会见朋友）失去了兴趣”，条目五为“多次想停止上网，但总不能控制自己”，条目六为“因为上网而不能完成作业或逃学”，条目七为“向家长或老师、同学隐瞒自己上网的事实”，条目八为“明知负面结果（睡眠不足、上课迟到、与父母争执）而继续上网”，条目九为“为了逃避现实、摆脱自己的困境或郁闷、无助、焦虑情绪才上网”。家庭结构包括核心家庭、大家庭、单亲家庭、重组家庭，其他行为影响因素包括欺凌、抑郁、伤害、吸烟、饮酒、打架次数、运动、睡眠、饮食。
1.3　统计分析
采用Epidata建立数据库并双人双录入数据，用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。样本中两个或多个率之间的比较采用χ2检验，检验水准α=0.05，行为影响因素分析采用二元logistic回归分析。
2　结果
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2.1　不同年度内蒙古学生网络成瘾流行情况
2019—2021年调查11～22岁学生数分别为70 773、58 318和70 330名，网络成瘾分别检出1 362、1 460和1 557名，网络成瘾流行率分别为1.92%、2.50%、2.21%，2019—2020年网络成瘾率缓慢上升，2021年小幅下降。见表1。
2.2　不同人口学特征学生网络成瘾流行情况比较
2021年共调查学生70 330名，网络成瘾检出1 557名，检出率2.21%，不同性别、学段、家庭结构网络成瘾检出率存在差异，χ2值分别为16.011、95.988、82.303，P均<0.01；男生检出率为2.44%，高于女生；职高学生检出率最高为4.66%，高于初中、普通高中、大学；重组家庭检出率最高为3.83%。见表2。
2.3　网络成瘾行为影响因素分析
本次调查可改变行为因素包括欺凌、抑郁、伤害、吸烟、饮酒、打架次数、运动、睡眠、饮食等方面，除网络成瘾检出在睡眠时间的分布无差异外，在其他因素分布均有差异（P均<0.01）。被欺凌、抑郁、被伤害学生网络成瘾检出率分别为9.74%、6.24%、4.35%，均高于未欺凌、未抑郁、未伤害学生；吸烟、饮酒学生网络成瘾检出率为7.87%、5.15%；随着打架次数的增多，网络成瘾检出率也增高；每天喝含糖饮料、吃油炸食品≥1次的学生网络成瘾检出率为8.18%、8.56%，高于从来不喝饮料和不吃油炸食品学生；户外活动1到2 h的学生网络成瘾检出率最低为1.54%。见表3。
2.4　网络成瘾多因素分析
将是否网络成瘾作为因变量（1=是，0=否），将单因素分析有差异的变量包括性别（1=男，2=女）、学段（1=初中，2=普通高中，3=职业高中，4=大学）、家庭结构（1=核心家庭，2=大家庭，3=单亲家庭，4=重组家庭）、欺凌（1=是，0=否）、抑郁（1=是，0=否）、伤害（1=是，2=否）、吸烟（1=是，2=否）、饮酒（1=是，2=否）、打架次数（1=0次，2=1次，3=2～5次，4=≥6次）、户外活动时间（1=<1 h，2=1～<2 h，3=2～<3 h，4=≥3 h，5=不知道）、喝含糖饮料（1=从来不喝，2=少于每天1次，3=每天1次及以上）、吃油炸食物（1=从来不喝，2=少于每天1次，3=每天1次及以上）放入二元logistic回归方程，结果显示，普通高中学生网络成瘾是初中学生的0.777倍，职业高中学生网络成瘾风险是初中学生的1.347倍；核心家庭、大家庭、单亲家庭、重组家庭学生网络成瘾风险逐渐上升，OR值分别为1.000、1.213、1.279、1.326；遭受欺凌、抑郁学生网络成瘾风险是非欺凌、抑郁学生的1.755和3.557倍；与吸烟、饮酒学生相比，不吸烟、不饮酒学生网络成瘾风险下降，随着打架次数的增加，网络成瘾风险也逐渐上升，户外活动1～2 h学生网络成瘾风险是活动小于1 h的0.620倍；与从来不喝含糖饮料、不吃油炸食物的学生相比，每天≥1次学生网络成瘾风险上升，OR值为2.182、2.398。见表4。
3　讨论
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近几年来，随着互联网和公众生活的深度融合，使用互联网的青少年数量也在明显提升，青少年上网时长显著增加。数据显示，6～19岁网民规模达1.58亿，占网民整体的15.7%[6]，青少年沉迷网络问题日益突出，而网络成瘾成为了国际重点关注的心理健康问题。
本次调查结果显示2019—2021年内蒙古11～22岁学生网络成瘾检出率在1.92%～2.50%之间，有关研究报道上海市中学生网络成瘾总体检出率为4.3%[7]，嘉兴市中小学生网络成瘾检出率为6.53%[8]。
本次调查结果显示职业高中学生网络成瘾率高于普通高中学生和初中生，与孙力菁[9]等研究结果一致。一方面，可能由于职业高中学生学校管束相对宽松、自由，他们有足够时间接触网络而且高中生对网络的使用更加的熟练。另一方面，可能与父母教养方式有关，父母过于严厉的管教与过多否定导致孩子失去自信心，转而到网络中发泄；高中学生面临更多的课业和心理压力，虚拟的网络世界给了他们放松、发泄和逃避的空间，促使他们越来越多地沉迷于网络世界[10]。本研究中也发现，重组家庭、单亲家庭的网络成瘾率高于大家庭、核心家庭，可能与家庭氛围不和，使学生在现实生活中感受挫折和失败，而网络虚拟性和互动性正好满足了他们的这一种心理需求。
遭受校园欺凌、抑郁学生更易发生网络成瘾，杨文漪[11]研究指出青少年遭受校园欺凌与抑郁状态和网络成瘾呈正向相关，李忻[12]对贵州省中学生的调查发现网络成瘾与抑郁症状密切相关。大部分遭受校园欺凌的学生性格比较内向，不愿与同学沟通，在现实遭受到不平等对待后更愿意在虚拟的网络中发泄；抑郁是一种不良情绪，通过互联网可以逃避甚至消除这种不良情绪，最终导致过度依赖互联网，因此应着重关注遭受校园欺凌、抑郁的学生。
每天户外活动1～2 h的学生，网络成瘾检出率最低，户外活动可以缓解学习带来的疲劳倦怠感，消除紧张焦虑情绪，使身体和心理处于相对轻松的状态，从而获得积极向上自信的情绪。
Young[13]的研究认为，体育活动可以有效增强网瘾者的肌肉力量，而肌肉力量与身体自尊、情绪稳定性、外向性格和自信心呈现正相关，使个体的自我概念增强，从而有利于调适网络成瘾者的内控机制及个性品质。
吸烟、饮酒方面，有研究发现吸烟、饮酒及药物滥用是青少年网络依赖的危险因素或预测因子[13-15]。吸烟和饮酒都被认为是一种成瘾行为，吸烟、饮酒的学生可能具有更高的成瘾倾向，这意味着他们可能更容易对网络产生依赖，形成网络成瘾；另一方面，吸烟、饮酒的学生可能存在一些心理和行为问题，如焦虑、抑郁、缺乏自我控制等，这些问题也可能增加他们对网络成瘾的易感性。
本次调查发现喝含糖饮料、吃油炸食品的学生更易发生网络成瘾，严杰[16]研究报道指出中学生抑郁症状与不良饮食行为存在正相关线性剂量反应关系，即减少一种不良饮食行为的发生，学生也能从中获益。不良饮食习惯可能通过影响抑郁进而影响网络成瘾的发生。
综上所示，内蒙古11～22岁学生网络成瘾检出情况不容乐观，影响因素较多。下一步要从更多维度研究网络成瘾问题。地方各级机构要联合起来，共同为学生建立良好的社会环境，培养学生良好的行为习惯、健康的心理，减少网络成瘾的发生。
基金
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  • 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0022)
文献
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2024年第51卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311124
  • 接收时间：2023-11-11
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-11
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内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0022)
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    内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031

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