Article(id=1240950907056214939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310191, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773795351994, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1712678400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773795351994, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773795351994, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795351994, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240950898113966774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773795349862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795519367, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1267, endPage=1271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240950907349816238, articleId=1240950907056214939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Sinicization, reliability and validity of nursing-related quality of life scale in nursing institutions for the aged, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To Chinesize the Nursing Home Care-related Quality of Life Scale (NHC-QoL) and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods

According to the Brislin model, the NHC-QoL scale was translated into Chinese and cross-cultural debugging was carried out. Using convenience sampling method, 198 elderly people from 4 nursing institutions in Shiyan city were investigated by questionnaire from March to July 2023 to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.

Results

There were 14 items in the Chinese version of NHC-QoL. The content validity index of each item was 0.7-1.0, and the content validity index of the scale was 0.929. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors, which could explain 67.914% of the total variation.After discussion within the research group, the common factors were reduced to 2 common factors namely environment and service (11 items) and social interaction (3 items). The total Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.758 and the test-retest reliability was 0.783.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of NHC-QoL scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly in nursing institutions.

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目的

汉化养老机构护理相关生活质量量表(NHC-QoL),并进行信效度检验。

方法

按照Brislin模型将NHC-QoL量表翻译成中文,并进行跨文化调试。采用便利抽样法,于2023年3—7月选取十堰市4所养老机构的198例老年人进行问卷调查,以评价量表的信效度。

结果

中文版NHC-QoL量表共14个条目。各条目内容效度指数为0.7~1.0,总量表内容效度指数为0.929。探索性因子分析提取出5个公因子,可解释总变异的67.914%,经课题组讨论后调整为2个公因子,即环境与服务(11个条目)、社会互动(3个条目)。量表总体的Cronbach α系数为0.758,重测信度为0.783。

结论

中文版NHC-QoL量表具有良好的信效度,可用于评估养老机构老年人生活质量。

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李莉,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tfYJke9ExKD77+le/7gtWQ==, magXml=u5b/UFH6be+ZcDV4FtUBOA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=t18SZpqy0wu5cbDURBXgHQ==, pdfFileSize=618373, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wT9sCQzCHhoh4VrC990U1A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

何伟(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:长期护理、老年护理、医养结合

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2.湖北医药学院附属人民医院循证护理研究所,湖北 十堰 442000
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Sinicization of the dementia quality of Life scale for older family carers of patients and the test of its reliability and validity[J]. 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Chinese Journal of Nursing,2022, 57(3): 380-384., articleTitle=Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Technophobia Scale in Older Adults, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240972172190077827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, awardId=22Y123, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(22Y123), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240972163952464347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972163960852955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, companyId=1240972163952464347, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972163973435868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, companyId=1240972163952464347, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北医药学院护理学院,湖北 十堰 442000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972164090876391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164099265001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, companyId=1240972164090876391, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖北医药学院附属人民医院循证护理研究所,湖北 十堰 442000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972164208316912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164216705522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, companyId=1240972164208316912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖北医药学院卫生管理与卫生事业发展研究中心,湖北 十堰 442000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972164308980219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164334146046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, companyId=1240972164308980219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972164447392262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164455780872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, companyId=1240972164447392262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.十堰市老年保健医学研究会,湖北 十堰 442000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972164556444175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164569027089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, companyId=1240972164556444175, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.湖北医药学院附属人民医院临床研究所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240972171615458138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of the respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类人数构成比(%)
性别7236.4
12663.6
年龄(岁)60~694321.7
70~795929.8
80~898040.4
≥90168.1
入住时间(月)1~65628.3
7~113819.2
12~369548.0
>3694.5
婚姻状况已婚7035.4
离异73.5
丧偶12161.1
文化程度小学及以下9045.5
初中4824.2
中专或高中4221.2
大专及以上189.1
入住养老机构前长期居住地城镇11859.6
农村8040.4
慢性病种类(类)0126.1
13019.2
24120.7
36231.3
43216.2
5178.6
642.0
), ArticleFig(id=1240972171732898660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象一般资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类人数构成比(%)
性别7236.4
12663.6
年龄(岁)60~694321.7
70~795929.8
80~898040.4
≥90168.1
入住时间(月)1~65628.3
7~113819.2
12~369548.0
>3694.5
婚姻状况已婚7035.4
离异73.5
丧偶12161.1
文化程度小学及以下9045.5
初中4824.2
中专或高中4221.2
大专及以上189.1
入住养老机构前长期居住地城镇11859.6
农村8040.4
慢性病种类(类)0126.1
13019.2
24120.7
36231.3
43216.2
5178.6
642.0
), ArticleFig(id=1240972171867116397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The exploratory factor analysis results of the Chinese version of NHC-QoL (factor loading)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子1因子2因子3因子4因子5
2.工作人员会像亲人一样照顾您吗0.892
4.工作人员会真诚地考虑您喜欢什么吗0.849
1.工作人员对您尊重吗0.821
3.工作人员会认真听您说话吗0.804
6.无论您何时需要帮助,都会及时得到帮助吗0.654
15.您的健康状况是否足以参加休闲活动项目0.812
16.在这儿有您认为是好朋友的同龄人吗0.774
14.您喜欢这儿提供的活动吗0.682
9.您认为这儿的设施干净吗0.808
12.这儿的气味会让您感到不舒服吗(例如:粪便、呕吐物等)0.768
7.您能不受任何限制地分享您的观点吗0.764
13.您是否曾因工作人员对待您或其他居住者的方式感到害怕(例如:限制)0.676
11.您能从护士或医生那里得到您想要的医疗保健服务吗0.817
8.您能得到充足的食物吗0.543
特征值3.8821.9941.4051.1911.036
累积方差贡献率(%)24.29937.88948.95259.55167.914
), ArticleFig(id=1240972171951002486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950907056214939, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中文版NHC-QoL探索性因子分析结果(因子载荷)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子1因子2因子3因子4因子5
2.工作人员会像亲人一样照顾您吗0.892
4.工作人员会真诚地考虑您喜欢什么吗0.849
1.工作人员对您尊重吗0.821
3.工作人员会认真听您说话吗0.804
6.无论您何时需要帮助,都会及时得到帮助吗0.654
15.您的健康状况是否足以参加休闲活动项目0.812
16.在这儿有您认为是好朋友的同龄人吗0.774
14.您喜欢这儿提供的活动吗0.682
9.您认为这儿的设施干净吗0.808
12.这儿的气味会让您感到不舒服吗(例如:粪便、呕吐物等)0.768
7.您能不受任何限制地分享您的观点吗0.764
13.您是否曾因工作人员对待您或其他居住者的方式感到害怕(例如:限制)0.676
11.您能从护士或医生那里得到您想要的医疗保健服务吗0.817
8.您能得到充足的食物吗0.543
特征值3.8821.9941.4051.1911.036
累积方差贡献率(%)24.29937.88948.95259.55167.914
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养老机构护理相关生活质量量表的汉化及信效度检验
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何伟 1, 2 , 邬闻文 3, 4, 2, 5 , 吴思雨 1, 2 , 李阳 1, 2 , 晏誉文 1, 2, 6 , 李莉 3, 2, 5
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(7): 1267-1271
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(7): 1267-1271
养老机构护理相关生活质量量表的汉化及信效度检验
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何伟1, 2, 邬闻文3, 4, 2, 5, 吴思雨1, 2, 李阳1, 2, 晏誉文1, 2, 6, 李莉3, 2, 5
作者信息
  • 1.湖北医药学院护理学院,湖北 十堰 442000
  • 2.湖北医药学院附属人民医院循证护理研究所,湖北 十堰 442000
  • 3.湖北医药学院卫生管理与卫生事业发展研究中心,湖北 十堰 442000
  • 4.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院
  • 5.十堰市老年保健医学研究会,湖北 十堰 442000
  • 6.湖北医药学院附属人民医院临床研究所
  • 何伟(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:长期护理、老年护理、医养结合

通讯作者:

李莉,E-mail:
Sinicization, reliability and validity of nursing-related quality of life scale in nursing institutions for the aged
Wei HE1, 2, Wen-wen WU3, 4, 2, 5, Si-yu WU1, 2, Yang LI1, 2, Yu-wen YAN1, 2, 6, Li LI3, 2, 5
Affiliations
  • College of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
出版时间: 2024-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310191
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目的

汉化养老机构护理相关生活质量量表(NHC-QoL),并进行信效度检验。

方法

按照Brislin模型将NHC-QoL量表翻译成中文,并进行跨文化调试。采用便利抽样法,于2023年3—7月选取十堰市4所养老机构的198例老年人进行问卷调查,以评价量表的信效度。

结果

中文版NHC-QoL量表共14个条目。各条目内容效度指数为0.7~1.0,总量表内容效度指数为0.929。探索性因子分析提取出5个公因子,可解释总变异的67.914%,经课题组讨论后调整为2个公因子,即环境与服务(11个条目)、社会互动(3个条目)。量表总体的Cronbach α系数为0.758,重测信度为0.783。

结论

中文版NHC-QoL量表具有良好的信效度,可用于评估养老机构老年人生活质量。

养老机构  /  护理  /  生活质量  /  量表  /  汉化
Objective

To Chinesize the Nursing Home Care-related Quality of Life Scale (NHC-QoL) and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods

According to the Brislin model, the NHC-QoL scale was translated into Chinese and cross-cultural debugging was carried out. Using convenience sampling method, 198 elderly people from 4 nursing institutions in Shiyan city were investigated by questionnaire from March to July 2023 to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.

Results

There were 14 items in the Chinese version of NHC-QoL. The content validity index of each item was 0.7-1.0, and the content validity index of the scale was 0.929. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors, which could explain 67.914% of the total variation.After discussion within the research group, the common factors were reduced to 2 common factors namely environment and service (11 items) and social interaction (3 items). The total Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.758 and the test-retest reliability was 0.783.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of NHC-QoL scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly in nursing institutions.

Nursing institutions for the aged  /  Nursing  /  Quality of life  /  Scale  /  Sinicization
何伟, 邬闻文, 吴思雨, 李阳, 晏誉文, 李莉. 养老机构护理相关生活质量量表的汉化及信效度检验. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1267 -1271 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310191
Wei HE, Wen-wen WU, Si-yu WU, Yang LI, Yu-wen YAN, Li LI. Sinicization, reliability and validity of nursing-related quality of life scale in nursing institutions for the aged[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1267 -1271 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310191
随着社会经济的发展,老龄化问题愈发显著。预计到2050年,中国60岁及以上老年人将超过4亿,老龄化率将达到30%,并成为世界上老龄人口最多的国家[1-2]。同时,随着年龄的增长老年人的健康状况不容乐观,失能、失智老年人逐年增多,养老问题已成为重要的社会问题[3]。“4+2+1”家庭模式导致养老负担加重,越来越多的人选择机构养老[4],养老机构老年人的生活质量备受关注。机构养老已成为养老服务体系的重要支柱,为家庭和社区养老提供了强有力的支持[5]。十四五规划中指出[6],要积极应对人口老龄化。因此,评估养老机构老年人的生活质量对于更好地制定干预方案意义重大。目前,我国尚未引进针对养老机构护理相关生活质量的测量工具,对其测评多使用健康调查简表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)等[7],该量表侧重于老年人自身身心健康,缺乏对养老机构护理相关生活质量特征的维度[8],故亟需引进或开发具有针对性的测评工具。养老机构护理相关生活质量量表(nursing home care-related quality of life scale,NHC-QoL)于2019年由Cho等[9]编制,这一评估工具可用于养老机构护理质量的评估,并有助于制定提升相关生活质量的策略,该量表中有关环境与服务的内容对我国具有借鉴价值[10]。因此,本研究引入NHC-QoL量表,经文化调试及信效度检验,旨在提供一个可靠有效的评估工具,以测量养老机构护理相关生活质量。
于2023年3—7月采用便利抽样法选取十堰市4所养老机构居住的老年人作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)年满60岁及以上;(2)在养老机构居住1个月及以上;(3)已获知情同意并愿意参加研究。排除标准:(1)沟通受限者;(2)极度认知受损者。根据信效度检验的要求,样本量为量表条目数的5~10倍[11]。本研究最终所用的中文版NHC-QoL量表共15个条目,鉴于考虑到10%的无效作答,计算所需样本量为83~165例,最终确定为200例。获得有效样本为198例,其中包括30名于两周后进行重测的老年人。本研究已通过湖北医药学院附属人民医院科研学术伦理委员会审查(伦理编号:SYSRMYY-007)。
由研究者根据文献资料自行设计,内容包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态、入住时间、入住养老机构前长期居住地以及慢性病种类。
于2019年由韩国延世大学护理学院Cho等[9]基于既往的文献综述以及访谈的结果编制而成,可有效的评估养老机构老年人的生活质量,也可用作养老机构护理质量的指标。该量表由两个维度构成,分别是环境与服务(包含13个条目)和社会互动(包含4个条目),总共涵盖17个条目。所有条目中除条目12与条目13需要反向计分外,其余均采用正向计分方式。各条目采用二元度量法,所有条目包含“是”和“否”两个选项,选项“是”计为1分,“否”计为0分,总分为0~17分,得分愈高,可反映出更高的生活质量水平。原量表的Cronbach α系数为0.72,各维度的Cronbach α系数分别为0.60、0.72[9]
通过邮件获原作者许可和支持,并获得英文版量表后,严格按照Brislin翻译模式[12],完成正逆双译。(1)正译:翻译组由一名护理学专业硕士和一名英语专业硕士(母语为中文,英语六级)组成,两人分别独立将源量表翻译成中文版N1和N2,在涉及有争议的翻译问题时,进行第三方讨论以达成共识,综合三人翻译结果形成N3。(2)回译:回译组由一名高校英语专业的老师(英语专业八级)及一名曾于国外留学的护理学博士(母语均为中文)组成,两人在未见过源量表的基础上,分别对中文版N3进行回译,形成英文版NT1和NT2,对比修改2个回译版本,初步形成中文版N4。
本研究共邀请十名专家,通过两轮函询并结合我国文化背景和语言习惯对量表进行调整和优化。专家的纳入标准:(1)具备相关专业知识且熟悉老年护理国内进展;(2)中级及以上职称;(3)本科及以上学历。十名专家的工作年限为5~37(23.00±12.42)年,包括一名护理教学专家、五名老年护理管理专家和四名多年从事老年护理工作的临床护理专家。其中,博士一名,硕士三名,本科六名;主任护师三名,副主任护师四名,主管护师三名。邀请专家根据个人经验和理解对各维度及各条目的相关性等方面分别给予评价,并根据修改意见进行改进,形成NHC-QoL量表预调查版。
于2023年3月,通过便利抽样法选择在十堰市的4家养老机构中,符合纳入及排除要求的30位老年人开展预调查。调查前,向研究对象阐明研究目的,获得知情同意,填写问卷过程中记录填写时长。调查结束后,进行访谈以回顾问卷填写情况,对于不理解、有争议的地方,根据调查对象的反馈意见进行修改调整,并形成中文版NHC-QoL量表终版。
告知养老机构法人研究方法以及研究目的,征得其同意。由经过专业培训的两名调查人员面对面进行问卷调查,确保数据的准确性和可信度。调查前,解释研究目的和意义以取得老年人同意,确保参与者的合法权益得到充分保护。调查中,针对各种原因无法阅读的老年人,由调查人员逐一口述问题,老年人回答后代为作答。调查结束及时回收问卷,并进行严格筛选,以确保问卷的完整性和准确性。本研究总计发放200份问卷,有效回收198份,有效应答率为99%。
问卷星平台调查数据以Excel格式导入SPSS 23.0进行处理和分析。定量资料用(均数±标准差)描述,定性资料用频数和构成比描述;采用相关系数法、决断值法进行项目分析;采用S-CVI、I-CVI评价量表的内容效度;采用探索性因子分析检验结构效度;采用内部一致性、重测信度检验信度。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入198例养老机构居住的老年人,调查对象一般资料见表1
本研究为使量表更加符合我国的语言文化习惯,且更易于老年人理解,根据专家咨询及预调查结果,对部分量表的条目内容进行调整,具体修改意见如下。(1)将条目2“工作人员会照顾你吗”内容具体化,并修改为“工作人员会像亲人一样照顾您吗”。(2)专家认为条目13“您是否曾对工作人员对您或其他居住者的方式感到害怕(例如:限制)”语句不通顺,修改为“您是否曾因工作人员对待您或其他居住者的方式感到害怕(例如:限制)”。(3)专家指出,因宗教及生活方式的差异,考虑删除条目16“除了宗教活动,周末有您喜欢做的活动吗”。预调查时,调查参与者一致表示该量表易于理解,并能在10 min内完成。
(1)决断值法[13]:采用临界比值法检验NHC-QoL量表与各条目的区分度,将198份NHC-QoL量表总分按高低顺序进行排列,总分前27%为高分组,即为前组;后27%为低分组,即为后组。对前后两组进行独立样本t检验,结果显示,条目5“当工作人员在您身边时,您会感到安全吗”的决断值为1.389,条目10“您的个人物品是否被放置妥当以便您使用”的决断值为2.258,其余条目的决断值为3.153~10.298(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义。(2)相关系数法:条目10“您的个人物品是否被放置妥当以便您使用”的得分与量表总分的相关系数为0.070,条目5“当工作人员在您身边时,您会感到安全吗”的得分与量表总分的相关系数为0.192,其余各条目的相关系数为0.246~0.701,均>0.200,且均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。条目5及条目10的临界比值、与量表总分的相关系数低于条目筛选标准,故予以删除,其余条目区分度较好,均予以保留。
根据内容效度的计算公式[14],经十名专家评定,中文版NHC-QoL量表的I-CVI为0.700~1.000,S-CVI为0.929。
分析结果显示,中文版NHC-QoL量表的KMO值为0.784,经Bartlett球形检验,χ2=858.631(P<0.01),说明适合进行因子分析。在未限定因子数量的基础上,采用主成分分析法、最大方差正交旋转法提取公因子,以特征根>1为筛选标准,对于符合条件的公因子予以保留。共抽取5个公因子,累积贡献率为67.914%>50.000%。因子1包括条目2、条目4、条目1、条目3、条目6,各条目的内容属于养老机构人员照护中的服务因素;因子3包括条目9和条目12,各条目内容均与环境因素相关;因子4包括条目7和条目13;因子5包括条目11和条目8;因子4和因子5中各条目内容均与因子1中的服务因素相关。经课题组讨论以及结合原量表,将因子3、因子4、因子5与因子1合并成环境与服务因素,因子2单独作为社会互动因素,与原量表维度一致。表2列出了各题项与相应公因子之间的因子载荷,各因子载荷均较高,为0.543~0.892,均高于最低因子载荷量0.400,且无双重载荷,均予以保留[15]。探索性因子分析结果见表2
(1)内部一致性信度:中文版NHC-QoL量表总的Cronbach α系数为0.758,各维度的Cronbach α系数环境与服务为0.781,社会互动为0.679;(2)重测信度:中文版NHC-QoL量表的重测信度为0.783,环境与服务维度的重测信度为0.958,社会互动维度的重测信度为1.000。
内容效度涵盖了研究工具中各条目与被测内容的关联程度[16]。而参与评估过程的专家对调查内容的了解及其资质是衡量有效内容效度的前提条件[17]。本研究十名专家,均具有丰富的临床实践经验及较为深厚的学术造诣,专家权威系数为0.81,S-CVI为0.912,I-CVI为0.7~1.0,说明中文版NHC-QoL具有可靠的内容效度[18]。结构效度是指测量结果中特定结构与测量值的一致程度。在探索性因子分析中,共提取5个公因子,旋转后各条目在其对应公因子上的载荷值均大于0.4,且无双负荷,累计方差贡献率为67.914%。表明中文版NHC-QoL结构效度较好。
本研究提取的公因子与原量表的维度存在一定差异,可能源于中韩文化背景及生活方式的异质性。公因子3(条目9、条目12)包含了设施是否干净、空气是否难闻,均与养老机构的环境因素相关;公因子4(条目7、条目13)分别包含了是否不受任何限制分享观点、是否曾因工作人员感到害怕,均与工作人员的服务有关;公因子5(条目11、条目8)包含了养老机构的医疗保健服务及饮食服务,也将其归属于服务因素里。因此,将公因子3、4、5与公因子1进行合并。
信度即为可靠性,反映的是当采用同一方法并对同一个目标实施反复检测时,所取得成果的一致性水平[14]。本研究结果显示,中文版NHC-QoL的Cronbach α系数为0.758,2个维度分别为0.781、0.679,均大于0.600,问卷结果较为可靠[19]。重测信度为0.783,说明量表在内容和时间层面具有较好的一致性及稳定性。
量表条目数量适中,且问题的表述通俗易懂,使得参与者更容易回答,从而提供准确的信息。各条目均设置二元选择,适用于老年人进行选择,10 min内可以完成,有良好的可行性,并有助于确保数据的质量和可靠性,使得分析和研究结果更具有效性。该量表侧重于可通过养老机构护理来改善的因素,而非不受养老机构照护影响的因素,因此更加具有针对性和适用性。将该量表应用于养老机构,一方面,可以直接测评老年人的生活质量,了解他们的需求和满意度,为养老机构提供宝贵的反馈,有助于更好地满足老年居民的需求。另一方面,可以间接测量养老机构的护理质量,为养老机构提供有针对性的改进建议,从而有利于养老机构提高护理质量和老年人的生活质量。
本研究在引进国外量表的基础上,严格按照引入流程,进行了NHC-QoL量表的汉化和信效度检验,并形成了中文版NHC-QoL量表。该量表包括两个维度,即“环境与服务”和“社会互动”,共计14个条目,信效度较好,可作为评估我国养老机构护理质量的工具,并有助于制定提升护理相关生活质量的策略。本研究仅选取了十堰市4所养老机构的老年人作为对象,其代表性和可推广性可能略有不足。在今后的研究中,将选取多中心、大范围的样本量进行调查,更深入地探讨养老机构护理相关生活质量的影响因素,进一步验证中文版NHC-QoL量表的适用性。
  • 2022年省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(22Y123)
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2024年第51卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310191
  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
基金
2022年省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(22Y123)
作者信息
    1.湖北医药学院护理学院,湖北 十堰 442000
    2.湖北医药学院附属人民医院循证护理研究所,湖北 十堰 442000
    3.湖北医药学院卫生管理与卫生事业发展研究中心,湖北 十堰 442000
    4.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院
    5.十堰市老年保健医学研究会,湖北 十堰 442000
    6.湖北医药学院附属人民医院临床研究所

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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