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Article(id=1240950900261450448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311062, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699113600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773795350375, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1712678400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773795350375, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773795350375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795350375, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240950898113966774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773795349862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795519367, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1272, endPage=1276, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240950902534763230, articleId=1240950900261450448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A follow-up study on the effect of mobile social media fear of missing out on mobile addiction, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mutual predictive relationship between mobile social media Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Mobile Phone Addiction (MPA) among vocational college students, to provide scientific reference for the prevention and education of college students’ mobile phone addiction behavior.

Methods

With the use of cluster random sampling, 1 000 college students from a vocational college in Shenzhen were investigated by mobile social media FoMO scale and MPA scale in September 2021 (T1) and December 2021 (T2). The data were analyzed by cross-lag regression analysis.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation including the synchronous correlation and the consecutive correlation between mobile social media FoMO and MPA (P<0.05). Mobile social media FoMO T1 positively predicted MPA T2 (β=0.25, P<0.001), whereas MPA T1 did not predict mobile social media FoMO T2 (β=-0.01, P=0.76). Three dimensions of mobile social media FoMO could predict MPA synchronously (P<0.05) and behavioral performance T1 could predict MPA T2 consecutively (P<0.05). Two dimensions of MPA,loss of control and avoidance, could predict mobile social media FoMO synchronously (P<0.05), and avoidance T1 could predict mobile social media FoMO T2 consecutively (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Vocational college students with higher FoMO are more likely to have MPA. There is a one-way predictive relationship between mobile social media FoMO and MPA.

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目的

探讨高职大学生移动社交媒体错失恐惧与手机成瘾的相互预测关系，为大学生手机成瘾行为的预防和教育提供科学参考。

方法

采用整群随机抽样方法抽取深圳市某所高职院校1 000名大学生，分别采用移动社交媒体错失恐惧量表和手机成瘾量表于2021年9月（T1）和2021年12月（T2）进行问卷调查，并对数据进行交叉滞后回归分析。

结果

移动社交媒体错失恐惧与手机成瘾的同时性相关和继时性相关均显著（P<0.05）。移动社交媒体错失恐惧T1能够正向预测手机成瘾T2（β=0.25，P<0.001），而手机成瘾T1不能预测移动社交媒体错失恐惧T2（β=-0.01，P= 0.76）。移动社交媒体错失恐惧的三个维度均能够同时性预测手机成瘾（P<0.05），其中行为表现T1能够继时性预测手机成瘾T2（P<0.05）；手机成瘾的二个维度，失控性和逃避性能够同时性预测移动社交媒体错失恐惧（P<0.05），其中逃避性T1能够继时性预测移动社交媒体错失恐惧T2（P<0.05）。

结论

错失恐惧高的高职大学生更容易发生手机成瘾行为，手机成瘾并非是导致高职大学生错失恐惧的原因，而是由错失恐惧造成的行为结果。

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程建伟，E-mail:
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程建伟（1973—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向；发展与教育心理学、心理健康教育等

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程建伟（1973—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向；发展与教育心理学、心理健康教育等

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注：***表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=Bf++EpgmqtDfgn7ti9SpBA==, figureFileBig=dH780NrCjbYUdCIUbSy1Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972167018500725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics of demographic variables of the mobile social media fear of missing out and mobile phone addition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数百分比（%）错失恐惧得分（分，）手机成瘾得分（分，）
T1T2T1T2
性别男15526.5052.12±10.6150.52±12.1938.96±13.6038.34±14.43
女42973.5054.65±7.6853.65±9.2340.17±11.6639.90±13.30
年级大一21035.9552.85±8.1752.68±10.1039.78±11.7939.50±12.81
大二28047.9554.55±8.5053.15±9.6139.57±11.9739.33±14.28
大三9416.1054.79±9.7252.12±11.9540.84±13.8239.90±13.44
独生子女独生9115.5853.17±10.1451.19±12.3742.04±14.3239.87±15.42
非独生49384.4254.13±8.3153.12±9.7139.45±11.7539.41±13.27
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167140135554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

错失恐惧和手机成瘾在人口学变量上的描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数百分比（%）错失恐惧得分（分，）手机成瘾得分（分，）
T1T2T1T2
性别男15526.5052.12±10.6150.52±12.1938.96±13.6038.34±14.43
女42973.5054.65±7.6853.65±9.2340.17±11.6639.90±13.30
年级大一21035.9552.85±8.1752.68±10.1039.78±11.7939.50±12.81
大二28047.9554.55±8.5053.15±9.6139.57±11.9739.33±14.28
大三9416.1054.79±9.7252.12±11.9540.84±13.8239.90±13.44
独生子女独生9115.5853.17±10.1451.19±12.3742.04±14.3239.87±15.42
非独生49384.4254.13±8.3153.12±9.7139.45±11.7539.41±13.27
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167240798861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The detection rate of mobile social media fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction among vocational college students

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变量程度分数（分）人数百分比（%）总检出率（%）
错失恐惧T1高分组>5916728.6028.60
中分组48～5923540.20
低分组<4818231.20
错失恐惧T2高分组>5915626.7026.70
中分组48～5921837.30
低分组<4821036.00
手机成瘾T1轻度成瘾34～5128649.0062.50
中度成瘾51～686811.60
重度成瘾68～95111.90
正常<3421937.50
手机成瘾T2轻度成瘾34～5126445.2061.00
中度成瘾51～688013.70
重度成瘾68～95122.10
正常<3422839.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167349850771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

高职大学生错失恐惧和手机成瘾的检出率

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变量程度分数（分）人数百分比（%）总检出率（%）
错失恐惧T1高分组>5916728.6028.60
中分组48～5923540.20
低分组<4818231.20
错失恐惧T2高分组>5915626.7026.70
中分组48～5921837.30
低分组<4821036.00
手机成瘾T1轻度成瘾34～5128649.0062.50
中度成瘾51～686811.60
重度成瘾68～95111.90
正常<3421937.50
手机成瘾T2轻度成瘾34～5126445.2061.00
中度成瘾51～688013.70
重度成瘾68～95122.10
正常<3422839.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167446319775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The repeated measures analysis of variance of mobile social media fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction

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因变量效应FP值均值比较
错失恐惧时间7.030.008T1（54.00）>T2（52.82）
性别15.160.003T1女（54.65）>T1男（52.12）
T2女（53.65）>T2男（50.52）
年级1.150.318
时间*性别0.370.541
时间*年级2.000.137
手机成瘾时间0.480.490
性别1.830.177
年级0.250.778
时间*性别0.070.740
时间*年级0.100.910
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167626674858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

错失恐惧与手机成瘾的重复测量方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量效应FP值均值比较
错失恐惧时间7.030.008T1（54.00）>T2（52.82）
性别15.160.003T1女（54.65）>T1男（52.12）
T2女（53.65）>T2男（50.52）
年级1.150.318
时间*性别0.370.541
时间*年级2.000.137
手机成瘾时间0.480.490
性别1.830.177
年级0.250.778
时间*性别0.070.740
时间*年级0.100.910
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167727338164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mobile social media fear of missing out, mobile phone addiction and the mean, standard deviation, and correlation matrix of the pre- and post-tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量量表得分（分，）123
错失恐惧T153.97±8.62
错失恐惧T252.82±10.180.389***
手机成瘾T139.85±12.210.294***0.109**
手机成瘾T239.48±13.610.275***0.376***0.430***
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167836390077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

错失恐惧与手机成瘾前后测的平均值、标准差及相关矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量量表得分（分，）123
错失恐惧T153.97±8.62
错失恐惧T252.82±10.180.389***
手机成瘾T139.85±12.210.294***0.109**
手机成瘾T239.48±13.610.275***0.376***0.430***
), ArticleFig(id=1240972167966413512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Regression analyses on the relationships of fear of missing out with mobile phone addiction and its dimensions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量R值R2值△R2值βt值F值
手机成瘾T1心理动机T10.450.200.200.173.76***45.56***
行为表现T10.163.02**
情感依赖T10.214.15***
手机成瘾T2手机成瘾T10.570.320.320.3610.27***55.00***
心理动机T20.225.10***
行为表现T20.132.16*
情感依赖T20.163.00**
错失恐惧T1失控性T10.380.140.140.172.86**23.72***
逃避性T10.367.07***
错失恐惧T2错失恐惧T10.500.250.250.297.46***38.44***
失控性T20.142.29*
逃避性T20.265.08***
手机成瘾T2手机成瘾T10.470.220.220.389.25***31.91***
行为表现T10.132.33*
错失恐惧T2错失恐惧T10.400.160.160.378.89***22.10***
逃避性T10.122.22*
), ArticleFig(id=1240972168146768591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950900261450448, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

错失恐惧与手机成瘾及其各维度间的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量R值R2值△R2值βt值F值
手机成瘾T1心理动机T10.450.200.200.173.76***45.56***
行为表现T10.163.02**
情感依赖T10.214.15***
手机成瘾T2手机成瘾T10.570.320.320.3610.27***55.00***
心理动机T20.225.10***
行为表现T20.132.16*
情感依赖T20.163.00**
错失恐惧T1失控性T10.380.140.140.172.86**23.72***
逃避性T10.367.07***
错失恐惧T2错失恐惧T10.500.250.250.297.46***38.44***
失控性T20.142.29*
逃避性T20.265.08***
手机成瘾T2手机成瘾T10.470.220.220.389.25***31.91***
行为表现T10.132.33*
错失恐惧T2错失恐惧T10.400.160.160.378.89***22.10***
逃避性T10.122.22*
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移动社交媒体错失恐惧影响手机成瘾的追踪研究
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程建伟 1 , 吴晨阳 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(7): 1272-1276
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(7): 1272-1276
移动社交媒体错失恐惧影响手机成瘾的追踪研究
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程建伟1 , 吴晨阳2
作者信息
  • 1.深圳信息职业技术学院应用外语学院，广东 深圳 518172
  • 2.信阳师范大学教育科学学院，河南 信阳 464000

    • 程建伟（1973—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向；发展与教育心理学、心理健康教育等

通讯作者:

程建伟，E-mail:
A follow-up study on the effect of mobile social media fear of missing out on mobile addiction
Jian-wei CHENG1 , Chen-yang WU2
Affiliations
  • College of Applied Foreign Languages, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
出版时间: 2024-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311062
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摘要
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目的

探讨高职大学生移动社交媒体错失恐惧与手机成瘾的相互预测关系，为大学生手机成瘾行为的预防和教育提供科学参考。

方法

采用整群随机抽样方法抽取深圳市某所高职院校1 000名大学生，分别采用移动社交媒体错失恐惧量表和手机成瘾量表于2021年9月（T1）和2021年12月（T2）进行问卷调查，并对数据进行交叉滞后回归分析。

结果

移动社交媒体错失恐惧与手机成瘾的同时性相关和继时性相关均显著（P<0.05）。移动社交媒体错失恐惧T1能够正向预测手机成瘾T2（β=0.25，P<0.001），而手机成瘾T1不能预测移动社交媒体错失恐惧T2（β=-0.01，P= 0.76）。移动社交媒体错失恐惧的三个维度均能够同时性预测手机成瘾（P<0.05），其中行为表现T1能够继时性预测手机成瘾T2（P<0.05）；手机成瘾的二个维度，失控性和逃避性能够同时性预测移动社交媒体错失恐惧（P<0.05），其中逃避性T1能够继时性预测移动社交媒体错失恐惧T2（P<0.05）。

结论

错失恐惧高的高职大学生更容易发生手机成瘾行为，手机成瘾并非是导致高职大学生错失恐惧的原因，而是由错失恐惧造成的行为结果。

移动社交媒体错失恐惧  /  手机成瘾  /  追踪研究  /  高职大学生
Objective

To explore the mutual predictive relationship between mobile social media Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Mobile Phone Addiction (MPA) among vocational college students, to provide scientific reference for the prevention and education of college students’ mobile phone addiction behavior.

Methods

With the use of cluster random sampling, 1 000 college students from a vocational college in Shenzhen were investigated by mobile social media FoMO scale and MPA scale in September 2021 (T1) and December 2021 (T2). The data were analyzed by cross-lag regression analysis.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation including the synchronous correlation and the consecutive correlation between mobile social media FoMO and MPA (P<0.05). Mobile social media FoMO T1 positively predicted MPA T2 (β=0.25, P<0.001), whereas MPA T1 did not predict mobile social media FoMO T2 (β=-0.01, P=0.76). Three dimensions of mobile social media FoMO could predict MPA synchronously (P<0.05) and behavioral performance T1 could predict MPA T2 consecutively (P<0.05). Two dimensions of MPA,loss of control and avoidance, could predict mobile social media FoMO synchronously (P<0.05), and avoidance T1 could predict mobile social media FoMO T2 consecutively (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Vocational college students with higher FoMO are more likely to have MPA. There is a one-way predictive relationship between mobile social media FoMO and MPA.

Mobile social media fear of missing out  /  Mobile phone addiction  /  Follow-up study  /  Vocational college students
程建伟, 吴晨阳. 移动社交媒体错失恐惧影响手机成瘾的追踪研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1272 -1276 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311062
Jian-wei CHENG, Chen-yang WU. A follow-up study on the effect of mobile social media fear of missing out on mobile addiction[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1272 -1276 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311062
正文
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最新统计报告显示：截至2023年6月，我国手机网民规模已达10.76亿，其中使用手机上网的比例为99.80%[1]。而智能手机使用所潜在的成瘾风险成为全球关注的公共卫生问题[2]。有调查发现全球手机成瘾的整体流行率为28.30%[3]。大学生是手机成瘾的高发易感群体，近年来呈持续上升趋势[4]。手机成瘾是指个体由于过度使用智能手机并无法控制自身使用行为而导致社会功能受损的行为成瘾[5]。手机成瘾不仅会损害大学生的身心健康[6]，也会影响其社会适应[7-8]。而伴随手机成瘾同时出现的错失恐惧现象也引起关注。移动社交媒体错失恐惧（简称错失恐惧），是指随着社交媒体使用时间和频率的增加，人们常会出现害怕自己错过他人发布在社交媒体的信息而产生的焦虑情绪[9]。使用与满足理论认为社交媒体的使用能够满足个体与他人保持联系的心理需求[10]。个体会为消除担心错过信息的恐惧而不断地翻看手机。有研究认为个体的错失恐惧水平越高，越会加重其手机成瘾[11]。但也研究发现手机成瘾也可能会加剧个体的错失恐惧[12-14]。可见针对两者关系，目前研究结论不一[15]。本研究认为错失恐惧与手机成瘾之间有可能存在相互预测的因果关系。但现有研究较多是横向及少数相关纵向研究[13]，尚未有纵向研究直接探讨大学生错失恐惧与手机成瘾的因果关系，并且未从多维角度进一步探讨。基于此，本研究以高职大学生群体为研究对象，采用纵向追踪进一步从多维角度探讨两者的因果关系，为错失恐惧的影响因素研究以及手机成瘾的预防和干预提供实证支撑。
1　数据与方法
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1.1　数据来源
本文以广东省深圳市某职业院校大一至大三的在校大学生为研究对象，采用随机整群抽样的方法在2021年9月随机整群抽取1 000名大学生进行第一阶段的问卷调查，收回问卷860份，第一阶段（T1）的回收率为86.00%。4个月后对T1的有效被试进行第二次施测，共发放860份，收回问卷700份，第二阶段（T2）的回收率为81.40%。前后测均由经过统一指导语培训的辅导员进入班级微信群，通过问卷星发放问卷。整合前后测的施测数据，删除不认真答题者、只参与一次测量者、前后测中均有缺失值者。最终有584名被试的前测（T1）和后测（T2）数据均有效，回收有效率为83.43%。
1.2　研究工具
1.2.1　移动社交媒体环境下用户错失恐惧测量量表（scale of mobile social media FoMO）
该量表由宋小康等人编制[16]，包括4个分量表，分别是心理动机、认知动机、行为表现和情感依赖。量表共16个题目，采用Likert 5分尺度，分数越高，表明错失恐惧越强烈。本研究中信度与效度均较高，总量表的Cronbachα系数为：前测0.91，后测0.91；KMO检验统计量为：前测0.92，后测0.93。
1.2.2　手机成瘾指数量表（mobile phone addiction index, MPAI）
该量表由香港中文大学学者梁永炽研制[17]，一般用于诊断青少年或大学生的手机成瘾。共17个条目，包括失控性、戒断性、逃避性和低效性四个因子，采用Likert 5分尺度，分数越高说明手机成瘾程度越深。得分在34～51之间为轻度手机成瘾,51～68之间为中度手机成瘾,68～95之间为重度手机成瘾。在本研究中具有较好的信效度，总量表的Cronbachα系数为：前测0.94，后测0.95；KMO检验统计量为：前测0.94，后测0.96。
1.3　统计学分析方法
采用SPSS 27进行描述性统计、重复测量方差分析、相关性分析和交叉滞后分析以检验错失恐惧和手机成瘾之间的关系；采用Amos 26软件进行多群组分析，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　共同方法偏差检验
采用Harman单因素检验法对样本数据的共同方法偏差效应进行检验。对于所有数据，从错失恐惧和手机成瘾两个量表的题目中提取公因子，得到特征根大于1的因子共有5个，且第一公因子的方差解释百分比为34.24%，低于40%的临界值。表明不存在共同方法偏差问题。
2.2　描述性统计分析
2.2.1　人口学变量的描述性统计分析
在本研究中，共有584名被试，年龄在18～22岁之间，平均为（20±1）岁。错失恐惧和手机成瘾在人口学变量上的统计分析具体结果见表1。
2.2.2　错失恐惧与手机成瘾的检出率
采用描述性统计分析方法参照量表检出标准分析错失恐惧和手机成瘾的检出率。其中，错失恐惧的得分越高表示错失恐惧越严重，将错失恐惧T1和T2的得分前27%和后27%分别作为高分组和低分组。分析结果表明，在错失恐惧T1到T2的追踪期间，高分组和中分组人数占比有所下降，低分组人数占比有所上升。在手机成瘾T1到T2的追踪期间，高职大学生手机成瘾检出率整体从62.50%下降到61.00%；其中手机轻度成瘾有所下降，但中度成瘾及重度成瘾程度有所加深。见表2。
2.3　错失恐惧与手机成瘾的重复测量方差分析
采用重复测量方差分析探讨错失恐惧和手机成瘾的稳定性及特点，将错失恐惧和手机成瘾分别作为因变量，测量时间（前测、后测）作为被试内因素，性别、年级（大一、大二、大三）作为被试间因素，进行重复测量方差分析。结果显示，在错失恐惧的分析中，被试内因素测量时间的主效应显著（P<0.05），进一步比较后发现后测整体的错失恐惧水平与前测相比有所下降，说明高职大学生的错失恐惧水平在一定时间内具有发展性。性别的主效应显著（P<0.05），说明高职大学生的错失恐惧水平存在性别差异，女生错失恐惧水平高于男生。除此之外，时间与性别的交互作用、年级的主效应、时间与年级的交互作用均不显著（P>0.05）。在手机成瘾的分析中，测量时间的主效应、性别的主效应、时间与性别的交互作用、年级的主效应、测量时间与年级的交互作用均不显著（P>0.05）。说明高职大学生的手机成瘾具有一定的稳定性，并且不存在年级和性别差异。见表3。
2.4　错失恐惧与手机成瘾的相关分析和交叉滞后分析
对错失恐惧和手机成瘾及其各维度进行相关分析。在错失恐惧的四个维度中，除认知动机维度之外，其余三个维度前后测均与手机成瘾前后测相关均显著（r=0.23～0.35，P<0.001）；在手机成瘾的四个维度中，除戒断性T1和低效性T1与错失恐惧T2之间相关不显著之外，其余两个维度前后测均与错失恐惧前后测相关显著（r=0.09～0.41，P<0.001）。此外，相关分析结果表明错失恐惧与手机成瘾的同时性相关和继时性相关均显著。说明高职大学生错失恐惧与手机成瘾满足4个月的继时性相关和同时性相关，适合进一步交叉滞后回归分析，同时性相关和继时性相关的具体结果见表4。
采用交叉滞后回归分析方法探讨错失恐惧和手机成瘾的时序变化关系。首先检验错失恐惧对手机成瘾的预测效应。将前测错失恐惧和前测手机成瘾作为自变量，后测手机成瘾作为因变量进行回归分析。结果显示，前测错失恐惧对后测手机成瘾的正向预测作用显著（β=0.25，P<0.001）。接着将前测错失恐惧和前测手机成瘾作为自变量，后测错失恐惧作为因变量进行回归分析。结果显示，前测手机成瘾不能预测后测错失恐惧（β=-0.01，P=0.76）。见图1。
为检验交叉滞后模型是否存在性别差异，按性别进行多群组分析。结果表明两个模型经χ2检验比较发现，限制路径对模型未产生显著影响（⊿χ2=0.40,P>0.05）。说明高职大学生错失恐惧与手机成瘾的交叉滞后模型不存在显著性别差异。随后进一步采用回归分析考察错失恐惧各维度对手机成瘾的影响作用及效应大小，并同时探索手机成瘾各维度对错失恐惧的影响以深入探究错失恐惧与手机成瘾间的因果关系。根据相关分析结果，错失恐惧的认知动机维度与手机成瘾不相关；手机成瘾的戒断性和低效性维度与错失恐惧不相关，因此认知动机、戒断性和低效性不纳入回归分析。一是采用逐步回归法分析错失恐惧的三个维度对手机成瘾的影响。结果表明心理动机、行为表现、情感依赖能够显著同时性预测手机成瘾。行为表现T1能够继时性预测手机成瘾T2。二是分析手机成瘾的两个维度对错失恐惧的影响。失控性和逃避性能够显著同时性预测错失恐惧。逃避性T1能够继时性预测错失恐惧T2。见表5。
3　讨论
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3.1　错失恐惧和手机成瘾的稳定性及发展
重复测量分析结果显示，高职大学生手机成瘾的时间主效应不显著，表明高职大学生手机成瘾整体具有一定的稳定性，这与以往研究一致[18]。手机成瘾作为一种持续性的成瘾习惯，在一定时间内不易改变。而高职大学生的错失恐惧水平具有一定的发展性，在追踪期间错失恐惧水平有所下降，这与以往研究不一致[19]。可能的原因在于错失恐惧是伴随着手机使用出现的现象。根据使用与满足理论，当个体经历错失恐惧时，会通过增加手机等社交媒体的使用以获得暂时性满足[10]。错失恐惧作为一种即时性情绪，当个体采取行动以缓解错失的焦虑时，其水平就会有所下降。此外，结果显示错失恐惧水平性别差异显著，女生的错失恐惧水平高于男生，这与以往的一些研究结果一致[20]。可能的原因在于女生比男生更看重人际交往中的情感沟通，更在意自己在社会交往中的表现，其社交焦虑要高于男生。因此与男生相比，女生会更担心错过他人在社交媒体上发布的信息，有更高的错失恐惧水平[21]。
3.2　错失恐惧与手机成瘾的关系
研究结果发现前测错失恐惧能够正向预测后测手机成瘾，这与前人研究结果一致[22]。说明大学生的错失恐惧水平越高，其手机成瘾的程度就越高。根据自我决定理论[23]，当个体周围的环境资源无法满足基本心理需要时，个体的焦虑和恐惧情绪提升，促使个体采取相应行为以满足其心理需要。当大学生的关系需要未被满足时，会产生强烈的孤独感[24]。特别是疫情期间，由于自身与周围社交环境的联系较弱，缺少来自他人和社交环境的信息，因此担心自己错过他人某些有价值的信息的恐惧和焦虑就会增加，导致其不由自主地频繁查看手机[25]。并且在现实生活中社交受挫的个体，关系需要无法得到满足，其错失恐惧水平会更高，更倾向于通过手机来逃避现实生活中的受挫感，在网络中寻求社会支持。因此个体的错失恐惧越高，其使用手机的失控性和逃避性就会加剧，从而导致手机成瘾。进一步回归分析结果发现在间隔4个月后，心理动机、行为表现和情感依赖成为手机成瘾的重要预测因子，行为表现能够继时性预测手机成瘾。说明当个体渴望通过手机媒介获取关注和归属感或者改善情绪并采取行动时（心理动机、行为表现和情感依赖），其手机成瘾的程度就会加深。此外，本研究发现手机成瘾并不能预测错失恐惧。在间隔4个月后，仅有逃避性（在现实中受到冷落时，在网络中寻求支持）能够显著预测错失恐惧水平。也就是说当个体以寻求关系、满足社交需求的目的使用手机导致成瘾时，才更容易产生错失恐惧[13]。
针对错失恐惧与手机成瘾关系问题存在的争议，本研究通过纵向追踪及进一步多维度回归分析发现手机成瘾并非是导致大学生错失恐惧的原因而是由错失恐惧造成的行为结果。证实了以往研究[19，22]，以社交为目的社交媒体成瘾行为能够直接显著预测大学生的错失恐惧[13]，而手机成瘾作为一个包含失控性、戒断性、逃避性和低效性的复合成瘾行为，并不能直接预测大学生的错失恐惧。
基金
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  • 2020年度广东省教育科学“十三五”规划课题(2020GX JK528)
文献
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2024年第51卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311062
  • 接收时间：2023-11-05
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-05
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2020年度广东省教育科学“十三五”规划课题(2020GX JK528)
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    1.深圳信息职业技术学院应用外语学院，广东 深圳 518172
    2.信阳师范大学教育科学学院，河南 信阳 464000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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