Article(id=1240950899737162432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312294, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702742400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773795350250, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1712678400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773795350250, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773795350250, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795350250, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240950898113966774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773795349862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795519367, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1181, endPage=1186, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240950900022375112, articleId=1240950899737162432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mendelian randomized study reveals the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis by two-way Mendelian randomization.

Methods

The instrumental variables for tea drinking were determined from 447 485 participants in the UK Biobank genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with tea drinking were used for two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis data were obtained from GWAS data of 35 712 cholelithiasis patients and 273 442 controls publicly available from the Finnegan Alliance. In this study, inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main method to estimate causality, and sensitivity analysis was carried out to ensure the robustness of the results. Finally, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was used to verify whether there was a reverse correlation.

Results

There was a causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis. In the IVW method, each additional standard deviation (2.85 cups/day) of tea consumption reduced the risk of cholelithiasis by 26.1% (OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.536-0.990). Similar results were obtained in weighted mode (OR=0.652, 95%CI: 0.458-0.928), but there was no evidence to prove reverse correlation (IVW: P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The genetic evidence provided by two-way Mendelian randomized analysis shows that the increase of tea drinking reduces the risk of cholelithiasis, but there is no evidence of reverse association.

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目的

采用双向孟德尔随机化方法评估饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系。

方法

饮茶的遗传工具是从UK Biobank全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)中447 485名参与者确定的,其中共采用与饮茶相关的32个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)进行两样本孟德尔随机化分析以评估饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系。胆石症的数据来自Finngen联盟公开提供的35 712名胆石症患者和273 442名对照人群的GWAS数据。本研究以inverse-variance weighted(IVW)为主要方法估计因果关系,并进行敏感性分析以确保结果的稳健性。最后,采用反向孟德尔随机化分析验证是否存在反向关联。

结果

饮茶与胆石症存在因果关系。在IVW方法中,饮茶每增加一个标准差(2.85杯/d),胆石症的发生风险减低26.1%(OR=0.739, 95%CI:0.536~0.990)。在weighted mode中也得到了相似的结果(OR=0.652, 95%CI:0.458~0.928),但没有证据证明存在反向关联(IVW:P>0.05)。

结论

双向孟德尔随机化分析提供的遗传证据表明,饮茶的增加会降低胆石症发生的风险,但没有证据证明存在反向关联。

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梁会营,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=XyYwBaopP2Nbu5w3Cr+Spw==, magXml=bQTGsnjblPBAfcXYjrEwrw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=8c1sXrlYGBVvsBLdR5H9Fw==, pdfFileSize=1702108, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=d6dBZ6HYi5cNrjxWgH12qQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=29e/X21mvtf2+zprqL/J1g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈紫英(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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陈紫英(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 4971., articleTitle=Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea attenuates hypercholesterolemia via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240972180528353373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=null, pageStart=452, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Vastrad JVB, Goudar G, journalName=Phenolic Compounds- Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vastrad JVB, Goudar G. Phenolic compounds in tea:phytochemical, biological, and therapeutic applications[J]. Phenolic Compounds- Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications, 2022, 20:452., articleTitle=Phenolic compounds in tea:phytochemical, biological, and therapeutic applications, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240972164703244830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164711633441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, companyId=1240972164703244830, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164720022052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, companyId=1240972164703244830, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广东 广州 510515)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972164816491050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972164824879659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, companyId=1240972164816491050, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972166347412019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972166368383541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, companyId=1240972166347412019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)大数据中心,广东 广州 510080)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240972171464463182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Mendelian randomization study design, figureFileSmall=5Qkv0ZxNjq2xXs/PtV+dZw==, figureFileBig=I56s/2uT5QHnSdb0YEdelg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972171594486615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MR研究设计图, figureFileSmall=5Qkv0ZxNjq2xXs/PtV+dZw==, figureFileBig=I56s/2uT5QHnSdb0YEdelg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972171787424613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Forest plot for Mendelian randomization analysis, figureFileSmall=AHPD/s5q3lt6yIE0qzY8CQ==, figureFileBig=910sw8t8/DN77xgTnsONHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972171909059440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MR研究的森林图

注:*表示P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=AHPD/s5q3lt6yIE0qzY8CQ==, figureFileBig=910sw8t8/DN77xgTnsONHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972172039082878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Scatter plot for Mendelian randomization analysis, figureFileSmall=xZx+X0UHTRCT8Yzoez+gkg==, figureFileBig=goGgSDQJa1rV2g2oOJNEcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972172215243655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MR分析散点图, figureFileSmall=xZx+X0UHTRCT8Yzoez+gkg==, figureFileBig=goGgSDQJa1rV2g2oOJNEcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972172332684173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Funnel plot for Mendelian randomization analysis, figureFileSmall=Pk7OVRaeAFBwG/adI1Rhkg==, figureFileBig=EbRj4kNM6GZ7T5MgKeJ3JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972172454318995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MR分析漏斗图, figureFileSmall=Pk7OVRaeAFBwG/adI1Rhkg==, figureFileBig=EbRj4kNM6GZ7T5MgKeJ3JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240972172638868380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information of instrumental variables used in MR analysis of tea intake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPPositionEAFEAOABETA PNR2F
rs115874441:1507228440.39GA0.014 00.002 21.00×10-10447 4859.34×10-542
rs561888621:1741892690.39CT-0.015 80.002 24.30×10-13447 4851.17×10-452
rs11565882:585153750.21GA-0.015 50.002 62.90×10-9447 4857.87×10-535
rs574621703:502398030.11AG0.019 20.003 41.90×10-8447 4857.07×10-532
rs14810124:890390820.11GA-0.026 20.003 45.30×10-15447 4851.37×10-461
rs346195:604653650.43AG0.011 70.002 14.30×10-8447 4856.71×10-530
rs727972845:1520316500.27GA-0.017 10.002 47.00×10-13447 4851.15×10-452
rs77571026:1372226710.56GA-0.011 80.002 13.10×10-8447 4856.84×10-531
rs24788756:512831100.21GA0.021 90.002 65.10×10-17447 4851.57×10-470
rs1498052076:1370952690.01GA-0.071 90.012 61.10×10-8447 4857.30×10-533
rs44107907:172845770.63CT0.040 60.002 23.40×10-76447 4857.62×10-4341
rs176857:756161050.28AG0.023 10.002 41.60×10-22447 4852.13×10-495
rs1410717267:175585800.03AG0.040 70.006 82.20×10-9447 4857.99×10-536
rs96484767:392930330.62AG0.012 50.002 21.10×10-8447 4857.31×10-533
rs132827838:220889750.29TC-0.013 60.002 47.90×10-9447 4857.44×10-533
rs1076499010:1291526080.61AG-0.012 20.002 21.90×10-8447 4857.06×10-532
rs1075226910:126929020.51AG-0.012 90.002 11.30×10-9447 4858.24×10-537
rs235118710:868506160.32AG0.012 90.002 31.60×10-8447 4857.14×10-532
rs1724521311:16797690.21AG-0.014 60.002 62.00×10-8447 4857.04×10-532
rs1074169411:162861830.63CT0.015 00.002 27.90×10-12447 4851.05×10-447
rs97747412:112847720.83TC0.021 80.002 92.40×10-14447 4851.30×10-458
rs1757665813:1002720190.25AG-0.013 50.002 54.10×10-8447 4856.73×10-530
rs682913:1115312640.60TC-0.011 90.002 23.70×10-8447 4856.77×10-530
rs264592913:564445290.81GA-0.015 00.002 73.50×10-8447 4856.80×10-530
rs1259178615:609025120.16TC-0.018 40.002 93.70×10-10447 4858.78×10-539
rs247229715:750278800.26TC0.053 30.002 42.30×10-109447 4851.10×10-3494
rs993735416:537998470.42AG-0.014 10.002 14.90×10-11447 4859.66×10-543
rs227984417:408198090.38AG-0.012 00.002 24.00×10-8447 4856.74×10-530
rs480819319:194106220.34CT0.015 10.002 21.70×10-11447 4851.01×10-445
rs5763135219:43381730.30GA-0.013 10.002 31.70×10-8447 4857.12×10-532
rs481750521:343438280.39CT0.015 10.002 24.20×10-12447 4851.07×10-448
rs962447022:248202680.58AG0.025 20.002 21.30×10-31447 4853.06×10-4137
), ArticleFig(id=1240972172764697506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

与饮茶相关的工具变量信息

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SNPPositionEAFEAOABETA PNR2F
rs115874441:1507228440.39GA0.014 00.002 21.00×10-10447 4859.34×10-542
rs561888621:1741892690.39CT-0.015 80.002 24.30×10-13447 4851.17×10-452
rs11565882:585153750.21GA-0.015 50.002 62.90×10-9447 4857.87×10-535
rs574621703:502398030.11AG0.019 20.003 41.90×10-8447 4857.07×10-532
rs14810124:890390820.11GA-0.026 20.003 45.30×10-15447 4851.37×10-461
rs346195:604653650.43AG0.011 70.002 14.30×10-8447 4856.71×10-530
rs727972845:1520316500.27GA-0.017 10.002 47.00×10-13447 4851.15×10-452
rs77571026:1372226710.56GA-0.011 80.002 13.10×10-8447 4856.84×10-531
rs24788756:512831100.21GA0.021 90.002 65.10×10-17447 4851.57×10-470
rs1498052076:1370952690.01GA-0.071 90.012 61.10×10-8447 4857.30×10-533
rs44107907:172845770.63CT0.040 60.002 23.40×10-76447 4857.62×10-4341
rs176857:756161050.28AG0.023 10.002 41.60×10-22447 4852.13×10-495
rs1410717267:175585800.03AG0.040 70.006 82.20×10-9447 4857.99×10-536
rs96484767:392930330.62AG0.012 50.002 21.10×10-8447 4857.31×10-533
rs132827838:220889750.29TC-0.013 60.002 47.90×10-9447 4857.44×10-533
rs1076499010:1291526080.61AG-0.012 20.002 21.90×10-8447 4857.06×10-532
rs1075226910:126929020.51AG-0.012 90.002 11.30×10-9447 4858.24×10-537
rs235118710:868506160.32AG0.012 90.002 31.60×10-8447 4857.14×10-532
rs1724521311:16797690.21AG-0.014 60.002 62.00×10-8447 4857.04×10-532
rs1074169411:162861830.63CT0.015 00.002 27.90×10-12447 4851.05×10-447
rs97747412:112847720.83TC0.021 80.002 92.40×10-14447 4851.30×10-458
rs1757665813:1002720190.25AG-0.013 50.002 54.10×10-8447 4856.73×10-530
rs682913:1115312640.60TC-0.011 90.002 23.70×10-8447 4856.77×10-530
rs264592913:564445290.81GA-0.015 00.002 73.50×10-8447 4856.80×10-530
rs1259178615:609025120.16TC-0.018 40.002 93.70×10-10447 4858.78×10-539
rs247229715:750278800.26TC0.053 30.002 42.30×10-109447 4851.10×10-3494
rs993735416:537998470.42AG-0.014 10.002 14.90×10-11447 4859.66×10-543
rs227984417:408198090.38AG-0.012 00.002 24.00×10-8447 4856.74×10-530
rs480819319:194106220.34CT0.015 10.002 21.70×10-11447 4851.01×10-445
rs5763135219:43381730.30GA-0.013 10.002 31.70×10-8447 4857.12×10-532
rs481750521:343438280.39CT0.015 10.002 24.20×10-12447 4851.07×10-448
rs962447022:248202680.58AG0.025 20.002 21.30×10-31447 4853.06×10-4137
), ArticleFig(id=1240972172907303850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of Mendelian randomization analysis

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暴露/结局IVWweighted medianMR-Eggerweighted mode
OR值(95%CIPOR值(95%CIPOR值(95%CIPOR值(95%CIP
饮茶/胆石症0.739(0.536~0.990)0.0430.809(0.596~1.099)0.1540.617(0.321~1.189)0.1600.652(0.458~0.928)0.025
胆石症/饮茶1.009(0.997~1.022)0.1361.009(0.997~1.022)0.1031.013(0.991~1.035)0.2341.000(1.000~1.025)0.035
), ArticleFig(id=1240972173012161458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899737162432, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

MR分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露/结局IVWweighted medianMR-Eggerweighted mode
OR值(95%CIPOR值(95%CIPOR值(95%CIPOR值(95%CIP
饮茶/胆石症0.739(0.536~0.990)0.0430.809(0.596~1.099)0.1540.617(0.321~1.189)0.1600.652(0.458~0.928)0.025
胆石症/饮茶1.009(0.997~1.022)0.1361.009(0.997~1.022)0.1031.013(0.991~1.035)0.2341.000(1.000~1.025)0.035
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孟德尔随机化研究揭示饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系
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陈紫英 1, 3 , 牛翊霖 1, 3 , 倪明星 2, 3 , 梁会营 1, 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(7): 1181-1186
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(7): 1181-1186
孟德尔随机化研究揭示饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系
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陈紫英1, 3, 牛翊霖1, 3, 倪明星2, 3, 梁会营1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广东 广州 510515
  • 2.中国医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)大数据中心,广东 广州 510080
  • 陈紫英(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

梁会营,E-mail:
Mendelian randomized study reveals the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis
Zi-ying CHEN1, 3, Yi-lin NIU1, 3, Ming-xing NI2, 3, Hui-ying LIANG1, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
出版时间: 2024-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312294
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目的

采用双向孟德尔随机化方法评估饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系。

方法

饮茶的遗传工具是从UK Biobank全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)中447 485名参与者确定的,其中共采用与饮茶相关的32个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)进行两样本孟德尔随机化分析以评估饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系。胆石症的数据来自Finngen联盟公开提供的35 712名胆石症患者和273 442名对照人群的GWAS数据。本研究以inverse-variance weighted(IVW)为主要方法估计因果关系,并进行敏感性分析以确保结果的稳健性。最后,采用反向孟德尔随机化分析验证是否存在反向关联。

结果

饮茶与胆石症存在因果关系。在IVW方法中,饮茶每增加一个标准差(2.85杯/d),胆石症的发生风险减低26.1%(OR=0.739, 95%CI:0.536~0.990)。在weighted mode中也得到了相似的结果(OR=0.652, 95%CI:0.458~0.928),但没有证据证明存在反向关联(IVW:P>0.05)。

结论

双向孟德尔随机化分析提供的遗传证据表明,饮茶的增加会降低胆石症发生的风险,但没有证据证明存在反向关联。

饮茶  /  胆石症  /  孟德尔随机化  /  全基因组关联研究  /  因果关系
Objective

To evaluate the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis by two-way Mendelian randomization.

Methods

The instrumental variables for tea drinking were determined from 447 485 participants in the UK Biobank genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with tea drinking were used for two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis data were obtained from GWAS data of 35 712 cholelithiasis patients and 273 442 controls publicly available from the Finnegan Alliance. In this study, inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main method to estimate causality, and sensitivity analysis was carried out to ensure the robustness of the results. Finally, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was used to verify whether there was a reverse correlation.

Results

There was a causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis. In the IVW method, each additional standard deviation (2.85 cups/day) of tea consumption reduced the risk of cholelithiasis by 26.1% (OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.536-0.990). Similar results were obtained in weighted mode (OR=0.652, 95%CI: 0.458-0.928), but there was no evidence to prove reverse correlation (IVW: P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The genetic evidence provided by two-way Mendelian randomized analysis shows that the increase of tea drinking reduces the risk of cholelithiasis, but there is no evidence of reverse association.

Tea drinking  /  Cholelithiasis  /  Mendelian randomization  /  Genetics  /  Genome-wide association study  /  Causality
陈紫英, 牛翊霖, 倪明星, 梁会营. 孟德尔随机化研究揭示饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1181 -1186 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312294
Zi-ying CHEN, Yi-lin NIU, Ming-xing NI, Hui-ying LIANG. Mendelian randomized study reveals the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1181 -1186 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312294
胆石症是最常见的消化系统疾病和全球公共卫生问题之一,它的发病率逐年上升,影响了世界上10%~20%的成年人[1],是导致肝胆疾病高社会经济成本和消化系统疾病住院治疗的主要原因[2]。并且,胆石症也是许多疾病和手术的主要原因,例如胆石症是绝大多数(85%)胆囊癌患者的主要危险因素[3]。在胆石症患病率高的国家,因胆囊癌导致的死亡也最高[4]。此外,在一项为期18年的全国性随访研究中发现,胆石症与心血管疾病和癌症死亡的增加有关,这表明了胆石症可以影响癌症与其他疾病的发生发展[5]。有研究表明,胆石症受遗传、环境、饮食和生活方式等因素的影响[6-7],可以通过一级预防(例如,饮食和生活方式的改变,高危亚群的药物预防)来降低胆石症的患病率和医疗保健费用[8]
茶中含有多种生物活性成分,是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一[9]。它含有许多特性,例如抗癌、抗肥胖、抗糖尿病、抗菌等。茶叶中的各种活性物质也被认为是新的药物候选成分[10-11],如类黄酮、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(EGCG)和多酚,它们被证明可以降低患阿尔茨海默病、糖尿病和癌症的风险。另外,有研究表明,饮茶与胆道疾病有一定的相关性[12-13],并在动物模型中测试了相关的生物活性物质[14-15]。然而,研究中没有足够的证据来阐明饮茶与胆石症风险之间的因果关系。随机对照试验是解决这一问题的最佳方法,但它需要大量的人力、物力和时间才能产生结果。近年来,孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)则被越来越多地用于有效估计可改变的环境暴露与医学相关特征或疾病之间的因果关系。鉴于此前尚未进行相关的MR研究,本研究旨在通过MR方法,深入评估饮茶与胆石症之间的因果联系。
MR分析是一种使用遗传变异作为工具变量的分析。它包含三个主要假设:(1)遗传工具变量应该与暴露密切相关。(2)遗传工具变量不应与任何混杂因素相关联。(3)遗传工具变量仅通过危险因素影响结果,而不是通过其他途径,见图1[16]。本研究使用了两个大型的GWAS汇总数据进行两样本双向MR分析,数据的所有知情同意和伦理批准均来自原始研究。
本研究使用了来自UK Biobank(表型代码:1488_raw)的GWAS汇总数据,其中包含447 485个欧洲祖先样本。数据是通过问卷调查获得的,相关的问题是:“你每天喝多少杯茶(包括红茶和绿茶)?”该GWAS调整了性别、基因分型阵列和前十个主要成分的影响。其中饮茶量为(3.51±2.85)杯/d,具体信息可在https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/(GWAS ID:ukb-b-6066)上找到。胆石症的GWAS数据来源于FinnGen联盟,这是一项于2017年秋季在芬兰启动的将基因组信息与数字医疗数据结合起来的独特研究。本研究从FinnGen联盟中提取了胆石症的GWAS数据,包括35 712名胆石症患者和273 442名对照人群。ICD-10以K80定义病例,ICD-8和ICD-9以574定义病例。有关参与者、基因型和统计分析的详细信息可在https://www.finngen.fi/en上获得。
本研究在UK Biobank的GWAS汇总数据中(GWAS ID:ukb-b-6066)选择了41个与饮茶具有全基因组显著性(P<5×10-8)并且满足连锁不平衡条件(在10 000 kb窗口内r2<0.001)的SNPs。然后从胆石症的GWAS数据集中提取这41个SNPs用于后续分析。其中,1个SNP未在胆石症的GWAS数据集中找到,因此共剩下40个SNPs。随后将这40个SNPs按染色体和位置与结果数据集进行协调,其中8个SNPs(rs11164870、rs132904、rs1453548、 rs2273447、 rs2783129、 rs56348300、rs713598、rs9302428)具有中间等位基因频率的回文性而被去除。最后,本研究共选择了32个SNPs。此外,F统计量检验了这32个工具变量的强度,F均>10说明不存在弱工具变量偏倚,见表1[17-18]。在目前的研究中,存在几种机制来解释这些SNPs与饮茶之间的关系。例如,苦味感知和茶的气味有助于茶的摄入量,而这些SNPs可能与味觉和气味位点有关[19-20]。此外,茶中含有咖啡因,而这些SNPs与咖啡因的代谢和咖啡因的作用靶点有关,可以通过调节生物活性成分的浓度间接影响茶的摄入量[21]
在协调了饮茶和胆石症的GWAS效应等位基因后,本研究使用了几种MR分析方法来确定饮茶和胆石症之间的因果估计,包括inverse-variance weighted(IVW)、weighted median、MR- Egger和weighted mode。他们对工具变量的有效性有不同的假设。IVW要求所有工具变量符合MR假设。它结合了所有SNP的个体MR估计值来计算潜在因果效应的总体加权估计值,这被认为是最可靠的[22]。Weighted median分析方法中只要超过50%的工具变量有效,就能提供一致的因果估计[23]。MR-Egger认为,只要工具变量不依赖于多效性效应就是公正的[24]。Weighted mode则引入了一个类似于IVW和weighted median的额外元素,通过其结果效应的反方差来加权每个SNPs对分组的贡献[25]
本研究采用了多种方法检验异质性。首先,使用IVW和MR-Egger回归检验异质性,并使用Cochran Q检验量化异质性。MR-PRESSO应用于检测多效性残差与离群值[26]。其次,为了避免假设2和3的发生,本研究使用MR-Egger的截距值来评估水平多效性。如果MR- Egger的截距项接近于0(<0.1)且P>0.05,则认为MR分析是可靠的,表明水平多效性在不存在[27]。此外,本研究使用总结效应估计的因果分析(CAUSE)方法来考虑不相关和相关多效性[28]。漏斗图也能直观显示是否存在水平多效性。最后,使用mRnd(https://shiny.cnsgenomics.com/mRnd/)来计算统计效能。
重复上述程序以探索饮茶与胆石症的反向关联,即将胆石症作为暴露、饮茶作为结局进行分析。本研究中所有的数据分析均使用R软件4.2.1进行,检验水准α为0.05。
利用32个与饮茶相关的SNPs进行MR分析,发现饮茶对胆石症的因果影响在IVW(OR=0.739, 95%CI:0.536~0.990)和weighted mode(OR=0.652,95%CI:0.458~0.928)方法中具有统计学意义。然而,在MR-Egger(OR=0.617,95%CI:0.321~1.189)和weighted median(OR=0.809,95%CI:0.596~1.099)方法中没有统计学意义,见图2表2。另外,IVW异质性检验和Cochran Q检验结果显示该分析存在异质性。
在饮茶对胆石症的因果关系研究中,MR-Egger截点值的P值均大于0.05(P=0.260),表明结果不存在水平多效性。并且,CAUSE结果(效应量为-8.68,因果模型的P值为0.002)表明,在校正多效性相关和不相关水平后,增加茶的摄入量可以降低胆石症的风险。另外,本研究使用MR-PRESSO发现了两个可能存在异常的工具变量。在修剪这两个工具变量(rs12591786和rs9937354)后,估计值没有发生明显的变化(IVW:OR=0.752,95%CI:0.580~0.976;weighted mode:OR=0.649,95%CI:0.457~0.924;MR-Egger:OR=0.570,95%CI:0.332~0.978)。散点图展示了每个SNP对饮茶和胆石症的效应大小,见图3。最后,漏斗图在点估计值附近的效应大小变化呈对称模式,表明本研究不存在明显的水平多效性,见图4。虽然多效性可能会扭曲MR分析的结果,但在该研究中这种可能性很小,因为该MR分析有89%的统计效能来检测饮茶对胆石症的影响。综上所述,可以得出的结论是,饮茶的增加会降低胆石症发生的风险。
以胆石症为暴露(共筛选出41个SNPs),饮茶为结局进行MR分析。IVW显示差异无统计学意义(P=0.136),见图2表2
本研究采用了两样本双向MR分析来评估饮茶与胆石症之间的因果关系。结果表明,饮茶的增加会降低胆石症发生的风险,但没有证据证明存在反向关联。
多项观察性研究探讨了饮茶与胆石症风险之间的关系,但却存在不一致的结果。一些研究表明,茶的摄入可以降低胆石症的发生,而另一些作者认为茶的摄入与胆石症的发生风险没有关系。例如,在中国的几项纵向和横断面研究中提示,饮茶可能会降低患胆石症的风险[14,29]。但是,一项南印度的观察性研究并没有得出增加茶的摄入量可以改善胆石症这一结果[30]。这些研究未能得出强有力和一致的结论,可能是由于茶的种类不同(如绿茶、红茶和乌龙茶)或人口的异质性(如性别)。又或者是由于观察性研究中的随访偏倚、回忆偏倚等缺陷造成的。而MR分析结果恰好可以弥补观察性研究中的缺陷,提供另一个层面的思路。
此外,一些潜在的机制支持饮茶与胆石症之间的联系。茶多酚也叫儿茶素,大量地存在于各种茶中,被认为是强抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。EGCG是其中含量最丰富的儿茶素之一[31]。研究表明,EGCG可以通过与炎症调节相关的机制影响胆石症的发生[15]。例如,EGCG可以增强胆固醇7-羟化酶(CYP7A1)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)的表达,降低核因子kb(NF-kB)的表达。而这些蛋白质都在炎症中发挥作用。CYP7A1通过调节胆汁酸的转录,维持体内平衡,控制胆汁酸的合成速率,防止胆汁酸过度积累引起炎症[32-33]。NF-kB家族可以刺激多种促炎基因的表达[34]。PPAR在内皮细胞中表达,表现出内皮细胞的抗炎特性[15,35]。而EGCG可以通过增强CYP7A1和PPAR的表达,抑制NF-kB的表达来减少炎症,阻止胆石症的发生。此外,茶中的多酚(花青素、黄酮、黄酮和黄烷醇)可以通过影响拟杆菌和毛螺旋体来改善胆石症[36]。先前的研究表明,高胆固醇血症是胆石症的一个危险因素[37],而茶啡肽可通过调节肠道微生物群和胆汁酸代谢来降低高胆固醇血症,从而降低胆石症的发生风险[38]。此外,茶叶中具有抗氧化活性的儿茶素、茶黄素和植物化学物质也能在一定程度上降低脂质,阻止胆石症的发生[39]。综上,有充足的证据表明,饮茶对胆石症有预防作用。
综上所述,本研究存在着一定的优势和局限性。MR分析在营养流行病学中很受用,因为它们不太容易受到传统观察性研究中常见偏倚的影响。因此,本研究的优势如下:一是,由于等位基因是随机分配的,反向因果关系可以最小化;二是,本研究的样本量较大,且暴露数据与结局数据之间没有样本重叠,因此能够进行高质量的MR分析。然而,该样本仅限于欧洲人群,不能外推到其他人群,这也使得结果不那么吸引人。并且在没有个人数据的情况下,无法对茶的摄入量进行分层来估计最佳摄入水平。因此,存在一定的局限性。
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2024年第51卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312294
  • 接收时间:2023-12-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-17
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    1.南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广东 广州 510515
    2.中国医科大学公共卫生学院
    3.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)大数据中心,广东 广州 510080

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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