Article(id=1240950899355480765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701792000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773795350158, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1712678400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773795350158, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773795350158, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795350158, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240950898113966774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773795349862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773795519367, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240951609136567134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240950898113966774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1193, endPage=1198, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240950899607139007, articleId=1240950899355480765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis on the utilization and influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient services in patients with pneumoconiosis, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the utilization of outpatient and inpatient services in patients with pneumoconiosis and its influencing factors.

Methods

By using the convenient sampling method, 199 pneumoconiosis patients were selected from the West China Fourth Hospital, and their population characteristics, medical treatment-seeking behavior, and influencing factors were investigated by using the questionnaire on pneumoconiosis patients and its influencing factors compiled by CDC of China.Multivariate logistic regression model and multivariate poisons regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient service utilization.

Results

The two-week outpatient rate of pneumoconiosis patients surveyed was 27.6%, the median number of outpatients used in one year was twice, and the annual hospitalization rate was 61.8%. For hospitalized patients, the median number of hospitalizations per year was 1, and the median cumulative hospitalization days was 30 days. The average visual health scale (VAS) score of patients was 48.3±17.4. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate poisons regression analysis showed that pneumoconiosis patients with basic health insurance (OR=0.067, 95%CI: 0.006-0.716),higher frequency of medication (OR=0.100, 95%CI: 0.037-0.269), and lower VAS score (OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.988-0.997) had less use of outpatient services. Pneumoconiosis patients with recent exacerbation of cough (OR=5.530, 95%CI: 2.446-12.501), work injury insurance (OR=1.183, 95%CI:1.015-1.379), and lower income (OR=0.980, 95%CI: 0.965-0.997) had more use of outpatient services. Pneumoconiosis patients who were married (OR=0.063, 95%CI: 0.005-0.771) and had lower VAS scores (OR=8.463, 95%CI: 3.090-23.248) had less use of inpatient services. Pneumoconiosis patients with higher frequency of medication (OR=8.463, 95%CI: 3.090-23.248), complicated with core pulmonale (OR=1.855, 95%CI: 1.307-2.634), pneumoconiosis compensation (OR=3.358, 95%CI: 1.183-9.529), social relief (OR=1.402, 95%CI: 1.047-1.877) and more active communication with patients (OR=2.158, 95%CI: 1.061-4.390) were likely to have more use of inpatient services.

Conclusion

The utilization rates of outpatients and inpatients with pneumoconiosis are higher than the national average. The health status, economic level, and social support level of patients with pneumoconiosis are important factors affecting their medical treatment behavior.

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目的

了解尘肺病患者门诊与住院服务利用情况及其影响因素。

方法

采取便利抽样方法,在四川大学华西第四医院选取共199名尘肺病患者,使用中国疾病预防控制中心编制的《尘肺病患者就医行为及其影响因素问卷》调查其人群特征、就医行为与影响因素。采用多因素logistic回归模型与多因素poisson回归模型分析患者门诊与住院服务利用的影响因素。

结果

调查的尘肺病患者两周门诊率为27.6%,一年利用门诊次数中位数为2次;一年住院率为61.8%,对已住院患者,一年住院次数中位数为1次,住院累积天数中位数为30 d;患者平均直观式健康标尺(VAS)得分为(48.3±17.4)分。多因素logistic回归与多因素poisson回归分析显示,已参加基础医保(OR=0.067,95%CI:0.006~0.716)、用药频率更高(OR=0.100,95%CI:0.037~0.269)、VAS得分更低(OR=0.992,95%CI:0.988~0.997)的尘肺病患者利用门诊服务更少,近期出现咳嗽加重(OR=5.530,95%CI:2.446~12.501)、有工伤保险(OR=1.183,95%CI:1.015~1.379)、收入较低(OR=0.980,95%CI:0.965~0.997)的尘肺病患者利用门诊服务更多;已婚(OR=0.063,95%CI:0.005~0.771)、VAS得分更低(OR=8.463,95%CI:3.090~23.248)的尘肺病患者利用住院服务更少;用药频率更高(OR=8.463,95%CI:3.090~23.248)、合并肺心病(OR=1.855,95%CI:1.307~2.634)、获得尘肺赔偿(OR=3.358,95%CI:1.183~9.529)、获得社会救济(OR=1.402,95%CI:1.047~1.877)、更主动与病友交流病情(OR=2.158,95%CI:1.061~4.390)的尘肺病患者利用住院服务更多。

结论

尘肺病患者门诊与住院利用率均高于全国平均水平。尘肺病患者自身健康状况、经济水平和社会支持水平是影响其就医行为的重要因素。

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杜文,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=sKZx7Ww0m4/pdZ8lKTHzMw==, magXml=3zIGIHweYmchA2PU+7IfKA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=fq4WYjtAvidbhYAiB3FG+w==, pdfFileSize=644319, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=321eJkHH+jNV0YY7Jl3WHQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

喻文鳌(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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喻文鳌(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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喻文鳌(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2020, 33(1): 53-55., articleTitle=Investigation and analysis on cognition of pneumoconiosis patients to disease and its counter-measure, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240972177269387302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, awardId=U22A20359, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U22A20359), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240972177370050603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, awardId=2023NSFSC1729; 2023NSFSCO649, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC1729; 2023NSFSCO649), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240972163344298318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972163352686927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, companyId=1240972163344298318, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China Occupational Pneumoconiosis Cohort Working Group, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972163356881232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, companyId=1240972163344298318, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,华西职业性尘肺病队列工作组,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240972163440767322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240972163457544539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, companyId=1240972163440767322, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240972175855907812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of different individual characteristics of patients with pneumoconiosis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数构成比(%)组别人数构成比(%)
年龄(岁)婚姻状况
<6014673.4未婚147.0
≥605326.6已婚18593.0
性别从业状态
19899.5未工作14170.9
10.5仍在工作5829.1
吸烟情况常住地位置
从未吸烟2010.0成都及周围城市3718.6
仍在吸烟3015.1成都以外的四川省内城市14271.4
曾经吸烟,已戒烟14974.9外省城市2010.1
文化程度常住地类型
文盲或识字少147.1农村16884.4
小学9648.2城镇3115.6
初中及以上8944.7
), ArticleFig(id=1240972175969154025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

尘肺病患者不同个体特征分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数构成比(%)组别人数构成比(%)
年龄(岁)婚姻状况
<6014673.4未婚147.0
≥605326.6已婚18593.0
性别从业状态
19899.5未工作14170.9
10.5仍在工作5829.1
吸烟情况常住地位置
从未吸烟2010.0成都及周围城市3718.6
仍在吸烟3015.1成都以外的四川省内城市14271.4
曾经吸烟,已戒烟14974.9外省城市2010.1
文化程度常住地类型
文盲或识字少147.1农村16884.4
小学9648.2城镇3115.6
初中及以上8944.7
), ArticleFig(id=1240972176107566069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of two-week outpatient service utilization in patients with pneumoconiosis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
已参加基础医保-2.7071.2115.0010.067 (0.006~0.716)0.026
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药-1.4980.5337.9050.223 (0.079~0.635)0.005
经常用药(>1次/d)-2.3050.50620.7850.100 (0.037~0.269)<0.001
两周内出现咳嗽加重1.7100.41616.8835.530 (2.446~12.501)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972176225006586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

尘肺病患者两周门诊服务利用影响因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
已参加基础医保-2.7071.2115.0010.067 (0.006~0.716)0.026
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药-1.4980.5337.9050.223 (0.079~0.635)0.005
经常用药(>1次/d)-2.3050.50620.7850.100 (0.037~0.269)<0.001
两周内出现咳嗽加重1.7100.41616.8835.530 (2.446~12.501)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972176363418626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Poisson regression analysis of influencing factors of the frequency of one-year outpatient service utilization in patients with pneumoconiosis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
年龄>60岁0.3400.07619.8831.405 (1.210~1.630)<0.001
收入(万元)-0.0200.0085.5670.980 (0.965~0.997)0.019
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药0.4450.1578.0271.560 (1.147~2.123)0.005
经常用药(>1次/d)0.9540.13947.2802.596 (1.978~3.407)<0.001
平时疼痛/不适(对照=无问题)
存在问题0.6060.08550.2661.833 (1.550~2.166)<0.001
问题较严重0.9580.14742.6782.606 (1.956~3.476)<0.001
有工伤保险0.1680.0784.6071.183 (1.015~1.379)0.033
VAS自评分-0.0080.00211.6110.992 (0.988~0.997)<0.001
居住地位置(对照:成都及周边城市)
成都以外的四川省内城市-0.5440.07947.8810.580 (0.497~0.677)<0.001
外省城市-0.5550.16111.8540.574 (0.418~0.787)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972176485052420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

尘肺病患者一年门诊服务利用次数影响因素的poisson回归分析

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解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
年龄>60岁0.3400.07619.8831.405 (1.210~1.630)<0.001
收入(万元)-0.0200.0085.5670.980 (0.965~0.997)0.019
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药0.4450.1578.0271.560 (1.147~2.123)0.005
经常用药(>1次/d)0.9540.13947.2802.596 (1.978~3.407)<0.001
平时疼痛/不适(对照=无问题)
存在问题0.6060.08550.2661.833 (1.550~2.166)<0.001
问题较严重0.9580.14742.6782.606 (1.956~3.476)<0.001
有工伤保险0.1680.0784.6071.183 (1.015~1.379)0.033
VAS自评分-0.0080.00211.6110.992 (0.988~0.997)<0.001
居住地位置(对照:成都及周边城市)
成都以外的四川省内城市-0.5440.07947.8810.580 (0.497~0.677)<0.001
外省城市-0.5550.16111.8540.574 (0.418~0.787)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972176615075849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of one-year hospitalization service utilization in patients with pneumoconiosis

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解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
已婚-2.7651.2784.6870.063 (0.005~0.771)0.032
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药1.9170.58510.7556.800 (2.161~21.398)0.001
经常用药(>1次/d)2.1370.51517.1898.476 (3.090~23.248)<0.001
得到尘肺病赔偿1.2110.5325.1913.358 (1.183~9.529)0.024
与病友交流病情0.7690.3624.5492.158 (1.061~4.390)0.035
VAS自评分-0.0390.01111.9550.962 (0.941~0.984)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972176745099281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

尘肺病患者一年住院服务利用影响因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
已婚-2.7651.2784.6870.063 (0.005~0.771)0.032
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药1.9170.58510.7556.800 (2.161~21.398)0.001
经常用药(>1次/d)2.1370.51517.1898.476 (3.090~23.248)<0.001
得到尘肺病赔偿1.2110.5325.1913.358 (1.183~9.529)0.024
与病友交流病情0.7690.3624.5492.158 (1.061~4.390)0.035
VAS自评分-0.0390.01111.9550.962 (0.941~0.984)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972176929648663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Poisson regression analysis of influencing factors of the frequency of one-year hospitalization service utilization in patients with pneumoconiosis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
获得社会救济0.3380.1495.1461.402 (1.047~1.877)0.024
与病友交流病情0.5480.11622.5101.730 (1.379~2.170)<0.001
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药1.1570.27218.0513.181 (1.865~5.426)<0.001
经常用药(>1次/d)1.3120.26025.5273.712 (2.232~6.174)<0.001
已婚-0.4990.1748.1860.607 (0.431~0.855)0.005
合并有肺心病0.6180.17911.9411.855 (1.307~2.634)0.018
住院时有亲人陪护0.3970.11611.7371.487 (1.185~1.866)<0.001
VAS自评分-0.0180.00419.2000.982 (0.974~0.990)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240972177026117659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240950899355480765, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

尘肺病患者一年住院服务利用次数影响因素的poisson回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解释变量Exp(β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
获得社会救济0.3380.1495.1461.402 (1.047~1.877)0.024
与病友交流病情0.5480.11622.5101.730 (1.379~2.170)<0.001
用药频率(对照=无用药)
偶尔用药1.1570.27218.0513.181 (1.865~5.426)<0.001
经常用药(>1次/d)1.3120.26025.5273.712 (2.232~6.174)<0.001
已婚-0.4990.1748.1860.607 (0.431~0.855)0.005
合并有肺心病0.6180.17911.9411.855 (1.307~2.634)0.018
住院时有亲人陪护0.3970.11611.7371.487 (1.185~1.866)<0.001
VAS自评分-0.0180.00419.2000.982 (0.974~0.990)<0.001
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尘肺病患者门诊与住院服务利用情况及影响因素分析
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喻文鳌 1 , 魏宇豪 1 , 周家青 1 , 周丁子 1 , 伍东升 1 , 张勤 1 , 姜侠 1 , 廖加强 1 , 周敏 1 , 伏代刚 1 , 彭莉君 1 , 沈江 1 , 张本 1 , 王焕强 2 , 吕向裴 2 , 杜文 1
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024,51(7): 1193-1198
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024, 51(7): 1193-1198
尘肺病患者门诊与住院服务利用情况及影响因素分析
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喻文鳌1, 魏宇豪1, 周家青1, 周丁子1, 伍东升1, 张勤1, 姜侠1, 廖加强1, 周敏1, 伏代刚1, 彭莉君1, 沈江1, 张本1, 王焕强2, 吕向裴2, 杜文1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,华西职业性尘肺病队列工作组,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所
  • 喻文鳌(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

杜文,E-mail:
Analysis on the utilization and influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient services in patients with pneumoconiosis
Wen-ao YU1, Yu-hao WEI1, Jia-qing ZHOU1, Ding-zi ZHOU1, Dong-sheng WU1, Qin ZHANG1, Xia JIANG1, Jia-qiang LIAO1, Min ZHOU1, Dai-gang FU1, Li-jun PENG1, Jiang SHEN1, Ben ZHANG1, Huan-qiang WANG2, Xiang-pei LV2, Wen DU1
Affiliations
  • West China Occupational Pneumoconiosis Cohort Working Group, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312071
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目的

了解尘肺病患者门诊与住院服务利用情况及其影响因素。

方法

采取便利抽样方法,在四川大学华西第四医院选取共199名尘肺病患者,使用中国疾病预防控制中心编制的《尘肺病患者就医行为及其影响因素问卷》调查其人群特征、就医行为与影响因素。采用多因素logistic回归模型与多因素poisson回归模型分析患者门诊与住院服务利用的影响因素。

结果

调查的尘肺病患者两周门诊率为27.6%,一年利用门诊次数中位数为2次;一年住院率为61.8%,对已住院患者,一年住院次数中位数为1次,住院累积天数中位数为30 d;患者平均直观式健康标尺(VAS)得分为(48.3±17.4)分。多因素logistic回归与多因素poisson回归分析显示,已参加基础医保(OR=0.067,95%CI:0.006~0.716)、用药频率更高(OR=0.100,95%CI:0.037~0.269)、VAS得分更低(OR=0.992,95%CI:0.988~0.997)的尘肺病患者利用门诊服务更少,近期出现咳嗽加重(OR=5.530,95%CI:2.446~12.501)、有工伤保险(OR=1.183,95%CI:1.015~1.379)、收入较低(OR=0.980,95%CI:0.965~0.997)的尘肺病患者利用门诊服务更多;已婚(OR=0.063,95%CI:0.005~0.771)、VAS得分更低(OR=8.463,95%CI:3.090~23.248)的尘肺病患者利用住院服务更少;用药频率更高(OR=8.463,95%CI:3.090~23.248)、合并肺心病(OR=1.855,95%CI:1.307~2.634)、获得尘肺赔偿(OR=3.358,95%CI:1.183~9.529)、获得社会救济(OR=1.402,95%CI:1.047~1.877)、更主动与病友交流病情(OR=2.158,95%CI:1.061~4.390)的尘肺病患者利用住院服务更多。

结论

尘肺病患者门诊与住院利用率均高于全国平均水平。尘肺病患者自身健康状况、经济水平和社会支持水平是影响其就医行为的重要因素。

尘肺病  /  就医行为  /  住院  /  门诊  /  社会支持
Objective

To investigate the utilization of outpatient and inpatient services in patients with pneumoconiosis and its influencing factors.

Methods

By using the convenient sampling method, 199 pneumoconiosis patients were selected from the West China Fourth Hospital, and their population characteristics, medical treatment-seeking behavior, and influencing factors were investigated by using the questionnaire on pneumoconiosis patients and its influencing factors compiled by CDC of China.Multivariate logistic regression model and multivariate poisons regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient service utilization.

Results

The two-week outpatient rate of pneumoconiosis patients surveyed was 27.6%, the median number of outpatients used in one year was twice, and the annual hospitalization rate was 61.8%. For hospitalized patients, the median number of hospitalizations per year was 1, and the median cumulative hospitalization days was 30 days. The average visual health scale (VAS) score of patients was 48.3±17.4. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate poisons regression analysis showed that pneumoconiosis patients with basic health insurance (OR=0.067, 95%CI: 0.006-0.716),higher frequency of medication (OR=0.100, 95%CI: 0.037-0.269), and lower VAS score (OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.988-0.997) had less use of outpatient services. Pneumoconiosis patients with recent exacerbation of cough (OR=5.530, 95%CI: 2.446-12.501), work injury insurance (OR=1.183, 95%CI:1.015-1.379), and lower income (OR=0.980, 95%CI: 0.965-0.997) had more use of outpatient services. Pneumoconiosis patients who were married (OR=0.063, 95%CI: 0.005-0.771) and had lower VAS scores (OR=8.463, 95%CI: 3.090-23.248) had less use of inpatient services. Pneumoconiosis patients with higher frequency of medication (OR=8.463, 95%CI: 3.090-23.248), complicated with core pulmonale (OR=1.855, 95%CI: 1.307-2.634), pneumoconiosis compensation (OR=3.358, 95%CI: 1.183-9.529), social relief (OR=1.402, 95%CI: 1.047-1.877) and more active communication with patients (OR=2.158, 95%CI: 1.061-4.390) were likely to have more use of inpatient services.

Conclusion

The utilization rates of outpatients and inpatients with pneumoconiosis are higher than the national average. The health status, economic level, and social support level of patients with pneumoconiosis are important factors affecting their medical treatment behavior.

Pneumoconiosis  /  Medical behavior  /  Hospitalization  /  Outpatient service  /  Social support
喻文鳌, 魏宇豪, 周家青, 周丁子, 伍东升, 张勤, 姜侠, 廖加强, 周敏, 伏代刚, 彭莉君, 沈江, 张本, 王焕强, 吕向裴, 杜文. 尘肺病患者门诊与住院服务利用情况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1193 -1198 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312071
Wen-ao YU, Yu-hao WEI, Jia-qing ZHOU, Ding-zi ZHOU, Dong-sheng WU, Qin ZHANG, Xia JIANG, Jia-qiang LIAO, Min ZHOU, Dai-gang FU, Li-jun PENG, Jiang SHEN, Ben ZHANG, Huan-qiang WANG, Xiang-pei LV, Wen DU. Analysis on the utilization and influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient services in patients with pneumoconiosis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (7) : 1193 -1198 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312071
尘肺病是我国危害最严重和最常见的职业病,目前尚无治愈方法,现有治疗多以长期康复和辅助治疗为主[1]。据相关调查,我国尘肺病患者现年均医疗费用近2万元,而用于调理等其他间接费用则高达5万元[2]。同时,尘肺病患者主要为接尘工人,其收入与其支出并不匹配,以四川省为例,从2010—2018年,全省采矿业、建筑业等接尘工人的工资水平均低于全省平均水平[3-5],因此,患者的医疗负担通常较重,又需要长期治疗,医疗服务需求迫切,其就医行为存在特殊性。现对我国不同人群就医行为的研究发现,个人与身体情况、经济水平、社会保障与社会支持情况、生命质量等都对就医行为产生影响[6-7]
四川省既往作为人力资源大省,接尘工人众多,以中小煤矿、铁路建设、装修建筑行业为主[8],行业间人员流通频繁,粉尘大,矽尘含量高,因此,四川省的尘肺病发病数量处于全国前列。四川大学华西第四医院是四川省医疗服务能力最强的职业病医院,患者基本来自全省各地,可以较好反应地区内职业病患者就医的情况。对就医行为的研究实质上是对就医服务利用的研究,而门诊服务利用与住院服务利用是其最直观的形式。本研究将通过分析四川大学华西第四医院尘肺病患者门诊与住院利用及其影响因素,为本地的尘肺病患者就医与社会保障政策提供参考建议。
采用便利抽样方法,选择2018年1—12月于四川大学华西第四医院住院治疗的199名职业性尘肺病患者为研究对象。纳入标准:参考GBZ 70-2015《职业性尘肺病的诊断》标准的尘肺病住院患者,包含因尚未取得职业史证明、仅完成医学诊断的尘肺病患者。排除标准:患有精神疾患、行为障碍者;无法理解调查问卷内容者;未获取知情同意者;病情严重无法交流者。本研究经四川大学华西第四医院伦理委员会审核通过,所有研究对象均知情同意。
采用中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所编制的《尘肺病患者就医行为及其影响因素问卷》进行调查,内容包括两部分:(1)门诊就医行为:近两周是否因尘肺前去门诊、一年门诊次数等;(2)住院就医行为:一年是否因尘肺去住院治疗、一年住院次数、住院总时间等。本研究选取的门诊与住院情况均为调查时间往前一年时的情况,调查时的住院不计入其中。
同样采用《尘肺病患者就医行为及其影响因素问卷》进行调查,内容包括尘肺病患者基本情况(包括人口学特征、经济状况、尘肺患病及合并症)、社会保障情况(包括工伤保险、医疗保险与社会救助)、患者健康生命质量(五个维度,每个维度包含三个等级的选项)、VAS得分(评分方法参考中国五维量表方法[9])和常住地信息(城市或农村)。其中,仍在从业一项是指截至本次调查前1月仍在参与粉尘作业,亲人陪护一项是指如果住院是否会有亲人陪护。
问卷调查由统一培训的调查员对在尘肺病患者病床前,在取得患者的知情同意后,进行当面询问。问卷收回后经由另一调查员逻辑检错。数据使用Epidata软件进行双人录入与一致性检验。
采用R 4.2.1进行数据统计分析。定量资料若符合正态分布,采用()进行描述,若不满足正态分布,选择[MP25P75)]进行描述。定性资料使用构成比描述。将单因素logistic回归分析中显著的解释变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析或多因素poisson回归分析。在回归分析中,对两周门诊、一年住院服务利用的因变量赋值“是为1、否为0”。对自变量的赋值中,VAS自评分取实际分数,其余二分类变量均取“是为1、否为0”。对问卷中存在的缺失值,采用多重插补法进行填补。检验水准α=0.05。
199名患者平均年龄为(53.7±9.1)岁,最小35岁,最大80岁,男性患者占比99.5%,是典型的男性群体。患者的VAS分数为(48.3±17.4)分。有近30%的患者仍在从业状态。81.4%患者居住地一般距离成都较远,且大多居住在农村中(占84.4%)。具体不同个体特征分布见表1
本研究中,尘肺病患者的两周门诊率为27.6%(55/199),其中,38.2%的患者(21/55)选择前往三级医院门诊,34.5%的患者(19/55)选择前往二级医院门诊。经多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,已纳入基础医保范畴、用药频率更高与近期咳嗽症状加重均是患者两周内利用门诊服务的独立影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2
尘肺病患者一年利用门诊次数[MP25P75)]为2(0,6)次,其中有33%的患者(66/199)未使用过任何门诊服务,门诊次数最多者共使用了30次门诊服务。经多因素poisson回归结果显示,年龄大于60岁、购买过工伤保险、平时感到疼痛不适等因素是患者一年内利用门诊服务的独立影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3
尘肺病患者一年住院率为61.8%(123/199),其中,49.6%的患者选择前往三级医院住院(61/123),22.8%的患者(28/123)选择前往二级医院住院。经多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,已婚、已获取政府赔偿、与病友交流病情、用药情况与VAS评分均是患者一年内是否利用住院服务的独立影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4
对已利用住院服务的尘肺病患者123人进行分析,其一年住院次数MP25P75)为1(0,3)次,住院天数MP25P75)为30(15,55)d。经多因素poisson分析结果显示,与病友交流病情、有家人陪护、合并患肺心病等因素是患者一年内利用住院服务次数的独立影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表5
尘肺病是我国患病人数最多,危害最严重的职业病,其缺乏早期诊断方法与有效治疗手段[10],因此尘肺病患者常需要长期治疗,就医需求迫切。本研究中,超过70%的门诊、住院患者均选择前往二级及以上医院诊治,表明患者对医疗服务的认可度会影响其就医倾向[11]。此外,尘肺病患者文化程度较低,文盲或识字较少的患者比例为7.1%,较第七次全国人口普查的文盲率2.67%高[12],还有近一半的患者为小学文化程度,这可能对其社会支持与就医选择有影响[13]。研究发现了尘肺病患者医疗服务利用的三个特点:一是,医疗可及性对尘肺病患者就医行为的影响不大,这与对其他慢性病的研究结果不完全一致[6,14]。这可能是由于尘肺病防治在基层仍缺少专业的诊治机构,患者需要更多时间前往二级及以上医院进行诊治。二是,尘肺病患者的医疗服务利用率较高。结果显示,尘肺病患者的两周门诊率与一年住院率均远高于第五次国家卫生服务调查中居民的两周门诊率13%与一年住院率9%,也高于同期其他地区研究报告的门诊率与住院率[15-17]。尘肺病患者累积住院天数也高于调查所示的平均累积住院时间11.6 d[18]。这均表明尘肺病患者的医疗服务利用水平高于其他一般居民。三是,患者的健康自我评价较低。本研究中尘肺病患者VAS评分低于西部居民平均水平79.9分[18],说明患者自我感觉和评价的健康状况较差,这与在浙江省与青海省的调查结果相似[14]
本研究结果表明,对自身身体健康的关注程度是影响尘肺病患者就医行为的重要因素。两周内症状加重(如咳嗽)的尘肺病患者两周内的就诊概率更高,这与其他研究结果一致[19]。对自己健康状况评分越低的患者越倾向于一年内多次门诊(OR=0.992,95%CI:0.988~0.997)和住院(OR=0.982,95%CI:0.974~0.990),这均表明患者对身体健康的主观感受会影响其就医行为决策。此外,尘肺病患者用药的不同频率对就医行为的影响不同。用药频率高、长期服药的患者两周内门诊利用率低(OR=0.100,95%CI:0.037~0.269),而一年的门诊利用次数与住院服务利用更多(OR=8.463,95%CI:3.090~23.248),说明在尘肺病患者群体中,更稳定的服药依从性与服药习惯可能会增加患者长期利用医疗服务的意愿。
多项研究表明,经济因素对患者就医行为具有很大影响。本研究中,参加了基础医保的尘肺病患者更不愿意使用门诊服务(OR=0.067,95%CI:0.006~0.716),这与李涛[16]等的研究结果相似,但与其他慢性病研究的结果不符[20]。与之对应,收入更低的患者对门诊服务的利用次数稍多(OR=0.980,95%CI:0.965~0.997)。这可能是因为尘肺病的基础医保的门诊报销比例不高,患者更不愿意付费利用医疗服务,而政府实施的医疗救助政策,减少了低收入尘肺患病群体的开销[21],促进其就医。此外,参加工伤保险的患者一年内门诊的次数更多(OR=1.183,95%CI:1.015~1.379);获取尘肺病赔偿(OR=3.358,95%CI:1.183~9.529)、获取社会救济(OR=1.402,95%CI:1.047~1.877)的患者更倾向于使用住院服务,均表明改善尘肺病患者的经济水平有助于促进医疗服务利用,这与李美雄等[17,20]的研究一致。
本研究发现,已婚(OR=0.063,95%CI:0.005~0.771)和与病友间的交流(OR=2.158,95%CI:1.061~4.390)是对患者是否利用住院服务的重要独立影响因素,这表明社会支持对尘肺病患者的就医行为的重要影响。对已婚患者,家庭内良好的社会支持可以维持患者更好的心态和情绪,减缓疾病的进程,保证更好的身心健康[13]。此外,尘肺病患者虽对尘肺病相关知识的了解意愿很高,但碍于文化程度与医患信息不对等的障碍,很难对尘肺病有较为全面的认识[22],而积极的社交活动则可以增加患者对尘肺病相关知识的获取,促进其对医疗服务的利用。
综上所述,建议可针对以下三点提高患者的医疗服务利用意愿:第一,多对尘肺病患者进行健康宣讲和知识普及,让患者自己意识到尘肺病的长期危害,从而更积极就医;第二,加强针对粉尘作业行业的管理,保障接尘工人工伤保险全覆盖,并对因病致贫的尘肺病患者开展社会救助;第三,增加更多基层职业病诊疗站点,减少因行动不便或距离过于遥远导致的就医困难问题。
本研究的不足之处在于,由于本研究采用便利抽样的方法,且研究样本量不大,均来自单中心,样本代表性不足。并且,本研究采用的并非常规的两周门诊率。调查均在院内完成,而一般前来住院的患者的临床表现均会较一般门诊患者重,所以其利用医疗服务的概率会更高,代表性存在一定偏倚,这会导致本研究过高地估计了尘肺病患者的医疗利用倾向。此外,数据采集自2018年,对将尘肺病全面纳入工伤保险的新政策后发生的就医行为变化并未进行研究。这都有待今后扩展样本量、开展多中心研究进一步探讨。
  • 国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U22A20359)
  • 四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC1729; 2023NSFSCO649)
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2024年第51卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312071
  • 接收时间:2023-12-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-06
基金
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U22A20359)
四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC1729; 2023NSFSCO649)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,华西职业性尘肺病队列工作组,四川 成都 610041
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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