Article(id=1240929929102151696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704211200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773790350461, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1717948800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773790350461, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773790350461, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773790350461, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240929920461886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773790348400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827281389, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2001, endPage=2007, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240929929538359353, articleId=1240929929102151696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on technical evaluation index system of primary children’s health management service, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the construction of technical evaluation index system of primary children’s health management services, and to provide reference basis for improving the technical aspects of health management services for children at the grassroots level. Methods By means of literature analysis, policy induction and expert discussion, a preliminary framework and content pool for the evaluation index system of technical assessment for primary children’s health management services were established. The Delphi expert consultation method was then used to determine the content of each index. Results After two rounds of expert consultations, a two-level index system with 2 primary indicators and 5 secondary indicators, two of which had 2 tertiary indicators under each, was constructed. Specific content was assigned to this index system, and corresponding scores were allocated on a percentage basis. The positive coefficient of the experts in the two rounds of consultations were 92% and 100% respectively, and their authority coefficients were both 0.88. The coordination coefficients for the rationality assessment of the index in the two rounds of expert consultation were all between 0 and 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The constructed evaluation index system for technical assessment of primary children’s health management services using the improved Delphi method is reasonably effective, and this evaluation index system can provide a reference for the technical assessment of health management services for children at the grassroots level..

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目的 探索构建基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系,为提高基层儿童健康管理服务技术提供参考依据。方法 通过文献分析法、政策归纳法和专家讨论法等,初步建立基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系框架和要目池,再使用德尔菲专家函询法确定各项指标内容。结果 经过两轮专家咨询,构建出一级指标2项,二级指标5项,其中2项二级指标下设各2项三级指标的评价指标体系。在此指标体系下是相应的具体内容,并按百分制赋予相应的分值。两轮专家咨询的专家积极系数分别为92%和100%,权威系数均为0.88。两轮专家咨询指标合理性评价的协调系数均在0~1之间(P<0.05)。结论 通过改良德尔菲法构建的基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系合理性较好,该评价指标体系可为基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价提供参考。

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朱焱,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=XDMGc4pALSE1u2qQ9NdAMw==, magXml=oRFOaXdO2hIxf+ks/k9gQw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=za1BMon/z5cc8DBzbZHwvA==, pdfFileSize=2506377, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=fbq1mcVOu0q2mEWknaMRgw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=s7S+EUOCM5Zxge4vSalnug==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

聂颖(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:妇幼保健与人口健康

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聂颖(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:妇幼保健与人口健康

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Basic information of experts [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本情况第一轮人数第二轮人数
性别
3(27.27)2(14.29)
8(72.73)12(85.71)
年龄(岁)
30~392(18.18)4(28.57)
40~494(36.37)6(42.86)
50~593(27.27)3(21.43)
≥602(18.18)1(7.14)
文化程度
本科3(27.27)5(35.71)
硕士6(54.55)8(57.15)
博士及以上2(18.18)1(7.14)
工作年限(年)
5~93(27.27)3(21.43)
10~140(0)3(21.43)
15~193(27.27)3(21.43)
≥205(45.46)5(35.71)
专业领域
儿少卫生与妇幼保健学6(54.55)6(42.86)
公共卫生与预防医学3(27.27)4(28.57)
临床医学2(18.18)4(28.57)
是否为导师
博导1(9.08)0(0)
硕导4(36.37)4(28.57)
6(54.55)10(71.43)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929935284556288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929929102151696, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

专家基本情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本情况第一轮人数第二轮人数
性别
3(27.27)2(14.29)
8(72.73)12(85.71)
年龄(岁)
30~392(18.18)4(28.57)
40~494(36.37)6(42.86)
50~593(27.27)3(21.43)
≥602(18.18)1(7.14)
文化程度
本科3(27.27)5(35.71)
硕士6(54.55)8(57.15)
博士及以上2(18.18)1(7.14)
工作年限(年)
5~93(27.27)3(21.43)
10~140(0)3(21.43)
15~193(27.27)3(21.43)
≥205(45.46)5(35.71)
专业领域
儿少卫生与妇幼保健学6(54.55)6(42.86)
公共卫生与预防医学3(27.27)4(28.57)
临床医学2(18.18)4(28.57)
是否为导师
博导1(9.08)0(0)
硕导4(36.37)4(28.57)
6(54.55)10(71.43)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929935439745544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929929102151696, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The result of expert consultation on the rationality of indicator setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标体系第一轮第二轮
Wχ2PWχ2P
一级指标0.3334.0000.0460.3184.4550.035
二级指标0.19311.5920.0410.23813.3260.010
三级指标0.30711.0400.0120.25910.8860.012
), ArticleFig(id=1240929935540408854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929929102151696, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

指标设置合理性专家咨询结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标体系第一轮第二轮
Wχ2PWχ2P
一级指标0.3334.0000.0460.3184.4550.035
二级指标0.19311.5920.0410.23813.3260.010
三级指标0.30711.0400.0120.25910.8860.012
), ArticleFig(id=1240929935662043676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929929102151696, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of the expert consultation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标第一轮第二轮
要目完整性评分
CV 要目赋分合理性
CV要目完整性评分
CV 要目赋分合理性
CV
1健康检查
1.1测量规范性
1.1.1测量项目完整
健康检查项目完整4.27±0.470.114.18±0.870.214.57±0.650.144.71±0.470.10
1.1.2测量方法正确
身长(高)测量方法正确4.73±0.470.104.00±1.340.344.86±0.360.074.50±0.860.19
体重测量方法正确4.45±0.820.183.82±1.330.354.71±0.470.104.43±0.940.21
头围及前囟测量正确4.27±0.910.213.55±1.210.344.50±0.520.124.50±0.760.17
心理行为测量正确4.36±0.920.214.45±0.930.214.36±0.500.114.50±0.520.12
1.2体检完整性
1.2.1查体部位完整
体外观检查4.27±0.650.154.36±0.670.154.64±0.500.114.64±0.500.11
问诊3.91±0.940.244.27±0.650.154.36±0.630.154.57±0.510.11
皮肤检查4.64±0.510.114.55±0.690.154.71±0.470.104.64±0.500.11
头颈部检查4.36±0.670.154.64±0.510.114.71±0.470.104.64±0.500.11
眼部检查4.27±0.790.184.64±0.510.114.50±0.650.144.57±0.650.14
口腔检查4.36±0.670.154.55±0.520.114.21±0.700.174.43±0.650.15
耳部检查4.36±0.670.154.55±0.520.114.43±0.510.124.50±0.520.12
胸腹部检查4.64±0.510.114.64±0.510.114.64±0.500.114.64±0.500.11
脊柱及四肢检查4.64±0.510.114.64±0.510.114.71±0.470.104.86±0.360.07
肛门/外生殖器检查4.55±0.520.114.55±0.520.114.57±0.510.114.57±0.510.11
1.2.2生长发育评价
体格发育评估4.73±0.470.104.64±0.510.114.93±0.270.054.93±0.270.05
反馈生长发育情况4.64±0.510.114.64±0.510.114.71±0.610.134.86±0.360.07
2健康指导
2.1指导完整性
喂养/膳食指导4.45±0.690.154.45±0.690.154.50±0.520.124.50±0.650.14
交流玩耍指导4.36±0.920.214.18±1.170.284.43±0.510.124.29±0.730.17
户外活动4.64±0.510.114.45±0.930.214.57±0.510.114.57±0.650.14
疾病预防4.45±0.820.184.36±1.030.244.64±0.500.114.50±0.760.17
预防伤害4.64±0.670.154.55±0.930.214.64±0.500.114.43±0.760.17
口腔保健4.55±0.520.114.36±0.920.214.57±0.510.114.43±0.760.17
眼保健4.45±0.690.154.36±0.920.214.64±0.500.114.36±0.750.17
睡眠卫生4.64±0.510.114.45±0.930.214.64±0.630.144.57±0.650.14
中医保健4.36±0.670.154.18±0.980.234.29±0.830.194.14±0.770.19
疫苗接种4.27±1.190.284.09±1.450.35
2.2指导连续性
连续性评价4.36±0.810.194.45±0.820.184.64±0.630.144.71±0.610.13
生长发育监测4.45±0.690.154.45±0.690.154.79±0.430.094.79±0.430.09
2.3指导科学性
科学喂养4.55±0.520.114.55±0.520.114.64±0.500.114.64±0.500.11
科学护齿4.73±0.470.104.64±0.510.114.71±0.470.104.29±0.910.21
科学护眼4.64±0.510.114.55±0.690.154.64±0.630.144.43±0.760.17
心理行为发育4.55±0.520.114.55±0.520.114.50±0.650.144.57±0.510.11
针对性指导4.36±0.810.194.18±1.170.284.71±0.470.104.64±0.630.14
), ArticleFig(id=1240929935754318372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929929102151696, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

专家咨询结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标第一轮第二轮
要目完整性评分
CV 要目赋分合理性
CV要目完整性评分
CV 要目赋分合理性
CV
1健康检查
1.1测量规范性
1.1.1测量项目完整
健康检查项目完整4.27±0.470.114.18±0.870.214.57±0.650.144.71±0.470.10
1.1.2测量方法正确
身长(高)测量方法正确4.73±0.470.104.00±1.340.344.86±0.360.074.50±0.860.19
体重测量方法正确4.45±0.820.183.82±1.330.354.71±0.470.104.43±0.940.21
头围及前囟测量正确4.27±0.910.213.55±1.210.344.50±0.520.124.50±0.760.17
心理行为测量正确4.36±0.920.214.45±0.930.214.36±0.500.114.50±0.520.12
1.2体检完整性
1.2.1查体部位完整
体外观检查4.27±0.650.154.36±0.670.154.64±0.500.114.64±0.500.11
问诊3.91±0.940.244.27±0.650.154.36±0.630.154.57±0.510.11
皮肤检查4.64±0.510.114.55±0.690.154.71±0.470.104.64±0.500.11
头颈部检查4.36±0.670.154.64±0.510.114.71±0.470.104.64±0.500.11
眼部检查4.27±0.790.184.64±0.510.114.50±0.650.144.57±0.650.14
口腔检查4.36±0.670.154.55±0.520.114.21±0.700.174.43±0.650.15
耳部检查4.36±0.670.154.55±0.520.114.43±0.510.124.50±0.520.12
胸腹部检查4.64±0.510.114.64±0.510.114.64±0.500.114.64±0.500.11
脊柱及四肢检查4.64±0.510.114.64±0.510.114.71±0.470.104.86±0.360.07
肛门/外生殖器检查4.55±0.520.114.55±0.520.114.57±0.510.114.57±0.510.11
1.2.2生长发育评价
体格发育评估4.73±0.470.104.64±0.510.114.93±0.270.054.93±0.270.05
反馈生长发育情况4.64±0.510.114.64±0.510.114.71±0.610.134.86±0.360.07
2健康指导
2.1指导完整性
喂养/膳食指导4.45±0.690.154.45±0.690.154.50±0.520.124.50±0.650.14
交流玩耍指导4.36±0.920.214.18±1.170.284.43±0.510.124.29±0.730.17
户外活动4.64±0.510.114.45±0.930.214.57±0.510.114.57±0.650.14
疾病预防4.45±0.820.184.36±1.030.244.64±0.500.114.50±0.760.17
预防伤害4.64±0.670.154.55±0.930.214.64±0.500.114.43±0.760.17
口腔保健4.55±0.520.114.36±0.920.214.57±0.510.114.43±0.760.17
眼保健4.45±0.690.154.36±0.920.214.64±0.500.114.36±0.750.17
睡眠卫生4.64±0.510.114.45±0.930.214.64±0.630.144.57±0.650.14
中医保健4.36±0.670.154.18±0.980.234.29±0.830.194.14±0.770.19
疫苗接种4.27±1.190.284.09±1.450.35
2.2指导连续性
连续性评价4.36±0.810.194.45±0.820.184.64±0.630.144.71±0.610.13
生长发育监测4.45±0.690.154.45±0.690.154.79±0.430.094.79±0.430.09
2.3指导科学性
科学喂养4.55±0.520.114.55±0.520.114.64±0.500.114.64±0.500.11
科学护齿4.73±0.470.104.64±0.510.114.71±0.470.104.29±0.910.21
科学护眼4.64±0.510.114.55±0.690.154.64±0.630.144.43±0.760.17
心理行为发育4.55±0.520.114.55±0.520.114.50±0.650.144.57±0.510.11
针对性指导4.36±0.810.194.18±1.170.284.71±0.470.104.64±0.630.14
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基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系研究
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聂颖 , 蔡菁晖 , 朱焱
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(11): 2001-2007
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(11): 2001-2007
基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系研究
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聂颖, 蔡菁晖, 朱焱
作者信息
  • 贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 聂颖(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:妇幼保健与人口健康

通讯作者:

朱焱,E-mail:
Study on technical evaluation index system of primary children’s health management service
Ying NIE, Jing-hui CAI, Yan ZHU
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health and Health,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2024-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401037
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目的 探索构建基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系,为提高基层儿童健康管理服务技术提供参考依据。方法 通过文献分析法、政策归纳法和专家讨论法等,初步建立基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系框架和要目池,再使用德尔菲专家函询法确定各项指标内容。结果 经过两轮专家咨询,构建出一级指标2项,二级指标5项,其中2项二级指标下设各2项三级指标的评价指标体系。在此指标体系下是相应的具体内容,并按百分制赋予相应的分值。两轮专家咨询的专家积极系数分别为92%和100%,权威系数均为0.88。两轮专家咨询指标合理性评价的协调系数均在0~1之间(P<0.05)。结论 通过改良德尔菲法构建的基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系合理性较好,该评价指标体系可为基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价提供参考。

儿童健康管理  /  服务技术  /  评价指标  /  基层卫生

Objective To explore the construction of technical evaluation index system of primary children’s health management services, and to provide reference basis for improving the technical aspects of health management services for children at the grassroots level. Methods By means of literature analysis, policy induction and expert discussion, a preliminary framework and content pool for the evaluation index system of technical assessment for primary children’s health management services were established. The Delphi expert consultation method was then used to determine the content of each index. Results After two rounds of expert consultations, a two-level index system with 2 primary indicators and 5 secondary indicators, two of which had 2 tertiary indicators under each, was constructed. Specific content was assigned to this index system, and corresponding scores were allocated on a percentage basis. The positive coefficient of the experts in the two rounds of consultations were 92% and 100% respectively, and their authority coefficients were both 0.88. The coordination coefficients for the rationality assessment of the index in the two rounds of expert consultation were all between 0 and 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The constructed evaluation index system for technical assessment of primary children’s health management services using the improved Delphi method is reasonably effective, and this evaluation index system can provide a reference for the technical assessment of health management services for children at the grassroots level..

Children’s health management  /  Service technique  /  Evaluation index  /  Primary health care
聂颖, 蔡菁晖, 朱焱. 基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (11) : 2001 -2007 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401037
Ying NIE, Jing-hui CAI, Yan ZHU. Study on technical evaluation index system of primary children’s health management service[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (11) : 2001 -2007 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401037
促进儿童健康成长,能够为国家可持续发展提供宝贵资源和不竭动力,是建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的必然要求。当前的数据显示,我国在促进儿童健康方面取得了巨大的成就,如5岁以下儿童死亡率从1990年的61‰下降到2021年的7.1‰[1]。我国已处于从生存目标向发展目标过渡及对高质量医疗保健服务需求不断增长的时期[2]。2021年,国务院印发《中国儿童发展纲要(2021-2030)》中,将完善儿童健康服务体系,增强儿童保健服务能力,提高儿童健康水平作为主要目标之一[3]。基层是我国儿童健康服务体系的基石,目前我国基层儿童健康管理服务已经扩大到0~6岁,但在规范管理及相关评价工作方面尚处在初级阶段,评价指标多集中在硬件、访视率、检出率、管理率等[4-6],在评估基层儿童健康管理过程及相关服务技术方面存在不足[6],对提升服务质量作用可能有限。基于此,本研究在基层0~6岁儿童健康管理现实条件下,采用德尔菲法等方法,探索制定一套针对专业人员在开展儿童健康管理服务过程中的技术评价指标体系,为卫生行政部门评估以促进儿童健康管理服务质量提供参考。
以《0~6岁儿童健康管理技术规范》与《基本公共卫生服务规范》中对儿童健康管理人员提出的服务内容为切入点,利用文献分析法、政策归纳法等总结目前对儿童健康管理人员服务技术所提出的要求,构建基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系框架。
使用改良德尔菲法,即专家讨论法与专家函询法相结合,在使用函询法前邀请专家对指标体系进行讨论[7]。专家函询法采用电子邮件的形式进行咨询。专家咨询表主要内容是对指标体系分级合理性及每个指标下的要目完整性、要目赋分合理性进行评价。合理性及完整性评价按照李克特五级评分法,即“不合理(不完整)~非常合理(非常完整)”,分别赋值1~5分。
采用典型抽样,邀请来自国家疾病控制研究中心、高等医学院校、省级儿童健康卫生服务相关机构的专家以及基层医疗卫生机构的工作人员作为咨询对象。专家纳入标准:(1)从事与儿童健康相关工作领域;(2)相关领域从事5年以上者;(3)本科及以上学历。
采用Excel 2016对专家咨询结果进行整理,采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析,计算各指标得分均值()、变异系数(CV)、和谐系数等。
采用专家积极系数、专家权威系数和专家协调系数对参与的专家进行评价:(1)专家积极系数:反应专家对研究的关心程度,使用专家咨询问卷回收率来表示。(2)专家权威系数(Cr)表示专家权威程度,由专家判断依据系数和专家熟悉程度的均值来表示,Cr≥0.70表示权威程度高;专家判断依据系数(Ca):主要为实践经验、理论分析、参考国内外文献和个人直觉四个方面,分大、中、小三个等级,分别赋值1.0、0.8和0.6分[8];专家熟悉程度(Cs):分五等级并赋值,即非常熟悉(1.0)、比较熟悉(0.8)、一般熟悉(0.6)、不太熟悉(0.4)、不熟悉(0.2)[9]。(3)专家意见集中程度和协调程度:集中程度使用均数表示专家意见集中程度;使用肯德尔和谐系数(Kendall W)和变异系数(CV)表示专家意见协调程度。当Kendall W取值范围在0~1之间,CV<0.25时说明专家意见协调程度高[10]
采用要目完整性评分,要目赋分合理性评分的均数()、标准差(s)、变异系数(CV)等描述专家咨询结果。以评分均数()>3.5且变异系数(CV)<0.25,作为要目纳入标准[11]。两项标准均不满足则删除;其中一项不满足标准的指标,根据专家意见进行修改和调整。
根据文献分析及政策归纳,初步构建出2个一级指标、6个二级指标及4个三级指标,条目池主要内容如图1所示。
采用线上匿名小组会议的形式,对初步建立的“基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系”整体框架与各指标所含内容完整性与合理性展开讨论与评价,形成了2个一级指标、5个二级指标、4个三级指标的基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系。
第一轮共咨询12位专家,第二轮共咨询14位专家;专家分别来自国家疾病预防控制中心、高校、研究所、市级医疗机构以及基层医疗机构;专家以女性为主;从事相关工作十年以上者占多数;专业领域分布为儿少卫生与妇幼保健学、公共卫生与预防医学、临床医学。见表1
第一轮专家咨询共发放12份问卷,回收有效问卷11份,回收率为92%;其中,有7名专家对指标体系提出了修改意见,说明专家对研究比较支持与关心。第二轮专家咨询共发放14份问卷,回收有效问卷14份,回收率100%;其中,有4名专家对指标体系提出修改意见。第一轮Cs=0.82,Ca=0.94,Cr=0.88;第二轮Cs=0.81,Ca=0.94,Cr=0.88。两轮专家权威系数均>0.7,说明专家权威程度较高。
采用肯德尔和谐系数(W)来表示全部专家对所有的指标进行评价结果的一致性,结果见表2。两轮专家咨询的肯德尔和谐系数均在0~1之间,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明专家认可该指标体系。
两轮专家咨询中对各指标体系下要目完整性与要目赋分合理性评分结果见表3。综合评分结果、指标筛选标准、专家意见及课题组讨论,对部分指标进行了修改或删除。
两轮专家咨询结束后最终形成了“基层儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系”,包括健康检查和健康指导2个一级指标、5个二级指标,在健康检查的二级指标下设置了三级指标(4项)。具体评价指标及评分内容见图2
当前儿童保健服务在覆盖面等方面有了长足的发展,提升基层儿童保健服务质量已成为目前关注的热点[12]。同时国家有关儿童健康管理相关的规范、指南已经发布多年,但尚缺乏评价工具以评估实际工作情况。目前对基层儿童健康服务能力主要从资源投入、服务产出、服务效果等方面进行评价,涉及的多是服务机构资源与对服务人群健康产生的影响[6]。本研究研制的儿童健康管理服务技术评价指标体系是以儿童健康管理人员作为评价对象,是对其服务技术进行评价的实操性工具,即以儿童健康管理人员对儿童进行健康管理的专业技能为主,注重健康管理人员的服务过程评价,旨在为提高基层儿童健康管理服务质量提供参考依据。
本研究采用了综合方法,包括文献分析法、政策归纳法及改良德尔菲法等。改良德尔菲法是专家讨论法与专家函询法的结合。专家讨论使用的是线上匿名法,会议中对构建的指标体系从整体框架到各要目设置合理性逐一进行讨论与评价。使用该方法不仅可以提高参与者对研究的参与度,还可有助于避免重要人物“话语权”的影响[13]。指标体系的评价专家遴选是专家函询法的关键[14],本研究选取的专家包含国家级、省级专家以及基层工作者,均为儿童保健相关专业领域,且实践经验丰富,工作年限较长,代表性较好。研究表明,如果专家背景是同质的,那么10~15名受试者就足够了[15],且每轮的参与专家可能会有所不同[16],因此本研究第一轮选取12名专家,第二轮在第一轮回信专家的基础上新增专家,目的是为了稳定调查结果的同时进一步完善评价指标的适用性。
考虑到指标体系实用性的问题,本研究构建的一级指标来自《0~6岁儿童健康管理技术规范》(简称《规范》),《规范》提出健康检查与健康指导是儿童健康管理人员所必须具备的服务技术。健康检查是实施健康指导的基础,是实施疾病早期预防和开展健康管理的基本途径及有效手段之一,只有进行了规范和完整的检查,才能给出针对性的健康指导[17]。对于基层儿童健康管理,健康检查是基础,而测量规范是后续所有工作的前提,也是基层儿童保健工作的重点。测量项目完整是指对儿童进行人体测量时儿童健康管理人员按《规范》要求完成测量项目的情况。测量方法正确是对每一个测量项目的正确测量方法的描述,是测量项目的进一步体现。查体部位完整是指对儿童进行体格检查时儿童健康管理人员按《规范》要求完成查体部位的情况。生长发育评价是对所有检查项目的信息整合,是在进行完整体检的基础上作出的综合性评价,对于维护与促进儿童健康具有重要意义。
最终根据两轮咨询的结果,得到如图2的基层儿童健康管理服务技术指标体系及百分制评分参考分值。该指标体系在评价时主要对儿童健康管理人员进行健康管理时提供的服务进行观察记录,以儿童健康管理人员为评价对象,对其提供的服务技术进行评价,根据每项指标给分点为其进行评分,评分结果即为服务技术得分情况。以此可以直观地对其服务技术能力作出评价,根据评价结果可以发现其服务短板和专业技能短缺之处,为提高其服务质量提供具体且针对性信息。
儿童健康管理人员高质量的服务技术可能会改变家长养育行为、促进儿童健康行为的养成,如家长会借鉴其提供的有关儿童健康干预信息做出有利于儿童健康成长的决策与行为,其提供的儿童生长发育信息、健康管理行为对促进儿童健康成长具有积极作用[18]。作为卫生管理部门,则可以借助该评价指标体系对儿童健康管理人员的服务技术做出评价,并进行科学的指导与质量控制,从而改善工作模式,提升服务质量。此外,该评价指标体系还可为培养儿童健康管理人力资源提供参考。需要注意的是,该评价指标体系是基于完善目前评价指标而研制的,目的在于提升基层服务质量,宜适用于过程管理。而实际工作中对基层的考核则应以已有的评价指标为主,该评价指标体系可以起参考作用。
本研究也存在一定的局限性,如暂未详细设置儿童健康管理人员对异常儿童识别能力相关指标,仅在生长发育评价中,要求管理人员对异常做出转诊意见和正确指导。将在后续研究中增加儿童健康管理人员对异常儿童识别能力相关指标。此外,本评价指标体系尚未进行实证研究,在后续研究中将继续加强试点研究,以进一步完善指标体系,尤其是个别指标内容的完整与赋分,并对评分参考值进行深入研究。
  • 贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2021-405号)
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2024年第51卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401037
  • 接收时间:2024-01-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-03
基金
贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2021-405号)
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    贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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