Article(id=1240929926531044155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402229, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707926400000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773790349847, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1717948800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773790349847, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773790349847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773790349847, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240929920461886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773790348400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827281389, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1975, endPage=1981, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240929926837228370, articleId=1240929926531044155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis on the current situation of food cooking style and dietary preferences of residents in southwest China and their correlation with body mass index, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To understand the correlation between food cooking methods, dietary preferences of residents in southwest China, and their body mass index (BMI), providing references for local residents’ nutritional health education and scientific dietary choices. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to survey 7 948 residents in Southwest China, and an unordered multinomial logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of BMI. Results The majority of residents in Southwest China preferred slightly spicy and light flavors, each accounting for 41.1%. The fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods (59.2%) and steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods (51.8%) were most frequently consumed by residents. In Southwest China, lower frequency of consuming fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods was associated with a decreased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=0.658, 95%CI: 0.559-0.775), similar results were found in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou. In Guizhou, lower frequency of consuming steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.411, 95%CI: 1.025-1.943). In Guizhou and Yunnan, preference for sour flavors was associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity (Guizhou: OR=0.512, 95%CI: 0.271-0.965; Yunnan: OR=0.475, 95%CI: 0.246-0.915). Conclusion Dietary preferences and food cooking methods vary among residents in Southwest China and are correlated with BMI. Sour flavors and high frequency of consuming steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods are protective factors against overweight and obesity, while frequent consumption of fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods is a risk factor. It is recommended to strengthen nutritional education and promote residents to make informed choices in dietary preferences and cooking methods to improve public nutrition and health.

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目的 了解西南地区居民烹饪方式和饮食口味及其与体质指数的相关性,为当地居民营养健康教育及科学饮食提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法对西南地区7 948名居民开展调查,无序多分类logistic回归模型分析体质指数的影响因素。结果 西南地区总体口味偏辛辣和清淡的居民占比最多,均占41.1%。以高频率食用炒、炝、爆制(59.2%)和蒸、煮、白灼、炖(51.8%)的食物的居民最多。从西南地区整体来看低频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物与超重肥胖发生风险降低有关(OR=0.658,95%CI:0.559~0.775),在川渝和贵州地区结果类似。贵州地区低频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖的食物与超重肥胖发生风险增加有关(OR=1.411,95%CI:1.025~1.943)。在贵州和云南,口味偏酸与超重肥胖发生风险降低有关(贵州:OR=0.512,95%CI:0.271~0.965;云南:OR=0.475,95%CI:0.246~0.915)。结论 西南地区居民饮食口味和食品烹饪方式存在地区差异,且与体质指数相关,口味偏酸和高频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物是超重肥胖的保护因素,而高频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物是超重肥胖的危险因素。后续应在西南地区加强营养科普宣传,提倡居民合理选择饮食口味和食品的烹饪方式,改善公众营养健康状况。

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赵勇,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=i6AEoR3Ex1j6ROM6aUy+dA==, magXml=B/Yr1jCrekr3t2Xh755U+Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=8/9LP/SJ600TidUQXoMXRg==, pdfFileSize=753641, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=nYWpKkS+2Etpyurr3ejoFg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

胡志川(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:人群营养

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3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心,重庆 400016
4.川渝区域性营养创新平台,重庆 400016, bio={"content":"

胡志川(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:人群营养

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胡志川(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:人群营养

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2.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心,重庆 400016
3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心,重庆 400016
4.川渝区域性营养创新平台,重庆 400016
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Research progress on Guizhou red sour soup[J]. Cereals & Oils, 2022, 35(6): 19-23., articleTitle=Research progress on Guizhou red sour soup, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240929932881219943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, awardId=CNS-SCP2020-34, language=CN, fundingSource=中国营养学会-科学普及与传播研究基金(CNS-SCP2020-34), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240929927617368963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927625757573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929927617368963, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927634146182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929927617368963, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆 400016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929927730615180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927743198094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929927730615180, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心,重庆 400016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929927810306967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927818695577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929927810306967, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心,重庆 400016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929927919358877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927944524704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929927919358877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.川渝区域性营养创新平台,重庆 400016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929928061965226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929928070353837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929928061965226, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.重庆市妇幼保健院(重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院))]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929928204571573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929928212960182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929928204571573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.重庆市九龙坡区疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929928313623484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, xref=7., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929928317817789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, companyId=1240929928313623484, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7.重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童营养与健康重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240929931899752719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of body mass index of residents in southwest China [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素消瘦正常体重超重肥胖χ2P
性别227(6.2)2 239(61.4)1 181(32.4)303.936<0.001
697(16.2)2 771(64.4)833(19.4)
年龄(岁)18~24588(21.9)1 771(66.1)322(12.0)783.993<0.001
25~44248(8.2)1 972(65.1)808(26.7)
45~5953(3.0)998(57.0)700(40.0)
60~7535(7.2)269(55.1)184(37.7)
民族汉族828(11.8)4 422(62.8)1 793(25.5)1.8590.395
其他96(10.6)588(65.0)221(24.4)
居住地重庆302(10.9)1 744(62.8)729(26.3)14.1850.028
四川181(11.5)1 041(66.0)356(22.6)
贵州285(12.9)1 353(61.4)564(25.6)
云南156(11.2)872(62.6)365(26.2)
城乡农村354(11.9)1 874(62.9)750(25.2)0.1350.935
城镇546(11.6)2 966(63.1)1 190(25.3)
职业工人172(7.6)1 409(62.3)681(30.1)465.804<0.001
白领251(9.7)1 646(63.5)696(26.8)
自由职业/退休100(7.8)740(57.5)447(34.7)
学生401(22.2)1 215(67.3)190(10.5)
受教育程度小学及以下43(5.1)469(55.4)335(39.6)383.799<0.001
初中96(6.0)939(59.1)553(34.8)
高中/中专/技校172(11.0)970(62.0)423(27.0)
大专149(12.3)802(66.0)265(21.8)
本科及以上449(17.2)1 748(66.8)419(16.0)
家庭月平均总收入(元)<3 000114(9.1)752(60.0)388(30.9)30.843<0.001
3 000~4 999238(12.0)1 267(63.9)477(24.1)
5 000~9 999301(12.6)1 507(63.2)575(24.1)
≥10 000252(11.5)1 407(64.1)535(24.4)
饮食口味清淡319(9.8)2 045(62.7)899(27.6)66.332<0.001
偏酸40(10.5)264(69.1)78(20.4)
偏甜72(17.6)254(62.3)82(20.1)
偏辛辣433(13.2)2 079(63.6)758(23.2)
偏咸60(9.6)368(58.9)197(31.5)
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率134(9.8)929(68.1)302(22.1)22.434<0.001
中等频率226(12.0)1 196(63.7)455(24.2)
高频率564(12.0)2 885(61.3)1 257(26.7)
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率134(11.0)775(63.4)313(25.6)12.1090.017
中等频率333(12.8)1 666(64.0)606(23.3)
高频率457(11.1)2 569(62.3)1 095(26.6)
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率328(9.1)2 233(62.1)1 033(28.7)67.515<0.001
中等频率338(13.9)1 561(64.2)532(21.9)
高频率258(13.4)1 214(63.2)448(23.3)
食用凉拌、生吃的食物频率低频率419(11.4)2 346(63.8)914(24.8)7.7150.103
中等频率314(12.5)1 589(63.0)619(24.5)
高频率191(10.9)1 073(61.5)481(27.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932000416025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

西南地区居民BMI现况的单因素分析[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素消瘦正常体重超重肥胖χ2P
性别227(6.2)2 239(61.4)1 181(32.4)303.936<0.001
697(16.2)2 771(64.4)833(19.4)
年龄(岁)18~24588(21.9)1 771(66.1)322(12.0)783.993<0.001
25~44248(8.2)1 972(65.1)808(26.7)
45~5953(3.0)998(57.0)700(40.0)
60~7535(7.2)269(55.1)184(37.7)
民族汉族828(11.8)4 422(62.8)1 793(25.5)1.8590.395
其他96(10.6)588(65.0)221(24.4)
居住地重庆302(10.9)1 744(62.8)729(26.3)14.1850.028
四川181(11.5)1 041(66.0)356(22.6)
贵州285(12.9)1 353(61.4)564(25.6)
云南156(11.2)872(62.6)365(26.2)
城乡农村354(11.9)1 874(62.9)750(25.2)0.1350.935
城镇546(11.6)2 966(63.1)1 190(25.3)
职业工人172(7.6)1 409(62.3)681(30.1)465.804<0.001
白领251(9.7)1 646(63.5)696(26.8)
自由职业/退休100(7.8)740(57.5)447(34.7)
学生401(22.2)1 215(67.3)190(10.5)
受教育程度小学及以下43(5.1)469(55.4)335(39.6)383.799<0.001
初中96(6.0)939(59.1)553(34.8)
高中/中专/技校172(11.0)970(62.0)423(27.0)
大专149(12.3)802(66.0)265(21.8)
本科及以上449(17.2)1 748(66.8)419(16.0)
家庭月平均总收入(元)<3 000114(9.1)752(60.0)388(30.9)30.843<0.001
3 000~4 999238(12.0)1 267(63.9)477(24.1)
5 000~9 999301(12.6)1 507(63.2)575(24.1)
≥10 000252(11.5)1 407(64.1)535(24.4)
饮食口味清淡319(9.8)2 045(62.7)899(27.6)66.332<0.001
偏酸40(10.5)264(69.1)78(20.4)
偏甜72(17.6)254(62.3)82(20.1)
偏辛辣433(13.2)2 079(63.6)758(23.2)
偏咸60(9.6)368(58.9)197(31.5)
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率134(9.8)929(68.1)302(22.1)22.434<0.001
中等频率226(12.0)1 196(63.7)455(24.2)
高频率564(12.0)2 885(61.3)1 257(26.7)
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率134(11.0)775(63.4)313(25.6)12.1090.017
中等频率333(12.8)1 666(64.0)606(23.3)
高频率457(11.1)2 569(62.3)1 095(26.6)
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率328(9.1)2 233(62.1)1 033(28.7)67.515<0.001
中等频率338(13.9)1 561(64.2)532(21.9)
高频率258(13.4)1 214(63.2)448(23.3)
食用凉拌、生吃的食物频率低频率419(11.4)2 346(63.8)914(24.8)7.7150.103
中等频率314(12.5)1 589(63.0)619(24.5)
高频率191(10.9)1 073(61.5)481(27.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932101079333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Dietary preferences and food cooking methods of residents in southwest China [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
口味和食品烹饪食用情况重庆四川贵州云南合计χ2P
饮食口味清淡1 256(45.3)707(44.8)836(38.0)464(33.3)3 263(41.1)122.393<0.001
偏酸99(3.6)59(3.7)110(5.0)114(8.2)382(4.8)
偏甜142(5.1)63(4.0)114(5.0)89(6.4)408(5.1)
偏辛辣1 036(37.3)634(40.2)987(44.8)613(44.0)3 270(41.1)
偏咸242(8.7)115(7.3)155(7.0)113(8.1)625(7.9)
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率492(17.7)241(15.3)408(18.5)224(16.1)1 365(17.2)14.4590.025
中等频率653(23.5)412(26.1)483(21.9)329(23.6)1 877(23.6)
高频率1 630(58.7)925(58.6)1 311(59.5)840(60.3)4 706(59.2)
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率457(16.5)244(15.5)351(15.9)170(12.2)1 222(15.4)60.581<0.001
中等频率934(33.7)557(35.3)743(33.7)371(26.6)2 605(32.8)
高频率1 384(49.9)777(49.2)1 108(50.3)852(61.2)4 121(51.8)
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率1 351(48.7)780(49.5)942(42.8)521(37.4)3 594(45.2)85.201<0.001
中等频率812(29.3)490(31.1)681(30.9)448(32.2)2 431(30.6)
高频率611(22.0)306(19.4)579(26.3)424(30.4)1 920(24.2)
食用凉拌、生吃的食物频率低频率1 393(50.2)748(47.4)984(44.7)554(39.8)3 679(46.3)62.630<0.001
中等频率833(30.0)528(33.5)708(32.2)453(32.5)2 522(31.7)
高频率548(19.8)301(19.1)510(23.2)386(27.7)1 745(22.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932243685679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

西南地区居民饮食口味和食品烹饪方式情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
口味和食品烹饪食用情况重庆四川贵州云南合计χ2P
饮食口味清淡1 256(45.3)707(44.8)836(38.0)464(33.3)3 263(41.1)122.393<0.001
偏酸99(3.6)59(3.7)110(5.0)114(8.2)382(4.8)
偏甜142(5.1)63(4.0)114(5.0)89(6.4)408(5.1)
偏辛辣1 036(37.3)634(40.2)987(44.8)613(44.0)3 270(41.1)
偏咸242(8.7)115(7.3)155(7.0)113(8.1)625(7.9)
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率492(17.7)241(15.3)408(18.5)224(16.1)1 365(17.2)14.4590.025
中等频率653(23.5)412(26.1)483(21.9)329(23.6)1 877(23.6)
高频率1 630(58.7)925(58.6)1 311(59.5)840(60.3)4 706(59.2)
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率457(16.5)244(15.5)351(15.9)170(12.2)1 222(15.4)60.581<0.001
中等频率934(33.7)557(35.3)743(33.7)371(26.6)2 605(32.8)
高频率1 384(49.9)777(49.2)1 108(50.3)852(61.2)4 121(51.8)
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率1 351(48.7)780(49.5)942(42.8)521(37.4)3 594(45.2)85.201<0.001
中等频率812(29.3)490(31.1)681(30.9)448(32.2)2 431(30.6)
高频率611(22.0)306(19.4)579(26.3)424(30.4)1 920(24.2)
食用凉拌、生吃的食物频率低频率1 393(50.2)748(47.4)984(44.7)554(39.8)3 679(46.3)62.630<0.001
中等频率833(30.0)528(33.5)708(32.2)453(32.5)2 522(31.7)
高频率548(19.8)301(19.1)510(23.2)386(27.7)1 745(22.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932365320506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Unordered multinomial Logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of body mass index among residents in southwest China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量消瘦超重肥胖
βWaldPOR值(95%CIβWaldPOR值(95%CI
饮食口味清淡0.1070.4260.5141.113(0.807~1.535)-0.1893.3080.0690.828(0.675~1.015)
偏酸-0.2761.4310.2320.759(0.483~1.193)-0.2792.8400.0920.756(0.547~1.047)
偏甜0.2982.0820.1491.347(0.899~2.020)-0.2171.7410.1870.805(0.584~1.111)
偏辛辣-0.0190.0140.9070.981(0.717~1.344)-0.1241.3990.2370.883(0.719~1.085)
偏咸
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率-0.1762.2480.1340.839(0.666~1.056)-0.41825.255<0.0010.658(0.559~0.775)
中等频率-0.00100.9900.999(0.824~1.210)-0.1604.9600.0260.852(0.740~0.981)
高频率
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率0.0230.0390.8441.024(0.811~1.293)0.0490.3370.5621.050(0.890~1.239)
中等频率0.0320.1270.7211.032(0.867~1.229)-0.0550.6950.4050.946(0.831~1.077)
高频率
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率-0.0370.1230.7260.964(0.785~1.183)0.1112.0500.1521.117(0.960~1.300)
中等频率0.1451.9950.1581.156(0.945~1.413)-0.0200.0610.8050.980(0.833~1.152)
高频率
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932478566729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

西南地区居民BMI影响因素的无序多分类logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量消瘦超重肥胖
βWaldPOR值(95%CIβWaldPOR值(95%CI
饮食口味清淡0.1070.4260.5141.113(0.807~1.535)-0.1893.3080.0690.828(0.675~1.015)
偏酸-0.2761.4310.2320.759(0.483~1.193)-0.2792.8400.0920.756(0.547~1.047)
偏甜0.2982.0820.1491.347(0.899~2.020)-0.2171.7410.1870.805(0.584~1.111)
偏辛辣-0.0190.0140.9070.981(0.717~1.344)-0.1241.3990.2370.883(0.719~1.085)
偏咸
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率-0.1762.2480.1340.839(0.666~1.056)-0.41825.255<0.0010.658(0.559~0.775)
中等频率-0.00100.9900.999(0.824~1.210)-0.1604.9600.0260.852(0.740~0.981)
高频率
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率0.0230.0390.8441.024(0.811~1.293)0.0490.3370.5621.050(0.890~1.239)
中等频率0.0320.1270.7211.032(0.867~1.229)-0.0550.6950.4050.946(0.831~1.077)
高频率
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率-0.0370.1230.7260.964(0.785~1.183)0.1112.0500.1521.117(0.960~1.300)
中等频率0.1451.9950.1581.156(0.945~1.413)-0.0200.0610.8050.980(0.833~1.152)
高频率
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932633755986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Unordered multinomial Logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of BMI of residents in Sichuan-Chongqing, Guizhou, and Yunnan regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量川渝地区贵州云南
消瘦超重肥胖消瘦超重肥胖消瘦超重肥胖
饮食口味清淡1.132(0.731~1.754)0.939(0.713~1.239)1.130(0.576~2.217)0.763(0.511~1.141)0.924(0.448~1.909)0.629(0.386~1.026)
偏酸1.190(0.630~2.250)1.170(0.724~1.889)0.176(0.053~0.586)**0.512(0.271~0.965)*0.896(0.382~2.101)0.475(0.246~0.915)*
偏甜1.729(0.994~3.010)0.943(0.596~1.493)1.018(0.440~2.355)0.633(0.341~1.176)1.032(0.421~2.527)0.733(0.368~1.462)
偏辛辣1.194(0.780~1.827)1.008(0.759~1.338)0.886(0.453~1.733)0.818(0.548~1.219)0.637(0.314~1.290)0.697(0.433~1.121)
偏咸
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率0.735(0.523~1.031)0.741(0.596~0.921)**0.865(0.580~1.290)0.408(0.294~0.567)**1.023(0.577~1.813)0.909(0.608~1.360)
中等频率1.176(0.908~1.523)0.905(0.747~1.096)0.759(0.526~1.097)0.639(0.483~0.845)**0.846(0.513~1.394)1.047(0.751~1.462)
高频率
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率1.122(0.822~1.533)1.011(0.811~1.260)0.822(0.519~1.300)1.411(1.025~1.943)*1.152(0.643~2.063)0.783(0.503~1.220)
中等频率1.082(0.850~1.378)0.857(0.717~1.024)1.008(0.734~1.383)1.187(0.928~1.518)0.947(0.601~1.490)0.892(0.652~1.221)
高频率
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率0.931(0.699~1.241)1.044(0.841~1.295)1.005(0.691~1.460)1.350(1.017~1.792)*1.007(0.604~1.678)1.044(0.742~1.470)
中等频率1.168(0.877~1.557)0.971(0.767~1.229)1.160(0.805~1.670)1.038(0.767~1.405)1.067(0.665~1.713)0.923(0.651~1.307)
高频率
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932759585114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926531044155, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

川渝、贵州、云南地区居民BMI影响因素的无序多分类logistic回归分析[OR值(95CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量川渝地区贵州云南
消瘦超重肥胖消瘦超重肥胖消瘦超重肥胖
饮食口味清淡1.132(0.731~1.754)0.939(0.713~1.239)1.130(0.576~2.217)0.763(0.511~1.141)0.924(0.448~1.909)0.629(0.386~1.026)
偏酸1.190(0.630~2.250)1.170(0.724~1.889)0.176(0.053~0.586)**0.512(0.271~0.965)*0.896(0.382~2.101)0.475(0.246~0.915)*
偏甜1.729(0.994~3.010)0.943(0.596~1.493)1.018(0.440~2.355)0.633(0.341~1.176)1.032(0.421~2.527)0.733(0.368~1.462)
偏辛辣1.194(0.780~1.827)1.008(0.759~1.338)0.886(0.453~1.733)0.818(0.548~1.219)0.637(0.314~1.290)0.697(0.433~1.121)
偏咸
食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)频率低频率0.735(0.523~1.031)0.741(0.596~0.921)**0.865(0.580~1.290)0.408(0.294~0.567)**1.023(0.577~1.813)0.909(0.608~1.360)
中等频率1.176(0.908~1.523)0.905(0.747~1.096)0.759(0.526~1.097)0.639(0.483~0.845)**0.846(0.513~1.394)1.047(0.751~1.462)
高频率
食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物频率低频率1.122(0.822~1.533)1.011(0.811~1.260)0.822(0.519~1.300)1.411(1.025~1.943)*1.152(0.643~2.063)0.783(0.503~1.220)
中等频率1.082(0.850~1.378)0.857(0.717~1.024)1.008(0.734~1.383)1.187(0.928~1.518)0.947(0.601~1.490)0.892(0.652~1.221)
高频率
食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低频率0.931(0.699~1.241)1.044(0.841~1.295)1.005(0.691~1.460)1.350(1.017~1.792)*1.007(0.604~1.678)1.044(0.742~1.470)
中等频率1.168(0.877~1.557)0.971(0.767~1.229)1.160(0.805~1.670)1.038(0.767~1.405)1.067(0.665~1.713)0.923(0.651~1.307)
高频率
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西南地区居民食品烹饪方式和饮食口味现况及其与体质指数的相关性分析
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胡志川 1, 2, 3, 4 , 徐旗 1, 2, 3, 4 , 姜科 1, 2, 3, 4 , 李升平 5 , 苏雨 6 , 赵勇 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(11): 1975-1981
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(11): 1975-1981
西南地区居民食品烹饪方式和饮食口味现况及其与体质指数的相关性分析
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胡志川1, 2, 3, 4, 徐旗1, 2, 3, 4, 姜科1, 2, 3, 4, 李升平5, 苏雨6, 赵勇1, 2, 3, 4, 7
作者信息
  • 1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆 400016
  • 2.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心,重庆 400016
  • 3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心,重庆 400016
  • 4.川渝区域性营养创新平台,重庆 400016
  • 5.重庆市妇幼保健院(重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院)
  • 6.重庆市九龙坡区疾病预防控制中心
  • 7.重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童营养与健康重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014
  • 胡志川(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:人群营养

通讯作者:

赵勇,E-mail:
Analysis on the current situation of food cooking style and dietary preferences of residents in southwest China and their correlation with body mass index
Zhi-chuan HU1, 2, 3, 4, Qi XU1, 2, 3, 4, Ke JIANG1, 2, 3, 4, Sheng-ping LI5, Yu SU6, Yong ZHAO1, 2, 3, 4, 7
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
出版时间: 2024-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402229
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目的 了解西南地区居民烹饪方式和饮食口味及其与体质指数的相关性,为当地居民营养健康教育及科学饮食提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法对西南地区7 948名居民开展调查,无序多分类logistic回归模型分析体质指数的影响因素。结果 西南地区总体口味偏辛辣和清淡的居民占比最多,均占41.1%。以高频率食用炒、炝、爆制(59.2%)和蒸、煮、白灼、炖(51.8%)的食物的居民最多。从西南地区整体来看低频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物与超重肥胖发生风险降低有关(OR=0.658,95%CI:0.559~0.775),在川渝和贵州地区结果类似。贵州地区低频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖的食物与超重肥胖发生风险增加有关(OR=1.411,95%CI:1.025~1.943)。在贵州和云南,口味偏酸与超重肥胖发生风险降低有关(贵州:OR=0.512,95%CI:0.271~0.965;云南:OR=0.475,95%CI:0.246~0.915)。结论 西南地区居民饮食口味和食品烹饪方式存在地区差异,且与体质指数相关,口味偏酸和高频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物是超重肥胖的保护因素,而高频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物是超重肥胖的危险因素。后续应在西南地区加强营养科普宣传,提倡居民合理选择饮食口味和食品的烹饪方式,改善公众营养健康状况。

烹饪  /  饮食口味  /  体质指数

Objective To understand the correlation between food cooking methods, dietary preferences of residents in southwest China, and their body mass index (BMI), providing references for local residents’ nutritional health education and scientific dietary choices. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to survey 7 948 residents in Southwest China, and an unordered multinomial logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of BMI. Results The majority of residents in Southwest China preferred slightly spicy and light flavors, each accounting for 41.1%. The fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods (59.2%) and steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods (51.8%) were most frequently consumed by residents. In Southwest China, lower frequency of consuming fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods was associated with a decreased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=0.658, 95%CI: 0.559-0.775), similar results were found in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou. In Guizhou, lower frequency of consuming steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.411, 95%CI: 1.025-1.943). In Guizhou and Yunnan, preference for sour flavors was associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity (Guizhou: OR=0.512, 95%CI: 0.271-0.965; Yunnan: OR=0.475, 95%CI: 0.246-0.915). Conclusion Dietary preferences and food cooking methods vary among residents in Southwest China and are correlated with BMI. Sour flavors and high frequency of consuming steamed, boiled, blanched, stewed foods are protective factors against overweight and obesity, while frequent consumption of fried, sautéed, and stir-fried foods is a risk factor. It is recommended to strengthen nutritional education and promote residents to make informed choices in dietary preferences and cooking methods to improve public nutrition and health.

Cooking  /  Dietary preferences  /  Body mass index
胡志川, 徐旗, 姜科, 李升平, 苏雨, 赵勇. 西南地区居民食品烹饪方式和饮食口味现况及其与体质指数的相关性分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (11) : 1975 -1981 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402229
Zhi-chuan HU, Qi XU, Ke JIANG, Sheng-ping LI, Yu SU, Yong ZHAO. Analysis on the current situation of food cooking style and dietary preferences of residents in southwest China and their correlation with body mass index[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (11) : 1975 -1981 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402229
国民营养状况是健康的基础和社会发展的动力[1]。根据《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》,我国慢性病防控和营养改善工作取得积极进展和明显成效,但膳食脂肪供能比持续上升,家庭人均每日烹调用盐和用油量仍远高于推荐值,超过一半的成年居民超重或肥胖(50.7%),营养问题依然形势严峻[2]。肥胖已成为一种全球性“流行病”,全球人口的平均体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)正逐渐增加[3],而肥胖与饮食行为密接相关,食物制备的知识、技能会影响食物摄入量和体重[4]
2017年,国务院办公厅印发的《国民营养计划(2017—2023)》中明确提出“加强对传统烹饪方式的营养化改造,研发健康烹饪模式”的要求[5]。我国西南地区以炒、煎、烧、煸和麻辣为特色,饮食习惯爱辣、喜酸、偏好复合味[6],重口味食物往往重油、重盐、高热量[6],过量摄入油盐糖是多种慢性病的危险因素[7]。不良饮食行为会引发肥胖、心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压、癌症等慢性疾病的发生[8-9]
目前我国在食品烹饪方式和饮食口味方面的调查研究较少,食品烹饪方式相关研究多为烹饪方式对食品营养成分改变的研究,而饮食口味的调查更多是基于大数据分析,对居民个体的调查研究较少。因此本研究旨在了解西南地区居民各类烹饪方式和饮食口味情况,以及其对体质指数的影响,为西南地区居民营养健康教育及科学饮食提供参考。
调查对象为我国四川省、云南省、贵州省和重庆市18~75岁成年人。纳入标准:(1)年龄18~75岁;(2)本地居住时间至少3年;(3)理解问卷内容。排除标准:(1)知情同意后不愿意配合本次调查;(2)精神和认知障碍。本项目调查对象在调查开始前签署知情同意书,并通过重庆医科大学伦理审查,伦理批准号[2021041][10]
参考中国营养学会科学普及与传播研究专家组问卷,并添加西南地区饮食条目,经营养学和健康行为学专家的修改建议设计完成。调查内容包括:(1)基本人口学信息:性别、年龄、居住地、民族、文化程度等[10];(2)食品烹饪方式和饮食口味:不同烹饪方式食品食用频率、饮食口味[10]
调查员经调查前统一线上培训,经考核合格后上岗。采用纸质版问卷进行调查,完成调查后开展全面自查。由调查员逐一回收问卷至重庆医科大学,由项目负责人审核,剔除无效问卷后录入[10]
根据题项设置,饮食口味部分1道题,赋值情况:1=清淡;2=偏酸;3=偏甜;4=偏辛辣;5=偏咸。食品烹饪方式共设置4道题,赋值情况相同:1=低频率;2=中等频率;3=高频率。BMI赋值情况:1=消瘦;2=正常体重;3=超重肥胖。
使用EpiData 3.1进行数据录入,所有统计学分析均使用SPSS 21.0软件完成。BMI根据问卷中居民自报身高、体重计算,BMI=体重(kg)/身高的二次方(m2),根据《中国居民肥胖防治专家共识》[11]及《成人体重判定(WS/T 428-2013)》[12]将BMI分类如下:(1)消瘦:BMI<18.5 kg/m2;(2)正常体重:18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24 kg/m2;(3)超重:24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2;(4)肥胖:BMI≥28 kg/m2,本研究将超重、肥胖合并分析。采用频数和百分比进行描述性分析。首先利用χ2检验进行单因素检验,剔除未通过显著性检验的变量。将通过显著性检验的变量纳入无序多分类logistic回归模型进行分析。检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查共纳入7 948名调查对象,平均年龄为35.49岁,其中男性占45.9%,稍低于女性。居住在重庆、四川、贵州、云南的人分别占比34.9%、19.9%、27.7%、17.5%。居住在城镇、受教育程度为本科及以上、家庭月平均总收入(元)在5 000~9 999之间的调查对象占比更高。BMI为消瘦和超重肥胖的人分别占比11.6%和25.3%。见表1
西南地区居民中男性超重肥胖者占比32.4%,高于女性。从年龄来看,18~25岁的人群消瘦者占比最高,为21.9%,45~60岁的居民超重肥胖率最高,为40.0%。职业为自由职业/退休、受教育程度小学及以下、月收入<3 000元、饮食口味偏咸等类别的居民超重肥胖者占比最高。见表1
整体上重庆市居民口味清淡的占比更高,占45.3%。云南省的居民口味偏酸的占比最高,为8.2%。口味偏甜和偏咸的居民比例分别为5.1%和7.9%。西南地区口味偏辛辣的居民占比41.1%,偏辛辣口味占比最高的地区是贵州省,为44.8%。见表2
西南地区居民高频率食用炒、炝、爆制食物(如炒菜)的人占59.2%,其中云南省居民高频率食用炒、炝、爆制食物(如炒菜)的人占比最高,为60.3%。云南省居民高频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)食物的人占比最高,为61.2%。西南地区低频率食用煎、炸、烤食物的人占45.2%,食用煎、炸、烤食物频率最低的地区为重庆市,占48.7%。西南地区低频率食用凉拌、生吃食物的人占比46.3%。见表2
结果显示,在超重肥胖组中,以高频率为对照,低频率和中等频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)与超重肥胖风险降低有关。见表3
在川渝地区,以高频率为对照,低频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)与超重肥胖风险降低有关。在贵州地区超重肥胖组中,以饮食口味偏咸为对照,口味偏酸与超重肥胖风险降低有关;以高频率为对照,低频率和中等频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)与超重肥胖风险降低有关,低频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物与超重肥胖风险增加有关,低频率食用煎、炸、烤的食物也与超重肥胖风险增加有关。在云南地区,以饮食口味偏咸为对照,口味偏酸与超重肥胖风险降低有关。见表4
我国不同地区饮食存在着明显的口味偏好,山西对酸味偏好最高,广东对甜味偏好最高,东南沿海地区偏好清淡口味,我国西部地区普遍嗜辣[13]。本研究中,西南地区居民饮食口味以偏辛辣和清淡为主,生活在中国西南地区的人们对辣椒尤为喜爱[14]。此前的研究表明,辛辣食物偏好可以减少糖尿病引起的死亡率,膳食类型和偏好可影响能量摄入和代谢机制[15],辛辣食物的摄入可能对高血压有益处[16]。也有研究认为辣食摄入与肥胖风险增加有关[17]。此外,西南地区居民中,饮食口味清淡的人群占比与偏辛辣的人相当,可能是因为全民健康生活方式行动中“三减三健”专项行动的开展[18],提高了公众的营养健康认知。贵州和云南地区口味偏酸的居民占比超过川渝地区,极富地方性特色的酸食,构成了独特的地域饮食文化[19]。重庆地区的居民偏咸口味的人最多,这可能是因为火锅已经成为重庆人生活的一部分[20],且重庆小面、江湖菜与重庆地区居民生活紧密相融,这些食物普遍重油重盐。
蒸煮、油炸和烧烤是世界上最流行的烹饪方法[21],使用不同烹饪方式加工的食物,在营养成分上也会产生较大差异,这对健康饮食至关重要[22]。有研究表明“蒸、炒、炸、烧”是中国最主要的烹饪方法,蒸在陕西、云南、天津等十个省市应用频率最高,黑龙江、北京及山东炸居于首位,辽宁、四川、上海地区烧应用更加广泛,广东炒排名第一[23]。另一项基于华东地区的调查研究表明,该地区居民在家或者在外就餐时总体上相对偏好“炒、煮、炖、蒸”等方式制作的食物,居民日常烹饪方式以水基质为主[24]。本研究中,西南地区居民高频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)和蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的人较多,高频率食用煎、炸、烤的食物的居民较少,反映较多居民能够掌握良好的烹调方式。长时间爆炒会导致维生素C大量流失[25],清蒸、慢炖等少油、低温的烹饪手法不仅能保留食材的原汁原味,还能减少污染物的产生和废气的排放,尽可能保持食物本身的口感和营养[26]。因此应加强营养科普宣传,引导居民根据不同食材的特性选择科学合理的烹饪方式[24]
从西南地区整体情况来看,低频率和中等频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)的食物与超重肥胖风险降低有关,该现象在川渝地区和贵州地区均存在。炒、炝、爆制的食物普遍使用的植物油含有较高的饱和脂肪酸,摄入过多会增加患心脑血管疾病的风险。此外,过多的油脂也会影响人体的血脂、血糖等指标的平衡。追求菜品的香气、咸鲜、酸甜、麻辣等特色,这意味着菜品会使用较多的油脂、糖分、盐和调味料[26]。高频率的食用可能意味着摄入更多的脂肪,导致更高的超重肥胖风险。
在贵州地区,低频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物与超重肥胖风险增加有关,蒸煮是一种健康烹饪方式,有助于保持食物的营养价值[27],蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物在烹饪过程中所需的油脂更少,而食用频率低可能导致摄入其他能量更高的烹饪方式的食物更多,从而增加超重肥胖风险。我们还发现贵州地区食用食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率低也与超重肥胖风险增加有关,由于饮食和运动相结合的控制措施最有利于超重肥胖人群[28],因此该现象可能是因为超重肥胖人群控制饮食,减少高能量食物摄入,降低了食用煎、炸、烤的食物频率。
在贵州和云南地区还发现相较于口味偏咸,口味偏酸的居民超重肥胖的风险更低,重盐往往伴随着重油,膳食模式中油盐模式是腹型肥胖的危险膳食模式[29],而贵州地区的酸汤具有维持肠道健康、预防消化道疾病等功能[30],因此口味偏酸的人群可能在饮食中摄入油脂更少,消化道疾病更少,从而降低超重肥胖风险。
本研究提示口味偏酸和高频率食用蒸、煮、白灼、炖(煨)的食物是超重肥胖的保护因素,而高频率食用炒、炝、爆制的食物(如炒菜)是超重肥胖的危险因素。因此应当提倡居民合理选择饮食口味和食品的烹饪方式,加强营养科普宣传,改善公众营养健康状况。
首先,本研究采用方便抽样方法,对调查对象代表性有影响。其次,本次调查纳入的研究对象为重庆、四川、云南、贵州四地区居民,各地区调查数量未做到完全均衡。然后,本次调查为横断面调查,无法进行因果推断,将来有必要开展纵向研究,确认因果关系。最后,居民的食品烹饪方式和饮食口味的调查方式均为居民主观判断,可能会导致存在一定的偏倚。
  • 中国营养学会-科学普及与传播研究基金(CNS-SCP2020-34)
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2024年第51卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402229
  • 接收时间:2024-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-15
基金
中国营养学会-科学普及与传播研究基金(CNS-SCP2020-34)
作者信息
    1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆 400016
    2.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心,重庆 400016
    3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心,重庆 400016
    4.川渝区域性营养创新平台,重庆 400016
    5.重庆市妇幼保健院(重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院)
    6.重庆市九龙坡区疾病预防控制中心
    7.重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童营养与健康重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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