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Article(id=1240929926115808037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312153, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702310400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773790349749, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1717948800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773790349749, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773790349749, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773790349749, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240929920461886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773790348400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827281389, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1956, endPage=1961, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240929926531044156, articleId=1240929926115808037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of pollution characteristics and influencing factors of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in indoor dust, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the pollution level and spatiotemporal characteristics of indoor dust di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) in daily life and the influencing factors of potential family environment and personal living habits, providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of DEHP pollution in indoor dust. Methods Considering the factors of climate, economy and pollution level, household dust samples were collected and investigated in 9 typical cities of Lanzhou, Luoyang, Panjin,Mianyang, Qingdao, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Wuxi, and Xi’an. DEHP content in the treated dust samples was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was employed to examine differences in DEHP levels across various seasons, dominant wind directions, types of home decoration, and living habits. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors influencing DEHP content in indoor dust. Results DEHP levels in indoor dust varied significantly with season and dominant wind direction in some cities (P<0.05). Specifically, Luoyang and Mianyang exhibited higher DEHP levels during the heating season compared to other periods, while Shenzhen and Shijiazhuang showed lower levels during the heating season (P<0.05). In Mianyang, the upwind areas had significantly higher DEHP levels than the downwind areas (P<0.05). Factors influencing household dust DEHP levels included PM2.5 (β=0.003, 95%CI: 0.001-0.005), PM10 (β=-0.003,95%CI: -0.005 to -0. 001), formaldehyde (β=3.626, 95%CI: 0.195-7.057), and per capita GDP (β=-0.072, 95%CI: 0.050-0.095). Conclusion DEHP is commonly found in indoor dust in daily life. Seasonal variations and wind direction affect its levels in different cities, though no consistent pattern of pollution characteristics is observed across the cities. Additionally,DEHP content in indoor dust may be influenced by temperature, PM10, xylene, computer use, carpet use, and indoor plant cultivation..

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目的 探索日常生活中居室积尘邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的污染水平、时空污染特征和潜在的家庭环境及个人生活习惯的影响因素，为防控居室积尘DEHP污染提供科学依据。方法 综合考虑气候、经济和污染水平多方面因素，对兰州、洛阳、盘锦、绵阳、青岛、深圳、石家庄、无锡和西安9个典型城市开展入户积尘采样并进行问卷调查，应用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对经过处理后的积尘样本中DEHP含量进行检测；应用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析不同季节、不同主导风向、不同装修和不同生活习惯之间的差异；运用多重线性回归对居室积尘DEHP含量进行影响因素分析。结果 部分城市居室积尘DEHP存在季节和主导风向差异，洛阳和绵阳居室积尘DEHP含量为非采暖季高于采暖季（P<0.05），而深圳和石家庄积尘中DEHP含量为非采暖季低于采暖季（P<0.05）。且绵阳上风向区居室积尘DEHP含量显著高于下风向区（P<0.05）。影响因素分析中发现居室积尘DEHP含量主要与PM2.5（β=0.003，95%CI：0.001～0.005）、PM10（β=-0.003，95%CI：-0.005～-0.001）、甲醛（β=3.626，95%CI：0.195～7.057）和人均GDP（β=-0.072，95%CI：0.050～0.095）相关。结论 日常生活中，DEHP普遍存在于居室积尘中，不同城市的家庭中存在一定非采暖、采暖季及上下风向区域之间差异，但各城市间并未发现一致的污染特征。此外，居室积尘DEHP含量可能与温度、PM10、二甲苯、使用电脑、使用地毯、种植花草和使用净水设备等因素相关。

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王先良，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ar1d2h+03yTz2B5iDVVDVA==, magXml=lR9oMPB+m0kc/yrMEhosIg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=jobsYOCbCcdsz3iQzlc10Q==, pdfFileSize=905650, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8Ot7KfV6setZrT0lI4H9TA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=23TAOLOp+mOavX1LzPjojA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张文颖（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：室内环境与健康

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张文颖（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：室内环境与健康

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张文颖（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：室内环境与健康

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Pollution characteristics and exposure risks of PAEs in PM2.5 of indoor environment on university campus[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2021, 34(10): 2525-2535., articleTitle=Pollution characteristics and exposure risks of PAEs in PM2.5 of indoor environment on university campus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929939374002900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=2125, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Ali N, Alhakamy NA, Ismail IMI, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ali N, Alhakamy NA, Ismail IMI, et al. Exposure to phthalate and organophosphate esters via indoor dust and PM10 is a cause of concern for the exposed saudi population[J]. 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Chemosphere, 2023, 345: 140474., articleTitle=Effect of particle size and environmental conditions on the release of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from microplastics, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240929936341520959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, awardId=21976169, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(21976169), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240929936408629827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, awardId=2023FY100603, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY100603), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240929936467350087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=典型城市室内环境健康影响调查与防护措施效果评估（中央财政专项）, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240929927759975313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927764169618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, companyId=1240929927759975313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Environment and Health-related Products, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927772558227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, companyId=1240929927759975313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所，北京 100021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929927940330399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927948719009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, companyId=1240929927940330399, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.兰州大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240929935523631633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Comparison of indoor dust DEHP pollution levels in different wind direction areas and different seasons, figureFileSmall=pLWnNNT9ThwnRcm9FrX7jg==, figureFileBig=8Ot7KfV6setZrT0lI4H9TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929935615906330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=CN, label=图1, caption=居室积尘DEHP污染水平的上、下风向区和非采暖、采暖季比较

注：*代表P<0.05；**代表P<0.001；由于意外中断，来自无锡、西安、青岛的粉尘样品仅在采暖季节采集，来自盘锦的粉尘样品仅在非采暖季节采集，西安的积尘样品仅在下风向区采集。

, figureFileSmall=pLWnNNT9ThwnRcm9FrX7jg==, figureFileBig=8Ot7KfV6setZrT0lI4H9TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929935775289892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The pollution level of indoor dust DEHP (μg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市N M s MinP25P50P75Max
兰州40109.385178.06914.61432.19058.846105.6221 074.694
洛阳40156.829506.8263.24012.12614.24334.4882 452.158
绵阳30130.608181.5132.80811.75447.008188.290561.020
盘锦14432.611643.87031.75548.595151.736483.4982 078.536
青岛8435.935616.90427.30561.208163.338640.2871 851.021
深圳341 127.4641 778.7890.82964.908449.682940.6517 168.412
石家庄4040.78238.8420.25015.44725.98656.799207.123
无锡2038.237103.8459.53310.04012.62620.170478.357
西安20202.568329.73541.14078.500111.573203.9901 574.907
总计2462 674.4194 378.393131.474334.7681 035.0382 673.79517 446.228
), ArticleFig(id=1240929935867564584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

居室积尘中DEHP污染水平概况（μg/g）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市N M s MinP25P50P75Max
兰州40109.385178.06914.61432.19058.846105.6221 074.694
洛阳40156.829506.8263.24012.12614.24334.4882 452.158
绵阳30130.608181.5132.80811.75447.008188.290561.020
盘锦14432.611643.87031.75548.595151.736483.4982 078.536
青岛8435.935616.90427.30561.208163.338640.2871 851.021
深圳341 127.4641 778.7890.82964.908449.682940.6517 168.412
石家庄4040.78238.8420.25015.44725.98656.799207.123
无锡2038.237103.8459.53310.04012.62620.170478.357
西安20202.568329.73541.14078.500111.573203.9901 574.907
总计2462 674.4194 378.393131.474334.7681 035.0382 673.79517 446.228
), ArticleFig(id=1240929935959839277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of the DEHP content of indoor dust accumulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素非采暖季采暖季
nIQRZ/HP值nIQRZ/HP值
装修
房屋近五年是否装修
否60167.269-1.2870.198102128.590-0.9780.328
是36220.6444198.791
一年内是否购买新家具
否79163.764-0.1530.60811493.949-1.4860.137
是17328.92629292.939
家里是否有电视
否330.120-0.9160.360826.135-1.6510.099
是93215.256135141.668
家里是否有电脑
否2077.811-1.9130.0563251.260-2.4700.014*
是76226.424111181.088
家里是否有地毯
否87158.135-2.7970.005*135123.611-0.6590.510
是91 473.557886.594
生活习惯
室内是否种植花草
否21287.810-1.2190.2234151.163-2.4820.013*
是75197.650102167.047
室内是否燃香
否88197.346-0.3310.740130113.783-0.1540.877
是8323.64113462.230
室内是否使用加湿器
否78189.244-2.0930.036*117134.695-0.1670.867
是18252.5822693.572
是否经常做饭
否12201.836-0.2440.8071677.142-0.7430.458
是84196.189127141.668
房间内是否使用空气净化器
否75153.452-0.0750.940111107.750-0.7940.427
是21431.50332144.841
家中是否使用净水设备
否55103.847-1.9810.048*8487.584-1.8490.064
是41472.28259176.168
经济水平
人均GDP（万元）
<517672.4345.9380.05125819.18854.618<0.001*
5～1069101.9388569.355
>1015397.8243515.380
), ArticleFig(id=1240929936064696887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

影响居室积尘DEHP含量的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素非采暖季采暖季
nIQRZ/HP值nIQRZ/HP值
装修
房屋近五年是否装修
否60167.269-1.2870.198102128.590-0.9780.328
是36220.6444198.791
一年内是否购买新家具
否79163.764-0.1530.60811493.949-1.4860.137
是17328.92629292.939
家里是否有电视
否330.120-0.9160.360826.135-1.6510.099
是93215.256135141.668
家里是否有电脑
否2077.811-1.9130.0563251.260-2.4700.014*
是76226.424111181.088
家里是否有地毯
否87158.135-2.7970.005*135123.611-0.6590.510
是91 473.557886.594
生活习惯
室内是否种植花草
否21287.810-1.2190.2234151.163-2.4820.013*
是75197.650102167.047
室内是否燃香
否88197.346-0.3310.740130113.783-0.1540.877
是8323.64113462.230
室内是否使用加湿器
否78189.244-2.0930.036*117134.695-0.1670.867
是18252.5822693.572
是否经常做饭
否12201.836-0.2440.8071677.142-0.7430.458
是84196.189127141.668
房间内是否使用空气净化器
否75153.452-0.0750.940111107.750-0.7940.427
是21431.50332144.841
家中是否使用净水设备
否55103.847-1.9810.048*8487.584-1.8490.064
是41472.28259176.168
经济水平
人均GDP（万元）
<517672.4345.9380.05125819.18854.618<0.001*
5～1069101.9388569.355
>1015397.8243515.380
), ArticleFig(id=1240929936152777275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of indoor dust DEHP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素β值(95%CI) t值P值VIF
家里是否有电脑0.009(-0.248～0.267)0.1300.0720.9421.662
家里是否有地毯0.203(-0.143～0.55)0.1761.1570.2491.140
室内是否种植花草0.049(-0.165～0.262)0.1080.4490.6541.237
家中是否使用净水设备-0.027(-0.228～0.174)0.102-0.2650.7911.467
温度（℃）0.001(-0.016～0.019)0.0090.1250.9011.625
湿度（%）-0.001(-0.008～0.006)0.003-0.3040.7611.304
PM2.5（g/m3）0.003(0.001～0.005)0.0012.8290.005*6.586
PM10（μg/m3）-0.003(-0.005～-0.001)0.001-3.1280.002*6.390
CO（mg/m3）-0.031(-0.101～0.039)0.036-0.8770.3811.219
CO2（%）0.077(-0.736～0.890)0.4120.1860.8521.933
NO2（mg/m3）0.227(-2.214～2.669)1.2380.1840.8541.192
甲醛（mg/m3）3.626(0.195～7.057)1.7392.0850.038*1.373
苯（mg/m3）-1.307(-19.636～17.023)9.291-0.1410.8881.465
甲苯（mg/m3）-0.04(-0.154～0.075)0.058-0.6790.4981.071
二甲苯（mg/m3）-4.142(-9.849～1.564)2.893-1.4320.1541.355
菌落总数（cfu/m3）0(0～0)00.5620.5751.511
真菌总数（cfu/m3）0(0～0)00.1140.9091.659
人均GDP（万元）0.072(0.050～0.095)0.0116.339<0.001*1.990
), ArticleFig(id=1240929936245051963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929926115808037, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

居室积尘DEHP含量的多重线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素β值(95%CI) t值P值VIF
家里是否有电脑0.009(-0.248～0.267)0.1300.0720.9421.662
家里是否有地毯0.203(-0.143～0.55)0.1761.1570.2491.140
室内是否种植花草0.049(-0.165～0.262)0.1080.4490.6541.237
家中是否使用净水设备-0.027(-0.228～0.174)0.102-0.2650.7911.467
温度（℃）0.001(-0.016～0.019)0.0090.1250.9011.625
湿度（%）-0.001(-0.008～0.006)0.003-0.3040.7611.304
PM2.5（g/m3）0.003(0.001～0.005)0.0012.8290.005*6.586
PM10（μg/m3）-0.003(-0.005～-0.001)0.001-3.1280.002*6.390
CO（mg/m3）-0.031(-0.101～0.039)0.036-0.8770.3811.219
CO2（%）0.077(-0.736～0.890)0.4120.1860.8521.933
NO2（mg/m3）0.227(-2.214～2.669)1.2380.1840.8541.192
甲醛（mg/m3）3.626(0.195～7.057)1.7392.0850.038*1.373
苯（mg/m3）-1.307(-19.636～17.023)9.291-0.1410.8881.465
甲苯（mg/m3）-0.04(-0.154～0.075)0.058-0.6790.4981.071
二甲苯（mg/m3）-4.142(-9.849～1.564)2.893-1.4320.1541.355
菌落总数（cfu/m3）0(0～0)00.5620.5751.511
真菌总数（cfu/m3）0(0～0)00.1140.9091.659
人均GDP（万元）0.072(0.050～0.095)0.0116.339<0.001*1.990
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居室积尘邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯污染特征及其影响因素分析
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张文颖 1 , 曹赟 1 , 张晓彤 1 , 刘萌萌 1 , 蒋林霖 1 , 刘婷婷 1 , 宋风景 1 , 陈城宇 1 , 樊琳 1 , 韩旭 1 , 王超 1 , 李莉 1 , 刘航 1 , 孙一铭 1 , 罗斌 2 , 王先良 1
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024,51(11): 1956-1961
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024, 51(11): 1956-1961
居室积尘邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯污染特征及其影响因素分析
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张文颖1, 曹赟1, 张晓彤1, 刘萌萌1, 蒋林霖1, 刘婷婷1, 宋风景1, 陈城宇1, 樊琳1, 韩旭1, 王超1, 李莉1, 刘航1, 孙一铭1, 罗斌2, 王先良1
作者信息
  • 1.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所，北京 100021
  • 2.兰州大学公共卫生学院

    • 张文颖（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：室内环境与健康

通讯作者:

Analysis of pollution characteristics and influencing factors of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in indoor dust
Wen-ying ZHANG1, Bin CAO1, Xiao-tong ZHANG1, Meng-meng LIU1, Lin-lin JIANG1, Ting-ting LIU1, Feng-jing SONG1, Cheng-yu CHEN1, Lin FAN1, Xu HAN1, Chao WANG1, Li LI1, Hang LIU1, Yi-ming SUN1, Bin LUO2, Xian-liang WANG1
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Environment and Health-related Products, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
出版时间: 2024-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312153
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摘要
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目的 探索日常生活中居室积尘邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的污染水平、时空污染特征和潜在的家庭环境及个人生活习惯的影响因素，为防控居室积尘DEHP污染提供科学依据。方法 综合考虑气候、经济和污染水平多方面因素，对兰州、洛阳、盘锦、绵阳、青岛、深圳、石家庄、无锡和西安9个典型城市开展入户积尘采样并进行问卷调查，应用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对经过处理后的积尘样本中DEHP含量进行检测；应用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析不同季节、不同主导风向、不同装修和不同生活习惯之间的差异；运用多重线性回归对居室积尘DEHP含量进行影响因素分析。结果 部分城市居室积尘DEHP存在季节和主导风向差异，洛阳和绵阳居室积尘DEHP含量为非采暖季高于采暖季（P<0.05），而深圳和石家庄积尘中DEHP含量为非采暖季低于采暖季（P<0.05）。且绵阳上风向区居室积尘DEHP含量显著高于下风向区（P<0.05）。影响因素分析中发现居室积尘DEHP含量主要与PM2.5（β=0.003，95%CI：0.001～0.005）、PM10（β=-0.003，95%CI：-0.005～-0.001）、甲醛（β=3.626，95%CI：0.195～7.057）和人均GDP（β=-0.072，95%CI：0.050～0.095）相关。结论 日常生活中，DEHP普遍存在于居室积尘中，不同城市的家庭中存在一定非采暖、采暖季及上下风向区域之间差异，但各城市间并未发现一致的污染特征。此外，居室积尘DEHP含量可能与温度、PM10、二甲苯、使用电脑、使用地毯、种植花草和使用净水设备等因素相关。

DEHP  /  居室  /  积尘  /  污染特征  /  影响因素

Objective To explore the pollution level and spatiotemporal characteristics of indoor dust di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) in daily life and the influencing factors of potential family environment and personal living habits, providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of DEHP pollution in indoor dust. Methods Considering the factors of climate, economy and pollution level, household dust samples were collected and investigated in 9 typical cities of Lanzhou, Luoyang, Panjin,Mianyang, Qingdao, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Wuxi, and Xi’an. DEHP content in the treated dust samples was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was employed to examine differences in DEHP levels across various seasons, dominant wind directions, types of home decoration, and living habits. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors influencing DEHP content in indoor dust. Results DEHP levels in indoor dust varied significantly with season and dominant wind direction in some cities (P<0.05). Specifically, Luoyang and Mianyang exhibited higher DEHP levels during the heating season compared to other periods, while Shenzhen and Shijiazhuang showed lower levels during the heating season (P<0.05). In Mianyang, the upwind areas had significantly higher DEHP levels than the downwind areas (P<0.05). Factors influencing household dust DEHP levels included PM2.5 (β=0.003, 95%CI: 0.001-0.005), PM10 (β=-0.003,95%CI: -0.005 to -0. 001), formaldehyde (β=3.626, 95%CI: 0.195-7.057), and per capita GDP (β=-0.072, 95%CI: 0.050-0.095). Conclusion DEHP is commonly found in indoor dust in daily life. Seasonal variations and wind direction affect its levels in different cities, though no consistent pattern of pollution characteristics is observed across the cities. Additionally,DEHP content in indoor dust may be influenced by temperature, PM10, xylene, computer use, carpet use, and indoor plant cultivation..

DEHP  /  Room  /  Dust accumulation  /  Pollution characteristics  /  Influencing factors
张文颖, 曹赟, 张晓彤, 刘萌萌, 蒋林霖, 刘婷婷, 宋风景, 陈城宇, 樊琳, 韩旭, 王超, 李莉, 刘航, 孙一铭, 罗斌, 王先良. 居室积尘邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯污染特征及其影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (11) : 1956 -1961 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312153
Wen-ying ZHANG, Bin CAO, Xiao-tong ZHANG, Meng-meng LIU, Lin-lin JIANG, Ting-ting LIU, Feng-jing SONG, Cheng-yu CHEN, Lin FAN, Xu HAN, Chao WANG, Li LI, Hang LIU, Yi-ming SUN, Bin LUO, Xian-liang WANG. Analysis of pollution characteristics and influencing factors of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in indoor dust[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (11) : 1956 -1961 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312153
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邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯［di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate，DEHP］是在日常生活中普遍应用的邻苯类增塑剂之一，主要用于改善一些塑料产品的柔韧性、耐久性及延展性等。目前广泛添加于日用高分子塑料制品中，如食品加工和包装、清洁剂、地板、壁纸等。因此它与我们日常生活密切相关。
DEHP在塑料制品中并不是以化学键和的形式存在，而是通过范德华力和氢键与聚合物聚合，因此，塑料制品中的DEHP在使用过程中很易将其迁移到室内环境中[1]。目前，DEHP已在地表水[2]、室内/室外空气[3-4]、灰尘[5]、土壤[6]和沉积物[7]均有报道。研究发现，DEHP不仅具有生殖毒性[8]、免疫毒性[9]、肝脏毒性[10-11]，同时也具有致癌效应[12]。因此室内DEHP污染水平值得关注。
在室内环境中，DEHP是很常见的一种半挥发性有机物（semi-volatile organic compounds，SVOCs），大多可以很容易地附着在室内颗粒物进而落在地面逐渐成为居室积尘，因此，积尘是一个重要的室内介质。DEHP在室内环境的污染水平不仅受到室内温度和相对湿度等小气候影响[13]，而且很大程度上受到室内装修情况和个人生活习惯的影响。有研究表明，随着温度升高，DEHP更容易挥发出来[14]，进而使室内污染加重。但目前对于室内装修和个人生活习惯对其污染水平的研究相对较少，室内积尘DEHP的污染特征及其影响因素有待进一步研究。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
考虑到气候、位置、空气污染水平以及社会经济地位等多种因素，选取盘锦、兰州、西安、绵阳、石家庄、无锡、青岛、洛阳、深圳等9个代表性城市，调查内容包括居室积尘采集与检测、空气理化因素测量以及家庭生活行为习惯的问卷调查。从被调查城市分别选择一个上风向和下风向两个站点，距离这两个站点最近的两所小学作为被调查对象（3千米以内）。每个城市招募家庭约20户，对其进一步调查。从中筛选的住宅需满足以下条件：（1）在现有房屋连续居住3年以上，未来3年无迁出计划；（2）家庭成员为非环境污染高危职业人群（例如交警、快递员、环卫工人、化工厂工人等）；（3）家中无人吸烟；（4）愿意参加本项目，并同意签署知情同意书。已通过中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所伦理审查委员会批准，编号：2017019。
1.2　积尘样品采集
在2018—2019年的非采暖季（2018年4—9月）和采暖季（2018年11月—2019年3月），使用灭菌后的毛刷从空调过滤器、灯罩、橱柜顶部、未接触的桌面等受人为因素影响较小的地方扫集灰尘样品，将积尘扫集到A4纸上，样品量采集足够后，将A4纸上的积尘倒入广口瓶中，密封好后，瓶身贴上标签纸并写好样品编号。由于意外中断，来自无锡、西安、青岛的积尘样品仅在非采暖季节采集，来自盘锦的粉尘样品仅在采暖季节采集，西安的积尘样品仅在下风向采集。共成功收集了246份家庭积尘样本，以供评估。将样品置于泡沫箱，箱内放入冰袋，4℃冷藏，尽快检测。
1.3　居室积尘DEHP含量测定
首先对积尘样品进行处理，去除其杂质如毛发，将其置于离心管中，加入正己烷-丙酮混合溶剂，使其混匀，然后超声提取30 min，接着于高速离心机中4 000 r/min离心10 min，将上清液转移到25 ml具塞玻璃离心管。上述操作重复3次，合并提取液并将其转移至氮吹管中，氮吹至约0.5 ml，将该浓缩液充分转移至1.5 ml棕色液相小瓶并采用正己烷定容至1 ml。
采用配备电子轰击（EI）电离源的安捷伦气相色谱-质谱仪（GC 6890/5973 MSD，美国安捷伦科技公司）对DEHP进行了分析。在单离子监测模式下，定量分析每个目标同源物。分析物在毛细管柱（石英毛细管柱，长30 m，内径0.53 mm，膜厚0.3 μm。固定相为1%乙烯基-5%苯基甲基聚硅氧烷）上分离，以超高纯度的氦气（纯度99.999%）为流动相，流速为1.0 ml/min。温度柱的温度程序从50 ℃（保持1 min）开始，然后以20 ℃/min上升到220 ℃（保持1 min），最后以4℃/min时增加到280 ℃（保持4 min）。质谱参考条件：离子源、接口、四极杆温度分别保持在230 ℃、280 ℃、150 ℃。
1.4　问卷调查
采用面对面访谈入户调查的方式，针对目标家庭开展居住环境、居家生活习惯进行问卷调查。主要包括居民居住环境、室内环境健康防护用品（净水器和净化器等）、个人的生活习惯等。主要内容包括：（1）暴露情况：近五年是否装修（地板、地砖、刷漆、墙纸）、一年内是否购买新家具、是否有地毯等；（2）生活习惯：室内养育鲜花绿植情况、燃香情况、是否经常做饭等；（3）防护产品：空气净化器、净水设备等；（4）电子产品：是否有电脑、是否有电视等。
1.5　其他因素检测
室内温度、相对湿度、甲醛、CO2、菌落总数、真菌总数测定方法参考《公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分：化学污染物》（GB/T 18204.2-2014）、《公共场所卫生检验方法第1部分：物理因素》（GB/T 18204.1-2013）、《公共场所卫生检验方法第3部分：空气微生物》（GB/T 18204.3-2014）。
1.6　质量控制
采样工作人员需经过相关培训，达到工作要求或具备专业技能，实验室测试分析人员还应准确掌握本方案中相关各项指标检测方法和实验分析具体要求，发现故障或异常情况及时处置。样品的采集应满足国家相关标准规范对项目的要求，按要求填好采样信息，采样人员应认真核对，记录其状态是否异常。问卷调查时，确保调查表和数据质量的准确性和完整性。实验室质控使用加标回收和重复检测的方法，每批质控样品按被测样品数量的5 %进行加标回收，加标回收率应控制于80%，重复检测的平均差值应控制在20%以内。
1.7　统计分析
使用SPSS 27.0和Origin 2021软件进行统计分析和绘图，对于低于检出限的污染物浓度，采用1/2检出限值（limit of quantitation, LOQ）值计算。使用Shapiro-Wilk进行正态检验，对于不符合正态分布的定量资料使用中位数和四分位数描述；使用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验对不同季节、不同风向、不同装修、不同家庭生活习惯和不同经济水平之间进行组间差异比较；使用多重线性回归对DEHP的影响因素进行多因素分析，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　不同城市居室积尘DEHP污染水平
在本研究中，共有来自9个北方城市的246个实际住宅中的灰尘样本纳入分析，样本分别为兰州40个、洛阳40个、绵阳30个、盘锦14个、青岛8个、深圳34个、石家庄40个、无锡20个、西安20个。室内积尘中DEHP的浓度范围为0.250～7 168.412 μg/g，不同城市中位数相差较大，其中无锡中位数为12.626 μg/g，相对较小，而深圳中位数为449.682 μg/g，远远高于无锡。不同城市居室积尘中DEHP污染水平见表1。
2.2　季节、主导风向对DEHP污染水平的影响
住宅的风向区是根据该城市的主导风向所决定的，室内积尘中DEHP来源之一为室外，而风向为影响室外污染物排放的重要因素。本研究中，上风向区与下风向区比较，绵阳室内积尘DEHP浓度差异存在显著性意义（P<0.05）；对采暖季和非采暖季不同城市室内积尘DEHP污染水平进行比较，发现深圳、石家庄、洛阳的室内积尘中的DEHP存在显著性差异（P<0.05），绵阳室内积尘DEHP的差异更为显著（P<0.001），其中，深圳和石家庄采暖季居室积尘DEHP浓度高于非采暖季，而洛阳和绵阳非采暖季居室积尘DEHP浓度高于采暖季。见图1。
2.3　影响室内积尘DEHP浓度的单因素分析
本研究发现是否为采暖季对居室积尘DEHP含量影响较大，为探究不同时期室内积尘DEHP污染水平的影响因素是否存在差异，将可能的影响因素分为室内装修、个人生活习惯和当地经济水平。采用Mann-Whitney U或Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析不同条件室内积尘DEHP的浓度是否具有差异。结果显示家里是否有电脑、是否有地毯、是否种植花草、是否使用加湿器及不同经济水平的组间差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.4　居室积尘DEHP影响因素的多因素分析
室内积尘DEHP浓度呈非正态分布，对其进行对数转换。以经过对数转换后的室内积尘中DEHP污染情况为因变量，以影响室内积尘DEHP浓度的单因素分析中有统计学意义的项为自变量（P<0.05），应用多重线性回归分析室内积尘DEHP污染相关因素。结果显示，温度、PM10和二甲苯会对居室积尘DEHP浓度产生影响，PM2.5、甲醛为室内DEHP污染的危险因素，而PM10和人均GDP为它的保护因素。随着PM2.5和甲醛浓度的升高，居室积尘DEHP浓度增加（P<0.05）；然而，居室PM10增加时，DEHP的浓度会有所降低（P<0.05）。此外，分析发现人均GDP越高的家庭污染水平相对越低。每个自变量的方差膨胀因子（variance inflation factor，VIF）均小于10，表明此模型的共线性的相对较小。见表3。
3　讨论
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DEHP是塑料产品中的出现较多的增塑剂之一，随着塑料产品在住宅居室内的广泛使用，人们越发关注室内DEHP的污染问题。本研究共调查全国9个典型城市，共计246份样本，本次调查结果表明，我国住宅室内积尘DEHP存在不同程度的污染，总体浓度中位数为48.739 μg/g，高于另一项全国性研究（25.6 μg/g）[15]。由于室内环境相对较封闭，且包含大量塑料制品，如地板、家具和生活用品等，使其在室内积尘中累积，污染水平往往高于室外环境，杭州的研究也证明了这一点[16]。
本研究中室内积尘DEHP浓度在绵阳存在主导风向差异，上风向区高于下风向区，但另一项研究表明，下风向区DEHP的浓度高于上风向区的浓度[17]，因此来自上风向区或下风向区对居室积尘中的DEHP含量的影响有所差异；除空间差异外，本研究还发现，室内积尘DEHP的含量也存在着一定的季节性差异，结果表明，石家庄和深圳采暖季的DEHP含量高于非采暖季，可能是因为采暖季室内温度相对较高，因此造成塑料制品中的DEHP挥发速度加快。这一发现与来自北京的一项研究结果相似[18]；而绵阳、洛阳的DEHP含量非采暖季更高，其原因可能是不同城市不同季节，室内积尘的主要PAEs种类有所区别，季节对室内积尘DEHP含量的影响可能受到多方面的影响，因此并没有发现季节对室内积尘中DEHP含量的统一影响。
在本研究中，发现了几个居室住宅积尘中DEHP含量的影响因素。在单因素分析中，装修方面，有电脑和有地毯的家庭中，DEHP含量相对较高，这说明室内环境中，装修材料[19-20]和电子产品[21]可能是室内积尘DEHP的来源之一。但采暖季和非采暖季的影响因素存在差异，采暖季DEHP污染主要与电脑的使用相关，其原因可能为采暖期室内温度高，加速了电脑材料中DEHP的挥发，而在非采暖季DEHP浓度主要与地毯的使用有关；在个人生活习惯方面，本研究发现，生活习惯与室内积尘中DEHP含量密切相关，室内种植花草、使用加湿器和使用净水设备与积尘DEHP含量显著相关（P<0.05），室内种植花草比不种植花草的住宅室内积尘DEHP含量更高，尤其在采暖季，这可能是由于种植花草的相关工具会释放DEHP。非采暖季节中，使用加湿器的家庭，居室积尘DEHP浓度明显高于不使用加湿器的家庭，造成这种情况的原因可能是加湿器增加了空气湿度，从而使DEHP在室内聚集，难以向室外扩散。目前，DEHP在饮用水中被广泛检出，在本研究中使用净水设备的住宅中，DEHP含量相对更高，有研究显示净水设备可能会使水中DEHP含量降低[22]，但该设备是否与积尘中DEHP浓度有关尚不清楚。多重线性回归结果发现PM2.5和甲醛是居室积尘DEHP含量较高的危险因素，而PM10和人均GDP是DEHP污染水平的保护因素。有研究表明PM2.5中广泛存在邻苯二甲酸酯[23]，因而PM2.5含量高时，DEHP浓度也会随之增高，与本研究结果一致，但对于甲醛尚未有研究发现它与DEHP含量存在关系；目前对PM10与DEHP含量关系的研究中，发现DEHP为PM10中主要污染物[24]，与本研究结果有所区别。经济水平相对高的家庭中，成员大多教育程度较高，有很好的防护意识也更有能力购买一些污染相对小的装修材料。此外有研究表明温度升高促进了DEHP的释放[25]，但本研究并未发现该结论，温度和湿度等对居室积尘DEHP污染浓度的影响有待进一步研究。
综上所述，本研究从非采暖、采暖季和上下风向区两方面对居室积尘的DEHP污染水平和特征进行了研究，并探索了潜在的家庭及个人影响因素，在一定程度上可以作为现有研究的补充。本研究也存在一些局限性：（1）此研究为一项横断面研究，研究无法确定影响因素与DEHP之间是否存在因果关系。（2）深圳、绵阳、石家庄和洛阳居室积尘DEHP浓度均存在季节差异，但季节差异不存在一致的特征，造成此结果的具体原因尚不明确。（3）该研究对象的选择受到经济水平、地理位置等方面的影响，建议未来相关研究进一步扩大样本范围、深入分析影响因素间的相互作用，并加强监测与评估工作，以提高人们对居住环境中DEHP污染问题的认识水平并促进解决该问题的措施落地。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(21976169)
  • 国家科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY100603)
  • 典型城市室内环境健康影响调查与防护措施效果评估（中央财政专项）
文献
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2024年第51卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312153
  • 接收时间：2023-12-12
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-06-10
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-12
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(21976169)
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY100603)
典型城市室内环境健康影响调查与防护措施效果评估（中央财政专项）
作者信息
    1.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所，北京 100021
    2.兰州大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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