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Article(id=1240929924232573849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401464, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706025600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773790349299, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1717948800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773790349299, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773790349299, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773790349299, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240929920461886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773790348400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827281389, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2072, endPage=2077, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240929924962382796, articleId=1240929924232573849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Determination of internal exposure level of four kinds of inorganic substances in 720 general participants in Jiangxi Province, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the internal exposure levels of selenium, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium in blood and urine of general population in Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2018. Methods A multi-stage complex sampling method was employed to detect the content of selenium, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium in the fasting venous whole blood and urine samples of 720 selected subjects using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The exposure situation of residents in different genders, ages, urban and rural areas, and monitoring sites was analyzed. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the bivariate correlation between blood metal concentrations and urine metal levels. Results The median levels of blood selenium and urine selenium in the general population of Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2018 were 90.89 μg/L and 13.67 μg/L, respectively. The median levels of blood arsenic and urine arsenic were 1.26 μg/L and 24.03 μg/L, respectively. The median levels of blood chromium and urine chromium were 0.51 μg/L and 1.84 μg/L, respectively. The median levels of blood cadmium and urine cadmium were 0.85 μg/L and 0.61 μg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in blood selenium (Z=-5.09, P < 0.01) and urine selenium concentrations (Z=-3.94, P < 0.05) between different urban and rural areas, with concentrations higher in urban areas. Except for blood cadmium and urine cadmium, there were statistically significant differences in the concentration levels of other inorganic substances between different monitoring sites (P < 0.05). Differences in blood selenium (H=34.56, P < 0.05), blood cadmium (H=54.14, P < 0.05), and urine cadmium (H=63.447, P < 0.05) among different age groups were statistically significant, with concentrations gradually increasing with age. No statistically significant differences in concentrations of other inorganic substances between different genders were found (P > 0.05) except for urine selenium (Z=-3.77, P < 0.05). The strongest correlation coefficient among the four inorganic substances was 0.419 for blood cadmium and urine cadmium. Conclusion Residents in different regions of Jiangxi Province exhibit varying levels of internal exposure to selenium, arsenic, and chromium. Cadmium showed no regional differences in whole blood and urine load levels within the province, suggesting cadmium accumulation and a positive correlation with age.

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目的 调查2017—2018年江西省一般人群全血和尿中硒、砷、铬、镉的内暴露水平。方法 采用多阶段复杂抽样方法，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测720名研究对象的空腹静脉全血和尿液样本中硒、砷、铬、镉的含量，分析不同性别、年龄、城乡及监测点间居民的暴露情况。血金属浓度和尿金属水平的双变量相关性采用Spearman相关性进行评估。结果 2017—2018年江西省720名一般人群的血硒、尿硒中位数分别为90.89和13.67 μg/L，血砷、尿砷中位数分别为1.26和24.03 μg/L，血铬、尿铬中位数分别为0.51和1.84 μg/L，血镉、尿镉中位数分别为0.85和0.61 μg/L。不同城乡间血硒(Z=-5.09，P<0.01)和尿硒浓度(Z=-3.94，P<0.05)均有统计学差异，且城市地区浓度水平高于农村；不同监测点间除血镉和尿镉外，其余无机物的浓度水平均有统计学差异(P<0.05)；不同年龄组间血硒(H=34.56，P<0.05)、血镉(H=54.14，P<0.05)和尿镉(H=63.447，P<0.05)差异均有统计学意义，且随年龄增加浓度逐渐上升。不同性别间除尿硒(Z=-3.77,P<0.05)外，其余无机物的浓度未发现差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。四种无机物中，血镉和尿镉的相关系数最强为0.419。结论 江西省一般人群不同地区居民硒、砷及铬内暴露水平不同。镉全血和尿液负荷水平省内无地区差异，镉体内蓄积并与年龄呈正向关联。

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宋孝光，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/AGBzyYkDA/vRHcmTdE1jQ==, magXml=sgBo0LcSebjPFWUeDAR8cw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Aw2ZBE/tmiM14wkj5oXRNQ==, pdfFileSize=1238066, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VFWfLbTMY2jWhfKwOgzHMg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Tpi3PUCNg2cwGCZ9kNQELg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

丁霞（1991—），女，本科，主管检验师，研究方向：医学检验与卫生统计学

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丁霞（1991—），女，本科，主管检验师，研究方向：医学检验与卫生统计学

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丁霞（1991—），女，本科，主管检验师，研究方向：医学检验与卫生统计学

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Association between urinary Arsenic level and serum testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 57(5): 686-692., articleTitle=Association between urinary Arsenic level and serum testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929936614159061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=23, pageStart=4392, pageEnd=4396, 4412, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=张瑞仙, 杨建斌, 李建云, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张瑞仙，杨建斌，李建云，等.2017年云南省720名常住居民血和尿中镉铬水平分析[J].现代预防医学，2021，48（23）：4392-4396, 4412., articleTitle=2017年云南省720名常住居民血和尿中镉铬水平分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929936731599574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=23, pageStart=4392, pageEnd=4396, 4412, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Zhang RX, Yang JB, Li JY, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang RX, Yang JB, Li JY, et al. 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Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(23): 4392-4396, 4412., articleTitle=Cadmium and Chromium levels in blood and urine of 720 inhabitants in Yunnan,2017, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929936853234392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=19, pageStart=3583, pageEnd=3588, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=29, authorNames=惠晓芬, 丁勇, 张同军, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=惠晓芬，丁勇，张同军，等.陕西省一般人群全血和尿液中铬、镉和铅负荷水平分析[J].现代预防医学，2020，47（19）：3583-3588., articleTitle=陕西省一般人群全血和尿液中铬、镉和铅负荷水平分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929936949703387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=19, pageStart=3583, pageEnd=3588, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Hui XF, Ding Y, Zhang TJ, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hui XF, Ding Y, Zhang TJ, et al. Chromium, Cadmium and Lead load levels in whole blood and urine of the general population, Shaanxi[J].Modern Preventive Medicine, 2020, 47(19): 3583-3588., articleTitle=Chromium, Cadmium and Lead load levels in whole blood and urine of the general population, Shaanxi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929937008423643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=679, pageEnd=682, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=丁春光, 潘亚娟, 张爱华, journalName=中华预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁春光，潘亚娟，张爱华，等.2009—2010年我国一般人群全血和尿液中铬水平分布[J].中华预防医学杂志，2012,（8）：679-682., articleTitle=2009—2010年我国一般人群全血和尿液中铬水平分布, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929937079726813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=679, pageEnd=682, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Ding CG, Pan YJ, Zhang AH, journalName=Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding CG, Pan YJ, Zhang AH, et al. Distribution of Chromium levels in whole blood and urine of the general population in my country from 2009 to 2010[J]. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2012, (8): 679-682., articleTitle=Distribution of Chromium levels in whole blood and urine of the general population in my country from 2009 to 2010, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929937151029982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=3715, pageEnd=3732, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Cheng YY, Nathanail CP, journalName=Environmental Geochemistry and Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng YY, Nathanail CP. Regional human health risk assessment of Cadmium and hexachlorocyclohexane for agricultural land in China[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2021, 43(9): 3715-3732., articleTitle=Regional human health risk assessment of Cadmium and hexachlorocyclohexane for agricultural land in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240929933619425908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, awardId=202311106, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目资助(202311106), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240929926770126949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929926803681387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, companyId=1240929926770126949, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganxian District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929926812069996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, companyId=1240929926770126949, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江西省赣州市赣县区疾病预防控制中心，江西 赣州 341100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929926904344693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929926912733301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, companyId=1240929926904344693, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江西省疾病预防控制中心环境所，江西 南昌 330029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240929927000813696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929927009202306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, companyId=1240929927000813696, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南昌大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240929931505496571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Correlation analysis of blood selenium and urinary selenium concentration, figureFileSmall=B1gm+aBJ9EBTrvdfwmWHpw==, figureFileBig=VFWfLbTMY2jWhfKwOgzHMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929931614548483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=图1, caption=血硒和尿硒浓度水平的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=B1gm+aBJ9EBTrvdfwmWHpw==, figureFileBig=VFWfLbTMY2jWhfKwOgzHMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929931849429526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Correlation analysis of blood arsenic and urinary arsenic concentration, figureFileSmall=qmJxw2A1RR7jJMiHMQe/xQ==, figureFileBig=GWcyoPE/rctqN67uaWxcwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929931979452959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=图2, caption=血砷和尿砷浓度水平的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=qmJxw2A1RR7jJMiHMQe/xQ==, figureFileBig=GWcyoPE/rctqN67uaWxcwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929932096893477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Correlation analysis of serum and urine chromium concentrations, figureFileSmall=gh1n0Z997rkosMGpZZLe+w==, figureFileBig=Yhn2A2LQD+IFp+kpLL6nrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929932243694126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=图3, caption=血铬和尿铬浓度水平的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=gh1n0Z997rkosMGpZZLe+w==, figureFileBig=Yhn2A2LQD+IFp+kpLL6nrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929932369523255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Correlation analysis of blood cadmium and urinary cadmium concentration, figureFileSmall=aHf+pZYEY6dS30tmSuMZfQ==, figureFileBig=WNCgVD1IgWJEuhSGUBkqyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929932486963774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=图4, caption=血镉和尿镉浓度水平的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=aHf+pZYEY6dS30tmSuMZfQ==, figureFileBig=WNCgVD1IgWJEuhSGUBkqyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929932642153027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of blood selenium and urinary selenium concentrations in general population in Jiangxi Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数血硒浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿硒浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男36091.09(82.31,102.02)-0.620.53615.14(9.88,24.14)-3.77<0.001
女36090.68(81.45,100.37)12.34(7.86,20.19)
年龄(岁)b3～512185.78(76.57,96.52)34.56<0.00112.73(7.94,21.02)5.820.324
6～1111988.76(81.49,95.58)14.17(9.54,23.98)
12～1811990.37(82.30,99.61)13.87(9.43,22.03)
19～3912095.24(87.44,106.64)14.23(9.06,21.36)
40～5912193.21(82.93,104.47)14.55(9.57,23.01)
60～7912092.28(82.43,100.29)12.60(8.05,20.36)
城乡a城市38493.54(84.52,102.54)-5.09<0.00114.94(10.20,23.85)-3.94<0.001
农村33687.94(77.90,98.68)12.34(7.91,19.35)
监测点bA市14491.67(82.31,101.18)61.44<0.00113.03(8.05,20.38)21.87<0.001
B区14492.78(83.30,101.38)15.20(10.38,23.10)
C区14496.71(87.34,103.57)16.05(10.94,25.60)
D县14483.36(72.60,93.80)12.55(7.80,20.31)
E县14490.46(80.26,101.89)11.96(7.79,19.23)
合计72090.89(81.86,101.18)13.67(9.02,21.53)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932742816329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江西省一般人群血硒和尿硒的浓度水平比较情况(μg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数血硒浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿硒浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男36091.09(82.31,102.02)-0.620.53615.14(9.88,24.14)-3.77<0.001
女36090.68(81.45,100.37)12.34(7.86,20.19)
年龄(岁)b3～512185.78(76.57,96.52)34.56<0.00112.73(7.94,21.02)5.820.324
6～1111988.76(81.49,95.58)14.17(9.54,23.98)
12～1811990.37(82.30,99.61)13.87(9.43,22.03)
19～3912095.24(87.44,106.64)14.23(9.06,21.36)
40～5912193.21(82.93,104.47)14.55(9.57,23.01)
60～7912092.28(82.43,100.29)12.60(8.05,20.36)
城乡a城市38493.54(84.52,102.54)-5.09<0.00114.94(10.20,23.85)-3.94<0.001
农村33687.94(77.90,98.68)12.34(7.91,19.35)
监测点bA市14491.67(82.31,101.18)61.44<0.00113.03(8.05,20.38)21.87<0.001
B区14492.78(83.30,101.38)15.20(10.38,23.10)
C区14496.71(87.34,103.57)16.05(10.94,25.60)
D县14483.36(72.60,93.80)12.55(7.80,20.31)
E县14490.46(80.26,101.89)11.96(7.79,19.23)
合计72090.89(81.86,101.18)13.67(9.02,21.53)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932856062543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of blood and urine arsenic concentrations in general population in Jiangxi Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数血砷浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿砷浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男3601.28(0.91,1.71)-1.050.2925.88(15.79,44.45)-2.400.016
女3601.24(0.88,1.59)22.30(13.02,39.28)
年龄(岁)b3～51211.14(0.85,1.62)6.410.2720.82(12.96,38.05)7.090.210
6～111191.25(0.85,1.65)25.05(14.93,39.28)
12～181191.25(0.91,1.56)23.27(14.26,42.39)
19～391201.27(0.83,1.73)24.32(14.66,42.88)
40～591211.33(0.93,1.76)28.70(16.11,49.85)
60～791201.31(0.94,1.74)22.69(13.69,39.21)
城乡a城市3841.26(0.88,1.69)-0.330.7422.58(13.36,38.97)-2.370.018
农村3361.25(0.91,1.63)25.80(15.05,45.11)
监测点bA市1441.03(0.75,1.39)51.13<0.00123.20(14.08～38.57)28.29<0.001
B区1441.47(1.00,2.04)22.42(13.08,40.38)
C区1441.15(0.78,1.48)25.75(15.29,43.19)
D县1441.32(0.92,1.82)31.53(19.02,53.11)
E县1441.36(1.03,1.71)18.92(12.36,34.53)
合计7201.26(0.90,1.66)24.03(14.52,42.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929932965114452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

江西省一般人群血砷和尿砷浓度水平比较情况(μg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数血砷浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿砷浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男3601.28(0.91,1.71)-1.050.2925.88(15.79,44.45)-2.400.016
女3601.24(0.88,1.59)22.30(13.02,39.28)
年龄(岁)b3～51211.14(0.85,1.62)6.410.2720.82(12.96,38.05)7.090.210
6～111191.25(0.85,1.65)25.05(14.93,39.28)
12～181191.25(0.91,1.56)23.27(14.26,42.39)
19～391201.27(0.83,1.73)24.32(14.66,42.88)
40～591211.33(0.93,1.76)28.70(16.11,49.85)
60～791201.31(0.94,1.74)22.69(13.69,39.21)
城乡a城市3841.26(0.88,1.69)-0.330.7422.58(13.36,38.97)-2.370.018
农村3361.25(0.91,1.63)25.80(15.05,45.11)
监测点bA市1441.03(0.75,1.39)51.13<0.00123.20(14.08～38.57)28.29<0.001
B区1441.47(1.00,2.04)22.42(13.08,40.38)
C区1441.15(0.78,1.48)25.75(15.29,43.19)
D县1441.32(0.92,1.82)31.53(19.02,53.11)
E县1441.36(1.03,1.71)18.92(12.36,34.53)
合计7201.26(0.90,1.66)24.03(14.52,42.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929933095137883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of blood chromium and urine chromium concentration in general population in Jiangxi Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数血铬浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿铬浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男3600.51(0.40,0.91)-0.270.7901.81(0.83,3.86)-0.160.880
女3600.52(0.40,0.91)1.87(0.78,4.18)
年龄(岁)b3～51210.51(0.40,0.97)0.680.9801.89(0.78,4.60)10.640.060
6～111190.49(0.40,0.97)2.26(0.94,5.35)
12～181190.52(0.40,0.89)2.10(0.85,4.80)
19～391200.54(0.40,0.88)1.63(0.78,3.48)
40～591210.49(0.40,0.94)1.76(0.86,3.42)
60～791200.51(0.40,0.89)1.50(0.68,2.54)
城乡a城市3840.44(0.40,0.97)-1.280.2001.76(0.79,3.50)-1.410.160
农村3360.60(0.40,0.87)1.93(0.84,4.76)
监测点bA市1440.61(0.40,0.86)166.29<0.0010.89(0.50,1.26)149.95<0.001
B区1440.40(0.40,0.74)3.11(1.28,6.13)
C区1440.94(0.40,1.13)1.16(0.71,1.39)
D县1440.58(0.40,0.88)3.35(1.26,7.55)
E县1440.40(0.40,0.68)1.96(1.19,2.51)
合计7200.51(0.40,0.91)1.84(0.81,3.98)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929933246132835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

江西省一般人群血铬和尿铬浓度水平比较情况(μg/L)

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特征人数血铬浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿铬浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男3600.51(0.40,0.91)-0.270.7901.81(0.83,3.86)-0.160.880
女3600.52(0.40,0.91)1.87(0.78,4.18)
年龄(岁)b3～51210.51(0.40,0.97)0.680.9801.89(0.78,4.60)10.640.060
6～111190.49(0.40,0.97)2.26(0.94,5.35)
12～181190.52(0.40,0.89)2.10(0.85,4.80)
19～391200.54(0.40,0.88)1.63(0.78,3.48)
40～591210.49(0.40,0.94)1.76(0.86,3.42)
60～791200.51(0.40,0.89)1.50(0.68,2.54)
城乡a城市3840.44(0.40,0.97)-1.280.2001.76(0.79,3.50)-1.410.160
农村3360.60(0.40,0.87)1.93(0.84,4.76)
监测点bA市1440.61(0.40,0.86)166.29<0.0010.89(0.50,1.26)149.95<0.001
B区1440.40(0.40,0.74)3.11(1.28,6.13)
C区1440.94(0.40,1.13)1.16(0.71,1.39)
D县1440.58(0.40,0.88)3.35(1.26,7.55)
E县1440.40(0.40,0.68)1.96(1.19,2.51)
合计7200.51(0.40,0.91)1.84(0.81,3.98)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929933355184744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of blood cadmium and urinary cadmium concentration in general population in Jiangxi Province

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特征人数血镉浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿镉浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男3600.89(0.45,1.64)-0.920.3600.64(0.33,1.47)-1.310.190
女3600.81(0.42,1.41)0.57(0.22,1.40)
年龄(岁)b3～51210.58(0.28,1.02)54.14<0.0010.33(0.13,0.87)63.45<0.001
6～111190.70(0.40,1.09)0.56(0.28,1.21)
12～181190.77(0.44,1.03)0.50(0.24,0.93)
19～391201.06(0.47,1.66)0.71(0.35,1.69)
40～591211.07(0.55,1.88)0.90(0.43,1.85)
60～791201.07(0.61,1.91)0.84(0.49,1.71)
城乡a城市3840.78(0.40,1.30)4.04<0.0500.60(0.29,1.48)-0.270.790
农村3360.93(0.46,1.60)0.61(0.26,1.38)
监测点bA市1440.92(0.50,1.52)6.700.1500.63(0.28,1.46)2.800.590
B区1440.72(0.37,1.21)0.56(0.27,1.51)
C区1440.86(0.45,1.54)0.69(0.30,1.56)
D县1440.99(0.46,1.77)0.59(0.27,1.26)
E县1440.78(0.40,1.26)0.56(0.22,1.44)
合计7200.85(0.44,1.47)0.61(0.28,1.43)
), ArticleFig(id=1240929933476819567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929924232573849, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

江西省一般人群血镉和尿镉浓度水平比较情况(μg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数血镉浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值尿镉浓度［M（P25，P75）］统计值P值
性别a男3600.89(0.45,1.64)-0.920.3600.64(0.33,1.47)-1.310.190
女3600.81(0.42,1.41)0.57(0.22,1.40)
年龄(岁)b3～51210.58(0.28,1.02)54.14<0.0010.33(0.13,0.87)63.45<0.001
6～111190.70(0.40,1.09)0.56(0.28,1.21)
12～181190.77(0.44,1.03)0.50(0.24,0.93)
19～391201.06(0.47,1.66)0.71(0.35,1.69)
40～591211.07(0.55,1.88)0.90(0.43,1.85)
60～791201.07(0.61,1.91)0.84(0.49,1.71)
城乡a城市3840.78(0.40,1.30)4.04<0.0500.60(0.29,1.48)-0.270.790
农村3360.93(0.46,1.60)0.61(0.26,1.38)
监测点bA市1440.92(0.50,1.52)6.700.1500.63(0.28,1.46)2.800.590
B区1440.72(0.37,1.21)0.56(0.27,1.51)
C区1440.86(0.45,1.54)0.69(0.30,1.56)
D县1440.99(0.46,1.77)0.59(0.27,1.26)
E县1440.78(0.40,1.26)0.56(0.22,1.44)
合计7200.85(0.44,1.47)0.61(0.28,1.43)
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江西省720名一般人群的四种无机物内暴露水平测定
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丁霞 1 , 武昊 3 , 谢丽丽 2 , 江文斌 2 , 何文鑫 2, 3 , 宗俊 2 , 宋孝光 2
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024,51(11): 2072-2077
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024, 51(11): 2072-2077
江西省720名一般人群的四种无机物内暴露水平测定
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丁霞1, 武昊3, 谢丽丽2, 江文斌2, 何文鑫2, 3, 宗俊2, 宋孝光2
作者信息
  • 1.江西省赣州市赣县区疾病预防控制中心，江西 赣州 341100
  • 2.江西省疾病预防控制中心环境所，江西 南昌 330029
  • 3.南昌大学公共卫生学院

    • 丁霞（1991—），女，本科，主管检验师，研究方向：医学检验与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

宋孝光，E-mail:
Determination of internal exposure level of four kinds of inorganic substances in 720 general participants in Jiangxi Province
Xia DING1, Hao WU3, Li-li XIE2, Wen-bin JIANG2, Wen-xin HE2, 3, Jun ZONG2, Xiao-guang SONG2
Affiliations
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganxian District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341100, China
出版时间: 2024-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401464
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摘要
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目的 调查2017—2018年江西省一般人群全血和尿中硒、砷、铬、镉的内暴露水平。方法 采用多阶段复杂抽样方法，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测720名研究对象的空腹静脉全血和尿液样本中硒、砷、铬、镉的含量，分析不同性别、年龄、城乡及监测点间居民的暴露情况。血金属浓度和尿金属水平的双变量相关性采用Spearman相关性进行评估。结果 2017—2018年江西省720名一般人群的血硒、尿硒中位数分别为90.89和13.67 μg/L，血砷、尿砷中位数分别为1.26和24.03 μg/L，血铬、尿铬中位数分别为0.51和1.84 μg/L，血镉、尿镉中位数分别为0.85和0.61 μg/L。不同城乡间血硒(Z=-5.09，P<0.01)和尿硒浓度(Z=-3.94，P<0.05)均有统计学差异，且城市地区浓度水平高于农村；不同监测点间除血镉和尿镉外，其余无机物的浓度水平均有统计学差异(P<0.05)；不同年龄组间血硒(H=34.56，P<0.05)、血镉(H=54.14，P<0.05)和尿镉(H=63.447，P<0.05)差异均有统计学意义，且随年龄增加浓度逐渐上升。不同性别间除尿硒(Z=-3.77,P<0.05)外，其余无机物的浓度未发现差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。四种无机物中，血镉和尿镉的相关系数最强为0.419。结论 江西省一般人群不同地区居民硒、砷及铬内暴露水平不同。镉全血和尿液负荷水平省内无地区差异，镉体内蓄积并与年龄呈正向关联。

硒  /  砷  /  铬  /  镉  /  内暴露水平

Objective To investigate the internal exposure levels of selenium, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium in blood and urine of general population in Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2018. Methods A multi-stage complex sampling method was employed to detect the content of selenium, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium in the fasting venous whole blood and urine samples of 720 selected subjects using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The exposure situation of residents in different genders, ages, urban and rural areas, and monitoring sites was analyzed. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the bivariate correlation between blood metal concentrations and urine metal levels. Results The median levels of blood selenium and urine selenium in the general population of Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2018 were 90.89 μg/L and 13.67 μg/L, respectively. The median levels of blood arsenic and urine arsenic were 1.26 μg/L and 24.03 μg/L, respectively. The median levels of blood chromium and urine chromium were 0.51 μg/L and 1.84 μg/L, respectively. The median levels of blood cadmium and urine cadmium were 0.85 μg/L and 0.61 μg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in blood selenium (Z=-5.09, P < 0.01) and urine selenium concentrations (Z=-3.94, P < 0.05) between different urban and rural areas, with concentrations higher in urban areas. Except for blood cadmium and urine cadmium, there were statistically significant differences in the concentration levels of other inorganic substances between different monitoring sites (P < 0.05). Differences in blood selenium (H=34.56, P < 0.05), blood cadmium (H=54.14, P < 0.05), and urine cadmium (H=63.447, P < 0.05) among different age groups were statistically significant, with concentrations gradually increasing with age. No statistically significant differences in concentrations of other inorganic substances between different genders were found (P > 0.05) except for urine selenium (Z=-3.77, P < 0.05). The strongest correlation coefficient among the four inorganic substances was 0.419 for blood cadmium and urine cadmium. Conclusion Residents in different regions of Jiangxi Province exhibit varying levels of internal exposure to selenium, arsenic, and chromium. Cadmium showed no regional differences in whole blood and urine load levels within the province, suggesting cadmium accumulation and a positive correlation with age.

Selenium  /  Arsenic  /  Chromium  /  Cadmium  /  Biological monitoring  /  Internal exposure level
丁霞, 武昊, 谢丽丽, 江文斌, 何文鑫, 宗俊, 宋孝光. 江西省720名一般人群的四种无机物内暴露水平测定. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (11) : 2072 -2077 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401464
Xia DING, Hao WU, Li-li XIE, Wen-bin JIANG, Wen-xin HE, Jun ZONG, Xiao-guang SONG. Determination of internal exposure level of four kinds of inorganic substances in 720 general participants in Jiangxi Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (11) : 2072 -2077 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401464
正文
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国内外70年代之前已开展硒(Se)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)和镉(Cd)等无机物职业人群暴露研究，无职业暴露的一般人群主要作为对照组而零星开展。1972年全国第一次环境大会后非职业人群接触环境污染物逐渐开始关注[1]。硒是天然存在的，生物体必需的一种微量化学元素，具有营养和毒理学双峰效应[1-3]。硒的有益效应发生在狭窄的浓度范围内，低于该浓度，硒无法发挥其基本功能，过度接触可能会导致不良健康影响甚至中毒。砷是一种类金属，无机砷和有机砷均具毒性，砷暴露可引发机体多种健康危害[4]。铬是一种天然存在的重金属，环境中最稳定和最常见的形式是三价铬(III)和六价铬(VI)，铬暴露对人体健康的潜在危害已得到诸多研究和证明[5-6]。镉是一种有蓄积性半衰期长的有毒重金属，国际癌症研究机构把它列为人类致癌物、联合国环境规划署也将镉列为重点研究的环境污染物、WHO把镉列入优先研究的食品污染物[7]。为了更准确的评估江西省无机物内暴露水平，本研究通过对2017—2018年江西省一般人群硒、砷、铬、镉在全血和尿液中的含量进行描述，旨在初步获得江西省一般人群对环境无机化学物质内暴露特征，为开展全国居民生物监测和评估无机化合物暴露的健康风险做数据支撑。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　抽样方法及研究对象
本研究资料来自国家人体生物监测项目(China National Human Biomornitoring,CNHBM)，采用多阶段分层抽样的方法选择受试者。第一阶段采用聚类分层、系统抽样的方法，在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)抽取152个监测点，涵盖江西省5个区(县、市)；第二阶段按照与人口规模成比例(probability proportional to size sampling,PPS)的抽样方法，在每个监测点内抽取3个社区(村)为调查单元；第三阶段采用分层随机抽样的方法，将年龄分成6个等级(3～5、6～11、12～18、19～39、40～59和60～79岁)，按性别分成2层，共计12层，每层按单纯随机抽样的原则抽取样本4人，在每个调查单元内抽取48名调查对象，3个调查单元共计720名。具体抽样步骤和过程见文献[8-9]，该项目已于2017—2018年完成了第一轮的横断面问卷调查及生物样本采集。NHBMP程序已获得中国疾病预防控制中心国家环境卫生研究所伦理审查委员会批准(编号201701)。国家人体生物监测项目知情同意书分为3～6岁、7～17岁和18～79岁三种年龄分组。18岁以上取得本人知情同意，6～18岁取得本人或其父母知情同意，3～6岁者取得其法定监护人书面知情同意。
1.2　实验室检测与质量控制
现场采集调查对象空腹静脉抗凝全血和随机中段尿，统一入库后全程在-80℃的条件下保存运输至中国疾病预防控制中心，由各考核合格有资质的CNHBM重点实验室采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析全血和尿液中硒、砷、铬、镉浓度。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS, NeXION1000G, PerkinElmer, USA)测定受试者静脉血中的金属浓度。质量控制严格按照《生物监测质量保证规范》(GB/T 16126-1995)、国家CNHBM方案和工作手册要求实施[10]。
1.3　统计学分析
采用SPSS 23.0进行数据整理和分析。因人群血液和尿液中四种元素均为非正态分布，所以用中位数和四分位数(P25，P75)进行描述。计量资料不满足正态和方差齐性条件选秩转换的非参数检验。两个组间比较非正态分布采用Mann-Whitney U检验，多个组间独立样本采用Kruskal-Wallis H(K)检验。对全血和尿液中四种元素的浓度水平进行对数转换后，分别进行spearman秩相关分析；双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。数据统计过程中，低于LOD的值被LOD除以2的平方根代替。
2　结果
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2.1　硒
全省样本检测结果显示，血硒浓度中位数为90.89 μg/L，高于尿硒的13.67 μg/L。男性血硒和尿硒浓度中位数略高于女性，且尿硒在不同性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)；不同年龄组血硒浓度中位数(H= 34.56,P<0.001)具有统计学差异，其中，19～39岁年龄组浓度最高，为95.24 μg/L，而尿硒中位数无统计学差异(P=0.324)；不同城乡间血硒浓度和尿硒浓度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)，且城市中位数高于农村；不同监测点间血硒和尿硒浓度均有统计学差异(P<0.001)，且血硒和尿硒浓度中位数均在C区最高，D县最低。见表1。
2.2　砷
研究对象血砷浓度中位数为1.26 μg/L，低于尿砷的24.03 μg/L。男性血砷和尿砷浓度中位数略高于女性，血砷性别间统计学无明显差异(Z=-1.05,P= 0.29)，而尿砷浓度差异具有统计学意义（Z=-2.40, P= 0.016）；不同年龄组人群血砷和尿砷浓度中位数均无统计学差异(P=0.27，0.21)；不同城乡间血砷浓度无明显统计学差异(P=0.74)，而人群中尿砷浓度(P=0.018)具有统计学差异，且农村地区中位数高于城市；不同监测点血砷和尿砷浓度中位数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)，且血砷浓度水平在B区最高，A市最低，而尿砷浓度在D县最高，E县最低。见表2。
2.3　铬
全省血液和尿液样本中血铬浓度中位数为0.51 μg/L，低于尿铬的1.84 μg/L。不同性别、不同年龄组及不同城乡间血铬和尿铬的浓度水平差异均无统计学差异；不同监测点间血铬和尿铬浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)，且血铬浓度中位数在C区最高，B区最低，而尿铬浓度中位数在D县最高，A市最低。见表3。
2.4　镉
全省调查对象中血镉浓度中位数为0.85 μg/L，高于尿镉的0.61 μg/L。不同性别的人群血镉和尿镉的浓度水平差异无统计学意义；不同年龄组间血镉和尿镉浓度均有统计学差异(P<0.001)，且血镉和尿镉均与年龄呈现正向关联；不同城乡间血镉浓度有统计学差异(P<0.05)，且农村地区高于城市，而尿镉浓度无统计学差异；不同监测点间血镉、尿镉浓度均无统计学差异。见表4。
2.5　全血和尿液四种元素的相关性分析结果
将全血和尿液中四种元素浓度水平经对数转换后，进行spearman秩相关分析。血硒和尿硒的相关系数为0.014，血砷和尿砷的相关系数为0.127，血铬和尿铬的相关系数为0.016，血镉和尿镉的相关系数为0.419，均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。见图1～4。
3　讨论
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本研究通过对全血和尿液中的四种无机元素暴露水平进行分析，进而了解其在人群中的分布情况。硒是人体必需的一种微量化学元素，具有营养和毒理学双峰效应。人类通过食物、水和空气接触环境化学物质中的硒，饮食是人类硒接触的主要来源。李娟[11]等人基于江西省膳食中砷和硒含量数据发现，江西省居民日常摄入硒的量稍低于推荐摄入量,合理调整膳食,不可盲目补硒。本研究发现江西省一般人群血硒(91.12 μg/L)和尿硒(14.59 μg/L)可为建立江西省一般人群本底值作为基础数据支持。针对一般人群硒负荷水平国内已有报道，吉塞塞[12]报道的我国成年人血硒水平的M（P25，P75）为99.08（83.30，117.74）μg/L，辽宁省[13]一般人群血硒、尿硒浓度中位数分别为210. 57 μg/L、6. 58 μg/L，由此可见一般人群内环境中硒元素具有区域性差异，本研究中的不同监测点间和城乡间具有统计学差异也印证了此结论。
我国曾经是地砷病严重的国家，一般人群全血和尿液中砷水平分布有地区性差异[14]。金照凤等[15]报道贵州省黔东南州侗族尿砷浓度在29.95～46.92 μg/L之间，重庆市成人尿砷浓度中位数为32.97 μg/L[16]，兰溪地区非职业暴露尿砷浓度水平中位数为55.75 μg/L[17]。本研究发现江西省一般人群血砷和尿砷浓度中位数为1.2 μg/L和24.29 μg/ L。结果显示一般人群砷负荷水平在全国范围内有所不同[18]。结合本研究中血砷和尿砷不同监测点间有统计学差异可得砷元素内环境负荷水平的区域性有差异。本研究中男性血砷和尿砷浓度均高于女性，血砷性别分布与文献报道相同[14]，但尿砷在性别的影响研究依旧存在争议。一般人群砷暴露主要通过膳食摄入和空气途径，有报道江西省居民日常膳食摄入砷的量低于JECFA制定的无机砷暂定每日允许摄入量[11]，本研究仅研究了一般人群体内环境中全血与尿液中暴露量水平，因目前未有统一的正常参考区间，无法判定内环境暴露是否超出正常值，仅能提供区域性参考数据。
本研究中江西省血铬浓度中位数为0.51 μg/L，略高于同期参加本轮CBHNM项目的云南省[19]和陕西省[20]血铬水平，但远低于2009—2010年全国一般人群全血中铬水平分布[21]。铬元素城乡无明显差异，但各监测点间差异明显，提示这可能与生活方式和无关，但是跟土壤-植物-环境系统中铬的生物地球化学有关，横向比较云南省和陕西省数据，均发现血铬浓度低于尿铬，该结果仍需进一步收集同一轮或下一轮其他地区数据进行横断面或序贯性研究。
本研究发现血镉浓度高于尿镉且随着暴露水平随年龄增加呈现正向相关，与国内外文献报道一致[19-20]。另外，江西省内镉元素全血和尿液含量在不同城乡和监测点间无差异，与国内外报道均不一致[22]，这可能与省内各监测点地区分布不够广有关，应省级与省级比，甚至扩大至全国范围内进行比较。
本研究仅收集一轮的数据进行基础研究，存在的一定的局限性：一是本研究为横断面研究，发现的结论仅初步掌握无机物的暴露状况和暴露特征，需要多几轮队列性研究数据进行周期性、序贯性佐证；二是本研究元素测试的是总价态，未开展元素的形态和价态分析；三是还需加入其他混杂因素的影响，例如吸烟或被动吸烟、饮酒、外源性补充剂、文化程度、BMI等协变量应纳入进行综合分析，加上样本数量不足以代表整个江西省整体水平分布，解释研究结果的因果外推能力相对较弱，望有更多的研究支持并补充该省一般人群内环境无机物负荷基础数据。
基金
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  • 江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目资助(202311106)
文献
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2024年第51卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401464
  • 接收时间：2024-01-24
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-06-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-24
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江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目资助(202311106)
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    1.江西省赣州市赣县区疾病预防控制中心，江西 赣州 341100
    2.江西省疾病预防控制中心环境所，江西 南昌 330029
    3.南昌大学公共卫生学院

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宋孝光，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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