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Article(id=1240929922940719799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402159, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707667200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773790348992, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1717948800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773790348992, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773790348992, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773790348992, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240929920461886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773790348400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827281389, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1933, endPage=1937, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240929923444036288, articleId=1240929922940719799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the characteristics of middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS and their death within 12 months after treatment in a province, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and treatment-related deaths within 12 months of HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 and above reported in a province, providing a basis for targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Data on HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above reported in a province from 2010 to 2019 were collected from the China CDC Information System for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of AIDS, and the epidemiological characteristics and treatment-related deaths within 12 months were analyzed. The comparison of rates was performed using the χ2 test, trend changes were analyzed using the trend χ2 test, and the comparison of CD4+ T lymphocyte detection results between groups was performed using non-parametric tests. Results From 2010 to 2019, a total of 2 875 cases of HIV/AIDS aged 50 and above were reported in the province, accounting for 19.4% of the total cases (14 819 cases). The proportion of new cases increased from 10.3% in 2010 to 24.6% in 2019, with a statistically significant difference (χ2trend =126.741, P < 0.001), and the annual reported incidence showed an increasing trend (χ2trend=936.208, P < 0.001). The male-to-female ratio was 5.3:1, with an average age of (58.40±7.50) years. The majority were farmers, accounting for 49.0% (1 408/2 875). The primary education level accounted for 42.0%(1 208/2 875). The majority were identified by medical institutions, accounting for 64.5% (1 854/2 875); sexual transmission was the primary route, accounting for 96.8% (2 784/2 875). Among male cases, same-sex transmission accounted for 49.5% (1 423/2 416). Among female cases, non-marital heterosexual transmission and spousal transmission accounted for 49.0% (212/433) and 51.0% (221/433), respectively. The median CD4+ T lymphocyte count at the initial test was 266 cells/mm3. There was a statistically significant difference in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts between males and females (Z=-5.395, P < 0.001). The treatment rate within 12 months of diagnosis was 56.7% (1 632/2 875), showing an increasing trend each year (χ2trend=115.054, P < 0.001). The mortality rate within 12 months of diagnosis was 15.2% (433/2,875), showing a decreasing trend each year (χ2trend=61.654, P < 0.001). Conclusion The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above in the province have been increasing annually. It is necessary to strengthen targeted health education and interventions for this population as well as expand testing to achieve early detection and treatment.

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目的 分析某省报告的50岁及以上中老年艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)的流行特征和发现12个月内治疗死亡情况，为制定针对性防控措施提供依据。方法 通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统-艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统”收集某省2010—2019年报告的50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例信息数据，对其流行病学特征和发现12个月内治疗、死亡情况进行分析。率的比较采用χ2检验，趋势性变化采用趋势χ2检验，组间CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果比较采用非参数检验。结果 2010—2019年某省共报告14 819例HIV/AIDS病例，50岁及以上2 875例，占19.4%。新发病例占比由2010年的10.3%上升到2019年的24.6%，差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=126.741，P<0.001)，年度报告发病率呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=936.208，P<0.001）。男女比例为5.3∶1；平均年龄(58.40±7.50)岁；以农民为主，占49.0%（1 408/2 875）；文化程度以初中为主，占42.0%（1 208/2 875）；经医疗机构发现为主，占64.5%（1 854/2 875）；传播途径以性传播为主，占96.8%(2 784/2 875)；其中男性病例以同性传播为主，占49.5%（1 423/2 416），女性病例经非婚异性传播和配偶间传播分别占49.0%（212/433）和51.0%（221/433）。病例首次CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果中位数为266个/mm3。男女CD4+T淋巴细胞结果差异有统计学意义（Z=-5.395，P<0.001）。病例发现12个月内治疗率56.7%（1 632/2 875），各年治疗率呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=115.054，P<0.001）。病例发现12个月内病死率15.2%（433/2 875），各年病死率呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=61.654，P<0.001）。结论 某省50岁及以上中老年HIV/AIDS病例数量及比例逐年增加，应进一步加强该人群精准宣教和干预，同时扩大检测做到早发现、早治疗。

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马琳，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=RaI3iKm9QpPb8CRR1VnSng==, magXml=hupDQs0lNsMa23RoSSMiGA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9lMAEV915INALjdaRmwjeQ==, pdfFileSize=606549, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1UZa3AjyR2XQBvWHBWBFEQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3W+COAp6YSNbFJGLJoRKcw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马琳（1981—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：艾滋病丙肝防治工作

, authorsList=马琳, 吴小雪, 张亚丽, 王伟, 王敬丘, 王校丰, 张玉琪, 路新利, 白广义)}, authors=[Author(id=1240929924698133219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13722891615@139.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240929924861711079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, authorId=1240929924698133219, language=EN, stringName=Lin MA, firstName=Lin, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Institute for STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240929924953985771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, authorId=1240929924698133219, language=CN, stringName=马琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=河北省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治所，河北 石家庄 050021, bio={"content":"

马琳（1981—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：艾滋病丙肝防治工作

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马琳（1981—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：艾滋病丙肝防治工作

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Journal of Applied Preventive Medicine, 2022,28(3): 275-278., articleTitle=Survey of MSM population characteristics and AIDS knowledge and behavior at the age of 50 and above in Zigong City from 2019 to 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929933476811159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=17, pageStart=3189, pageEnd=3192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=唐程梦, 崔帅, 杨洪斌, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐程梦，崔帅，杨洪斌，等.老年MSM非固定性伴性行为现状及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学，2020，47（17）：3189-3192., articleTitle=老年MSM非固定性伴性行为现状及影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929933585863068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=17, pageStart=3189, pageEnd=3192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Tang CM, Cui S, Yang HB, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang CM, Cui S, Yang HB, et al. Status and influencing factors of sexual behaviors among elderly MSM who have non-fixed sex partners[J]. 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Review of influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors among elderly People[J]. Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2020, 26(4):452-454, 354., articleTitle=Review of influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors among elderly People, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929934005293497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=286, pageEnd=288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=覃雄林, journalName=应用预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=覃雄林.我国老年女性艾滋病感染现状及相关问题探讨[J].应用预防医学，2016，22（3）：286-288., articleTitle=我国老年女性艾滋病感染现状及相关问题探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929934122734016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=286, pageEnd=288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Qin XL, journalName=Journal of Applied Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin XL. AIDS infection status and related problems of elderly women in China[J]. Journal of Applied Preventive Medicine, 2016, 22(3): 286-288., articleTitle=AIDS infection status and related problems of elderly women in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929934261146058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=960, pageEnd=967, 1065, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=翟云霞, 胥萍, 李晋, journalName=标记免疫分析与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=翟云霞，胥萍，李晋，等.不同类型T淋巴细胞在艾滋病病程发展中的临床意义研究[J].标记免疫分析与临床，2023，30（6）：960-967, 1065., articleTitle=不同类型T淋巴细胞在艾滋病病程发展中的临床意义研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240929934391169490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=960, pageEnd=967, 1065, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Zhai YX, Xu P, Li J, journalName=Labeled Immunoassays and Clinical Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhai YX, Xu P, Li J, et al. A study of the clinical significance of different types of T lymphocytes in the course of AIDS[J]. Labeled Immunoassays and Clinical Medicine, 2023, 30(6): 960-967, 1065., articleTitle=A study of the clinical significance of different types of T lymphocytes in the course of AIDS, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240929931157360835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, awardId=20170451, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省卫计委医学科研项目(20170451), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240929924534555355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929924551332572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, companyId=1240929924534555355, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute for STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240929924568109790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, companyId=1240929924534555355, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河北省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治所，河北 石家庄 050021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240929929139900435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Report of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above in a certain province from 2010 to 2019, figureFileSmall=xL5gIxHf/XXaw1N3ihglBA==, figureFileBig=1UZa3AjyR2XQBvWHBWBFEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929929261535264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2010—2019年某省50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例报告情况, figureFileSmall=xL5gIxHf/XXaw1N3ihglBA==, figureFileBig=1UZa3AjyR2XQBvWHBWBFEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240929929571913789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Year on year growth of HIV/AIDS incidence rate in a province aged 50 and above from 2010 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）2010201120122013201420152016201720182019
环比增长率（%）100.0100.025.060.037.527.321.429.44.54.3
), ArticleFig(id=1240929929680965701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2010—2019年某省50岁及以上HIV/AIDS发病率年环比增长情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）2010201120122013201420152016201720182019
环比增长率（%）100.0100.025.060.037.527.321.429.44.54.3
), ArticleFig(id=1240929930029092962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above in a province from 2010 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年合计
性别
男2855741321872543263984445182 416
女11152225364745818097459
年龄（岁）
50～59283763991531882462973564001 867
60～698262544547989138113147723
≥7037814163436445568285
民族
汉族3967931542192963624735085992 810
其它03334596161665
感染途径
同性传播92438781151672052272453151 423
异性传播223749761031331562422702731 361
血液传播788100010025
吸毒传播00011100047
不详11114010992359
文化程度
小学或文盲10162944587390144142169775
初中19324263831271621882312611 208
高中或中专7162430657483104100130633
大专及以上36120172736435155259
婚姻状况
已婚2551601111452082603593794342 032
未婚1114651412162181
离异或丧偶13183542728897108129160762
职业
农民18234374961531822222663311 408
离退人员5191924395354626881424
家政家务及待业341111252834676375321
其它132423486367101128127128722
病例发现
医疗机构2744621141521992402893513761 854
自愿咨询检测4161625497094129131178712
羁押人员201201132719
其它6101716223136584054290
), ArticleFig(id=1240929930175893618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2010—2019年某省50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年合计
性别
男2855741321872543263984445182 416
女11152225364745818097459
年龄（岁）
50～59283763991531882462973564001 867
60～698262544547989138113147723
≥7037814163436445568285
民族
汉族3967931542192963624735085992 810
其它03334596161665
感染途径
同性传播92438781151672052272453151 423
异性传播223749761031331562422702731 361
血液传播788100010025
吸毒传播00011100047
不详11114010992359
文化程度
小学或文盲10162944587390144142169775
初中19324263831271621882312611 208
高中或中专7162430657483104100130633
大专及以上36120172736435155259
婚姻状况
已婚2551601111452082603593794342 032
未婚1114651412162181
离异或丧偶13183542728897108129160762
职业
农民18234374961531822222663311 408
离退人员5191924395354626881424
家政家务及待业341111252834676375321
其它132423486367101128127128722
病例发现
医疗机构2744621141521992402893513761 854
自愿咨询检测4161625497094129131178712
羁押人员201201132719
其它6101716223136584054290
), ArticleFig(id=1240929930347860092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Infection routes of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above in a province from 2010 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感染途径2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年合计
男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女
同性性传播9—24—38—78—115—167—205—227—245—315—1 423—
异性性传播1572611301951257033864711541162801927818192928433
非婚异性13524628849126615801811327154391853917143883212
配偶2225211213418629214841739104945221
血液传播344453100000000100001312
注射毒品史0000001001100000002243
不详1010101022006490722034811
合计281155157422132251873625447326453988144480518972 416459
), ArticleFig(id=1240929930519826568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2010—2019年某省50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例感染途径

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感染途径2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年合计
男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女男女
同性性传播9—24—38—78—115—167—205—227—245—315—1 423—
异性性传播1572611301951257033864711541162801927818192928433
非婚异性13524628849126615801811327154391853917143883212
配偶2225211213418629214841739104945221
血液传播344453100000000100001312
注射毒品史0000001001100000002243
不详1010101022006490722034811
合计281155157422132251873625447326453988144480518972 416459
), ArticleFig(id=1240929930649850005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

CD4+T lymphocyte levels in HIV/AIDS patients over 50 years old in a province from 2010 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）检测例数CD4+T淋巴细胞中位数（个/mm3）男女
<200个/mm3≥200个/mm3<200个/mm3≥200个/mm3
20102424171223
201157255182649
2012803102338514
20131372843581714
201418125465891017
2015263273831381032
20163162591081711126
20174062771232161453
20184442571622131356
20195362631702802264
合计2 4442667941 26498288
), ArticleFig(id=1240929930763096225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2010—2019年某省50岁以上HIV/AIDS病例CD4+T淋巴细胞水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）检测例数CD4+T淋巴细胞中位数（个/mm3）男女
<200个/mm3≥200个/mm3<200个/mm3≥200个/mm3
20102424171223
201157255182649
2012803102338514
20131372843581714
201418125465891017
2015263273831381032
20163162591081711126
20174062771232161453
20184442571622131356
20195362631702802264
合计2 4442667941 26498288
), ArticleFig(id=1240929930922479790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Treatment and mortality of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above within 12 months discovered in a province from 2010 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）报告病例数在发现12个月内死亡病例数发现12个月病死率（%）发现12个月治疗病例数发现12个月HAART覆盖率（%）
2010391538.5820.5
2011702028.63752.9
2012961717.73839.6
20131573321.06742.7
20142234419.710848.4
20153016120.317758.8
20163716818.316644.7
20174796814.221645.1
20185246211.835768.1
2019615508.145774.3
合计2 87543815.21 63156.7
), ArticleFig(id=1240929931039920313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929922940719799, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2010—2019年某省50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例发现12月内治疗及死亡情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）报告病例数在发现12个月内死亡病例数发现12个月病死率（%）发现12个月治疗病例数发现12个月HAART覆盖率（%）
2010391538.5820.5
2011702028.63752.9
2012961717.73839.6
20131573321.06742.7
20142234419.710848.4
20153016120.317758.8
20163716818.316644.7
20174796814.221645.1
20185246211.835768.1
2019615508.145774.3
合计2 87543815.21 63156.7
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某省中老年HIV/AIDS患者特征及发现12个月内治疗死亡情况分析
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马琳 , 吴小雪 , 张亚丽 , 王伟 , 王敬丘 , 王校丰 , 张玉琪 , 路新利 , 白广义
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(11): 1933-1937
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(11): 1933-1937
某省中老年HIV/AIDS患者特征及发现12个月内治疗死亡情况分析
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马琳 , 吴小雪, 张亚丽, 王伟, 王敬丘, 王校丰, 张玉琪, 路新利, 白广义
作者信息
  • 河北省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治所，河北 石家庄 050021

    • 马琳（1981—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：艾滋病丙肝防治工作

通讯作者:

马琳，E-mail:
Analysis of the characteristics of middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS and their death within 12 months after treatment in a province
Lin MA , Xiao-xue WU, Ya-li ZHANG, Wei WANG, Jing-qiu WANG, Xiao-feng WANG, Yu-qi ZHANG, Xin-li LU, Guang-yi BAI
Affiliations
  • Institute for STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
出版时间: 2024-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402159
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摘要
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目的 分析某省报告的50岁及以上中老年艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)的流行特征和发现12个月内治疗死亡情况，为制定针对性防控措施提供依据。方法 通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统-艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统”收集某省2010—2019年报告的50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例信息数据，对其流行病学特征和发现12个月内治疗、死亡情况进行分析。率的比较采用χ2检验，趋势性变化采用趋势χ2检验，组间CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果比较采用非参数检验。结果 2010—2019年某省共报告14 819例HIV/AIDS病例，50岁及以上2 875例，占19.4%。新发病例占比由2010年的10.3%上升到2019年的24.6%，差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=126.741，P<0.001)，年度报告发病率呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=936.208，P<0.001）。男女比例为5.3∶1；平均年龄(58.40±7.50)岁；以农民为主，占49.0%（1 408/2 875）；文化程度以初中为主，占42.0%（1 208/2 875）；经医疗机构发现为主，占64.5%（1 854/2 875）；传播途径以性传播为主，占96.8%(2 784/2 875)；其中男性病例以同性传播为主，占49.5%（1 423/2 416），女性病例经非婚异性传播和配偶间传播分别占49.0%（212/433）和51.0%（221/433）。病例首次CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果中位数为266个/mm3。男女CD4+T淋巴细胞结果差异有统计学意义（Z=-5.395，P<0.001）。病例发现12个月内治疗率56.7%（1 632/2 875），各年治疗率呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=115.054，P<0.001）。病例发现12个月内病死率15.2%（433/2 875），各年病死率呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=61.654，P<0.001）。结论 某省50岁及以上中老年HIV/AIDS病例数量及比例逐年增加，应进一步加强该人群精准宣教和干预，同时扩大检测做到早发现、早治疗。

HIV/AIDS  /  年龄  /  流行特征  /  晚发现  /  治疗

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and treatment-related deaths within 12 months of HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 and above reported in a province, providing a basis for targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Data on HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above reported in a province from 2010 to 2019 were collected from the China CDC Information System for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of AIDS, and the epidemiological characteristics and treatment-related deaths within 12 months were analyzed. The comparison of rates was performed using the χ2 test, trend changes were analyzed using the trend χ2 test, and the comparison of CD4+ T lymphocyte detection results between groups was performed using non-parametric tests. Results From 2010 to 2019, a total of 2 875 cases of HIV/AIDS aged 50 and above were reported in the province, accounting for 19.4% of the total cases (14 819 cases). The proportion of new cases increased from 10.3% in 2010 to 24.6% in 2019, with a statistically significant difference (χ2trend =126.741, P < 0.001), and the annual reported incidence showed an increasing trend (χ2trend=936.208, P < 0.001). The male-to-female ratio was 5.3:1, with an average age of (58.40±7.50) years. The majority were farmers, accounting for 49.0% (1 408/2 875). The primary education level accounted for 42.0%(1 208/2 875). The majority were identified by medical institutions, accounting for 64.5% (1 854/2 875); sexual transmission was the primary route, accounting for 96.8% (2 784/2 875). Among male cases, same-sex transmission accounted for 49.5% (1 423/2 416). Among female cases, non-marital heterosexual transmission and spousal transmission accounted for 49.0% (212/433) and 51.0% (221/433), respectively. The median CD4+ T lymphocyte count at the initial test was 266 cells/mm3. There was a statistically significant difference in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts between males and females (Z=-5.395, P < 0.001). The treatment rate within 12 months of diagnosis was 56.7% (1 632/2 875), showing an increasing trend each year (χ2trend=115.054, P < 0.001). The mortality rate within 12 months of diagnosis was 15.2% (433/2,875), showing a decreasing trend each year (χ2trend=61.654, P < 0.001). Conclusion The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above in the province have been increasing annually. It is necessary to strengthen targeted health education and interventions for this population as well as expand testing to achieve early detection and treatment.

HIV/AIDS  /  Age  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Late diagnosis  /  Treatment
马琳, 吴小雪, 张亚丽, 王伟, 王敬丘, 王校丰, 张玉琪, 路新利, 白广义. 某省中老年HIV/AIDS患者特征及发现12个月内治疗死亡情况分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (11) : 1933 -1937 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402159
Lin MA, Xiao-xue WU, Ya-li ZHANG, Wei WANG, Jing-qiu WANG, Xiao-feng WANG, Yu-qi ZHANG, Xin-li LU, Guang-yi BAI. Analysis of the characteristics of middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS and their death within 12 months after treatment in a province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (11) : 1933 -1937 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402159
正文
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近年国外许多研究发现50岁及以上中老年艾滋病感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)问题日益严峻[1-2]，国内报告数据也显示，50岁及以上年龄组报告数增加明显[3]，艾滋病病毒向该年龄段的蔓延成为新动向[4]。本文对2010—2019年报告的现住址为某省且年龄在50岁及以上中老年HIV/AIDS病例资料进行分析，旨在了解其流行特征，为制定有针对性防治措施提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　资料来源
资料来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统-艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统”。
1.2　研究对象
报告日期为2010—2019年，报告现住址为某省且年龄在50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例。地区按照病例报告时住址进行统计；年龄按照病例报告时的年龄统计；香港、澳门、台湾及外籍病例除外；首次CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果，指病例被发现后一年内的首个CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果；进入疾病期（即AIDS期）发现的或发现时CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200个/mm3的，作为晚发现的重要标志，如果发现时为HIV感染者，12个月内发病或在没有抗病毒治疗的情况下，发现后12个月内死亡的，也被视为晚发现[5]。
1.3　统计学方法
应用R软件进行统计学分析。采用描述性统计方法描述研究对象性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、人群类别、户籍、病程阶段、样本来源及感染途径等。率的比较采用χ2检验，趋势性变化采用趋势χ2检验，组间CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果比较采用非参数检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2010—2019年某省累积报告HIV/AIDS病例14 819例，其中50岁及以上病例2 875例，占19.4% (2 875/14 819 )。
2.1　时间分布
50岁及以上病例占当年病例数的比例由2010年的10.3 %升到2019年的24.6%，构成比呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=126.741, P<0.001）；2010—2019年50岁及以上HIV/AIDS的发病率呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=936.208, P<0.001）。见图1、表1。
2.2　人群分布
2 875例50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例中，男性占84.0%（2 416/2 875），男女比例为5.3∶1；病例发现时最大年龄为80岁，平均年龄为(58.40±7.50)岁，以50～59岁人数最多，占64.9%（1 867/2 875）；民族以汉族为主，占97.7%（2 810/2 875）；感染途径以经性途径传播最多，占96.8%（2 784/2 875），其中同性传播与异性传播比例为1.05∶1；人群类别以农民为主，占49.0%（1 408/2 875）；文化程度中初中最多，占42.0%（1 208/2 875）；婚姻状况以已婚为主，占70.7%（2 032/2 875）；病例来源以医疗机构发现为主，占64.5%（1 854/2 875）。见表2。
2.3　感染途径
2 875例50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例中，感染途径以同性传播为主，1 423例（49.5%），其次为异性传播，1 361例（47.3%）。各年通过同性性途径感染的比例差异有统计学意义（χ2=33.920，P<0.001）；不同性别感染途径差异有统计学意义(χ2=400.587 , P<0.001)。见表3。
2.4　病例发现时的CD4+T淋巴细胞水平
2010—2019年报告50岁及以上年龄组病例中，85.0%（2 444/2 875）的病例在发现1个月内做过CD4+T淋巴细胞检测，CD4+T淋巴细胞中位数为266个/mm3，各年在200～350个/mm3范围，差异没有统计学意义（H=5.382,P=0.800）。其中，男性2 058例，女性386例，男女CD4+T淋巴细胞结果差异有统计学意义（Z=-5.395，P<0.001）。CD4+T淋巴细胞计数200个/mm3以下组别占比中，男性为38.6%（794/2 058），女性为25.4%（98/386），男女CD4+T淋巴细胞水平分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=24.408，P<0.001）。见表4。
2.5　病例发现12个月内治疗及死亡情况
2010—2019年报告50岁及以上年龄组病例中，12个月内死亡433例，病死率15.2%；治疗1 632例，治疗覆盖率56.7%。12个月内接受抗病毒治疗的比例逐年上升（χ2趋势=115.054，P<0.001），12个月以内的病死率逐年下降（χ2趋势=61.654，P<0.001）。见表5。
3　讨论
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调查结果显示，2010—2019年某省50岁以上HIV/AIDS病例占当年新报告总病例数的构成比逐年上升，以男性、50～59岁年龄组、汉族、农民、初中文化程度、已婚、性途径传播及医疗机构发现来源占比最高。
50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例报告增加，考虑与扩大检测工作的推行有关。随着扩大检测工作的推行，发现患者的力度大大增加，尤其是在医疗机构。医疗机构除开展手术前、受血前HIV检测外，还开展了医务人员主动提供HIV检测（PITC）工作，病例有了更多被提早发现的机会[6]。另外，高年龄组人群随着身体机能的下降而需要接受更多的医学诊疗服务，从而在医疗服务过程中被诊断出来。本研究中63.4%的50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例自医疗机构检出。
本研究发现，50岁及以上男性病例中同性性传播占59.7%，非婚异性性接触占37.9%，配偶及其他途径传播仅占到2.4%。随着社会文明的发展和营养状态的改善，相当一部分中老年人能保持良好的性能力，当需求不能被满足时，可能会成为性服务的对象。而且由于年龄、文化水平等因素的影响，中老年人相对风险意识低，知识知晓率低[7-8]，安全套使用率低[9-10]。另外，中老年男同性恋不再像年轻时压抑自己的性取向[11-12]。研究发现，50岁及以上女性病例以配偶间传播造成的感染为主，考虑女性50岁以后基本进入绝经期，与配偶发生性行为时安全套使用率低[13-14]。
CD4+T淋巴细胞计数是判断HIV/AIDS患者个体免疫状况和疾病进展的主要指标[15]。该省自2003年逐步开展CD4+T淋巴细胞检测工作，2010—2019年发现的50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例的CD4+T淋巴细胞中位数为266个/mm3，明显低于该省全年龄段的359个/mm3，说明了该年龄段病例发现较迟。且该人群十年间CD4+T淋巴细胞中位数水平差异无变化，提示该省近些年对于该年龄段人群重视度不够，措施待改进。相对女性来说，男性CD4+T淋巴细胞计数在200个/mm3以下更多，男性迟发现情况更严重。
本研究发现，在实施免费抗病毒治疗期间，随着抗病毒治疗覆盖率的逐年上升，发现后当年病死率逐年下降，可见及时给予抗病毒治疗可明显降低50岁及以上年龄病例的病死率，说明抗病毒治疗对延长中老年病例生存周期有积极影响。
综上所述，本研究发现近年来某省50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例数增长较快，该年龄组人群存在较多HIV相关高危行为暴露和感染病例发现晚的情况。应针对该人群开展艾滋病防治知识的宣传和高危行为干预，继续扩大检测，力争早发现、及时给予抗病毒治疗，减少传播，降低病死率。
基金
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  • 河北省卫计委医学科研项目(20170451)
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2024年第51卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402159
  • 接收时间：2024-02-12
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-06-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-02-12
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河北省卫计委医学科研项目(20170451)
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    河北省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治所，河北 石家庄 050021

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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