Article(id=1240929921091031713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401099, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704729600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773790348551, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1717948800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773790348551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773790348551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773790348551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240929920461886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773790348400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827281389, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241084828704109276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240929920461886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2108, endPage=2112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240929921346884259, articleId=1240929921091031713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The fusion point of the joint application of PAD classroom and BOPPPS teaching mode in the training of medical students, columnId=1240375111455404044, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Talent Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the context of Healthy China, it is of great significance to improve the quality of medical student training. Selecting good classroom teaching models is fundamental in the training of medical students. Presentation, Assimilation, and Discussion(PAD) classroom and Bridge, Objective, Pre-Assessment, Participation, Practice, and Post-Assessment (BOPPPS) teaching models are popular among university teachers and have been widely used in theoretical and practical teaching of various courses. However, both teaching models still have certain limitations. In order to fully leverage the advantages of both teaching models, the joint application of the two teaching models in recent years has attracted widespread attention from scholars. Therefore, this article analyzes the fusion points of the joint application of the two teaching models in the training of medical students, providing reference for the joint application of the two models.

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健康中国背景下,提高医学生的培养质量意义重大。在医学生培养过程中,选择良好的课堂教学模式是基础。对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式颇受高校教师欢迎,现已普遍应用于多门课程的理论及实践教学。但是,两种教学模式仍存在一定局限性。为了充分发挥两种教学模式的优点,近几年将两种教学模式联合应用已引起学者的普遍关注。为此,本文分析了两种教学模式在医学生培养过程中联合应用时的融合点,以为两种模式的联合应用提供参考。

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邹立娜,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dPf82/qf5G859IonHLgsLA==, magXml=9GoNmTqa5fsylrf14wiDhA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mKGAthEeknStH2ITotAKpA==, pdfFileSize=735978, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xOiHZeTCi6nrYRyATgAtGw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=K9+fUcQRfET8wtSXyN4oIw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

荣胜忠(1984—),男,博士,教授,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学教育研究

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荣胜忠(1984—),男,博士,教授,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学教育研究

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荣胜忠(1984—),男,博士,教授,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学教育研究

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The practical application effect of the fusion point of the joint application of PAD and BOPPPS teaching mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号融合点实际应用效果
1将BOPPPS教学模式作为对分课堂的讲授环节可以提高学生学习成绩、满意度及学习兴趣;培养学生的求知意识;提高授课教师的教学水平
2将对分课堂教学模式作为BOPPPS的“参与式学习”环节可以提高学生的学习兴趣、培养学生的创新意识、自主学习和合作能力;提高授课教师的教学水平
3将对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式进行拆分、整合——保留两种教学模式的所有环节可以提高学生参与课堂的积极性、学习的主动性、自学能力、团队交流与协作能力,并可以提升师生之间的交流与协作
4将对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式进行拆分、整合——部分保留两种教学模式的环节可以提高学生独立思考、主动探索、合作交流的能力
), ArticleFig(id=1240929927017583456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240929921091031713, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

对分课堂与BOPPPS教学模式联合应用融合点的实际应用效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号融合点实际应用效果
1将BOPPPS教学模式作为对分课堂的讲授环节可以提高学生学习成绩、满意度及学习兴趣;培养学生的求知意识;提高授课教师的教学水平
2将对分课堂教学模式作为BOPPPS的“参与式学习”环节可以提高学生的学习兴趣、培养学生的创新意识、自主学习和合作能力;提高授课教师的教学水平
3将对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式进行拆分、整合——保留两种教学模式的所有环节可以提高学生参与课堂的积极性、学习的主动性、自学能力、团队交流与协作能力,并可以提升师生之间的交流与协作
4将对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式进行拆分、整合——部分保留两种教学模式的环节可以提高学生独立思考、主动探索、合作交流的能力
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对分课堂与BOPPPS教学模式在医学生培养过程中联合应用的融合点
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荣胜忠 1 , 师东菊 2 , 刘凤海 1 , 马宏坤 1 , 邹立娜 3
现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2024,51(11): 2108-2112
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现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2024, 51(11): 2108-2112
对分课堂与BOPPPS教学模式在医学生培养过程中联合应用的融合点
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荣胜忠1, 师东菊2, 刘凤海1, 马宏坤1, 邹立娜3
作者信息
  • 1.牡丹江医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江 牡丹江 157011
  • 2.牡丹江医学院卫生管理学院
  • 3.牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院,黑龙江 牡丹江 157011
  • 荣胜忠(1984—),男,博士,教授,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学教育研究

通讯作者:

邹立娜,E-mail:
The fusion point of the joint application of PAD classroom and BOPPPS teaching mode in the training of medical students
Sheng-zhong RONG1, Dong-ju SHI2, Feng-hai LIU1, Hong-kun MA1, Li-na ZOU3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, China
出版时间: 2024-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401099
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健康中国背景下,提高医学生的培养质量意义重大。在医学生培养过程中,选择良好的课堂教学模式是基础。对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式颇受高校教师欢迎,现已普遍应用于多门课程的理论及实践教学。但是,两种教学模式仍存在一定局限性。为了充分发挥两种教学模式的优点,近几年将两种教学模式联合应用已引起学者的普遍关注。为此,本文分析了两种教学模式在医学生培养过程中联合应用时的融合点,以为两种模式的联合应用提供参考。

对分课堂  /  BOPPPS  /  联合应用  /  教学模式

In the context of Healthy China, it is of great significance to improve the quality of medical student training. Selecting good classroom teaching models is fundamental in the training of medical students. Presentation, Assimilation, and Discussion(PAD) classroom and Bridge, Objective, Pre-Assessment, Participation, Practice, and Post-Assessment (BOPPPS) teaching models are popular among university teachers and have been widely used in theoretical and practical teaching of various courses. However, both teaching models still have certain limitations. In order to fully leverage the advantages of both teaching models, the joint application of the two teaching models in recent years has attracted widespread attention from scholars. Therefore, this article analyzes the fusion points of the joint application of the two teaching models in the training of medical students, providing reference for the joint application of the two models.

PAD classroom  /  Joint application  /  BOPPPS  /  Teaching mode
荣胜忠, 师东菊, 刘凤海, 马宏坤, 邹立娜. 对分课堂与BOPPPS教学模式在医学生培养过程中联合应用的融合点. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (11) : 2108 -2112 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401099
Sheng-zhong RONG, Dong-ju SHI, Feng-hai LIU, Hong-kun MA, Li-na ZOU. The fusion point of the joint application of PAD classroom and BOPPPS teaching mode in the training of medical students[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (11) : 2108 -2112 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401099
党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出“全面推进健康中国建设”重大决策部署[1]。在健康中国建设过程中,作为医疗卫生人才队伍的主力军,医学生是我国医疗卫生领域的重要人力资源,提高医学生的培养质量对于健康中国建设具有重要意义。
课堂教学是医学生获取理论知识、培养实践技能的重要场所。由于医学的特殊性,所以相比其他学科的学生,医学生的培养周期更长,研修的课程门数相对较多,学业负担相对较重,实践技能要求更高,需要记忆的知识点和掌握的实践技能与人的健康和生命密切相关。传统讲授式课堂教学模式无法充分调动医学生学习的积极性,导致学生课堂听课比例偏低。研究发现,大学课堂沉默的学生占比高达56%[2]。因此,选择有效的课堂教学模式,对提高医学生学习的积极性和主动性至关重要。
对分课堂教学模式建立在全新的教学理念基础上,注重把课堂教学时间进行合理分配,即教师讲授一半课堂时间,学生以讨论的形式完成另一半课堂时间,强调师生、生生之间互动,提倡学生自主性、个性化学习,把课堂学习从“让我学”向“我要学”转变,给学生自主内化吸收的时间。在课程考核方面,对分课堂注重过程性评价,满足学生个性化的学习需求,充分调动学生的积极性,教学时间分为讲授(presentation)、内化吸收(assimilation)和讨论(discussion)三部分,因此也叫“PAD”教学模式[3]。目前,对分课堂已经被国内教师普遍接受、认可、实践与传播[4]。在实际运用过程中,对分课堂可以划分为当堂对分和隔堂对分。BOPPPS教学模式于1976年由加拿大学者创建,从起初只用于教师能力的培训逐渐应用于多门课程的教学,现已广泛用于30多个国家、100多所院校及培训机构,该教学模式以学生的注意力时间特征分为导言(bridge-in)、学习目标(objective)、前测(pre-assessment)、参与式学习(participatory)、后测(post-assessment)和总结(summary)6个环节,明确了教学的程序化,注重知识传授的完整性[5-6]
虽然对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式具有各自的优点。但是,两种教学模式仍有一定的局限性。对分课堂教学模式注重教师和学生的权利对分,可以很好地调动学生的积极性,发挥学生的主体作用。但是,学生在对分课堂教学模式的讨论环节很容易出现基于自己的兴趣进行讨论,致使讨论的主题具有碎片性,难以形成体系。BOPPPS教学模式把课堂教学进行了合理的分解,形成了完整的流程式教学。但是,BOPPPS教学模式没有提出每个环节如何开展的有效措施。因此,将两种教学模式联合应用可以很好地发挥两种教学模式的优势。目前,尚未见关于两种教学模式联合应用时的融合点进行分析的研究。为此,本文系统性地分析了两种教学模式的融合点及实际应用效果,以期为联合应用两种教学模式提供参考。
将对分课堂教学模式作为主体教学模式,分为“讲授、内化吸收和讨论”环节,在“对分”的讲授环节采用BOPPPS教学模式。
将BOPPPS作为对分课堂的讲授环节的具体实施步骤如下(若是当堂对分则是讲授环节、内化吸收环节和讨论环节):(1)讨论环节:正式开始授课前,任课教师点评学生提交作业情况,然后进行分组,由教师组织学生,让学生围绕作业进行讨论。(2)讲授环节:①导言(B):以实际案例引入课堂讲授的内容;②学习目标(O):明确知识、素质和能力目标;③前测(P1):结合前期教学内容,选择恰当的问题作为前测,初步判断学生的知识储备以及前期内容的掌握情况,对后续教学进度及重点、难点情况做出初步判断;④参与式学习(P2):作为整体讲授环节的主体部分,采用启发式教学,多用提问的方式引导学生自主思考,注重讲授知识的系统性、可理解性,以利于学生掌握;⑤后测(P3):将授课内容的重点、难点作为考核问题,引导学生查缺补漏、深入理解授课内容,进而掌握;⑥总结(S):可以采用多种方式(比如运用思维导图、知识树)对授课内容进行总结,以利于学生整体了解所学内容,安排好下次课的授课内容。(3)内化吸收环节:将内化吸收放在课下进行,并要求学生完成对分课堂的“亮考帮”作业,用于“隔堂讨论”。见图1
将BOPPPS教学模式作为课堂教学的主体模式,把对分课堂教学模式作为BOPPPS的“参与式学习”环节,以实现两种教学模式的融合。
把对分课堂(当堂对分)教学模式作为BOPPPS的“参与式学习”环节的具体实施步骤如下:(1)导言(B):采用提问题的方式导入授课内容,快速集中学生的注意力;(2)学习目标(O):向学生阐述清楚知识、能力及情感目标;(3)前测(P1):采用对分易平台完成前测;(4)参与式学习(P2):在此环节采用对分课堂教学模式,并运用启发式教学,激发学生主动思考,完成知识讲授、内化吸收、分组讨论及全体学生交流,教师布置作业,学生完成“亮考帮”作业;(5)后测(P3):采用讨论、生生互动、师生互动、全班交流等形式完成后测;(6)总结(S):教师引导学生对学习重点和难点进行反馈,总结知识点,点评学生课堂表现。见图2
此种融合模式是将课堂分为课前、课中和课后3个环节,全部保留对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式的所有环节。(1)课前:教师做好学情分析,深入了解学生的知识积累情况、学习习惯及个人需求等,向学生提供学习资料、布置自学任务,为课中教学奠定基础,以使学生快速融入老师的课堂教学;(2)课中:把对分课堂的“讲授、内化吸收和讨论”以及BOPPPS的导言、目标、前测、参与式学习、后测和总结进行拆分整合,形成“导言、目标、前测、讲授、内化吸收、参与式学习(讨论)、后测及总结”8个环节;(3)课后:主要采用课后测验及实际案例分析的方法评价学生知识的掌握以及能力培养情况,做到以“评价-改进-再评价-再改进”为思路的教学反思。
保留两种教学模式所有环节的具体实施步骤如下:(1)课前:包括学情分析和知识导入,学情分析环节需要了解学生的知识和能力基础,知识导入环节向学生发放学习资料、布置任务清单。(2)课中:包括“导言、目标、前测、讲授、内化吸收、参与式学习(讨论)、后测和总结”8个环节。①导言(B):可以采用多种形式,如提问、视频导入、案例分析、时事新闻等;②学习目标(O):要明确知识、能力和情感目标,知识目标要交代清楚需要掌握、熟悉和了解的知识点,能力目标要明确需要学生具备的能力,情感目标需要明确需要学生具备的家国情怀;③前测(P1):可以通过信息化技术手段,如学习通、对分易、微信、PPT等发布上节课重要知识点的复习题、本堂课教学内容相关的测试题;④讲授:可以先对前测的问题予以解答,以调动学生学习的兴趣,然后讲清楚授课内容的重点和难点,对于需要掌握的内容要重点讲解,并注重知识的逻辑性;⑤内化吸收:可以让学生将讲授的内容梳理成思维导图,理清知识的主线,完成“亮考帮”作业,并提出疑惑的问题用于后续的讨论;⑥参与式学习(P2):将学生分组,围绕“亮考帮”作业进行讨论,解决初步疑惑的问题,进行组间和师生之间的交流,充分发散学生的思维,加深对所学知识点的掌握,学生不理解的集中性问题由老师进行解释;⑦后测(P3):发布重难点知识测试题,进一步加深学生对知识点的理解和掌握;⑧总结(S):梳理课堂知识点,可以采用思考题的形式将知识进行总结。(3)课后:可以布置课后思考题、测试题,评价学生知识的掌握情况以及能力的培养情况,此外可以充分利用信息化技术让学生交流自己的学习心得,收集课堂教学改进的建议,并完成教学反思。见图3
此种融合模式只保留BOPPPS和对分课堂教学模式的部分环节,具体可以根据学情、教师的授课节奏和习惯以及课程性质等自由决定。
部分保留两种教学模式环节的具体实施步骤如下:(1)发布任务、引导自学:将课程教学目标以任务的形式利用对分易、云班课或微信等方式提前发布给学生,让学生提前预习部分教学内容,学习课程相关的资源,做好对分课堂小组讨论的准备。(2)内化吸收:主要包括精讲留白和学生独学,教师将知识的框架进行粗讲,同时让各小组汇报学习结果,然后学生独学。(3)小组讨论:在此环节,学生完成“亮考帮”作业,完成授课内容的讨论。(4)教师点评:对各小组的讨论情况进行总结,同时可以在此环节融入课程思政。(5)后测(P3):发布测试任务,形式可以是各种类型的考题,也可以是实际操作的内容,主要目的是让学及时掌握授课内容,并加深认识。见图4
近年已有一些研究将对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式联合应用的不同融合点用于医学生的培养,实际应用效果见表1
万玉骁等[7]将“BOPPPS教学模式作为对分课堂的讲授环节”用于《麻醉学》的线上教学,64名本科麻醉学专业学生分为实验组和对照组,每组32人。实验组学生采用BOPPPS联合对分课堂教学模式,对照组学生采用传统教学模式,实验组学生的学习成绩、满意度均高于对照组,提示此融合模式可以提高学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的求知意识。王婷等[8]将此融合模式用于医学检验技术专业《免疫学检验》课程线上教学,学生学习成绩与能力、满意度均高于传统模式授课。此融合点保留了对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式的所有环节,注重利用对分课堂教学模式的“以学生为中心”提高学生的学习兴趣、培养学生的求知意识,同时利用BOPPPS教学模式的流程化强化教学设计。此融合点特别适合于教学经验相对不足的青年教师规范教学。但是,此融合点存在教学环节过多的问题。因此,需要授课教师具有良好的课堂时间把控能力。
王超等[9]将“对分课堂教学模式作为BOPPPS的参与式学习环节”用于中医学专业《生物化学》的实验课教学,认为此种融合模式可以显著提高学生的学习兴趣、创新意识,提高教师的教学水平。刘齐等[10]将此融合模式用于本科护理学专业《基础护理学》课程的实践教学,研究发现学生普遍倾向于接受对分课堂与BOPPPS相融合的教学模式,采用融合教学模式学生的自主学习、信息及学习合作能力均显著提高,学习态度、兴趣与习惯也明显改善。林志萍等[11]将此融合模式用于本科护理学专业《医学统计学》课程教学,学习效果、学生满意度和知识应用能力均高于传统教学方式。此融合点是以BOPPPS教学模式为主体,在教学时间分配最长的“参与式学习”环节融入对分课堂教学模式,旨在充分调动学生参与教学的积极性和主动性,因此可以提高学生的学习兴趣。学生在分组讨论和师生互动环节可以围绕授课内容发散思维,踊跃提出自己的疑问和观点,进而培养学生的创新意识和提高学习兴趣。由于BOPPPS教学模式的流程化,所以该融合点可以充分保证教学设计的完整性,进而提高教师的教学水平和学生的学习成绩。与将“BOPPPS教学模式作为对分课堂的讲授环节”相比,此融合点更具有应用的普遍性,但也存在教学环节过多的问题,需要授课教师具备良好的课堂教学时间掌控能力。
公共事业管理专业是医学院校主要管理类专业之一。刘丹丹等[12]将“对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式进行拆分、整合——保留两种教学模式的所有环节”用于公共事业管理专业《卫生服务市场营销管理课程》的课堂教学,认为此模式可以显著提高学生参与课堂的积极性、学习的主动性、自学能力、团队交流与协作能力,并可以提升师生之间的交流与协作。此融合点将对分课堂教学模式的“讨论环节”和BOPPPS教学模式的“参与式学习”环节融合成一个环节,且“讲授”“内化吸收”独立于“参与式学习”之外,有别于将对分课堂教学模式作为BOPPPS的“参与式学习”环节的融合点。通过分组讨论等环节给予学生独立学习和思考的时间。因此,学生的积极性、主动性、自学能力、团队交流与协作能力显著提升。
左小红等[13]将“对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式进行拆分、整合——部分保留两种教学模式的环节”用于中医学专业《皮肤性病学》课程线上教学,通过课堂测试发现取得较好教学效果。此融合点主要以对分课堂教学模式为核心,通过独学和分组讨论引导学生自学、发散思维,通过教师点评提高知识点的深度和高度,进而提高学生的学习兴趣和学习效果。与其他融合点相比,明显减少了教学环节,更有利于教师对教学环节和时间的把控。但从教学设计角度,此融合点可以将“学习目标”环节单独列出,并补充总结环节。
对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式联合应用可以实现优势互补,在实际应用过程中,可以将BOPPPS教学模式作为对分课堂的讲授环节或将对分课堂教学模式作为BOPPPS的“参与式学习”环节,或将对分课堂和BOPPPS教学模式进行拆分、整合。在实际应用过程中还是需要根据教师的授课习惯及课堂把控能力、课程性质与目标、学情以及人才培养目标等综合选择一种适合的课堂教学模式。联合应用两种教学模式应注重信息化技术的应用,同时需要对综合教学模式进行反复的应用与持续改进,并利用短时间让学生能够适应与配合这种联合应用的教学模式。
  • 黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20210912)
  • 牡丹江医学院教育教学改革项目(JY2015030)
  • 牡丹江医学院一流本科课程建设项目
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2024年第51卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401099
  • 接收时间:2024-01-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-09
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黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20210912)
牡丹江医学院教育教学改革项目(JY2015030)
牡丹江医学院一流本科课程建设项目
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    1.牡丹江医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江 牡丹江 157011
    2.牡丹江医学院卫生管理学院
    3.牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院,黑龙江 牡丹江 157011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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