Article(id=1240738489046717283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501216, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744707595, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744707595, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744707595, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744707595, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1705, endPage=1712, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738489575199613, articleId=1240738489046717283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Genetic prediction of the association between glucosamine and fracture occurrence, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the causal association between glucosamine and the risk of fracture using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods

This study was based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies of glucosamine and fracture in the European population. First, univariate MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted method,MR-Egger regression method, weighted median method, and MR-PRESSO. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding palindromic instrumental variables, leave-one-out analysis, and reverse MR to verify the robustness of the results. Finally, multivariate MR analysis was used to evaluate the independent effect of glucosamine on fracture occurrence.

Results

The results of the univariate inverse-variance weighted method showed that genetically predicted glucosamine was associated with a reduced risk of fracture (OR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.90-0.99, P=0.015). In addition, the results obtained by the MR-Egger regression method, weighted median method, and MR-PRESSO were consistent with those of the inverse-variance weighted method. Sensitivity analysis further verified the stability of the results. In the multivariate MR analysis, after adjusting for the potential effects of chondroitin, vitamin supplements, and osteoarthritis, the results still supported a negative causal relationship between glucosamine and the risk of fracture (adjusted for chondroitin: OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.46-0.80, P=4.1×10-4; adjusted for vitamins: OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.81-0.93, P=1.1×10-4;adjusted for osteoarthritis: OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.29-0.73, P=9.7×10-4).

Conclusion

Glucosamine can reduce the risk of fracture.

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目的

采用两样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)方法分析氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生风险之间的因果关联。

方法

本研究基于欧洲人群的氨基葡萄糖与骨折的全基因组关联研究汇总数据,首先采用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法和MR-PRESSO进行单变量MR分析。通过排除回文结构工具变量、逐个剔除检验和反向MR进行敏感性分析,验证结果的稳健性。最后采用多变量MR分析评估氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的独立效应。

结果

单变量逆方差加权法的分析结果表明,遗传预测的氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生风险降低有关(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.90~0.99,P=0.015)。此外,MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法和MR-PRESSO得出的结果与逆方差加权法一致。敏感性分析进一步验证了结果的稳定性。在多变量MR分析中,经校正软骨素、维生素补充剂及骨关节炎的潜在影响后,结果仍支持氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生风险之间存在负向因果关系(校正软骨素:OR=0.61,95%CI:0.46~0.80,P=4.1×10-4;校正维生素:OR=0.87,95%CI:0.81~0.93,P=1.1×10-4;校正骨关节炎:OR=0.46,95%CI:0.29~0.73,P=9.7×10-4)。

结论

氨基葡萄糖能够降低骨折发生风险。

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孙蕾,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GNEqmwzPANiSF323/5WBiw==, magXml=ysEqB57ua7hxxcIqwi0PyQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5hR7VVtLYpK4qahZqGr9mw==, pdfFileSize=1209464, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=c0uadolnlXxqAj5XXKTFdQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7RzbHL07ybDOuwEl+iT8Ew==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朱江波(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与健康

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朱江波(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与健康

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Epidemiology, 2017, 28(1): 30-42., articleTitle=Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081891000995962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=19, issue=1, pageStart=75, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Su W, Lv C, Huang LT, journalName=Nutrition & Metabolism, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su W, Lv C, Huang LT, et al. Glucosamine delays the progression of osteoporosis in senile mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy[J].Nutrition & Metabolism, 2022, 19(1): 75., articleTitle=Glucosamine delays the progression of osteoporosis in senile mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081891068104828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=23, issue=9, pageStart=4776, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Mccarty MF, Lewis lujan L, Iloki assanga S, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mccarty MF, Lewis lujan L, Iloki assanga S. Targeting Sirt1,AMPK, Nrf2, CK2, and soluble guanylate cyclase with nutraceuticals:a practical strategy for preserving bone mass[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(9): 4776., articleTitle=Targeting Sirt1,AMPK, Nrf2, CK2, and soluble guanylate cyclase with nutraceuticals:a practical strategy for preserving bone mass, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081886936715303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, awardId=2024NSFTD0030, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅自然科学基金创新研究群体(2024NSFTD0030), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081877235290878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081877239485182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, companyId=1241081877235290878, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081877243679487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, companyId=1241081877235290878, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081883245728728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Schematic diagram outlining the Mendelian randomization approach, figureFileSmall=r2EGMCaRy3IcKFT9+6R2Tw==, figureFileBig=7ab9vEdmH39xCSEY4PqSNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081883338003419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MR方法示意图, figureFileSmall=r2EGMCaRy3IcKFT9+6R2Tw==, figureFileBig=7ab9vEdmH39xCSEY4PqSNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081884952810467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Results from univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis of genetically predicted glucosamine on incident fracture, figureFileSmall=jEKa66H9Bv9E8hZ7jfeizA==, figureFileBig=j/FFCXLfk9MSwDCTqAXO6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081885057668072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=CN, label=图2, caption=遗传预测的氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生的单变量及多变量MR结果, figureFileSmall=jEKa66H9Bv9E8hZ7jfeizA==, figureFileBig=j/FFCXLfk9MSwDCTqAXO6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081885233828844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Results from leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, figureFileSmall=YRWkPgf4O/4PhS7YtMe+Ag==, figureFileBig=FcVImTQaXE7NI0oKmHuzjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081885351269360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=CN, label=图3, caption=逐个剔除检验敏感性分析结果, figureFileSmall=YRWkPgf4O/4PhS7YtMe+Ag==, figureFileBig=FcVImTQaXE7NI0oKmHuzjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081885460321272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Results from reverse Mendelian randomization analysis, figureFileSmall=8xKduvi7Xu4xq74KNvVQlw==, figureFileBig=Bpiq+dIyJrpnhNPHd0wn3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081885628093438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=CN, label=图4, caption=反向MR分析结果, figureFileSmall=8xKduvi7Xu4xq74KNvVQlw==, figureFileBig=Bpiq+dIyJrpnhNPHd0wn3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081885741339649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Source and description of GWAS summary statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型样本量 (病例数)性别人种数据来源
氨基葡萄糖360 016 (75 603)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
软骨素361 141 (6 498)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
维生素补充剂54 162 (23 289)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
骨关节炎462 933(38 472)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
骨折416 795 (53 184)男女混合欧洲人群GEFOS
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885854584836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GWAS汇总数据来源和描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型样本量 (病例数)性别人种数据来源
氨基葡萄糖360 016 (75 603)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
软骨素361 141 (6 498)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
维生素补充剂54 162 (23 289)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
骨关节炎462 933(38 472)男女混合欧洲人群UKB WGS consortium
骨折416 795 (53 184)男女混合欧洲人群GEFOS
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885963636742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Summary information on glucosamine SNPs used as IVs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPCHRPOSA1A2Beta P-valueF-statistics
rs107401011064746142GA0.1270.0014.42×10-856
rs108408991217996887AG-0.1080.0014.75×10-843
rs15099521064739668TC0.1270.0013.96×10-855
rs47467461064699981TC0.1260.0014.81×10-858
rs64798461064655471CA0.1260.0014.87×10-855
rs64798481064659101CT0.1260.0014.94×10-852
rs64798601064745865TC0.1270.0014.58×10-856
rs71002041064640543CT0.1270.0014.02×10-850
rs71003201064640594CT0.1290.0012.91×10-858
rs7665570442152351AC0.1230.0014.34×10-846
), ArticleFig(id=1241081886072688650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

作为IVs的氨基葡萄糖相关SNPs基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPCHRPOSA1A2Beta P-valueF-statistics
rs107401011064746142GA0.1270.0014.42×10-856
rs108408991217996887AG-0.1080.0014.75×10-843
rs15099521064739668TC0.1270.0013.96×10-855
rs47467461064699981TC0.1260.0014.81×10-858
rs64798461064655471CA0.1260.0014.87×10-855
rs64798481064659101CT0.1260.0014.94×10-852
rs64798601064745865TC0.1270.0014.58×10-856
rs71002041064640543CT0.1270.0014.02×10-850
rs71003201064640594CT0.1290.0012.91×10-858
rs7665570442152351AC0.1230.0014.34×10-846
), ArticleFig(id=1241081886215294989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Summary information on chondroitin SNPs used as IVs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPCHRPOSA1A2Beta P-value
rs102388997153492868CT-0.1280.0012.81×10-8
rs102469387153466423TA-0.1290.0011.31×10-8
rs102471957153466623GA-0.1290.0011.34×10-8
rs102638167153470742GA-0.1290.0011.28×10-8
rs102684027153485627CT-0.1250.0013.73×10-8
rs102822647153492809TC-0.1250.0013.97×10-8
rs112402291204576522TC0.1630.0015.55×10-9
rs115847001204576983GA0.1630.0015.23×10-9
rs115888571204587047AG0.1640.0014.16×10-9
rs120404591204564558AG0.1570.0012.71×10-8
rs120405201204564762AG0.1530.0014.31×10-8
rs120445991204564714GA0.1530.0014.18×10-8
rs120467471204593696AG0.1540.0012.02×10-8
rs168536661204403856CT0.1540.0013.30×10-8
rs168540231204551830CT0.1700.0015.47×10-9
rs20981127153487944AG-0.1240.0014.19×10-8
rs21594627153478989AG-0.1270.0012.49×10-8
rs25331237153483021GA-0.1250.0013.61×10-8
rs25331257153473188GA-0.1280.0011.81×10-8
rs25331267153473086AG-0.1280.0011.81×10-8
rs25331287153471543GA-0.1270.0012.07×10-8
rs25331337153466068AG-0.1290.0011.47×10-8
rs25331377153465680CG-0.1280.0011.74×10-8
rs25331457153463438GT-0.1290.0011.29×10-8
rs25331487153462806CT-0.1300.0011.11×10-8
rs25331967153489530AG-0.1280.0012.85×10-8
rs25332737153485282AC-0.1310.0019.57×10-9
rs25384627153497853CT-0.1370.0013.73×10-8
rs26221037153496171AG-0.1380.0011.28×10-8
rs26221667153486905AG-0.1250.0014.10×10-8
rs26221707153486033AT-0.1250.0013.83×10-8
rs26221717153485893GA-0.1260.0013.20×10-8
rs26221857153472469GA-0.1290.0011.33×10-8
rs26222177153464429CG-0.1270.0012.05×10-8
rs26222257153492123GA-0.1250.0014.02×10-8
rs26222267153491516GA-0.1250.0013.55×10-8
rs29076747153471050GA-0.1280.0011.71×10-8
rs37476301204588140AG0.1560.0014.53×10-9
rs37476311204587569CG0.1630.0015.01×10-9
rs37890441204589101AG0.1540.0012.09×10-8
rs556785221204573481AG0.1630.0015.48×10-9
rs559790511204567041GA0.1560.0013.33×10-8
rs598836127153484125CT-0.1270.0013.99×10-8
rs600094497153489996CT-0.1290.0013.32×10-8
rs618174821204570347AG0.1570.0012.63×10-8
rs69587697153487814TC-0.1250.0014.14×10-8
rs734881917153465730GA-0.1290.0011.43×10-8
), ArticleFig(id=1241081886404038673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

作为IVs的软骨素相关SNPs基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPCHRPOSA1A2Beta P-value
rs102388997153492868CT-0.1280.0012.81×10-8
rs102469387153466423TA-0.1290.0011.31×10-8
rs102471957153466623GA-0.1290.0011.34×10-8
rs102638167153470742GA-0.1290.0011.28×10-8
rs102684027153485627CT-0.1250.0013.73×10-8
rs102822647153492809TC-0.1250.0013.97×10-8
rs112402291204576522TC0.1630.0015.55×10-9
rs115847001204576983GA0.1630.0015.23×10-9
rs115888571204587047AG0.1640.0014.16×10-9
rs120404591204564558AG0.1570.0012.71×10-8
rs120405201204564762AG0.1530.0014.31×10-8
rs120445991204564714GA0.1530.0014.18×10-8
rs120467471204593696AG0.1540.0012.02×10-8
rs168536661204403856CT0.1540.0013.30×10-8
rs168540231204551830CT0.1700.0015.47×10-9
rs20981127153487944AG-0.1240.0014.19×10-8
rs21594627153478989AG-0.1270.0012.49×10-8
rs25331237153483021GA-0.1250.0013.61×10-8
rs25331257153473188GA-0.1280.0011.81×10-8
rs25331267153473086AG-0.1280.0011.81×10-8
rs25331287153471543GA-0.1270.0012.07×10-8
rs25331337153466068AG-0.1290.0011.47×10-8
rs25331377153465680CG-0.1280.0011.74×10-8
rs25331457153463438GT-0.1290.0011.29×10-8
rs25331487153462806CT-0.1300.0011.11×10-8
rs25331967153489530AG-0.1280.0012.85×10-8
rs25332737153485282AC-0.1310.0019.57×10-9
rs25384627153497853CT-0.1370.0013.73×10-8
rs26221037153496171AG-0.1380.0011.28×10-8
rs26221667153486905AG-0.1250.0014.10×10-8
rs26221707153486033AT-0.1250.0013.83×10-8
rs26221717153485893GA-0.1260.0013.20×10-8
rs26221857153472469GA-0.1290.0011.33×10-8
rs26222177153464429CG-0.1270.0012.05×10-8
rs26222257153492123GA-0.1250.0014.02×10-8
rs26222267153491516GA-0.1250.0013.55×10-8
rs29076747153471050GA-0.1280.0011.71×10-8
rs37476301204588140AG0.1560.0014.53×10-9
rs37476311204587569CG0.1630.0015.01×10-9
rs37890441204589101AG0.1540.0012.09×10-8
rs556785221204573481AG0.1630.0015.48×10-9
rs559790511204567041GA0.1560.0013.33×10-8
rs598836127153484125CT-0.1270.0013.99×10-8
rs600094497153489996CT-0.1290.0013.32×10-8
rs618174821204570347AG0.1570.0012.63×10-8
rs69587697153487814TC-0.1250.0014.14×10-8
rs734881917153465730GA-0.1290.0011.43×10-8
), ArticleFig(id=1241081886508896281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738489046717283, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Summary information on vitamin supplement SNPs used as IVs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPCHRPOSA1A2Beta P-value
rs10005662442178259TC-0.0420.0042.84×10-6
rs10010204442162182CG-0.0420.0042.31×10-6
rs10034294442187640TC-0.0510.0055.80×10-7
rs104595441474419191GC-0.0450.0053.72×10-6
rs111590451474378984TC-0.0450.0054.85×10-6
rs115599941240336494AG-0.0340.0044.50×10-6
rs125900011474368920CT-0.0450.0054.80×10-6
rs19637981474372862CT-0.0450.0054.79×10-6
rs20796321474421212GC-0.0460.0053.03×10-6
rs28591364442174012GT-0.0420.0042.73×10-6
rs28668005442174395TC-0.0420.0042.99×10-6
rs28687702442181516TG-0.0420.0043.00×10-6
rs28719870442157823GA-0.0520.0051.51×10-7
rs34902783442184017CA-0.0420.0042.84×10-6
rs35079923442184622TA-0.0420.0042.98×10-6
rs42935732161877629TG0.0320.0034.62×10-6
rs4299622442164386GA-0.0420.0042.55×10-6
rs4861121043243510GA-0.0420.0044.40×10-6
rs49031631474451171CT-0.0460.0053.17×10-6
rs4932301043247120AG-0.0420.0044.55×10-6
rs5074851043250110CA-0.0590.0053.04×10-7
rs5384291043251146TC-0.0420.0044.86×10-6
rs56087460442171632AG-0.0420.0042.74×10-6
rs6186871043232419GA-0.0420.0043.98×10-6
rs6714291043248258CT-0.0420.0044.28×10-6
rs6777491043243001CA-0.0420.0043.98×10-6
rs6811916442183856CT-0.0420.0042.79×10-6
rs6828811442161066CT-0.0520.0051.23×10-7
rs6857720442158529AT-0.0510.0052.43×10-7
rs71413921474428286GA-0.0460.0053.17×10-6
rs71608101442168329TC-0.0420.0042.57×10-6
rs71608102442168399TG-0.0420.0042.55×10-6
rs716486481241472176AG-0.0770.0082.16×10-6
rs7665570442152351AC-0.0420.0044.22×10-6
rs79600231240329432CA-0.0340.0043.94×10-6
rs80168021474462213GA-0.0450.0054.64×10-6
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作为IVs的维生素补充剂相关SNPs基本信息

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rs10005662442178259TC-0.0420.0042.84×10-6
rs10010204442162182CG-0.0420.0042.31×10-6
rs10034294442187640TC-0.0510.0055.80×10-7
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rs35079923442184622TA-0.0420.0042.98×10-6
rs42935732161877629TG0.0320.0034.62×10-6
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rs4861121043243510GA-0.0420.0044.40×10-6
rs49031631474451171CT-0.0460.0053.17×10-6
rs4932301043247120AG-0.0420.0044.55×10-6
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rs71608102442168399TG-0.0420.0042.55×10-6
rs716486481241472176AG-0.0770.0082.16×10-6
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Summary information on osteoarthritis SNPs used as IVs

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SNPCHRPOSA1A2Beta P-value
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rs2061027233434336AG0.0410.023.21×10-13
rs62262139350022049AG0.0430.029.16×10-11
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rs9196429116911147TA0.0540.038.69×10-15
rs110311911130774280TG0.0360.021.42×10-8
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作为IVs的骨关节炎相关SNPs基本信息

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SNPCHRPOSA1A2Beta P-value
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rs2061027233434336AG0.0410.023.21×10-13
rs62262139350022049AG0.0430.029.16×10-11
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遗传预测的氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生的关联研究
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朱江波 , 周进宇 , 韩韬 , 邓琴 , 侯娇娇 , 沙琳娜 , 姜侠 , 孙蕾
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(9): 1705-1712
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(9): 1705-1712
遗传预测的氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生的关联研究
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朱江波, 周进宇, 韩韬, 邓琴, 侯娇娇, 沙琳娜, 姜侠, 孙蕾
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 朱江波(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与健康

通讯作者:

孙蕾,E-mail:
Genetic prediction of the association between glucosamine and fracture occurrence
Jiang-bo ZHU, Jin-yu ZHOU, Tao HAN, Qin DENG, Jiao-jiao HOU, Lin-na SHA, Xia JIANG, Lei SUN
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501216
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目的

采用两样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)方法分析氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生风险之间的因果关联。

方法

本研究基于欧洲人群的氨基葡萄糖与骨折的全基因组关联研究汇总数据,首先采用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法和MR-PRESSO进行单变量MR分析。通过排除回文结构工具变量、逐个剔除检验和反向MR进行敏感性分析,验证结果的稳健性。最后采用多变量MR分析评估氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的独立效应。

结果

单变量逆方差加权法的分析结果表明,遗传预测的氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生风险降低有关(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.90~0.99,P=0.015)。此外,MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法和MR-PRESSO得出的结果与逆方差加权法一致。敏感性分析进一步验证了结果的稳定性。在多变量MR分析中,经校正软骨素、维生素补充剂及骨关节炎的潜在影响后,结果仍支持氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生风险之间存在负向因果关系(校正软骨素:OR=0.61,95%CI:0.46~0.80,P=4.1×10-4;校正维生素:OR=0.87,95%CI:0.81~0.93,P=1.1×10-4;校正骨关节炎:OR=0.46,95%CI:0.29~0.73,P=9.7×10-4)。

结论

氨基葡萄糖能够降低骨折发生风险。

氨基葡萄糖  /  骨折  /  孟德尔随机化  /  因果推断
Objective

To analyze the causal association between glucosamine and the risk of fracture using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods

This study was based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies of glucosamine and fracture in the European population. First, univariate MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted method,MR-Egger regression method, weighted median method, and MR-PRESSO. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding palindromic instrumental variables, leave-one-out analysis, and reverse MR to verify the robustness of the results. Finally, multivariate MR analysis was used to evaluate the independent effect of glucosamine on fracture occurrence.

Results

The results of the univariate inverse-variance weighted method showed that genetically predicted glucosamine was associated with a reduced risk of fracture (OR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.90-0.99, P=0.015). In addition, the results obtained by the MR-Egger regression method, weighted median method, and MR-PRESSO were consistent with those of the inverse-variance weighted method. Sensitivity analysis further verified the stability of the results. In the multivariate MR analysis, after adjusting for the potential effects of chondroitin, vitamin supplements, and osteoarthritis, the results still supported a negative causal relationship between glucosamine and the risk of fracture (adjusted for chondroitin: OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.46-0.80, P=4.1×10-4; adjusted for vitamins: OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.81-0.93, P=1.1×10-4;adjusted for osteoarthritis: OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.29-0.73, P=9.7×10-4).

Conclusion

Glucosamine can reduce the risk of fracture.

Glucosamine  /  Fracture  /  Mendelian randomization  /  Causal inference
朱江波, 周进宇, 韩韬, 邓琴, 侯娇娇, 沙琳娜, 姜侠, 孙蕾. 遗传预测的氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1705 -1712 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501216
Jiang-bo ZHU, Jin-yu ZHOU, Tao HAN, Qin DENG, Jiao-jiao HOU, Lin-na SHA, Xia JIANG, Lei SUN. Genetic prediction of the association between glucosamine and fracture occurrence[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1705 -1712 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501216
骨折(fracture)是指骨质完整性及连续性部分或完全断裂的一种疾病,通常是骨质疏松症的严重并发症,多见于老年人,最常发生在髋部、脊柱和桡骨远端。随着全球人口老龄化的加剧,骨折已成为日益受到关注的公共卫生问题[1]。全球疾病负担研究报告显示,2019年全球新发骨折病例高达1.78亿[2];而2019年中国骨折的发病率已达到每10万人1 496例[3],骨折的发病率和疾病负担呈现逐年上升趋势。研究表明,骨折的发生与种族、年龄、职业、生活方式及遗传因素密切相关[4]。识别并干预可改变的危险因素,对于预防骨折发生具有重要的公共卫生意义。
氨基葡萄糖(glucosamine)是形成人体软骨细胞的重要组成成分,广泛用于缓解骨关节炎和关节不适[5],同时也常作为营养补充剂使用[6]。现有研究表明,氨基葡萄糖具有抗炎作用[7],并可能对多种疾病产生积极影响,包括预防结直肠癌[8]、心血管疾病[9]、2型糖尿病[10]和痴呆[11]等。在骨骼健康方面,除了用于治疗骨关节炎,研究还发现,氨基葡萄糖通过调节与骨代谢相关的信号通路(如Wnt/β-catenin)[12],可能有助于促进骨基质合成、减缓骨吸收,从而对降低骨折风险产生一定影响。然而,关于氨基葡萄糖与骨折之间的关系,目前的研究仍较为有限。部分动物实验和临床试验表明,氨基葡萄糖可能有助于骨折愈合[13-14]。而一项社区干预试验则表明,氨基葡萄糖联合运动对骨折发生率并无显著影响[15]。因此,关于氨基葡萄糖是否能够有效降低骨折发生风险,现有研究结果尚不一致。
传统流行病学研究设计易受混杂因素和反向因果关联的影响,而干预试验则常面临样本量小、干预时间短及研究对象易失访等限制。孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization, MR)是一种依托遗传学原理的因果分析方法[16]。该技术基于全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study, GWAS)的大规模数据,将基因中的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)作为工具变量(instrument variable, IV),以探讨暴露因素与结局之间的因果关系。然而,目前尚未有MR研究探讨氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生之间的因果关联。因此,本研究使用公开的欧洲人群大样本GWAS汇总数据,通过两样本单变量MR分析探索氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生之间是否存在因果关联,并运用多变量MR方法调整与氨基葡萄糖使用相关的软骨素、维生素补充剂及骨关节炎,以评估氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的独立效应。
氨基葡萄糖、软骨素、维生素补充剂和骨关节炎的GWAS数据均来自英国生物银行(UK Biobank,UKB),其中,氨基葡萄糖、软骨素、维生素补充剂的摄入信息由参与者自我报告,骨关节炎由临床医生诊断或参与者自我报告[17]。本研究使用了基于Neale实验室(http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank)发布的361 194名英国白人参与者的GWAS汇总数据,具体包括360 016名参与者的氨基葡萄糖数据、361 141名参与者的软骨素数据、54 162名参与者的维生素数据以及462 933名参与者的骨关节炎数据[11]。骨折的GWAS数据来自GEFOS(GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis Consortium),该数据集包含416 795名欧洲血统参与者,其中骨折患者共53 184名,骨折病例的评估方式为临床医生诊断或参与者自我报告[18]。本研究使用的数据均为公开发表的GWAS汇总数据,所有原始研究均已获得伦理批准,无需额外的伦理批准。以上所有数据均在欧洲人群中获得,见表1
本研究首先运用单变量MR方法探索氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生之间的因果关联。将氨基葡萄糖作为暴露因素,选取与其显著相关的SNPs作为IVs,以骨折作为结局变量。采用MR方法进行因果推断必须符合三个基本假设[19]:(1)IVs(G)必须与暴露因素(X)显著相关,即“相关性”假设;(2)IVs(G)需独立于暴露-结局(X-Y)之间的混杂因素(U),即“独立性”假设;(3)IVs(G)对结局变量(Y)的影响只能通过暴露因素(X)间接产生,而不能直接作用于结局,即“排他性”假设。相关原理见图1A
由于氨基葡萄糖使用者可能更倾向于同时使用软骨素或其他维生素补充剂,是否患有骨关节炎也可能影响氨基葡萄糖的使用行为。因此,本研究进一步采用多变量MR方法,在调整软骨素、维生素补充剂及骨关节炎后,评估氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的独立因果效应。相关方法原理见图1B
本研究筛选了每个暴露因素在GWAS中达到显著阈值的SNPs作为IVs:对于维生素补充剂,由于其遗传信号解释力较弱,采用较宽松阈值(P<5×10-6);其他暴露因素的筛选标准均为P<5×10-8。同时,为确保IVs的独立性,筛选的SNPs需满足互不相关的要求(即SNPs之间相隔超过10 000 kb且R2<0.001)。为满足“排他性”假设,排除了与结局密切相关的SNPs。此外,本研究还剔除了回文SNPs,并通过计算F统计量评估IVs的强度。F统计量的计算公式为:,其中,R2采用近似公式R2=2×EAF×(1-EAF)×β2计算。这里N指氨基葡萄糖GWAS的样本量,k表示纳入的SNPs数量,R2表示所选SNPs能够解释暴露因素的比例,EAF为效应等位基因频率,β是对暴露因素的遗传效应估计。当F≥10时,MR分析中发生弱IVs偏倚的风险较低。
研究采用随机效应模型逆方差加权法(inverse-variance-weighted,IVW)作为主要分析工具,并通过MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法以及MR-PRESSO对结果的可靠性和一致性进行了验证。在IVs不具有多效性的情况下,首选IVW法,因为在这种条件下,IVW法可以为因果效应提供无偏且最有效的估计值[20]。MR-Egger回归法可有效降低“水平多效性”存在时可能引发的MR结果估计偏差[21]。然而,若少于50%的IVs存在水平多效性,则应考虑使用MR-PRESSO进行分析[22]。当至少50%的SNPs为有效IVs时,采用加权中位数法可对MR分析的因果效应进行无偏估计[23]。若IVW方法的P<0.05,并且与其他MR分析方法所得结果方向一致,则可认定因果关联有统计学意义。
本研究还进行了三项敏感性分析。首先,采用IVW对去除回文结构后的效应值进行计算,以确保效应等位基因能够被正确识别;其次,采取逐个剔除检验方法,每次去除一个SNP,利用剩余的SNPs进行IVW分析,以排除非特异性SNP对结果的影响[24];最后,进行反向MR分析,即以骨折为暴露因素、氨基葡萄糖为结局因素,检验因果关系方向是否正确。
在上述分析基础上,本研究运用多变量MR方法,通过调整软骨素、维生素补充剂和骨关节炎以评估氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的独立效应。
所有统计分析均在R 4.2.3软件中借助“TwoSampleMR”和“MRInstruments”等软件包实施,检验水准α=0.05。
经过筛选,本研究共选取了10个与氨基葡萄糖显著相关的SNPs作为IVs,见表2。每个SNP的F统计量均大于10,表明这些SNPs与氨基葡萄糖存在强相关性,弱IVs偏倚的风险较低。此外,用于多变量MR分析的软骨素、维生素补充剂及骨关节炎相关IVs的筛选结果分别见表3~5
在单变量MR分析中,IVW法显示遗传预测的氨基葡萄糖对骨折具有的保护作用(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.90~0.99;P=0.015)。MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法和MR-PRESSO的结果与IVW法一致。见图2
敏感性分析显示,在剔除回文结构SNPs后,氨基葡萄糖对骨折的保护性因果效应仍然存在,进一步证明了结果的稳健性,见图2。逐个剔除检验的结果表明,逐一剔除SNP后,剩余SNPs的IVW分析MR结果无实质性变化,表明所得结果相对稳健,见图3。反向MR未发现骨折对氨基葡萄糖存在因果效应(IVW:OR=1.01;95%CI:1.00~1.02;P=0.08),见图4
多变量MR结果显示,在调整软骨素(OR=0.61,P=4.1×10-4)、维生素补充剂(OR=0.87,P=1.1×10-4)和骨关节炎(OR=0.46,P= 9.7×10-4)后,氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的保护作用仍然存在,与单变量MR结果一致,见图2
本研究利用公开的欧洲人群大样本GWAS汇总数据,综合运用两样本单变量MR和多变量MR的研究设计,探究氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生之间的因果关联。单变量MR分析显示,氨基葡萄糖是骨折发生的保护因素,且不同的MR分析方法和敏感性分析结果均一致。在调整软骨素、维生素补充剂和骨关节炎后,多变量MR结果进一步支持了氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的独立因果效应。上述研究结果提示,氨基葡萄糖能够降低骨折发生风险。
近年来,国内外已有较多研究探索了氨基葡萄糖与骨骼健康之间的关联及其作用机制,但目前关于氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生关联的研究仍然非常有限。国内一项社区干预研究将氨基葡萄糖、硫酸软骨素联合骨健康操作为干预措施,对103名绝经后女性进行为期6个月的干预,103名对照组绝经后女性不作任何处理,结果显示干预组与对照组的骨折发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05),而干预组的跌倒发生率(5.94% vs.17.00%)和骨密度值[(-1.83±-0.34)vs.(-2.06±-0.30)]显著优于对照组(P<0.05)[15]。该研究未观察到本研究发现的氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生的保护效应,可能与以下因素有关:样本量较小,导致统计效能不足;观察周期较短,骨折结局尚未出现;采用了氨基葡萄糖、硫酸软骨素联合骨健康操的复合干预措施,难以区分氨基葡萄糖单独对骨折发生率的影响。另有研究探讨了氨基葡萄糖对骨折的治疗效果。一项研究评估了氨基葡萄糖联合骨康胶囊在胫骨平台骨折术后的临床疗效,结果显示,对照组(仅口服氨基葡萄糖胶囊)的治疗有效率为75%,而干预组(氨基葡萄糖联合骨康胶囊)的治疗有效率为92.5%,组间差异具有统计学意义,表明氨基葡萄糖对骨折愈合可能具有一定益处,且联合骨康胶囊的治疗效果更佳[13]。既往的动物实验探究了氨基葡萄糖对去卵巢小鼠骨骼代谢的影响,结果表明氨基葡萄糖能够以非雌激素的方式、通过抑制破骨细胞的分化和活性来降低骨质流失[14]。近年也有类似的动物实验探究氨基葡萄糖对衰老小鼠骨质疏松症是否存在延缓作用,其结果支持氨基葡萄糖能够促进成骨细胞自噬和增殖、改善骨质疏松小鼠的骨密度和骨骼微结构,以延缓骨质疏松症的进展[25]。有研究发现氨基葡萄糖改善骨骼健康背后的作用机制可能是氨基葡萄糖激活蛋白sirtuin 1,增强成骨细胞中转录因子RUNX2的表达,同时促进成骨细胞和骨细胞的自噬并抑制其凋亡,从而影响骨密度[26]
本研究为首个利用MR分析探讨氨基葡萄糖与骨折发生之间关联的研究,克服了传统流行病学方法中的潜在混杂因素偏倚和反向因果关联的干扰,从而实现了更高可信度的因果推断。本研究所使用的大型GWAS数据样本量大,能够有效提高统计效能,且每个IV的F统计值均大于10,表明无弱IVs偏倚影响。本研究在使用多种MR分析方法的基础上,还进行了几项重要的敏感性分析,并在调整潜在混在因素后进行多变量MR分析,所有分析方法均得出一致结果,确保了研究结果的稳健性。然而,本研究仍然存在一些局限性。第一,本研究所选择的人群局限于欧洲血统,其结果不能直接外推到其他人群。第二,尽管本研究使用的IVs与暴露因素显著相关,但由于氨基葡萄糖作为一个复杂表型可能还会受到多种环境因素的影响,IVs仅能解释一部分遗传变异,不能作为暴露因素的精确代表,尚不能完全消除未知的水平多效性影响,因此,本研究在IVW方法的基础上,增加了MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法及MR-PRESSO进行分析,以增强结果的可靠性。
综上所述,本研究运用两样本单变量MR和多变量MR研究方法,发现氨基葡萄糖对骨折发生存在保护效应。本研究结果提示,对于骨折高危人群尤其是骨质疏松症患者,氨基葡萄糖或有益于降低骨折发生风险,对减轻骨折所造成的疾病负担具有一定的公共卫生意义。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501216
  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
基金
四川省科技厅自然科学基金创新研究群体(2024NSFTD0030)
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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孙蕾,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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