Article(id=1240738488367239975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411538, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732723200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744707433, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744707433, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744707433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744707433, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1713, endPage=1717, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738488866362192, articleId=1240738488367239975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing stages of self-management behavior change in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the transtheoretical model, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop and validate a questionnaire based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for assessing the stages of behavior change in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (COPD-TTM questionnaire), which can be used to evaluate patients’ behavioral stages and provide a basis for personalized interventions.

Methods

A preliminary COPD-TTM questionnaire was constructed through literature review and expert consultation, consisting of five primary dimensions and 15 secondary items. The structural validity was verified by measuring 171 COPD patients, while content validity was assessed through expert ratings. A retest was conducted two weeks later to validate the test-retest reliability.

Results

Five factors were extracted from the 15 items, cumulatively explaining 68.5% of the total variance, with item loadings for each factor not less than 0.65, indicating alignment of the questionnaire items with the expected TTM stages. The CFA results showed a χ2/v value of 1.85, CFI of 0.98, RMSEA of 0.045, and SRMR of 0.05,demonstrating good structural validity of the questionnaire. The S-CVI was 0.93, with all I-CVI values above 0.80, indicating strong content validity. The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the COPD-TTM questionnaire was 0.980, and the test-retest reliability ICC was 0.961(95%CI: 0.935-0.977), suggesting good reliability and validity.

Conclusion

The COPD-TTM questionnaire can be used to assess the stages of behavior change in patients, providing a basis for further development of individualized intervention plans. Future research should focus on a broader range of factors influencing behavior change to optimize personalized interventions.

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目的

本研究旨在开发并验证基于跨理论模型(transtheoretical Model, TTM)的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者行为改变阶段问卷(COPD-TTM问卷),用于评估患者行为阶段,提供个性化干预的依据。

方法

通过文献综述和专家函询,初步构建包含五个一级维度和15个二级条目的COPD-TTM问卷。对171名COPD患者进行测量验证结构效度,由专家评分检测内容效度,在两周后对患者进行重测验证重测信度。

结果

15个条目共提取出5个因子,累积解释了总变异的68.5%,每个因子的条目加载均不小于0.65,表明问卷条目与预期的TTM阶段相匹配。CFA结果显示,χ2/v值为1.85,CFI值为0.98,RMSEA值为0.045,SRMR值为0.05,问卷的结构效度良好;S-CVI为0.93,所有I-CVI均在0.80以上,表明问卷具有良好的内容效度;COPD-TTM问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.980,重测信度ICC为0.961(95%CI: 0.935~0.977),表明问卷具有良好的信度和效度。

结论

COPD-TTM问卷可用于评估患者的行为改变阶段,为进一步制定个体干预方案提供依据。未来研究应关注更广泛的因素对行为改变的影响,以优化个性化干预。

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秦丽丽,E-mail:
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沈莉(1981—),女,本科,主管护师,研究方向:肺康复护理

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Effects of rehabilitation exercise intervention on the pulmonary function and quality of Life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on trans-theoretical model[J].Chinese General Practice, 2018, 21(26): 3240-3245.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of rehabilitation exercise intervention on the pulmonary function and quality of Life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on trans-theoretical model, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081878980129108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, awardId=ZD202320, language=CN, fundingSource=常州市卫健委科技项目立项重大项目(ZD202320), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081880477495639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, awardId=CMC2023HL05, language=CN, fundingSource=南京医科大学常州医学中心护理类研究项目(CMC2023HL05), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081872713838637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081872722227245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, companyId=1241081872713838637, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081872730615853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, companyId=1241081872713838637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京医科大学常州医学中心,常州市第二人民医院呼吸与危重症学科,江苏 常州 213000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081872852250679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081872873222199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, companyId=1241081872852250679, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南京医科大学常州医学中心,常州市第二人民医院护理部,江苏 常州 213000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081877428236567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

EFA factor loading matrix (after Promax oblique rotation)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子1(无意图期)因子2(意图期)因子3(准备期)因子4(行动期)因子5(维持期)
A10.82-0.08-0.03-0.01-0.02
A20.760.12-0.05-0.04-0.01
A30.680.18-0.08-0.06-0.03
B10.050.780.15-0.07-0.03
B2-0.030.720.20-0.10-0.04
B3-0.010.650.25-0.12-0.05
C1-0.020.180.830.12-0.02
C2-0.040.220.760.18-0.03
C3-0.030.150.700.24-0.04
D1-0.01-0.060.140.850.11
D2-0.02-0.090.180.800.16
D3-0.01-0.120.220.750.20
E1-0.02-0.03-0.040.130.88
E2-0.01-0.04-0.070.180.82
E3-0.03-0.02-0.050.210.78
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877646340381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EFA因子载荷矩阵(Promax斜交旋转后)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子1(无意图期)因子2(意图期)因子3(准备期)因子4(行动期)因子5(维持期)
A10.82-0.08-0.03-0.01-0.02
A20.760.12-0.05-0.04-0.01
A30.680.18-0.08-0.06-0.03
B10.050.780.15-0.07-0.03
B2-0.030.720.20-0.10-0.04
B3-0.010.650.25-0.12-0.05
C1-0.020.180.830.12-0.02
C2-0.040.220.760.18-0.03
C3-0.030.150.700.24-0.04
D1-0.01-0.060.140.850.11
D2-0.02-0.090.180.800.16
D3-0.01-0.120.220.750.20
E1-0.02-0.03-0.040.130.88
E2-0.01-0.04-0.070.180.82
E3-0.03-0.02-0.050.210.78
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877889610018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Inter-factor correlation coefficient matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子因子1(无意图期)因子2(意图期)因子3(准备期)因子4(行动期)因子5(维持期)
因子11.00
因子20.281.00
因子30.150.451.00
因子40.100.380.401.00
因子50.050.250.300.351.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081878124491049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

因子间相关系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子因子1(无意图期)因子2(意图期)因子3(准备期)因子4(行动期)因子5(维持期)
因子11.00
因子20.281.00
因子30.150.451.00
因子40.100.380.401.00
因子50.050.250.300.351.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081878430675251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content validity results of the questionnaire

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级条目二级条目描述评分3或4的专家数I-CVI
A 无意图期A1 我没有意识到自己患有COPD13/150.87
A2 我意识到自己患有COPD,但不认为需要戒烟、呼吸康复训练等管理行为14/150.93
A3 我曾尝试过戒烟或其他管理行为,但目前已放弃12/150.80
B 意图期B1 我正在寻找关于COPD管理的信息,知道戒烟、呼吸康复训练等管理行为会给我带来好处14/150.93
B2 我意识到自己的COPD需要管理,准备在半年内制定管理计划13/150.87
B3 我已经开始考虑采取行动来管理我的COPD,准备在半年内实施管理计划15/151.00
C 准备期C1 我已经制定了管理COPD的具体计划,如运动锻炼,准备一个月内开始实施14/150.93
C2 我已经咨询了医生或专业人士,以获取有COPD管理的建议,准备一个月内开始14/150.93
C3 我准备一个月内开始采取措施来改变不健康的生活习惯,如戒烟13/150.87
D 行动期D1 我已经开始积极管理我的COPD,如戒烟,开始不到半年13/150.87
D2 我正在实施医生或专业人士建议的运动锻炼方案,开始不到半年15/151.00
D3 我已经在生活中采取了积极的健康行为,如戒烟、呼吸康复训练、遵循健康饮食等,开始不到半年14/150.93
E 维持期E1 我成功管理我的症状,无胸闷、呼吸困难已超过半年14/150.93
E2 我维持自己的呼吸康复训练、不吸烟等健康行为,已超过半年15/151.00
E3 我已经将COPD管理纳入我的日常生活,注意预防感染,并持续进行自我监测和调整,已超过半年15/151.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081878556504380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

问卷内容效度结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级条目二级条目描述评分3或4的专家数I-CVI
A 无意图期A1 我没有意识到自己患有COPD13/150.87
A2 我意识到自己患有COPD,但不认为需要戒烟、呼吸康复训练等管理行为14/150.93
A3 我曾尝试过戒烟或其他管理行为,但目前已放弃12/150.80
B 意图期B1 我正在寻找关于COPD管理的信息,知道戒烟、呼吸康复训练等管理行为会给我带来好处14/150.93
B2 我意识到自己的COPD需要管理,准备在半年内制定管理计划13/150.87
B3 我已经开始考虑采取行动来管理我的COPD,准备在半年内实施管理计划15/151.00
C 准备期C1 我已经制定了管理COPD的具体计划,如运动锻炼,准备一个月内开始实施14/150.93
C2 我已经咨询了医生或专业人士,以获取有COPD管理的建议,准备一个月内开始14/150.93
C3 我准备一个月内开始采取措施来改变不健康的生活习惯,如戒烟13/150.87
D 行动期D1 我已经开始积极管理我的COPD,如戒烟,开始不到半年13/150.87
D2 我正在实施医生或专业人士建议的运动锻炼方案,开始不到半年15/151.00
D3 我已经在生活中采取了积极的健康行为,如戒烟、呼吸康复训练、遵循健康饮食等,开始不到半年14/150.93
E 维持期E1 我成功管理我的症状,无胸闷、呼吸困难已超过半年14/150.93
E2 我维持自己的呼吸康复训练、不吸烟等健康行为,已超过半年15/151.00
E3 我已经将COPD管理纳入我的日常生活,注意预防感染,并持续进行自我监测和调整,已超过半年15/151.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081878703305028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The Cronbach α coefficient and test-retest reliability of the COPD-TTM questionnaire

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维度条目数量Cronbach α重测信度ICC (95% CI)
A无意图期30.9010.935 (0.910~0.950)
B意图期30.9230.945 (0.920~0.960)
C准备期30.9070.955 (0.930~0.970)
D行动期30.9260.951 (0.925~0.965)
E维持期30.9400.956 (0.930~0.975)
总问卷150.9800.961 (0.935~0.977)
), ArticleFig(id=1241081878791385415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738488367239975, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

COPD-TTM问卷的Cronbachα系数和重测信度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度条目数量Cronbach α重测信度ICC (95% CI)
A无意图期30.9010.935 (0.910~0.950)
B意图期30.9230.945 (0.920~0.960)
C准备期30.9070.955 (0.930~0.970)
D行动期30.9260.951 (0.925~0.965)
E维持期30.9400.956 (0.930~0.975)
总问卷150.9800.961 (0.935~0.977)
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基于跨理论模型的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我管理行为改变阶段问卷的开发与验证
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沈莉 1 , 沈易静 1 , 张福玲 2 , 秦丽丽 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(9): 1713-1717
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(9): 1713-1717
基于跨理论模型的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我管理行为改变阶段问卷的开发与验证
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沈莉1, 沈易静1, 张福玲2, 秦丽丽2
作者信息
  • 1.南京医科大学常州医学中心,常州市第二人民医院呼吸与危重症学科,江苏 常州 213000
  • 2.南京医科大学常州医学中心,常州市第二人民医院护理部,江苏 常州 213000
  • 沈莉(1981—),女,本科,主管护师,研究方向:肺康复护理

通讯作者:

秦丽丽,E-mail:
Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing stages of self-management behavior change in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the transtheoretical model
Li SHEN1, Yi-jing SHEN1, Fu-ling ZHANG2, Li-li QIN2
Affiliations
  • Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411538
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目的

本研究旨在开发并验证基于跨理论模型(transtheoretical Model, TTM)的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者行为改变阶段问卷(COPD-TTM问卷),用于评估患者行为阶段,提供个性化干预的依据。

方法

通过文献综述和专家函询,初步构建包含五个一级维度和15个二级条目的COPD-TTM问卷。对171名COPD患者进行测量验证结构效度,由专家评分检测内容效度,在两周后对患者进行重测验证重测信度。

结果

15个条目共提取出5个因子,累积解释了总变异的68.5%,每个因子的条目加载均不小于0.65,表明问卷条目与预期的TTM阶段相匹配。CFA结果显示,χ2/v值为1.85,CFI值为0.98,RMSEA值为0.045,SRMR值为0.05,问卷的结构效度良好;S-CVI为0.93,所有I-CVI均在0.80以上,表明问卷具有良好的内容效度;COPD-TTM问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.980,重测信度ICC为0.961(95%CI: 0.935~0.977),表明问卷具有良好的信度和效度。

结论

COPD-TTM问卷可用于评估患者的行为改变阶段,为进一步制定个体干预方案提供依据。未来研究应关注更广泛的因素对行为改变的影响,以优化个性化干预。

跨理论模型  /  慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  自我管理行为  /  信度  /  效度
Objective

To develop and validate a questionnaire based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for assessing the stages of behavior change in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (COPD-TTM questionnaire), which can be used to evaluate patients’ behavioral stages and provide a basis for personalized interventions.

Methods

A preliminary COPD-TTM questionnaire was constructed through literature review and expert consultation, consisting of five primary dimensions and 15 secondary items. The structural validity was verified by measuring 171 COPD patients, while content validity was assessed through expert ratings. A retest was conducted two weeks later to validate the test-retest reliability.

Results

Five factors were extracted from the 15 items, cumulatively explaining 68.5% of the total variance, with item loadings for each factor not less than 0.65, indicating alignment of the questionnaire items with the expected TTM stages. The CFA results showed a χ2/v value of 1.85, CFI of 0.98, RMSEA of 0.045, and SRMR of 0.05,demonstrating good structural validity of the questionnaire. The S-CVI was 0.93, with all I-CVI values above 0.80, indicating strong content validity. The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the COPD-TTM questionnaire was 0.980, and the test-retest reliability ICC was 0.961(95%CI: 0.935-0.977), suggesting good reliability and validity.

Conclusion

The COPD-TTM questionnaire can be used to assess the stages of behavior change in patients, providing a basis for further development of individualized intervention plans. Future research should focus on a broader range of factors influencing behavior change to optimize personalized interventions.

Transtheoretical model  /  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  Self-management behavior  /  Reliability  /  Validity
沈莉, 沈易静, 张福玲, 秦丽丽. 基于跨理论模型的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我管理行为改变阶段问卷的开发与验证. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1713 -1717 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411538
Li SHEN, Yi-jing SHEN, Fu-ling ZHANG, Li-li QIN. Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing stages of self-management behavior change in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the transtheoretical model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1713 -1717 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411538
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是一种常见的慢性进展性呼吸系统疾病,其高发病率和高致死率对全球公共健康构成了重大挑战[1]。COPD患者的自我管理行为,如戒烟、呼吸康复训练、遵从医嘱等,对疾病的管理和预后至关重要。跨理论模型(transtheoretical model, TTM)作为一种综合性的行为改变理论,广泛应用于慢性病管理领域[2-3]。该模型将行为改变过程划分为无意图期、意图期、准备期、行动期和维持期五个阶段[4]。目前,尚无专门评估COPD患者行为改变阶段的问卷工具。因此,本研究旨在基于TTM构建COPD患者行为改变阶段的问卷,并对其信度和效度进行验证。
本研究为横断面问卷开发与验证性研究。研究分为两个阶段:第一阶段通过文献综述和专家咨询构建问卷,第二阶段对问卷进行信效度检验。研究对象为某三级甲等医院的门诊及住院COPD患者,数据采集时间为2024年5—6月。
本研究基于TTM,通过文献回顾和半结构化访谈,初步构建包含31个条目的条目池,涵盖TTM的五个阶段:无意图期、意图期、准备期、行动期和维持期。随后,邀请15位具有呼吸内科、慢病管理和临床护理背景的专家进行两轮函询和评审。专家平均年龄(44.07±6.53)岁,均为中级及以上职称,从相关性对每个条目进行评分。相关性指条目是否准确反映TTM对应行为阶段的理论内涵(1~4分,1分为完全不相关,4分为完全相关)。至少12位专家(≥80%)评分为3或4分的条目方可保留。第一轮筛选删除未满足标准的条目,对达标条目结合专家书面反馈修改表述模糊或存在歧义的内容。将修订后的条目再次提交专家评审,重复评分流程。最终保留相关性达标的20个条目,形成初筛问卷。为进一步验证条目的可理解性和区分度,在20名COPD患者中进行预测试。预测试结果显示,部分条目存在表述不清或重复的问题。根据反馈,删除或修改不适用或重复的条目,最终保留15个条目,形成COPD患者自我管理行为改变阶段问卷(COPD-TTM问卷)。
问卷将自我管理行为改变过程划分为五个阶段,每个阶段包含3个条目,共计15个条目。每个条目采用“是”或“否”进行判断,分别计1和0分。每个维度的得分范围为0~3分,总分最高的维度即为患者当前所处的自我管理行为阶段。为提高问卷的可理解性和适用性,在问题前描述了COPD常见症状及自我管理行为的内容。COPD的常见症状包括呼吸困难、慢性咳嗽、咳痰、喘息和胸闷;自我管理行为涵盖戒烟、运动锻炼、呼吸康复训练、遵从医嘱、健康饮食和预防感染。
采用便利抽样法选取某三级甲等医院的171名COPD患者作为研究对象验证问卷。入选标准为:(1)确诊为COPD,(2)处于疾病稳定期,(3)年龄在40岁以上,(4)具有基本的沟通能力,(5)同意参与本研究。本研究经南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院伦理委员会审查批准,批准号为[2024]KY008-01,所有患者均签署知情同意书。
研究对象签署知情同意书后,填写COPD-TTM问卷,并采集其人口学特征数据。为了评估问卷的重测信度,两周后对同一批患者再次发放问卷,共有169名患者完成了重测,重测回收率为98.8%。
所有数据使用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据录入分析。连续变量用(均数±标准差)描述,等级资料用频数描述。进行探索性因子分析(exploratory factor analysis, EFA)和验证性因子分析(confirmatory factor analysis,CFA)评估问卷的结构效度。内容效度分析根据相关性评分为3或4的专家数除以专家总数,计算内容效度指数(I-CVI)和问卷的整体内容效度指数(S-CVI),I-CVI≥0.78和S-CVI≥0.9视为符合文献中的推荐标准[5-6]。信度分析包括内部一致性评估和重测信度分析,分别采用Cronbach α系数和组内相关系数(ICC)进行评价。
本研究共收集有效问卷171份,研究对象平均年龄为(75.30±11.33)岁,确诊COPD平均病程为(4.68±0.87)年,其中女性患者24名(14%),男性患者147名(86%)。
本研究采用EFA验证问卷的结构效度。基于跨理论模型(TTM)的理论框架,假设问卷包含五个因子(无意图期、意图期、准备期、行动期、维持期),在动态过程中可能存在连续性关联。采用Promax斜交旋转进行因子分析,允许因子间存在相关性。因子提取条件设置为特征值大于1,保留因子载荷≥0.4的条目。分析结果显示,15个条目共提取出5个因子,所有条目在其对应因子上的载荷均≥0.65,且交叉载荷均<0.3,表明条目归属明确,问卷的结构效度良好,累积解释总变异的68.5%,见表1。各因子间相关系数介于0.25~0.45,表明因子间存在适度关联,符合TTM行为阶段的连续性假设。随后,进行CFA以进一步验证EFA的结果,见表2。结果显示,卡方/自由度(χ2/v)比值为1.85,比较拟合指数(CFI)值为0.98,均方根残差(RMSEA)值为0.045,标准化均方根残差(SRMR)值为0.05。指标均在可接受范围内,表明问卷的结构效度良好,条目与TTM的五个阶段理论构念具有一致性。
本研究中,专家函询问卷回收率为100%,专家权威程度:熟悉程度(Cs)=0.75,判断依据(Ca)=0.95,权威系数(Cr)=0.85。COPD-TTM问卷的内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.93,所有条目的内容效度指数(I-CVI)均在0.80以上,表明问卷具有良好的内容效度。见表3
问卷的内部一致性信度分析结果显示,总问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.980,表明问卷具有高度一致性。各维度Cronbach α系数均在0.90以上,见表4。重测信度ICC为0.961(95%CI: 0.935~0.977),表明问卷具有良好时间稳定性。
本研究成功构建并验证了基于TTM的COPD患者自我管理行为改变阶段问卷。结果表明,该问卷具有较好的结构效度和内容效度,适合作为评估COPD患者行为改变阶段的工具。分析结果显示,因子间相关系数介于0.25~0.45,其中意图期与准备期的相关系数较高(r=0.45),表明患者在从“意图”过渡到“准备”阶段时,行为动机和计划性存在显著关联。这一结果与TTM的理论框架一致,支持问卷能够有效捕捉行为改变的动态特征。问卷的Cronbach α系数和重测信度均显示出较高的一致性和时间稳定性,符合心理测量学标准。问卷语言简洁明了,条目数量适中,适合老年患者使用,能够在较短时间内全面评估COPD患者的自我管理行为阶段。COPD患者的自我管理行为涵盖戒烟、运动锻炼、呼吸康复训练和预防感染等方面,对疾病的管理和预后至关重要[7]。本研究的问卷设计充分考虑这些具体行为,在问卷开篇阐明COPD常见症状及自我管理行为内容,在条目中进行简单举例,有助于患者理解问题背景,提高答题的准确性和问卷的有效性。
TTM已被广泛应用于许多慢性疾病的行为改变和健康促进中,尤其在心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症预防领域,TTM模型成功指导了行为改变干预的设计和实施。例如,在糖尿病管理中,TTM被用于管理患者的饮食、运动、药物依从性及健康教育,研究发现,基于TTM的个性化干预能够显著改善患者的生活习惯,提高患者自我效能和自我管理能力,帮助患者维持健康行为[2,8-9]。在心血管疾病的管理中,研究表明,患者通过TTM模型的不同阶段进行干预,不仅有助于减少危险因素如吸烟、缺乏运动、不健康的饮食、睡眠质量差,还能通过健康教育促进长期的健康行为保持[9-13]。在癌症康复患者中,TTM的应用也为生活方式的改变,对术后护理、饮食与运动习惯及心理调整提供了有效指导[14-18]
然而,尽管TTM在许多慢性疾病的管理中得到了广泛的应用,关于该模型在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用研究相对较少。以往的研究显示,TTM模型应用于COPD患者肺康复中,将有助于提高患者肺康复依从性,改善其肺功能和生活质量[19]。本研究的创新之处在于首次将TTM模型作为理论框架,专门用于构建评估COPD患者行为改变阶段的问卷,这种扩展的应用为COPD患者的行为评估提供了更加综合的方法,使得该评估工具不仅限于单一行为的改变,而是涵盖了多维度的自我管理。通过这种创新应用,TTM的阶段评估工具有望帮助临床医务人员更好地识别患者的行为改变动力,并为个性化干预提供依据。例如,处于“准备”阶段的患者可能需要更多的教育和支持,而处于“维持”阶段的患者则需要更加针对性的随访和巩固策略。与其他疾病的应用相比,本研究将TTM作为COPD患者行为阶段的评估工具,为未来研究提供了新的视角,拓展了该模型在慢性病管理中的应用范围。
本研究的不足之处主要是数据收集范围较为局限,便利抽样结果研究对象平均年龄在75岁左右,人群特征不够全面,对中年COPD患者及60~74岁的年轻老人代表性不够。且研究对象来源于单一医院,未能完全反映其他医疗机构中COPD患者的行为变化特征,可能会影响测量结果。其次,本研究未在新的研究对象中再次进行问卷调查,进一步进行验证性因素分析。此外,研究的文化背景、医疗资源差异等因素可能也会对结果产生影响。因此,未来的研究应考虑多中心数据收集,考虑更广泛的人群,包括不同年龄段的COPD患者,以提高研究的外部效度,进一步验证问卷的适用性和普遍性。
本研究基于TTM构建的行为改变阶段问卷,是首次专门用于评估COPD患者自我管理行为阶段的问卷。TTM模型的应用为COPD患者自我管理能力的评估提供了理论基础。未来,我们希望通过该问卷的应用,能够精准跟踪患者行为改变的进展,为其制定更加有针对性的干预措施。通过对处于不同阶段的患者进行差异化的随访与干预,可以帮助患者逐步过渡到行为维持阶段,从而提高其长期自我管理能力,减少疾病恶化的风险。未来需要在不同医疗机构进行更加广泛的数据收集,以验证该问卷的适用性和普遍性。同时,进一步研究应考虑探索更多可能影响患者行为改变的因素,如社会支持、健康知识和心理状态,以便为COPD患者提供更全面的管理策略。
  • 常州市卫健委科技项目立项重大项目(ZD202320)
  • 南京医科大学常州医学中心护理类研究项目(CMC2023HL05)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411538
  • 接收时间:2024-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-28
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常州市卫健委科技项目立项重大项目(ZD202320)
南京医科大学常州医学中心护理类研究项目(CMC2023HL05)
作者信息
    1.南京医科大学常州医学中心,常州市第二人民医院呼吸与危重症学科,江苏 常州 213000
    2.南京医科大学常州医学中心,常州市第二人民医院护理部,江苏 常州 213000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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