Article(id=1240738487448695001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411447, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732377600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744707213, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744707213, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744707213, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744707213, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1718, endPage=1723, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738487842959615, articleId=1240738487448695001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Anxiety status and influencing factors in health examination populations undergoing first-time and non-first-time low-dose spiral CT scans, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate whether there are differences in anxiety status and influencing factors between health examination populations undergoing first-time and non-first-time low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT).

Methods

This retrospective study involved individuals who underwent health examinations at a tertiary health management center from January to December 2023 (including LDCT and anxiety self-assessment scales). Participants were divided into first-time LDCT examination group and non-first-time LDCT examination group based on whether it was their first examination at this hospital. Univariate analysis utilized independent two-sample t-tests or χ2 tests. Four models were established for the overall population: Model 1 did not adjust for confounding factors; Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, examination type, occupation, education level, and alcohol history; Model 3 further adjusted for previous history of pulmonary nodules, diabetes, and hypertension; Model 4 included Body Mass Index (BMI) adjustments based on the same variables in Model 3.

Results

A total of 19 892 participants were included in this study, with an overall anxiety detection rate of 12.31%. The anxiety detection rate in the non-first-time LDCT examination group (14.27%) was higher than that in the first-time LDCT examination group (8.9%), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=122.878, P<0.05). After adjusting for the aforementioned confounding factors, the anxiety risk for those undergoing non-first-time LDCT was 1.519 times that of those undergoing first-time LDCT (OR=1.519, 95%CI: 1.374-1.68, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The non-first-time LDCT examination is an independent risk factor for anxiety in health examination populations.

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目的

探讨首次与非首次行低剂量螺旋CT检查(low-dose spiral computed tomography,LDCT)的健康体检人群焦虑现状是否存在差异及其影响因素。

方法

本研究为回顾性研究,选择2023年1—12月在某三甲健康管理中心进行健康体检人群(包含LDCT及焦虑自评量表)。根据是否首次在本院进行体检,分为首次LDCT检查组及非首次LDCT检查组。单因素分析采用两独立样本t检验或χ2检验,对总人群建立4个模型,模型1不调整混杂因素,模型2调整年龄、性别、体检形式、工作类型、教育水平、饮酒史的混杂,模型3在模型2基础上加入既往肺结节史、糖尿病、高血压疾病调整,模型4根据模型3中的同一组变量加入BMI进一步调整。

结果

本研究共纳入19 892例体检者,总体焦虑检出率为12.31%,其中非首次LDCT检查组焦虑检出率为14.27%,高于首次LDCT检查组的8.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=122.878 , P<0.05)。总人群调整以上混杂因素后,非首次进行LDCT检查的焦虑风险是首次检查的1.519倍(OR= 1.519,95%CI:1.374~1.68),P<0.001。

结论

非首次进行LDCT检查是健康体检人群焦虑的独立危险因素。

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黄文霞,E-mail:
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曾梦雪(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理护理、健康管理

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Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer, 2020, 23(7): 554-560.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Correlation between Anxiety, Depression and Changes in Th17/Treg and Inflammatory Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Nodules, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081878220952372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, awardId=HXHL21004, language=CN, fundingSource=华西护理发展基金项目(HXHL21004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081871887552963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081871900135876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, companyId=1241081871887552963, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University / Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University,Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081871904330181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, companyId=1241081871887552963, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西护理学院/四川大学华西医院健康管理中心,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081872034353618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081872042742227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, companyId=1241081872034353618, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西医院全科医学中心·健康管理中心,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081876589368016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of baseline information on the study population[($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总人群
年龄(岁)47.10±10.99
性别
10 572(53.15)
9 320(46.85)
体检形式
团队体检9 079(45.64)
个人体检10 813(54.36)
就业状态
在职15 822(79.54)
离退休2 095(10.53)
在读学生293(1.47)
无业1 682(8.46)
教育水平
小学及以下3 297(16.57)
中学/职校4 601(23.13)
大专3 264(16.41)
本科及以上8 730(43.89)
是否高血压病
17 873(89.85)
2 019(10.15)
是否糖尿病
19 031(95.67)
861(4.33)
吸烟史
14 092(70.84)
5 800(29.16)
吸烟年限(年)21.56±10.18
吸烟量(包/年)19.74±16.56
饮酒史
10 786(54.22)
9 106(45.78)
肺癌家族史(直系亲属三代以内)
18 990(95.5)
902(4.5)
既往有肺结节
17 845(89.71)
2 047(10.29)
本次首次LDCT检查
12 625(63.47)
7 267(36.53)
BMI(kg /m223.84±3.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241081876719391450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基线资料分析[($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总人群
年龄(岁)47.10±10.99
性别
10 572(53.15)
9 320(46.85)
体检形式
团队体检9 079(45.64)
个人体检10 813(54.36)
就业状态
在职15 822(79.54)
离退休2 095(10.53)
在读学生293(1.47)
无业1 682(8.46)
教育水平
小学及以下3 297(16.57)
中学/职校4 601(23.13)
大专3 264(16.41)
本科及以上8 730(43.89)
是否高血压病
17 873(89.85)
2 019(10.15)
是否糖尿病
19 031(95.67)
861(4.33)
吸烟史
14 092(70.84)
5 800(29.16)
吸烟年限(年)21.56±10.18
吸烟量(包/年)19.74±16.56
饮酒史
10 786(54.22)
9 106(45.78)
肺癌家族史(直系亲属三代以内)
18 990(95.5)
902(4.5)
既往有肺结节
17 845(89.71)
2 047(10.29)
本次首次LDCT检查
12 625(63.47)
7 267(36.53)
BMI(kg /m223.84±3.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241081876866192102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differential analysis of general information between first and non-first LDCT group [($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目首次LDCT组非首次LDCT组统计量P
年龄(岁)47.06±10.6347.11±11.19t= 0.310.759
性别χ2=53.039<0.001
4 109(56.54)6 463(51.19)
3 158(43.46)6 162(48.81)
体检形式χ2=701.953<0.001
团队体检4 213(57.97)4 866(38.54)
个人体检3 054(42.03)7 759(61.46)
就业状态χ2=303.214<0.001
在职6 246(85.95)9 576(75.85)
离退休583(8.02)1 512(11.98)
在读学生67(0.92)226(1.79)
无业371(5.11)1 311(10.38)
教育水平χ2=620.179<0.001
小学及以下885(12.18)2 412(19.1)
中学/职校1 226(16.87)3 375(26.73)
大专1 197(16.47)2 067(16.37)
本科及以上3 959(54.48)4 771(37.79)
是否高血压病χ2=1.2130.271
6 552(90.16)11 321(89.67)
715(9.84)1 304(10.33)
是否糖尿病χ2=1.1070.293
6 967(95.87)12 064(95.56)
300(4.13)561(4.44)
吸烟史χ2=0.5490.459
5 171(71.16)8 921(70.66)
2 096(28.84)3 704(29.34)
吸烟量(包/年)19.29±16.6519.98±16.50t= 1.350.177
饮酒史χ2=69.154<0.001
3 659(50.35)7 127(56.45)
3 608(49.65)5 498(43.55)
肺癌家族史(直系亲属三代以内)χ2=33.286<0.001
7 019(96.6)11 971(94.8)
248(3.4)654(5.2)
既往有肺结节χ2=1 313.420<0.001
7 267(100)10 578(83.79)
0(0)2 047(16.21)
BMI(Kg /m223.71±3.3023.91±3.48t= 4.02<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241081876987826924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

首次LDCT组与非首次LDCT组的一般资料差异性分析[($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目首次LDCT组非首次LDCT组统计量P
年龄(岁)47.06±10.6347.11±11.19t= 0.310.759
性别χ2=53.039<0.001
4 109(56.54)6 463(51.19)
3 158(43.46)6 162(48.81)
体检形式χ2=701.953<0.001
团队体检4 213(57.97)4 866(38.54)
个人体检3 054(42.03)7 759(61.46)
就业状态χ2=303.214<0.001
在职6 246(85.95)9 576(75.85)
离退休583(8.02)1 512(11.98)
在读学生67(0.92)226(1.79)
无业371(5.11)1 311(10.38)
教育水平χ2=620.179<0.001
小学及以下885(12.18)2 412(19.1)
中学/职校1 226(16.87)3 375(26.73)
大专1 197(16.47)2 067(16.37)
本科及以上3 959(54.48)4 771(37.79)
是否高血压病χ2=1.2130.271
6 552(90.16)11 321(89.67)
715(9.84)1 304(10.33)
是否糖尿病χ2=1.1070.293
6 967(95.87)12 064(95.56)
300(4.13)561(4.44)
吸烟史χ2=0.5490.459
5 171(71.16)8 921(70.66)
2 096(28.84)3 704(29.34)
吸烟量(包/年)19.29±16.6519.98±16.50t= 1.350.177
饮酒史χ2=69.154<0.001
3 659(50.35)7 127(56.45)
3 608(49.65)5 498(43.55)
肺癌家族史(直系亲属三代以内)χ2=33.286<0.001
7 019(96.6)11 971(94.8)
248(3.4)654(5.2)
既往有肺结节χ2=1 313.420<0.001
7 267(100)10 578(83.79)
0(0)2 047(16.21)
BMI(Kg /m223.71±3.3023.91±3.48t= 4.02<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877122044662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of current anxiety levels in first LDCT group compared to non-first LDCT group [($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目首次LDCT组非首次LDCT组统计量P值
焦虑测评总分38.22±8.0840.30±8.76t=16.52<0.001
是否焦虑χ2=122.878<0.001
6 620(91.1)10 824(85.73)
647(8.9)1 801(14.27)
焦虑程度χ2=124.591<0.001
正常6 620(91.1)10 824(85.73)
轻度533(7.33)1 440(11.41)
中度91(1.25)296(2.34)
重度23(0.32)65(0.51)
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877294011140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

首次LDCT组与非首次LDCT组的焦虑现状分析[($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目首次LDCT组非首次LDCT组统计量P值
焦虑测评总分38.22±8.0840.30±8.76t=16.52<0.001
是否焦虑χ2=122.878<0.001
6 620(91.1)10 824(85.73)
647(8.9)1 801(14.27)
焦虑程度χ2=124.591<0.001
正常6 620(91.1)10 824(85.73)
轻度533(7.33)1 440(11.41)
中度91(1.25)296(2.34)
重度23(0.32)65(0.51)
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877411451660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression multifactor analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值情况
焦虑状态1=是;0=否
性别1=男;2=女
体检形式1=团队体检;2=个人体检
就业状态1=在职;2=离退休;3=在读学生;4=无业
1=小学及以下;2=中学/职校;3=大专;
教育水平4=本科及以上
饮酒1=是;0=否
既往有结节1=是;0=否
本次是否首次LDCT1=是;0=否
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877633749782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

本研究logistic回归多因素分析变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值情况
焦虑状态1=是;0=否
性别1=男;2=女
体检形式1=团队体检;2=个人体检
就业状态1=在职;2=离退休;3=在读学生;4=无业
1=小学及以下;2=中学/职校;3=大专;
教育水平4=本科及以上
饮酒1=是;0=否
既往有结节1=是;0=否
本次是否首次LDCT1=是;0=否
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877818299164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysing whether non-first LDCT is an independent risk factor for anxiety in healthy screening population

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变量OR(95%CIP
模型1
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.702(1.548~1.872)<0.001
模型2
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.446(1.311~1.595)<0.001
模型3
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.526(1.380~1.687)<0.001
模型4
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.519(1.374~1.680)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877902185252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738487448695001, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

健康体检人群非首次LDCT检查是否是焦虑的独立危险因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量OR(95%CIP
模型1
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.702(1.548~1.872)<0.001
模型2
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.446(1.311~1.595)<0.001
模型3
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.526(1.380~1.687)<0.001
模型4
首次LDCT检查Reference
非首次LDCT检查1.519(1.374~1.680)<0.001
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首次与非首次行低剂量螺旋CT检查的健康体检人群焦虑现状及其影响因素
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曾梦雪 1 , 鲍婷 2 , 唐怀蓉 2 , 黄文霞 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(9): 1718-1723
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(9): 1718-1723
首次与非首次行低剂量螺旋CT检查的健康体检人群焦虑现状及其影响因素
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曾梦雪1, 鲍婷2, 唐怀蓉2, 黄文霞2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西护理学院/四川大学华西医院健康管理中心,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西医院全科医学中心·健康管理中心,四川 成都 610041
  • 曾梦雪(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理护理、健康管理

通讯作者:

黄文霞,E-mail:
Anxiety status and influencing factors in health examination populations undergoing first-time and non-first-time low-dose spiral CT scans
Meng-xue ZENG1, Ting BAO2, Huai-rong TANG2, Wen-xia HUANG2
Affiliations
  • West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University / Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University,Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411447
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目的

探讨首次与非首次行低剂量螺旋CT检查(low-dose spiral computed tomography,LDCT)的健康体检人群焦虑现状是否存在差异及其影响因素。

方法

本研究为回顾性研究,选择2023年1—12月在某三甲健康管理中心进行健康体检人群(包含LDCT及焦虑自评量表)。根据是否首次在本院进行体检,分为首次LDCT检查组及非首次LDCT检查组。单因素分析采用两独立样本t检验或χ2检验,对总人群建立4个模型,模型1不调整混杂因素,模型2调整年龄、性别、体检形式、工作类型、教育水平、饮酒史的混杂,模型3在模型2基础上加入既往肺结节史、糖尿病、高血压疾病调整,模型4根据模型3中的同一组变量加入BMI进一步调整。

结果

本研究共纳入19 892例体检者,总体焦虑检出率为12.31%,其中非首次LDCT检查组焦虑检出率为14.27%,高于首次LDCT检查组的8.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=122.878 , P<0.05)。总人群调整以上混杂因素后,非首次进行LDCT检查的焦虑风险是首次检查的1.519倍(OR= 1.519,95%CI:1.374~1.68),P<0.001。

结论

非首次进行LDCT检查是健康体检人群焦虑的独立危险因素。

低剂量螺旋CT  /  焦虑  /  健康体检人群  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate whether there are differences in anxiety status and influencing factors between health examination populations undergoing first-time and non-first-time low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT).

Methods

This retrospective study involved individuals who underwent health examinations at a tertiary health management center from January to December 2023 (including LDCT and anxiety self-assessment scales). Participants were divided into first-time LDCT examination group and non-first-time LDCT examination group based on whether it was their first examination at this hospital. Univariate analysis utilized independent two-sample t-tests or χ2 tests. Four models were established for the overall population: Model 1 did not adjust for confounding factors; Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, examination type, occupation, education level, and alcohol history; Model 3 further adjusted for previous history of pulmonary nodules, diabetes, and hypertension; Model 4 included Body Mass Index (BMI) adjustments based on the same variables in Model 3.

Results

A total of 19 892 participants were included in this study, with an overall anxiety detection rate of 12.31%. The anxiety detection rate in the non-first-time LDCT examination group (14.27%) was higher than that in the first-time LDCT examination group (8.9%), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=122.878, P<0.05). After adjusting for the aforementioned confounding factors, the anxiety risk for those undergoing non-first-time LDCT was 1.519 times that of those undergoing first-time LDCT (OR=1.519, 95%CI: 1.374-1.68, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The non-first-time LDCT examination is an independent risk factor for anxiety in health examination populations.

Low-dose spiral CT  /  Anxiety  /  Health examination population  /  Influencing factors
曾梦雪, 鲍婷, 唐怀蓉, 黄文霞. 首次与非首次行低剂量螺旋CT检查的健康体检人群焦虑现状及其影响因素. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1718 -1723 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411447
Meng-xue ZENG, Ting BAO, Huai-rong TANG, Wen-xia HUANG. Anxiety status and influencing factors in health examination populations undergoing first-time and non-first-time low-dose spiral CT scans[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1718 -1723 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411447
我国肺癌发病率和死亡率均位于恶性肿瘤首位[1],研究表明低剂量螺旋CT检查(low-dose spiral computed tomography,LDCT)用于肺癌高危人群早期筛查,可降低20%的肺癌死亡率[2]。LDCT作为最敏感的肺癌筛查方法,虽然有效,但也可能带来心理影响,导致被筛查者发生焦虑和抑郁,影响其生活质量[3-4],Andersson[5]和Hancox等[3]对肺癌高危筛查人群心理调查结果显示,筛查人群的焦虑检出率分别为15.9%和9.5%,且焦虑会导致筛查者在短时间内进行多次胸部CT扫描,不仅会浪费医疗资源,还会增加筛查者的辐射暴露[6-7],提示在早期筛查过程中关注筛查者的心理状况至关重要。随着LDCT筛查在健康体检人群中的应用越来越广泛,参加LDCT筛查的健康体检人群的心理状况如何尚不清楚,尤其是首次行LDCT检查的人群。基于此,本研究通过回顾性横断面调查,了解首次与非首次行低剂量螺旋CT检查的健康体检人群焦虑现状及影响因素。
选择2023年1—12月在某三甲医院健康管理中心参加体检人员的资料。通过查阅健康管理中心的体检档案收集研究对象的基线问卷数据(吸烟、饮酒等生活方式危险因素)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)、影像学检查结果(LDCT)、病史及相关检查文本和图像等临床资料,数据整理人员均通过专业培训并具有相关资质进行数据清洗与整理。
(1)纳入标准:①年龄≥18岁;②接受LDCT筛查项目和焦虑自评量表评估;③既往无任何癌症病史;④肺部无任何手术史。
(2)排除标准:①排除既往有癌症病史的受检者;②排除认知障碍、交流与沟通障碍者。本研究经过四川大学华西医院生物医学伦理审查委员会批准(2023年审(2050)号)。
采用Zung焦虑自评测量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)进行评定,量表总分均为0~100分,由20个项目组成,采用4级评分法,SAS分界值为50分,≥50分定义为焦虑、50~59分为轻度焦虑、60~69分为中度焦虑、70~100分为重度焦虑。
本研究根据焦虑自评量表(SAS)得分≥50分定义为焦虑,分为焦虑组和非焦虑组。以是否首次在本院进行体检作为分组依据,分为首次LDCT组及非首次LDCT组。
本研究数据采用SPSS 26.0统计学相关软件进行统计分析。正态分布的计量资料采用(均数±标准差)描述,计数资料以绝对数和率描述。采用两独立样本t检验或四格表χ2检验进行单因素分析。采用logistic回归分析健康体检人群焦虑的独立危险因素。
本研究纳入体检数据19 892例,平均年龄为(47.10±10.99)岁;男性10 572例(53.15%),女性9 320例(46.85%);受教育程度以本科及以上人数最多,占43.89%;首次进行LDCT检查者7 267例(36.53%),非首次LDCT检查者12 625例(63.47%)。研究对象具体基线资料见表1
首次LDCT组与非首次LDCT组在性别(χ2=53.039, P<0.05)、就业状态(χ2=303.214, P<0.05)、教育水平(χ2=620.179, P<0.05)、饮酒史(χ2=69.154, P<0.05)、肺癌家族史(χ2=33.286, P<0.05)、既往肺结节(χ2=1 313.420, P<0.05)、身体质量指数(BMI)(t=4.02, P<0.05)中的差异具有统计学意义。两组具体的一般资料差异性分析见表2。体检人群总体焦虑检出率为12.31%,其中非首次LDCT组焦虑检出率为14.27%,首次LDCT组焦虑检出率为8.9%,非首次LDCT组焦虑检出率高于首次LDCT组(χ2=122.878,P<0.05),两组焦虑总分差异有统计学意义(t=16.52, P<0.05),见表3
非首次进行LDCT检查是健康体检人群焦虑的独立危险因素。在模型1中,不控制其他混杂因素,与首次LDCT检查组相比,非首次LDCT检查组OR值(95%CI)为1.702(1.548~1.872)(P<0.001)。模型2对模型1的变量加入年龄、性别、体检形式、工作类型、教育水平、饮酒史进行调整后,非首次LDCT检查组OR值(95%CI)为1.446(1.311~1.595)(P<0.001)。模型3在模型2中的基础上加入既往结节史、糖尿病和高血压疾病进行调整后,非首次LDCT检查组OR值(95%CI)为1.526(1.380~1.687)(P<0.001)。模型4在模型3相同变量的基础上加入BMI进一步调整,结果显示非首次LDCT检查组OR值(95%CI)为1.519(1.374~1.680)(P<0.001)。见表45
肺癌的发病率逐年攀升,人们在体检时尤其注重对肺进行检查,LDCT 已被广泛推荐用于高危人群的早期筛查[8-9]。不仅肺癌能够得到早期诊断,很多肺结节也在体检时被发现[10],并成为当下不可忽视的重要健康问题。本研究结果显示,健康体检人群中焦虑检出率为12.31%,与陈晶晶(11.52%)[11]、王淑芹(12%)[12]、肖杨(15%)等人[13]调查结果相差不大。对首次LDCT组与非首次LDCT组焦虑现状的分析显示,非首次LDCT组焦虑检出率高于首次LDCT组(14.27%>8.9%),分析原因可能是非首次LDCT组中存在既往阳性肺结节者,有阳性肺结节者心理压力更大,焦虑程度更高[14-16],因此非首次LDCT组整体焦虑检出率高于首次LDCT组。提示非首次进行LDCT检查组的焦虑患病风险较高,存在焦虑困扰,除了关注体检的过程以及体检后续检出的阳性肺结节等危急值结果以外, 健康管理(体检)机构应重视非首次进行LDCT的健康体检者的心理状态,加强对焦虑患病风险因素的识别,为今后的随访和后续就诊治疗管理提供一定参考依据。
焦虑作为最常见的心理问题之一,其特点是担心的情绪强烈到足以干扰日常活动[17]。本研究未发现高血压和糖尿病、吸烟、家族史对焦虑的影响有统计学差异(P>0.05),logistic回归分析结果显示,非首次进行LDCT检查是健康体检人群焦虑的独立危险因素。非首次LDCT检查组焦虑患病风险是首次LDCT检查组的1.519倍,且无论是否首次进行LDCT检查,女性比男性更容易引起焦虑,与梁媛[18]、Cao等人[19]、Xiao等人[20]研究结果一致,女性群体心理状态差于男性,可能与女性心理较为敏感且抗压能力受挫能力差等因素相关。应重点关注这类人群的焦虑状态,采取措施进行早期干预以减轻心理压力带来的困扰。
综上所述,非首次进行LDCT检查的健康体检人群焦虑患病风险高,临床不仅要加强肺部结节早期筛查和防控力度[21],加强对非首次进行LDCT的健康体检者焦虑患病风险因素的识别,也要关注体检者的情绪问题,针对体检者焦虑状态尽早实行干预措施,指导科学管理和治疗[22-23],探索和提供有效的沟通和管理策略以改善心理健康,尽最大努力促进健康体检工作的开展和提升。同时临床研究表明后续检出阳性肺结节者的心理状态存在动态变化[24],因此,未来需要更多的研究者来探讨LDCT检查后检出阳性肺结节者其心理状态的短期及长期影响变化并提出心理干预措施。
LDCT是被广泛推荐用于肺癌筛查的方法,本研究对行低剂量螺旋CT检查的体检人群早期筛查期间的心理状态进行关注,得出非首次行LDCT检查是健康体检人群焦虑的独立危险因素,且女性比男性更容易引起焦虑,可为健康管理(体检)机构进一步识别焦虑患病风险因素,重视相关群体的心理状态,为今后的纵向随访和管理提供参考依据。本研究也存在不足之处:一方面,本研究仅为单中心的回顾性横断面研究,无法探讨后续检出肺结节与心理状态两者之间的因果关系;另一方面,本研究的纳入对象来自健康体检人群,并不能代表整个地区的结果。因此,仍有待在更多前瞻性队列研究中进一步纳入更多潜在影响因素探讨对心理状态的影响。
  • 华西护理发展基金项目(HXHL21004)
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411447
  • 接收时间:2024-11-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-24
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华西护理发展基金项目(HXHL21004)
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    1.四川大学华西护理学院/四川大学华西医院健康管理中心,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西医院全科医学中心·健康管理中心,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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