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Article(id=1240738486714691726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410508, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730044800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744707039, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744707039, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744707039, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744707039, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1589, endPage=1593, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738487033458862, articleId=1240738486714691726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Validation of the reliability and validity of the fertility-friendly perception scale for reproductive-aged women, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a Fertility-Friendly Perception Scale for reproductive-aged women and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods

Based on the social ecological system theory, a preliminary scale was created through literature review, semi-structured interviews, expert consultations, and a pilot survey. A convenience sampling method was employed to select 608 reproductive-aged women for the reliability and validity testing.

Results

The Fertility-Friendly Perception Scale consisted of 6 dimensions and 40 items. The split-half reliability of the total scale was 0.885, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.912. The overall content validity index of the scale was 0.85, with item-level content validity indices ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a total of 6 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 60.766%.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated χ2/v=1.921, a root means square error of approximation of 0.055, IFI of 0.909, CFI of 0.908, and TLI of 0.900.

Conclusion

The Fertility-Friendly Perception Scale for reproductive-aged women demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for measuring the fertility-friendly perceptions of this population.

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目的

编制育龄女性生育友好感知量表并进行信效度检验。

方法

以社会生态系统理论为基础，通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈、专家函询、预调查形成量表初稿；采用便利抽样，选取608例育龄女性进行信效度检验。

结果

育龄女性生育友好感知量表包括6个维度、40个条目。总量表的折半信度为0.885，Cronbach α系数为0.912；量表的总体内容效度指数为0.85，其各条目水平内容效度指数范围在0.80～1.00。通过探索性因子分析，最终共提取出6个公因子，其累积方差贡献率为60.766%；验证性因子分析结果显示χ2/v=1.921，近似误差均方根值为0.055，IFI=0.909，CFI=0.908，TLI=0.900。

结论

育龄女性生育友好感知量表具有良好的信效度，可作为测量育龄女性生育友好感知的有效工具。

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刘永兵，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=JkeLWhEz+8FuxC7yPJI+Mw==, magXml=lV6FNZsqgkHAeVjReby/bw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=URQrDc6DDSrfYNun2e+sTA==, pdfFileSize=626004, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=nQ2/PN3PrIIWnpD0tdU3Hg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李宜静（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：护理健康教育

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李宜静（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：护理健康教育

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李宜静（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：护理健康教育

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Practice of questionnaire statistical analysis: SPSS operation and application[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2010.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081874097951356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家卫生健康委2024年人口高质量发展研究揭榜攻关项目“生育友好指数构建研究”, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081874240557705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, awardId=2024SJZD021, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2024SJZD021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081864774013086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081864782401696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, companyId=1241081864774013086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081864790790305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, companyId=1241081864774013086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.扬州大学护理学院·公共卫生学院，江苏 扬州 225009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081864883065000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081864891453609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, companyId=1241081864883065000, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国人口与发展研究中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081873108095529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information about the study population (n=608)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数百分比（%）
年龄（岁）
20～2924239.8
30～3928847.4
40～497812.8
婚姻状况
未婚15725.8
已婚44473.0
丧偶及离异71.2
文化程度
小学及以下20.3
初中345.6
高中及中专559.0
大专13922.9
本科及以上37862.2
居住地
农村及乡镇10116.6
县城7011.5
市区43771.9
已有子女数（个）
024039.5
127144.6
29515.6
≥320.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873200370228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象一般情况（n=608）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数百分比（%）
年龄（岁）
20～2924239.8
30～3928847.4
40～497812.8
婚姻状况
未婚15725.8
已婚44473.0
丧偶及离异71.2
文化程度
小学及以下20.3
初中345.6
高中及中专559.0
大专13922.9
本科及以上37862.2
居住地
农村及乡镇10116.6
县城7011.5
市区43771.9
已有子女数（个）
024039.5
127144.6
29515.6
≥320.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873330393663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indicators of model validation fit for the Fertility Friendly Perception Scale for women of childbearing age (n=304)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目χ2/vRMSEACFIIFITLI
初始模型2.4890.0700.8490.8510.838
修正后模型1.9210.0550.9080.9090.900
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873510748755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

育龄女性生育友好感知量表验证性因子分析拟合度指标（n=304）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目χ2/vRMSEACFIIFITLI
初始模型2.4890.0700.8490.8510.838
修正后模型1.9210.0550.9080.9090.900
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873657549407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Reliability of the dimensions of the scale (n=304)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度Cronbach α系数折半信度项目
政府引导维度0.9120.8858
社会支持维度0.7240.6493
社区服务维度0.9080.8899
单位保障维度0.8790.8658
家庭建设维度0.7770.7375
生育观念维度0.8710.8287
量表整体0.9390.73340
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873800155752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738486714691726, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

量表各维度的信度（n=304）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度Cronbach α系数折半信度项目
政府引导维度0.9120.8858
社会支持维度0.7240.6493
社区服务维度0.9080.8899
单位保障维度0.8790.8658
家庭建设维度0.7770.7375
生育观念维度0.8710.8287
量表整体0.9390.73340
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育龄女性生育友好感知量表的信效度验证
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李宜静 1 , 康艳茹 1 , 孙润杰 1 , 张莉 2 , 朱洁 1 , 付海燕 1 , 张伊柠 1 , 林静雯 1 , 刘永兵 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(9): 1589-1593
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(9): 1589-1593
育龄女性生育友好感知量表的信效度验证
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李宜静1, 康艳茹1, 孙润杰1, 张莉2, 朱洁1, 付海燕1, 张伊柠1, 林静雯1, 刘永兵1
作者信息
  • 1.扬州大学护理学院·公共卫生学院，江苏 扬州 225009
  • 2.中国人口与发展研究中心

    • 李宜静（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：护理健康教育

通讯作者:

刘永兵，E-mail:
Validation of the reliability and validity of the fertility-friendly perception scale for reproductive-aged women
Yi-jing LI1, Yan-ru KANG1, Run-jie SUN1, Li ZHANG2, Jie ZHU1, Hai-yan FU1, Yi-ning ZHANG1, Jing-wen LIN1, Yong-bing LIU1
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410508
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摘要
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目的

编制育龄女性生育友好感知量表并进行信效度检验。

方法

以社会生态系统理论为基础，通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈、专家函询、预调查形成量表初稿；采用便利抽样，选取608例育龄女性进行信效度检验。

结果

育龄女性生育友好感知量表包括6个维度、40个条目。总量表的折半信度为0.885，Cronbach α系数为0.912；量表的总体内容效度指数为0.85，其各条目水平内容效度指数范围在0.80～1.00。通过探索性因子分析，最终共提取出6个公因子，其累积方差贡献率为60.766%；验证性因子分析结果显示χ2/v=1.921，近似误差均方根值为0.055，IFI=0.909，CFI=0.908，TLI=0.900。

结论

育龄女性生育友好感知量表具有良好的信效度，可作为测量育龄女性生育友好感知的有效工具。

生育友好  /  生育友好指数  /  信度  /  效度  /  量表
Objective

To develop a Fertility-Friendly Perception Scale for reproductive-aged women and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods

Based on the social ecological system theory, a preliminary scale was created through literature review, semi-structured interviews, expert consultations, and a pilot survey. A convenience sampling method was employed to select 608 reproductive-aged women for the reliability and validity testing.

Results

The Fertility-Friendly Perception Scale consisted of 6 dimensions and 40 items. The split-half reliability of the total scale was 0.885, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.912. The overall content validity index of the scale was 0.85, with item-level content validity indices ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a total of 6 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 60.766%.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated χ2/v=1.921, a root means square error of approximation of 0.055, IFI of 0.909, CFI of 0.908, and TLI of 0.900.

Conclusion

The Fertility-Friendly Perception Scale for reproductive-aged women demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for measuring the fertility-friendly perceptions of this population.

Fertility-friendly  /  Fertility-friendly index  /  Reliability  /  Validity  /  Scale
李宜静, 康艳茹, 孙润杰, 张莉, 朱洁, 付海燕, 张伊柠, 林静雯, 刘永兵. 育龄女性生育友好感知量表的信效度验证. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1589 -1593 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410508
Yi-jing LI, Yan-ru KANG, Run-jie SUN, Li ZHANG, Jie ZHU, Hai-yan FU, Yi-ning ZHANG, Jing-wen LIN, Yong-bing LIU. Validation of the reliability and validity of the fertility-friendly perception scale for reproductive-aged women[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1589 -1593 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410508
正文
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根据第七次全国人口普查数据显示，2020年中国的出生人口仅为1 200万人，总和生育率降至1.3，处于极低生育水平[1]。在此背景下，人口老龄化问题日益严峻，低生育率和人口老龄化的叠加效应，已对我国社会经济的可持续发展形成了长期挑战，影响劳动力供给、公共养老负担、以及教育医疗等社会资源的合理配置。为改善这一状况并优化人口结构，中共中央决定实施三孩政策[2]。二十届中央财经委员会第一次会议进一步强调要以“人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化”，并提出构建生育支持政策体系，推动建设生育友好型社会建设的重要性，这一举措体现了党中央对人口问题的高度关注。通过这一政策，国家不仅在经济层面进行布局，也着力在社会层面为育龄女性创造更加友好的生育环境，着力解决育龄女性在生育决策中的顾虑和挑战，从根本上激发生育意愿和信心。
在构建生育友好型社会的过程中，育龄女性对生育友好的感知尤为重要。社会生态系统理论表明，个体行为和健康结果受到个人、家庭、社区及政府等多层次因素的共同影响。育龄女性对生育友好的感知不仅直接影响其生育决策，更关乎到社会整体生育意愿的提升。积极的生育友好感知能增强育龄女性的生育信心，降低顾虑，因此，理解和重视育龄女性对生育友好的感知对制定有效的生育支持政策至关重要。
虽然已有许多研究探讨多种影响生育的因素，但通常局限于单一维度，如经济压力、政策支持[3-4]等，缺乏对生育友好型社会建设的全面分析，难以揭示生育行为及其背后的多重因素[5-6]。此外，很多研究忽视了育龄女性在生育决策中的主体地位，例如，汪世琦学者构建的生育友好型社会评价指标体系[7]涵盖多个方面，但未充分考虑育龄女性对这些因素的感知和评价。
基于此，本研究以社会生态系统理论为基础，聚焦育龄女性视角，构建生育友好感知量表，旨在从多维度出发，系统评估生育友好型社会的进展，为生育政策优化提供数据支持。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　研制量表初稿
本研究以社会生态系统理论为框架[8-9]，构建包含政府引导、社会支持、社区服务、单位保障、家庭建设、生育观念6个维度的生育友好感知量表。通过文献检索，结合17名育龄女性的访谈，初步形成6个维度、72个条目的量表条目池。访谈内容围绕生育意愿及其影响因素，采用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料进行分析[10]。研究对象纳入标准：年龄20～49岁；具备良好的沟通和理解能力；自愿参与本次调查。排除标准：具有精神或神经系统疾病病史者；不愿或难以配合研究者。
研究团队邀请来自6个省、市及地区的15名专家进行两轮专家函询。依据条目筛选标准（重要性赋值均数≥4.00、满分比≥40%、变异系数≤25%[11]）优化条目，删除11项、合并6项、修订8项，最终形成6个维度，60个条目的生育友好感知量表。预调查结果显示条目可理解性良好，填写时间为10～15 min，且有效回收率为100%。因此，未对量表内容做进一步调整。
1.2　量表的信效度检验
1.2.1　研究对象
2024年6—7月，通过便利抽样选择扬州市两家三级甲等医院门诊候诊的育龄女性。参与者的选取和排除标准与同质性访谈一致。根据量表信效度检验的样本量要求，即正式测试所需样本量为量表条目数的5～10倍，考虑10%～15%的无效问卷[12]，测试版量表共60个条目，计算所需样本量为330～690。正式调查共发放问卷650份，回收有效问卷608份，有效回收率为93.5%。本研究已通过扬州大学护理学院伦理委员会审批，伦理审批号为YZUHL20240027。所有参加本调查的育龄女性均知情同意并自愿参与本研究。
1.2.2　调查工具
（1）一般资料调查表：由研究人员自行设计，涵盖育龄女性的年龄、出生地、职业、教育水平、居住地、婚姻状态、家庭月收入、健康状态以及已生育子女的数量。（2）生育友好感知量表：由课题组经文献回顾、半结构访谈、专家函询及预调查后形成，共60个条目，分为政府引导、社会支持、社区服务、单位保障、家庭建设、生育观念6个维度。量表采用李克特5级评分法，“非常不同意”到“非常同意”分别对应1～5分，得分越高表明育龄女性对生育友好的感知指数越高。
1.2.3　项目分析
（1）临界比值法：将问卷总分分为高分组（前27%）与低分组（后27%），并进行两独立样本t检验，删除P>0.05或t<3的条目[13-14]。（2）相关系数法：测定各条目得分和总分的相关系数，删除相关系数r<0.4的条目[15]。（3）内部一致性系数法：计算量表总的Cronbach α系数，若删除某个条目后，Cronbach α系数明显增大，则删除该条目[16]。
1.2.4　效度检验
1.2.4.1　结构效度
（1）探索性因子分析：对量表进行KMO检验及Bartlett球形检验。当KMO值>0.8及Bartlett球形检验P<0.001时，表明该量表适合进行因子分析[17]。采用主成分分析和最大方差法进行因子分析。条目删减标准[18-19]：①条目共同度小于0.30；②条目在多个因素有负荷，且负荷差值小于0.1；③所属因素包含条目数小于3；④条目因素归类不当且无法解释。（2）验证性因子分析：模拟适配度指标[20]为卡方自由度比值（χ2/v）<3，渐进残差均方和平方根（RESMA）<0.08，非规范适配指数（TLI）、增值拟合指数（IFI）、比较拟合指数（CFI）>0.90。
1.2.4.2　内容效度
第二轮专家函询中15名专家采用4分法对条目相关性评分，1～4分分别表示“不相关”“弱相关”“较强相关”“强相关”，当各条目内容效度指数>0.70、平均内容效度指数≥0.80时，表明量表内容效度较好[21]。
1.2.5　信度分析
Cronbach α系数>0.70为可接受的标准，Cronbach α系数为0.80～0.90说明内部一致性信度比较好，Cronbach α系数>0.90说明内部一致性信度非常好[21]。研究人员将量表条目按照奇偶数进行分半，检测量表条目的稳定性，以折半信度系数>0.80为信度较好。
1.3　统计学方法
所有数据由研究者双人核对后进行录入，本研究使用SPSS 26.0及Amos 26软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用（$ \bar{x} \pm s$）描述，采用频数和百分比描述计数资料。专家函询结果则通过专家积极系数、权威系数、变异系数和肯德尔协调系数等进行评价。设置检验水准为α=0.05，运用测试版量表调查的数据资料进行项目分析和信效度检验。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象的一般资料
在本研究的正式调查过程中，共发放650份问卷，其中回收有效问卷608份，有效回收率为93.5%。608例育龄女性中，平均年龄（31.95±6.29）岁，见表1。其中304份问卷用于量表的项目分析、信度检验和探索性因子分析，其余304份问卷用作验证性因子分析。
2.2　项目分析结果
临界比值法结果显示条目F10决断值<3且P>0.05，拟删除；相关系数法结果表明，条目D12、E7、F2、F10不符合标准；Cronbach α系数法的结果显示，D12、F10条目不符合保留标准。项目分析后，最终删除条目D12、E7、F2、F10。
2.3　效度分析结果
2.3.1　内容效度
结果显示，育龄女性生育友好感知量表的量表水平内容效度指数值为0.85，其各条目水平的内容效度指数为0.80～1.00，说明该量表具有较好的内容效度。
2.3.2　结构效度
2.3.2.1　探索性因子分析
在本研究中，共进行了三轮探索性因子分析。其中在第一轮探索性分析中，KMO值达到0.911，其Bartlett的球形度检验χ2值为10 911.066（P<0.001），表明该量表适合进行因子分析。通过主成分分析方法，进行最大方差旋转，从中共提取6个公因子，其累积方差贡献率为55.106%。条目B2共同度<0.30，B2、B4、F3因素载荷小于0.40，条目C2、D4、D10、D11、F1、F11、F12在2个因子上的载荷值均≥0.40且差值<0.10，条目B1、E5、E6未按照模型理论的内容聚合，删除以上13个条目。在第二轮探索性因子分析中，KMO值为0.912，其Bartlett球形度检验χ2=8 220.099（P<0.001）。量表最终共提取出6个公因子，其累积方差贡献率为59.303%。每个条目共同度均>0.30，条目C11、D8未按照模型理论的内容聚合，条目C12在2个因子上的载荷值均≥0.40且差值<0.10，经讨论删除这3个条目。在第三轮探索性因子分析中，KMO值为0.909，其Bartlett球形度检验的χ2=7 685.779（P<0.001）。量表共提取6个公因子，累积方差贡献率达到60.766%。在此次探索性分析中，各条目共同度均>0.30，每个因子的负荷均>0.40，且不存在双重因子负荷。经研究小组讨论，确定量表共6个维度，40个条目。
2.3.2.2　验证性因子分析
通过验证性因子分析进行模型拟合。结果显示，量表的χ2/v=1.921，近似误差均方根值为0.055，IFI=0.909，CFI=0.908，TLI=0.900。表明6个因子模型拟合较好，见表2。
2.4　信度分析结果
量表总的Cronbach α系数为0.912，各维度的Cronbach α系数为0.724～0.939，量表总的折半信度系数为0.885，各维度的折半信度系数分别为0.649～0.889。见表3。
3　讨论
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3.1　育龄女性生育友好感知量表具有良好的科学性
本研究结合我国生育友好特点，以社会生态系统理论为框架，通过文献分析、半结构式访谈等挖掘育龄女性生育友好的感受及需求，初步构建量表，经两轮专家函询，来自多个省市的15名相关领域专家提出建设性意见，专家函询结果表明，专家积极性高，具有较好的权威性，在进行两轮函询后，专家意见趋于一致，保证了量表的可靠性。根据专家意见调整量表内容并进行预调查，预调查后根据调查情况进行修改，然后进行正式调查，回收有效数据后进行信效度检验，根据信效度检验结果对量表进一步调整完善，各项指标结果符合量表测量学的标准，量表编制过程规范、严谨、科学。
3.2　育龄女性生育友好感知量表具有良好的信效度
本量表的Cronbach α系数、折半信度均符合量表信度测量学要求，表明量表具有良好的信度。本量表的S-CVI值为0.85，I-CVI为0.80～1.00，表明量表具有较好的内容效度。经探索性因子分析，共提取出6个公因子，其累积方差贡献率为60.766%。最终量表的所有条目在相应因子载荷值均>0.40，且都在相应1个因子上有较高的载荷。验证性因子分析中模型拟合指数均符合标准，模型拟合较好。本量表预设6个维度，与探索的公因子结果相同，最终条目和维度归属与理论基础相符，表明量表结构效度较好。
3.3　育龄女性生育友好感知量表具有全面性、实用性
随着我国生育政策的逐渐开放，构建生育友好环境对育龄女性至关重要，针对性的育龄女性生育友好感知量表是精准评价生育友好的前提。目前国内评价生育友好多是从单一维度进行，缺乏多元、科学、系统的评价工具，且缺乏以育龄女性为主体的评价工具。本研究基于社会生态系统理论，从育龄女性的视角出发，将量表划分为政府引导、社会支持、社区服务、单位保障、家庭建设、生育观念6个维度，全面涵盖了生育友好的6个关键要素。无论是预调查还是正式的调查中，该量表的有效问卷回收率均超过90%，且完成时间均在10～15 min，这表明育龄女性对该量表具有较高的接受度和理解程度。综上，育龄女性生育友好感知量表具有全面性及实用性。
本研究编制的育龄女性生育友好感知量表包括政府引导、社会支持、社区服务、单位保障、家庭建设、生育观念6个维度，共40个条目。育龄女性生育友好感知量表具有良好的科学性、信效度及实用性，可作为育龄女性评估我国生育友好的科学工具。本研究也有一些不足之处，一方面在样本数目和来源地区本研究具有一定的局限性，研究仅选取在扬州市两所医院门诊就诊的育龄女性进行问卷调查。在今后的研究中，应扩大样本调查数量，拓宽样本来源地区以进一步考察量表的信效度。另一方面，采用便利抽样的方法，尽管这种方法能够节省时间和成本，但这种基于非随机的样本选择可能导致选择性偏倚，即样本中的参与者可能在某些特征上与整体目标人群（如年龄、教育程度、健康状况等）存在差异，进而影响研究结果的普适性。因此，未来的研究应考虑采用随机抽样或结合不同的样本抽取方式，如多中心的样本收集，提高样本的代表性和研究结果的外部效度。
基金
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  • 国家卫生健康委2024年人口高质量发展研究揭榜攻关项目“生育友好指数构建研究”
  • 2024年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2024SJZD021)
文献
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410508
  • 接收时间：2024-10-28
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-28
基金
国家卫生健康委2024年人口高质量发展研究揭榜攻关项目“生育友好指数构建研究”
2024年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2024SJZD021)
作者信息
    1.扬州大学护理学院·公共卫生学院，江苏 扬州 225009
    2.中国人口与发展研究中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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