Article(id=1240738485745807422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411318, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731859200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744706808, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744706808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744706808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744706808, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1606, endPage=1611, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738486576279678, articleId=1240738485745807422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The relationship between bullying and suicide risk in children and adolescents: the mediating role of depression symptoms and the moderating role of emotional intelligence, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating role of depression symptoms in the relationship between bullying and suicide risk, and to analyze the moderating effect of emotional intelligence.

Methods

A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 16 388 students from 20 primary and secondary schools in the Pidu District of Chengdu, who completed self-administered questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was established to test the mediating and moderated mediating effects.

Results

Among the participants, 28.5% were involved in bullying, and 29.2% exhibited a high risk of suicide. The direct effect between bullying and suicide risk was 0.154 (95%CI: 0.136-0.173, P < 0.001), while the mediating effect of depression symptoms was 0.164 (95%CI: 0.153-0.175, P < 0.001). Emotional intelligence negatively moderated the mediating pathway: at low levels of emotional intelligence, the mediating effect (bullying → depression symptoms → suicide risk) was 0.157 (95%CI: 0.144-0.169),whereas at high levels of emotional intelligence, the mediating effect was 0.114 (95%CI: 0.103-0.126).

Conclusion

There is a positive association between bullying and suicide risk among children and adolescents, with bullying indirectly influencing suicide risk through depression symptoms. Additionally, emotional intelligence negatively moderates the mediating effect of depression symptoms. Interventions aimed at alleviating depression symptoms and enhancing emotional intelligence may be effective strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of bullying on the psychological and behavioral health of children and adolescents.

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目的

探讨儿童青少年抑郁症状在欺凌与自杀风险之间的中介作用,并分析情绪智力的调节作用。

方法

采用分层整群抽样,抽取成都市郫都区20所中小学共16 388名学生,进行自填式问卷调查,建立结构方程模型检验中介作用及有调节的中介作用。

结果

研究对象中28.5%卷入了欺凌,29.2%具有较高的自杀风险。欺凌与自杀风险之间的直接效应为0.154(95%CI:0.136~0.173,P<0.001),抑郁症状在两者之间的中介效应为0.164(95%CI:0.153~0.175,P<0.001);情绪智力对中介路径具有负向调节作用:在低情绪智力水平下,中介效应(欺凌→抑郁症状→自杀风险)为0.157(95%CI:0.144~0.169),而在高情绪智力水平下,中介效应为0.114(95%CI:0.103~0.126)。

结论

儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险之间呈正向关联,欺凌可通过抑郁症状间接影响自杀风险,而情绪智力负向调节抑郁症状的中介作用。缓解抑郁症状并提升情绪智力,是一种降低欺凌对儿童青少年心理与行为健康不良影响的干预思路。

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刘巧兰,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1Ph8dx6MHyfXrnZhUX83Ow==, magXml=LFhY4JGU7eYeCdVsH7FINA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=dbtrWDy5JlCg/eeOVK8gQw==, pdfFileSize=749463, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=SD5/MNRahD0KhkST5Y075A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=prCQTBgR8KSb5zPjaDa3/A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘琪娇(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康相关行为

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刘琪娇(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康相关行为

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Analysis of the impact of emotional regulation strategies on non-suicidal self-injury behavior and sleep in adolescents with depressive disorders[J]. World Journal of Sleep Medicine, 2024, 11(3): 493-495.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of the impact of emotional regulation strategies on non-suicidal self-injury behavior and sleep in adolescents with depressive disorders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081890585759857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=132, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Ng ED, Chua JYX, Shorey S, journalName=Trauma, Violence & Abuse, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ng ED, Chua JYX, Shorey S. 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注:模型调整了性别、家庭经济状况、留守情况、学习阶段和学习成绩;欺凌为潜变量;***P<0.001,**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=vt+ZM3qAtyYI1f7MnfXUAg==, figureFileBig=JitPv9Ta9ViE/YELMa+g4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081883354780637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Conditional effects at different levels of emotional intelligence, figureFileSmall=O3tMk2lGXLqWFquN+zvwKA==, figureFileBig=nz1jSqH+53qwQdPCEPDTBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081884915061728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同情绪智力水平下的条件效应

注:调整了性别、家庭经济状况、留守情况、学习阶段和学习成绩;情绪智力为标准化变量。

, figureFileSmall=O3tMk2lGXLqWFquN+zvwKA==, figureFileBig=nz1jSqH+53qwQdPCEPDTBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081885057668073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants and univariate analysis of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总样本
n=16 388)
欺凌t/F情绪智力t/F抑郁症状t/F自杀风险t/F
性别
8 342(50.9)0.86±1.9212.455***75.65±15.7719.251***2.66±3.04-16.933***4.95±2.88-22.166***
8 046(49.1)0.54±1.3572.45±14.853.52±3.476.05±3.46
家庭经济状况
富裕1 619(9.9)0.87±1.94a58.347***79.66±16.45a155.378***2.81±3.34a141.039***5.46±3.37a56.830***
一般12 953(79.0)0.63±1.52b73.86±14.97b2.95±3.15a5.39±3.13a
贫穷1 816(11.1)1.04±2.25c70.66±16.20c4.29±3.88b6.25±3.65b
学习阶段
小学2 340(14.3)1.12±2.02a89.829***77.50±17.30a87.991***2.17±2.89a73.579***4.97±3.07a53.468***
初中4 183(25.5)0.77±1.75b73.40±15.92b3.11±3.46b5.96±3.54b
普高4 152(25.3)0.43±1.34c75.58±14.02c3.34±2.99b5.51±3.02c
职高5 713(34.9)0.68±1.63b72.07±14.80d3.24±3.44b5.35±3.13d
留守情况
未留守12 792(78.1)0.66±1.58-5.861***74.72±15.4210.127***2.90±3.15-13.089***5.39±3.15-7.432***
留守3 596(21.9)0.85±1.9471.78±15.123.71±3.655.84±3.44
学习成绩
5 222(31.9)0.85±1.86a30.676***69.19±15.26a582.193***3.83±3.69a211.121***6.00±3.53a99.183***
7 446(45.4)0.62±1.55b74.53±14.46b2.80±3.04b5.20±3.01b
3 720(22.7)0.65±1.59b80.03±15.20c2.59±2.96c5.36±3.09b
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885225440234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的社会人口学特征及研究变量的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总样本
n=16 388)
欺凌t/F情绪智力t/F抑郁症状t/F自杀风险t/F
性别
8 342(50.9)0.86±1.9212.455***75.65±15.7719.251***2.66±3.04-16.933***4.95±2.88-22.166***
8 046(49.1)0.54±1.3572.45±14.853.52±3.476.05±3.46
家庭经济状况
富裕1 619(9.9)0.87±1.94a58.347***79.66±16.45a155.378***2.81±3.34a141.039***5.46±3.37a56.830***
一般12 953(79.0)0.63±1.52b73.86±14.97b2.95±3.15a5.39±3.13a
贫穷1 816(11.1)1.04±2.25c70.66±16.20c4.29±3.88b6.25±3.65b
学习阶段
小学2 340(14.3)1.12±2.02a89.829***77.50±17.30a87.991***2.17±2.89a73.579***4.97±3.07a53.468***
初中4 183(25.5)0.77±1.75b73.40±15.92b3.11±3.46b5.96±3.54b
普高4 152(25.3)0.43±1.34c75.58±14.02c3.34±2.99b5.51±3.02c
职高5 713(34.9)0.68±1.63b72.07±14.80d3.24±3.44b5.35±3.13d
留守情况
未留守12 792(78.1)0.66±1.58-5.861***74.72±15.4210.127***2.90±3.15-13.089***5.39±3.15-7.432***
留守3 596(21.9)0.85±1.9471.78±15.123.71±3.655.84±3.44
学习成绩
5 222(31.9)0.85±1.86a30.676***69.19±15.26a582.193***3.83±3.69a211.121***6.00±3.53a99.183***
7 446(45.4)0.62±1.55b74.53±14.46b2.80±3.04b5.20±3.01b
3 720(22.7)0.65±1.59b80.03±15.20c2.59±2.96c5.36±3.09b
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885351269361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Partial correlation analysis of research variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量1234567
1.被校园欺凌0.26±0.751.00
2.被网络欺凌0.23±0.700.32***1.00
3.校园欺凌0.09±0.410.31***0.22***1.00
4.网络欺凌0.12±0.550.13***0.48***0.27***1.00
5.情绪智力74.08±15.41-0.10***-0.08***-0.08***-0.06***1.00
6.抑郁症状3.08±3.290.21***0.24***0.12***0.12***-0.26***1.00
7.自杀风险5.49±3.220.20***0.24***0.11***0.12***-0.26***0.55***1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885468709881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究变量的偏相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量1234567
1.被校园欺凌0.26±0.751.00
2.被网络欺凌0.23±0.700.32***1.00
3.校园欺凌0.09±0.410.31***0.22***1.00
4.网络欺凌0.12±0.550.13***0.48***0.27***1.00
5.情绪智力74.08±15.41-0.10***-0.08***-0.08***-0.06***1.00
6.抑郁症状3.08±3.290.21***0.24***0.12***0.12***-0.26***1.00
7.自杀风险5.49±3.220.20***0.24***0.11***0.12***-0.26***0.55***1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885623899135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Path effects of the mediation model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径未标准化效应值B 标准误标准化效应值β(95%CIP
直接路径
欺凌→抑郁症状2.4460.0110.329(0.307~0.350)<0.001
抑郁症状→自杀风险0.4890.0070.499(0.485~0.512)<0.001
欺凌→自杀风险1.1250.0100.154(0.136~0.173)<0.001
间接路径
欺凌→抑郁症状→自杀风险1.1970.0050.164(0.153~0.175)<0.001
总效应2.3220.0110.318(0.297~0.339)<0.001
测量模型
欺凌→被校园欺凌1.0000.0170.590(0.558~0.624)<0.001
欺凌→被网络欺凌0.9020.0160.571(0.540~0.602)<0.001
欺凌→校园欺凌0.5030.0150.540(0.512~0.570)<0.001
欺凌→网络欺凌0.5550.0130.443(0.418~0.468)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885741339650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485745807422, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中介模型的路径效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径未标准化效应值B 标准误标准化效应值β(95%CIP
直接路径
欺凌→抑郁症状2.4460.0110.329(0.307~0.350)<0.001
抑郁症状→自杀风险0.4890.0070.499(0.485~0.512)<0.001
欺凌→自杀风险1.1250.0100.154(0.136~0.173)<0.001
间接路径
欺凌→抑郁症状→自杀风险1.1970.0050.164(0.153~0.175)<0.001
总效应2.3220.0110.318(0.297~0.339)<0.001
测量模型
欺凌→被校园欺凌1.0000.0170.590(0.558~0.624)<0.001
欺凌→被网络欺凌0.9020.0160.571(0.540~0.602)<0.001
欺凌→校园欺凌0.5030.0150.540(0.512~0.570)<0.001
欺凌→网络欺凌0.5550.0130.443(0.418~0.468)<0.001
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儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险的关系——抑郁症状的中介作用和情绪智力的调节作用
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刘琪娇 1 , 陈志伟 2 , 阳静 3 , 袁梓皓 1 , 尚睿哲 1 , 喻斓 1 , 杨舒羽 1 , 黄小芳 2 , 江秀 2 , 刘巧兰 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(9): 1606-1611
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(9): 1606-1611
儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险的关系——抑郁症状的中介作用和情绪智力的调节作用
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刘琪娇1, 陈志伟2, 阳静3, 袁梓皓1, 尚睿哲1, 喻斓1, 杨舒羽1, 黄小芳2, 江秀2, 刘巧兰1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.成都市郫都区疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.成都市郫都区红光街道社区卫生服务中心
  • 刘琪娇(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康相关行为

通讯作者:

刘巧兰,E-mail:
The relationship between bullying and suicide risk in children and adolescents: the mediating role of depression symptoms and the moderating role of emotional intelligence
Qi-jiao LIU1, Zhi-wei CHEN2, Jing YANG3, Zi-hao YUAN1, Rui-zhe SHANG1, Lan YU1, Shu-yu YANG1, Xiao-fang HUANG2, Xiu JIANG2, Qiao-lan LIU1
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University / West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411318
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目的

探讨儿童青少年抑郁症状在欺凌与自杀风险之间的中介作用,并分析情绪智力的调节作用。

方法

采用分层整群抽样,抽取成都市郫都区20所中小学共16 388名学生,进行自填式问卷调查,建立结构方程模型检验中介作用及有调节的中介作用。

结果

研究对象中28.5%卷入了欺凌,29.2%具有较高的自杀风险。欺凌与自杀风险之间的直接效应为0.154(95%CI:0.136~0.173,P<0.001),抑郁症状在两者之间的中介效应为0.164(95%CI:0.153~0.175,P<0.001);情绪智力对中介路径具有负向调节作用:在低情绪智力水平下,中介效应(欺凌→抑郁症状→自杀风险)为0.157(95%CI:0.144~0.169),而在高情绪智力水平下,中介效应为0.114(95%CI:0.103~0.126)。

结论

儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险之间呈正向关联,欺凌可通过抑郁症状间接影响自杀风险,而情绪智力负向调节抑郁症状的中介作用。缓解抑郁症状并提升情绪智力,是一种降低欺凌对儿童青少年心理与行为健康不良影响的干预思路。

儿童青少年  /  欺凌  /  自杀风险  /  中介作用  /  调节作用
Objective

To explore the mediating role of depression symptoms in the relationship between bullying and suicide risk, and to analyze the moderating effect of emotional intelligence.

Methods

A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 16 388 students from 20 primary and secondary schools in the Pidu District of Chengdu, who completed self-administered questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was established to test the mediating and moderated mediating effects.

Results

Among the participants, 28.5% were involved in bullying, and 29.2% exhibited a high risk of suicide. The direct effect between bullying and suicide risk was 0.154 (95%CI: 0.136-0.173, P < 0.001), while the mediating effect of depression symptoms was 0.164 (95%CI: 0.153-0.175, P < 0.001). Emotional intelligence negatively moderated the mediating pathway: at low levels of emotional intelligence, the mediating effect (bullying → depression symptoms → suicide risk) was 0.157 (95%CI: 0.144-0.169),whereas at high levels of emotional intelligence, the mediating effect was 0.114 (95%CI: 0.103-0.126).

Conclusion

There is a positive association between bullying and suicide risk among children and adolescents, with bullying indirectly influencing suicide risk through depression symptoms. Additionally, emotional intelligence negatively moderates the mediating effect of depression symptoms. Interventions aimed at alleviating depression symptoms and enhancing emotional intelligence may be effective strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of bullying on the psychological and behavioral health of children and adolescents.

Children and adolescents  /  Bullying  /  Suicide risk  /  Mediating effect  /  Moderating effect
刘琪娇, 陈志伟, 阳静, 袁梓皓, 尚睿哲, 喻斓, 杨舒羽, 黄小芳, 江秀, 刘巧兰. 儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险的关系——抑郁症状的中介作用和情绪智力的调节作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1606 -1611 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411318
Qi-jiao LIU, Zhi-wei CHEN, Jing YANG, Zi-hao YUAN, Rui-zhe SHANG, Lan YU, Shu-yu YANG, Xiao-fang HUANG, Xiu JIANG, Qiao-lan LIU. The relationship between bullying and suicide risk in children and adolescents: the mediating role of depression symptoms and the moderating role of emotional intelligence[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1606 -1611 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411318
儿童青少年自杀问题已成为社会重大的公共卫生挑战。研究显示,我国儿童青少年的自杀发生率逐年上升,3.5%的儿童青少年曾报告自杀未遂,6.4%曾有自杀计划,15.4%曾考虑过结束生命[1]。儿童青少年经历着生理功能和社会关系的波动与变化,但认知上的限制促使他们对于外部刺激的反应更尖锐[2]。尤其在面临欺凌时,无论是受害者还是欺凌者,都可能出现心理与行为问题[3]。随着网络普及,欺凌不仅限于校园,还在网络上蔓延[3],并可能导致抑郁[4]、自我伤害[5],甚至自杀[5]。因此,减少欺凌,并关注其对心理与行为健康的影响,可能会有利于降低儿童青少年自杀风险。
根据情绪调节理论,行为是情绪调节的结果[6]。欺凌包含了语言欺辱、身体伤害、关系排挤等负性伤害,可能会使儿童青少年产生焦虑、抑郁等负向情绪,以抑郁最为严重[4]。有抑郁症状的儿童青少年通常情绪调节能力较差[7]。情绪智力,是人们对自己和他人情绪感知、理解、调控和运用的能力[8]。情绪智力水平较低的儿童青少年,无法有效调节负向情绪,会倾向采取自我伤害等不良应对方式[7]。国外一项综述研究指出,抑郁症状可能在欺凌和自杀意念或企图之间起中介作用[9]。同时,国内研究表明,当控制抑郁症状的影响后,情绪智力是网络欺凌受害青少年自杀行为的一个重要预测因素[10]。这些发现提示,情绪智力可能会影响青少年欺凌、抑郁症状和自杀风险之间的关系。然而,现有研究少有同时关注欺凌与被欺凌者,对传统欺凌与网络欺凌也缺少综合考虑,尽管指出了情绪智力的预测作用,但对于其影响欺凌、抑郁症状和自杀风险之间关系的强度或方向未有充分探讨。
综上,本研究旨在探讨儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险的关系,并假设抑郁症状在其中起中介作用,而情绪智力在各路径中起调节作用,以期为改善儿童青少年的心理与行为健康提供科学依据。
2023年6—8月,以成都市郫都区为调查点,采用分层整群抽样法进行抽样。首先按照学校性质(公立、私立)和城乡分布(城区、郊区)两因素,将69所中小学分为4个层次,然后根据学习阶段(小学、初中、普通高中、职业高中)将各学校的学生分为104个整群。在每个层次内,按照5:1的比例进行整群随机抽样,最后从20所学校中抽取了16 482名学生进行横断面现场问卷调查,所有参与者及其监护人均签署了知情同意书。最终回收有效问卷16 388份,有效率为99.4%。本研究通过四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会审查(批件号:Gwll2023133)。
通过回顾文献,本研究设计了自编问卷,涉及学生的人口学特征(年龄、性别、年级、留守状况、家庭经济状况、学习成绩等)及心理、行为状况。
参考既往研究[11],并通过专家评估确认量表的内容效度,从校园欺凌和网络欺凌两个方面测量最近半年的欺凌情况。校园欺凌通过“你是否遭遇过被同学欺负”“你是否欺负过同学”进行调查;网络欺凌通过“你是否被人在网上辱骂诋毁”“你是否在网上辱骂诋毁过别人”进行调查。均采用6级评分(0=没有、1=一次或两次、2=两次或三次、3=一个月一次、4=大约一周一次、5=一周几次)。该部分的Cronbach α系数为0.605,信度可接受[12]
采用自杀行为问卷-修订版(SBQ-R)评估自杀风险[13]。该量表总分范围为3~18分,总分越高表示自杀风险越高[14]。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.839,信度良好。
用6条目Kutcher青少年抑郁量表(KADS-6)来测量最近一周的抑郁症状[15]。该量表总分为0~18分,总分越高表明抑郁症状越严重。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.846,信度良好。
通过WLEIS量表测量情绪智力[16]。该量表总分范围为7~112分,总分越高代表情绪智力水平越高。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.898,信度良好。
在正式调查前,进行了一次预调查,共回收问卷38份,根据学生对调查内容的理解修订了问卷。调查员及教师在调查前接受了培训,确保对问卷填写问题中性解答,在调查结束后现场密封所有问卷。数据录入实施全过程质量控制,随机抽取5%的问卷进行双录入核查,错误率控制在0.8%以内。
使用SPSS 26.0进行初步分析,采用Harman 单因子检验法对共同方法偏差进行检验,然后采用频数(%)、(均数±标准差)来描述社会人口学特征和研究变量,并通过t检验和方差分析比较不同特征下研究变量的差异。控制相关变量后,对研究变量进行偏相关分析。使用AMOS 26.0构建中介模型,并根据χ2/v≤5.0、拟合优度指数(GFI)>0.900、比较拟合指数(CFI)>0.900、Tucker-Lewis指数(TLI)>0.900、标准化拟合指数(NFI)>0.900、根均方误差(RMSEA)<0.08的标准评价模型拟合度[17]。使用最大似然(ML)方法估计参数,并通过bootstrap抽样法(5 000次)计算标准误和95%置信区间(CI)。使用Mplus 8.3,将所有变量标准化后对有调节的中介模型进行检验。最后,根据Hayes和Rockwood提出的J-N法[18],使用R 4.4.2绘制随调节变量变化的条件效应及其95%置信带。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
将研究变量的所有项目纳入探索性因子分析,查看因子旋转前的结果,发现有7个特征根>1的因子,第一个公因子解释了26.22%的总方差,低于警戒解释率40%[19],因而可以认为本研究不存在明显的共同方法偏差问题。
本研究共纳入16 388名研究对象,其中男生8 342人,占50.9%,女生8 046人,占49.1%;年龄范围为8~22岁,平均年龄为(14.7±2.3)岁;4 674人(28.5%)卷入了欺凌(报告过欺凌或被欺凌),其中仅为欺凌受害者2 719人(16.6%),仅为欺凌者617人(3.8%),既是受害者又是欺凌者1 338人(8.2%);4 784人(29.2%)具有较高的自杀风险(SBQ-R得分≥7[20])。单因素分析的结果显示,男生、家庭经济状况为贫穷的学生、小学生、留守学生和学习成绩差的学生更容易卷入欺凌,而女生、家庭经济状况为贫穷的学生、初中生、留守学生和学习成绩差的学生自杀风险更高。见表1
根据上述单因素分析结果,性别、学习阶段、家庭经济状况、留守情况及学习成绩等社会人口学变量的分布差异具有统计学意义。为了控制这些变量的干扰,将它们纳为控制变量,并对主要研究变量进行偏相关分析。结果如表2所示,欺凌各维度、抑郁症状和自杀风险之间均呈正相关,而情绪智力与欺凌各维度、抑郁症状和自杀风险均呈负相关。
中介模型的拟合指标:χ2/v=35.066,GFI=0.991,TLI =0.915,CFI=0.963,NFI=0.962,RMSEA=0.046,考虑到样本量较大,即使:χ2/v>5.0,也是可以接受的,因此模型拟合度良好。中介分析结果如表3所示,中介路径效应(欺凌→抑郁症状→自杀风险,β=0.164,P <0.001)具有统计学意义,占总效应(β=0.318,P<0.001)的51.5%。这表明抑郁症状在欺凌与自杀风险之间起着部分中介作用。
纳入情绪智力为调节变量后,有调节的中介模型的AIC为236 376.846,较中介模型的AIC(236 692.723)降低了315.877,表明有调节的中介模型拟合良好。如图1所示,情绪智力对欺凌→抑郁症状路径(β=-0.027,P<0.01)、抑郁症状→自杀风险路径(β=-0.036,P<0.001)具有调节作用,但对欺凌→自杀风险路径无调节作用(β=-0.006,P>0.05)。
在低情绪智力水平下(),中介效应(欺凌→抑郁症状→自杀风险)为0.157(95%CI:0.144~0.169);在中等情绪智力水平下(),该中介效应为0.135(95%CI:0.126~0.144);在高情绪智力水平下(),该中介效应为0.114(95%CI: 0.103~0.126)。这表明中介效应随情绪智力水平的提高而逐渐减弱。
图2AB分别直观展示了欺凌→抑郁症状路径和抑郁症状→自杀风险路径随情绪智力水平变化的条件效应及其95%CI。结果显示,情绪智力水平越高,条件效应越低,且95%CI均不包括0,表明情绪智力在各水平下均可调节欺凌与抑郁症状、抑郁症状与自杀风险的关联。
本研究基于大样本的横断面调查,探讨了儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险之间的关系,并验证了抑郁症状的中介作用。同时,情绪智力对抑郁症状的中介作用可进行负向调节,即儿童青少年的情绪智力越高,欺凌对抑郁症状的作用越弱,抑郁症状对自杀风险的影响也越小。
本研究发现,28.5%的儿童青少年卷入了欺凌,29.2%具有较高的自杀风险,这与既往研究的结果接近[21-22]。同时,无论是校园欺凌还是网络欺凌,受害、欺凌或是两者兼有,都与自杀风险呈正相关,这与以往研究的结论也一致[3]。生理上,儿童青少年正处于生理状态快速变化的阶段,欺凌可能导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能障碍,从而增加自杀风险[11]。同时,根据暴力循环理论,欺凌受害可能会引起外化问题[23],加剧焦虑、抑郁等内化问题,甚至产生自杀意念。
本研究表明,抑郁症状在欺凌与自杀风险之间起部分中介作用,即欺凌可能会提高抑郁症状水平,而高抑郁症状水平会增加自杀风险,这与国内外研究结果保持一致[4,9,14]。卷入欺凌意味着社交与人际关系受损,促使抑郁等负向情绪的产生,认知受限的儿童青少年可能会将自杀视为减少极度痛苦和自责的一种应对策略,从而增加了自杀风险[2]。因此,若欺凌已经发生,教育者应关注儿童青少年的心理状态,帮助其正确地缓解抑郁症状、提升认知水平及改善人际关系,以降低自杀风险。
本研究还发现,情绪智力在欺凌、抑郁症状与自杀风险之间的关系中起到负向调节作用。卷入欺凌的儿童青少年更倾向抑制自己的情绪[23],情绪智力水平较低。当情绪智力低下的儿童青少年挣扎于负性生活事件如欺凌,或压倒性的不良情绪如抑郁症状时,可能会选择不良的应对机制[24],更容易产生自杀的意念或企图。已有研究表明,适应性的情绪调节策略能有效缓解抑郁症状、降低自我伤害频率,进而降低自杀风险[25]。因此,对于卷入欺凌的儿童青少年,应采取干预措施以发展情绪智力,有助于减少抑郁症状,最终降低自杀风险。
综上所述,儿童青少年欺凌与自杀风险之间呈正向关联,同时欺凌可通过抑郁症状间接影响自杀风险,而情绪智力则通过负向调节抑郁症状的中介效应来减少自杀风险。这提示我们,当针对欺凌的干预措施效果不理想时[26],减少抑郁症状并提升情绪智力,可能是降低欺凌对儿童青少年心理与行为健康不良影响的干预思路。此外,本研究存在一些局限性:首先,本研究虽是基于大样本分析,但采样点只是一个区县,对于中国儿童青少年的代表性有限,未来研究需要扩充采样点;其次,本研究为横断面调查,虽然调查的时间尺度有时序,但仍需纵向设计的研究进行验证;最后,本研究中“欺凌”的测量是参照文献自行设计的条目,未来研究中应使用标准化测量量表。
  • 成都市郫都区心理健康调查项目基金(H230802)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411318
  • 接收时间:2024-11-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18
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成都市郫都区心理健康调查项目基金(H230802)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.成都市郫都区疾病预防控制中心
    3.成都市郫都区红光街道社区卫生服务中心

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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