Article(id=1240738485162791444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406280, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718640000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744706669, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744706669, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744706669, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744706669, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1573, endPage=1577, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738485540278828, articleId=1240738485162791444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current status and awareness of sports equipment disinfection in kindergartens in the urban area of Yinchuan, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current status of sports equipment disinfection in kindergartens in the urban area of Yinchuan, as well as the awareness and regulations regarding disinfection, providing reference for improving hygiene and epidemic prevention in kindergartens.

Methods

Samples were collected from the surfaces of sports equipment, indoor air in sports equipment rooms, and the hands of sports staff, following the “Disinfection and Sanitation Standards for Nurseries and Kindergartens” (DB12/T447-2011) from Tianjin. A self-developed questionnaire was used to survey the usage of disinfectants, the awareness of disinfection practices among management personnel and sports staff, and the disinfection regulations in kindergartens. Statistical analysis of the testing and survey results was conducted using SPSS 18.0.

Results

The average compliance rates for disinfection of sports equipment surfaces, indoor air in sports equipment rooms, and the hands of staff in kindergartens were 63.76%, 62.63%, and 55.29%,respectively, with no statistically significant differences across different types (public, inclusive) and scales (≥300 students large-scale, <300 students small-scale) of kindergartens (P values > 0.05). The average usage rates of disinfectants such as ultraviolet lamps, air disinfectants, hand sanitizers, disinfectant solutions, disinfectant spray bottles, and disinfectant cloths were 26.55%,15.66%, 54.88%, 52.17%, 56.06%, and 51.39%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences across different types and scales of kindergartens (P > 0.05). The average rates of good awareness regarding sports equipment disinfection among management personnel and sports staff were 57.18% and 50.91%, respectively, with statistically significant differences observed across different types of kindergartens (χ2 values of 8.74 and 7.97, P < 0.05). The average rates of a well-established disinfection system for sports equipment were 42.58%, 43.57%, and 42.02%, with statistically significant differences noted among different types of kindergartens (χ2 values of 7.95, 8.32, and 8.48, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The compliance rates for sports equipment disinfection, the usage rates of disinfectants, and the rates of good awareness among management personnel and sports staff in kindergartens in Yinchuan are relatively low, and the disinfection system for sports equipment is inadequate, which impacts the hygiene and safety of sports equipment. Enhanced supervision, monitoring, and technical guidance are necessary.

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目的

了解银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒现状及认知与制度情况,为全面做好幼儿园卫生防疫工作提供参考。

方法

参照天津市《托儿所幼儿园消毒卫生规范》(DB12/T447-2011)对银川市城区幼儿园体育器材表面、体育器材室内空气、体育教职工手进行采样检测;自行编制调查问卷,对幼儿园消毒物品的使用,管理人员和体育教职工的体育器材消毒认知及消毒制度进行调查;应用SPSS 18.0对检测和调查结果进行统计学分析。

结果

银川市城区幼儿园体育器材表面、体育器材室空气、教职工手消毒检测平均合格率分别为63.76%、62.63%、55.29%,各指标在不同属性(公办、普惠)、规模(≥300名学生大规模、<300名学生小规模)幼儿园内差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。紫外线灯、空气消毒剂、手消毒剂、消毒液、消毒喷壶、消毒抹布等消毒物品的平均使用率分别为26.55%、15.66%、54.88%、52.17%、56.06%、51.39%,在不同属性、规模幼儿园内差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。管理人员和体育教职工的体育器材消毒良好认知率平均分别为57.18%、50.91%,在不同属性幼儿园内差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.74、7.97,P值均<0.05)。幼儿园有体育器材消毒制度、定期开展体育器材消毒和有体育器材消毒纪录表的比例分别为42.58%、43.57%、42.02%,不同属性幼儿园差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为7.95、8.32、8.48,P值均<0.05)。

结论

银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒合格率、体育器材消毒物品使用率、管理人员和体育教职工消毒良好认知率较低,体育器材消毒制度不健全,对体育器材卫生安全产生了影响,需做好监督监测和技术指导。

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殷鼎,E-mail:
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殷鼎(1985—),男,博士,教授,研究方向:儿童青少年体质与健康

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Chinese Journal of School Health, 2023, 44(12): 1902-1906.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Knowledge of disinfection and its influencing factors among caregivers in childcare centers in Huangpu District,Shanghai City, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081868196565285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, awardId=bjg2023054, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏普通本科高校本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目(bjg2023054), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081863758991476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081863767380085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, companyId=1241081863758991476, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Tianjin University of Sport, School of Martial Arts and Ethnic Traditional Sports, Tianjin 301617, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081863775768694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, companyId=1241081863758991476, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.天津体育学院武术与民族传统体育学院,天津 301617)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081863863849081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081863872237691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, companyId=1241081863863849081, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081867391258856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sterilization test results of sports equipment in Yinchuan urban kindergartens [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测内容公办园普惠园χ2P大规模园小规模园χ2P
体育器材表面90(65.58)90(63.93)0.670.1690(63.07)90(62.46)0.750.19
体育器材室空气15(63.33)15(62.17)0.730.1815(63.29)15(61.74)0.840.21
体育教职工手24(55.69)22(55.71)0.890.2031(54.97)15(54.82)0.930.24
), ArticleFig(id=1241081867470950639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒检测结果[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测内容公办园普惠园χ2P大规模园小规模园χ2P
体育器材表面90(65.58)90(63.93)0.670.1690(63.07)90(62.46)0.750.19
体育器材室空气15(63.33)15(62.17)0.730.1815(63.29)15(61.74)0.840.21
体育教职工手24(55.69)22(55.71)0.890.2031(54.97)15(54.82)0.930.24
), ArticleFig(id=1241081867596779770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of the survey on the use of sterilized items for sports equipment in Yinchuan urban kindergartens [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查项目公办园普惠园χ2P大规模园小规模园
χ2P
紫外线灯15(26.46)15(25.73)0.690.2115(27.85)15(26.17)0.740.25
空气消毒剂15(16.54)15(15.17)0.790.2715(16.07)15(14.86)0.680.26
手消毒剂15(54.58)15(55.31)0.710.2515(55.84)15(53.79)0.750.24
消毒液15(52.78)15(51.79)0.750.2715(52.18)15(51.92)0.800.25
消毒喷壶15(56.85)15(55.91)0.760.2615(55.89)15(55.62)0.860.29
消毒抹布15(51.28)15(51.54)0.770.2715(51.34)15(51.41)0.830.27
), ArticleFig(id=1241081867718414597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒物品使用情况调查结果[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查项目公办园普惠园χ2P大规模园小规模园
χ2P
紫外线灯15(26.46)15(25.73)0.690.2115(27.85)15(26.17)0.740.25
空气消毒剂15(16.54)15(15.17)0.790.2715(16.07)15(14.86)0.680.26
手消毒剂15(54.58)15(55.31)0.710.2515(55.84)15(53.79)0.750.24
消毒液15(52.78)15(51.79)0.750.2715(52.18)15(51.92)0.800.25
消毒喷壶15(56.85)15(55.91)0.760.2615(55.89)15(55.62)0.860.29
消毒抹布15(51.28)15(51.54)0.770.2715(51.34)15(51.41)0.830.27
), ArticleFig(id=1241081867831660813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of the survey on perceptions of sterilization of sports equipment among kindergarten staff in urban areas of Yinchuan city[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查内容公办园普惠园χ2P大规模园小规模园χ2P
认知是否知晓体育器材要消毒54(65.47)49(53.29)8.740.0256(55.78)47(54.21)0.810.24
是否知晓接触体育器材前后手要消毒54(52.36)49(50.03)7.970.0356(51.25)47(50.03)0.830.25
制度是否有体育器材消毒制度54(46.05)49(38.66)7.950.0256(43.04)47(42.58)0.820.31
是否定期开展体育器材消毒54(47.23)49(37.84)8.320.0156(44.62)47(44.59)0.780.27
是否有体育器材消毒记录表54(45.62)49(34.85)8.480.0156(43.56)47(44.07)0.790.30
), ArticleFig(id=1241081867953295634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738485162791444, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

银川市城区幼儿园教职工体育器材消毒认知与制度情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查内容公办园普惠园χ2P大规模园小规模园χ2P
认知是否知晓体育器材要消毒54(65.47)49(53.29)8.740.0256(55.78)47(54.21)0.810.24
是否知晓接触体育器材前后手要消毒54(52.36)49(50.03)7.970.0356(51.25)47(50.03)0.830.25
制度是否有体育器材消毒制度54(46.05)49(38.66)7.950.0256(43.04)47(42.58)0.820.31
是否定期开展体育器材消毒54(47.23)49(37.84)8.320.0156(44.62)47(44.59)0.780.27
是否有体育器材消毒记录表54(45.62)49(34.85)8.480.0156(43.56)47(44.07)0.790.30
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银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒现状及认知与制度调查
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殷鼎 1 , 陈妙 2 , 翟锁 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025,52(9): 1573-1577
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025, 52(9): 1573-1577
银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒现状及认知与制度调查
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殷鼎1 , 陈妙2, 翟锁2
作者信息
  • 1.天津体育学院武术与民族传统体育学院,天津 301617
  • 2.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院院
  • 殷鼎(1985—),男,博士,教授,研究方向:儿童青少年体质与健康

通讯作者:

殷鼎,E-mail:
Current status and awareness of sports equipment disinfection in kindergartens in the urban area of Yinchuan
Ding YIN1 , Miao CHEN2, Suo ZHAI2
Affiliations
  • Tianjin University of Sport, School of Martial Arts and Ethnic Traditional Sports, Tianjin 301617, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406280
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目的

了解银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒现状及认知与制度情况,为全面做好幼儿园卫生防疫工作提供参考。

方法

参照天津市《托儿所幼儿园消毒卫生规范》(DB12/T447-2011)对银川市城区幼儿园体育器材表面、体育器材室内空气、体育教职工手进行采样检测;自行编制调查问卷,对幼儿园消毒物品的使用,管理人员和体育教职工的体育器材消毒认知及消毒制度进行调查;应用SPSS 18.0对检测和调查结果进行统计学分析。

结果

银川市城区幼儿园体育器材表面、体育器材室空气、教职工手消毒检测平均合格率分别为63.76%、62.63%、55.29%,各指标在不同属性(公办、普惠)、规模(≥300名学生大规模、<300名学生小规模)幼儿园内差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。紫外线灯、空气消毒剂、手消毒剂、消毒液、消毒喷壶、消毒抹布等消毒物品的平均使用率分别为26.55%、15.66%、54.88%、52.17%、56.06%、51.39%,在不同属性、规模幼儿园内差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。管理人员和体育教职工的体育器材消毒良好认知率平均分别为57.18%、50.91%,在不同属性幼儿园内差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.74、7.97,P值均<0.05)。幼儿园有体育器材消毒制度、定期开展体育器材消毒和有体育器材消毒纪录表的比例分别为42.58%、43.57%、42.02%,不同属性幼儿园差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为7.95、8.32、8.48,P值均<0.05)。

结论

银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒合格率、体育器材消毒物品使用率、管理人员和体育教职工消毒良好认知率较低,体育器材消毒制度不健全,对体育器材卫生安全产生了影响,需做好监督监测和技术指导。

消毒  /  体育器材  /  卫生防疫
Objective

To investigate the current status of sports equipment disinfection in kindergartens in the urban area of Yinchuan, as well as the awareness and regulations regarding disinfection, providing reference for improving hygiene and epidemic prevention in kindergartens.

Methods

Samples were collected from the surfaces of sports equipment, indoor air in sports equipment rooms, and the hands of sports staff, following the “Disinfection and Sanitation Standards for Nurseries and Kindergartens” (DB12/T447-2011) from Tianjin. A self-developed questionnaire was used to survey the usage of disinfectants, the awareness of disinfection practices among management personnel and sports staff, and the disinfection regulations in kindergartens. Statistical analysis of the testing and survey results was conducted using SPSS 18.0.

Results

The average compliance rates for disinfection of sports equipment surfaces, indoor air in sports equipment rooms, and the hands of staff in kindergartens were 63.76%, 62.63%, and 55.29%,respectively, with no statistically significant differences across different types (public, inclusive) and scales (≥300 students large-scale, <300 students small-scale) of kindergartens (P values > 0.05). The average usage rates of disinfectants such as ultraviolet lamps, air disinfectants, hand sanitizers, disinfectant solutions, disinfectant spray bottles, and disinfectant cloths were 26.55%,15.66%, 54.88%, 52.17%, 56.06%, and 51.39%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences across different types and scales of kindergartens (P > 0.05). The average rates of good awareness regarding sports equipment disinfection among management personnel and sports staff were 57.18% and 50.91%, respectively, with statistically significant differences observed across different types of kindergartens (χ2 values of 8.74 and 7.97, P < 0.05). The average rates of a well-established disinfection system for sports equipment were 42.58%, 43.57%, and 42.02%, with statistically significant differences noted among different types of kindergartens (χ2 values of 7.95, 8.32, and 8.48, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The compliance rates for sports equipment disinfection, the usage rates of disinfectants, and the rates of good awareness among management personnel and sports staff in kindergartens in Yinchuan are relatively low, and the disinfection system for sports equipment is inadequate, which impacts the hygiene and safety of sports equipment. Enhanced supervision, monitoring, and technical guidance are necessary.

Disinfection  /  Sports equipment  /  Hygiene and epidemic prevention
殷鼎, 陈妙, 翟锁. 银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒现状及认知与制度调查. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1573 -1577 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406280
Ding YIN, Miao CHEN, Suo ZHAI. Current status and awareness of sports equipment disinfection in kindergartens in the urban area of Yinchuan[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1573 -1577 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406280
幼儿园是幼儿学习和生活的聚集场所,幼儿是手足口病[1]、新冠[2]、水痘[3]等常见传染病的易发群体。倘若幼儿园自身消毒措施不力,一旦有病原体经物体表面、幼儿或工作人员手等媒介传入,很容易导致这些传染病的暴发和流行[4-5]。体育器材是幼儿园开展体育运动、娱乐游戏等的高密接性物品,是可能引发传染病的媒介之一,但它们的消毒往往被忽视[6]。因此,做好幼儿园体育器材消毒质量监测工作极有必要,对幼儿园传染病的科学预防具有重要意义。为了解银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒现状及认知与制度情况,于2024年3月对银川市城区30所幼儿园进行了调查,以期发现相应的薄弱环节,为全面加强幼儿园卫生防疫工作提供参考。
依照银川市3个区不同属性(公办幼儿园、普惠幼儿园)、规模(≥300名学生为大规模,<300名学生为小规模)幼儿园分层抽取的原则,采用方便随机抽样法抽取每区不同属性、规模幼儿园各5所,共抽取30所城区幼儿园。每所抽中的幼儿园体育器材采集5类,包括篮球、足球、皮球、跳绳、体操垫,每类随机抽取6个对其表面进行检测采样,并对所有体育器材室内空气、体育教职工手进行检测采样。对每个抽中的幼儿园所有负责体育器材工作者、体育教职工进行消毒认知和制度调查。本研究经过宁夏医科大学伦理委员会审批(2024-N161),所有调查对象知情并签署自愿参与同意书。
目前,全国无托幼机构消毒卫生国家标准,且已出台地区判定标准不全一致[7],研究根据宁夏疾病控制预防中心专家的建议,参照天津市《托儿所幼儿园消毒卫生规范》(DB 12/T447-2011)[8]进行采样和评价。原因在于:(1)银川与天津同属北方,地理纬度、气候特征相近;(2)天津与其他颁布同标准的地区,如贵州、江苏、武汉、广州、上海等地相比评价标准部分指标略低,符合地处西北的银川实际。其他地区共性评价标准为:(1)物体(体育器材)表面细菌菌落总数应≤10 cfu/cm2,(2)工作人员(管理及教职工)手细菌菌落总数应≤10 cfu/cm2;天津的标准分别为:物体表面细菌菌落总数≤15 cfu/cm2、手细菌菌落总数≤20 cfu/cm2
采样具体要求为:(1)物体(体育器材)表面:将灭菌内径5 cm×5 cm的规格板放置于被检物体表面,用浸有无菌生理盐水的棉签在规格板内横竖往返擦涂5次,并随之翻转棉签连续采集;剪去采集者手接触部分,将棉签投入装有10 ml无菌生理盐水管送检,检测菌落总数和大肠杆菌群。(2)室内(体育器材室)空气:动态下采用平板暴露法,体育器材室<30m2布置3点,≥30m2布置5点;用直径9 cm的营养琼脂平板置于采样点60~100 cm高度,开盖充分暴露5 min后取回培育,检测菌落总数。(3)工作人员(体育教职工)手:被检者双手五指并拢,用浸有无菌生理盐水的棉签擦涂采样,从手指跟到指端往返擦涂2次;剪去采集者手接触部分,同样将棉签投入装有10 ml无菌生理盐水管送检,检测菌落总数和大肠杆菌群。
参照卫生部和教育部颁布最近的《托儿所幼儿园卫生保健管理办法》[9]、《托儿所幼儿园卫生保健工作规范》[10]及部分幼儿园消毒地方标准[11-12],制定体育器材消毒物品使用及认知、制度调查问卷。问卷中体育器材消毒物品使用调查包括:紫外线灯、空气消毒剂、手消毒剂、消毒液、消毒喷壶、消毒抹布;认知调查包括:是否知晓体育器材要消毒、是否知晓接触体育器材前后手要消毒;制度调查包括:是否有体育器材消毒制度、是否定期开展体育器材消毒、是否有体育器材消毒记录表。
调查时由培训过的调查者现场开展调查并统一回收,后由专人进行审核、统计。被调查人员为幼儿园卫生管理人员、体育器材管理人员和体育教职工,共发放调查问卷109份,收回有效问卷103份,有效率94.49%。
遵照天津市《托儿所幼儿园消毒卫生规范》的方法进行监测与评价,具体评价标准:(1)物体(体育器材)表面细菌菌落总数应≤15 cfu/cm2;(2)室内(体育器材室)空气菌落总数应≤1 000 cfu/cm2;(3)工作人员(管理及教职工)手细菌菌落总数应≤20 cfu/cm2;(4)物体表面、工作人员手均不得检出大肠杆菌群和致病菌。
利用Excel对调查结果进行双录入,并进行率的统计;利用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析,不同属性、规模幼儿园内各项结果率的比较采用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。
共调查体育器材表面样本180份,平均合格率为63.76%;体育器材室空气样本30份,平均合格率为62.63%;体育教职工手样本46份,平均合格率为55.29%;不同属性、规模幼儿园内这三方面检测结果差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表1
共调查30所幼儿园,紫外线灯平均使用率为26.56%,空气消毒剂平均使用率为15.66%,手消毒剂平均使用率为54.88%,消毒液平均使用率为52.17%,消毒喷壶平均使用率为56.06%,消毒抹布平均使用率为51.39%;不同属性、规模幼儿园以上消毒物品平均使用率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表2
共收回调查问卷103份,公办、普惠、大规模、小规模幼儿园分别收回54、49、56和47份。体育器材要消毒的知晓率为57.18%,在不同属性幼儿园内有统计学差异(χ2=8.74,P<0.05)、不同规模幼儿园内无统计学差异(χ2=0.81,P>0.05);接触体育器材前后要消毒的知晓率为50.91%,在不同属性幼儿园内有统计学差异(χ2=7.97,P<0.05)、不同规模幼儿园内无统计学差异(χ2=0.83,P>0.05)。有体育器材消毒制度的比例为42.58%,在不同属性幼儿园内有统计学差异(χ2=7.95,P<0.05)、不同规模幼儿园内无统计学差异(χ2=0.82,P>0.05);定期开展体育器材消毒的比例为43.57%,在不同属性幼儿园内有统计学差异(χ2=8.32,P<0.05)、不同规模幼儿园内无统计学差异(χ2=0.78,P>0.05);有体育器材消毒记录表的比例为42.02%,在不同属性幼儿园内有统计学差异(χ2=8.48,P<0.05)、不同规模幼儿园内无统计学差异(χ2=0.79,P>0.05)。见表3
幼儿园是儿童这一特殊群体高度集中的场所,消毒工作开展的良好与否直接关系到传染病在幼儿园内的发生与传播[13]。体育器材是幼儿园开展体育运动、户外活动、娱乐游戏的重要物品,是儿童在幼儿园内的高密接性物品。有研究显示,全国70%以上的突发性公共卫生事件是因传染病暴发流行,其中60%以上发生在幼儿园及学校[14]。因此,加强幼儿园体育器材的消毒是保障儿童身体健康的重要措施。当前天津、上海、浙江、江苏、浙江、四川、湖南、贵州、西安等地均出台了托幼机构卫生消毒地方标准,但尚无国家标准,各地的标准不全一致,这导致各地研究结果难以进行横向对比。
本研究结果显示,银川市城区幼儿园体育器材表面、体育器材室空气、教职工手消毒检测总体合格率不高。公办幼儿园各项消毒指标合格率高于普惠幼儿园,这与杨纯[15]的研究结果一致;大规模幼儿园各项消毒指标合格率高于小规模幼儿园,这与王国琴[16]的研究结果一致。器材表面检测平均合格率为63.76%,这可能是与体育器材经常在室外使用,与通风、暴晒、接触地面等环境有关。器材室空气检测平均合格率为62.63%,这可能与体育器材室相对封闭,体育器材集中存放消毒不够有关。管理人员和体育教职工手的检测平均合格率仅为55.29%,可能是因为教职工利用体育器材给学生开展活动、做示范等,接触器材频繁;还有可能接触自身或儿童口鼻及其分泌物或飞沫,以及课时密度大来不及洗手等有关。此外,教职工的消毒认知,洗手规范和手卫生意识及依从性,幼儿园洗手设施、手消毒物品等也是影响因素;甚至幼儿园常处于湿润状态的洗手用香皂,都是滋生细菌的温床,容易造成人员交叉污染[17]
本研究结果显示,银川市城区幼儿园紫外线灯、空气消毒剂、手消毒剂、消毒液、消毒喷壶、消毒抹布等体育器材消毒物品,在不同属性、规模幼儿园的平均使用率总体均较低。体育器材室安装紫外线灯进行照射,或使用空气消毒剂和消毒液并借助消毒喷壶、消毒抹布进行喷洒、擦拭等,能够有效对体育器材室内的空气、存放在其中的体育器材表面进行消毒。消毒物品使用率低,为体育器材消毒检测结果不良提供了直接原因,即因使用消毒物品不足造成了体育器材表面、体育器材室空气、教职工手消毒结果合格率低。
本研究结果显示,银川市城区不同属性幼儿园管理或体育教职工对体育器材消毒的认知程度有差异。主要原因在于公办幼儿园有编制,负责管理或使用体育器材的教职工较为稳定,对体育器材消毒的管理较为规范等有关;而普惠幼儿园因无编制,负责管理或使用体育器材的教职工变动性大,对体育器材的消毒产生了影响。对体育器材消毒认知调查中,“知晓接触体育器材前后手要消毒”的结果较低,验证了前文所述体育教职工消毒认知和手卫生依从性低,是导致其手消毒合格率不高的原因,这与恽朝晖[18]、范俊华[19]的研究结果一致。公办幼儿园体育器材消毒的制度较好,可能还是与管理人员、体育教职工较为稳定有关。
综上所述,银川市城区幼儿园体育器材消毒合格率、体育器材消毒物品使用率、管理和体育教职工消毒认知较低,体育器材消毒制度多不健全。针对这些不足,建议尽早出台托幼机构卫生消毒国家标准;卫生和教育部门密切合作,进一步完善幼儿园各项消毒管理工作、健全制度,加强体育器材消毒检查力度。规范幼儿园体育器材消毒基础设施、物品建设,将其纳入办学质量考评指标,推动体育器材消毒工作高质量发展。另外,加大对幼儿园体育器材管理人员、体育教职工的卫生知识培训,强化体育器材室、体育器材、手消毒意识,提高消毒技术水平。卫生和教育部门应经常性开展技术指导,及时发现体育器材消毒存在问题并整改,切实做好幼儿身体健康的保障工作。
  • 宁夏普通本科高校本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目(bjg2023054)
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406280
  • 接收时间:2024-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18
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宁夏普通本科高校本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目(bjg2023054)
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    1.天津体育学院武术与民族传统体育学院,天津 301617
    2.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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