Article(id=1240738483615093177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411395, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732204800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744706299, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744706299, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744706299, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744706299, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1600, endPage=1605, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738483950637509, articleId=1240738483615093177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Comparative analysis of body image on social media and perinatal depression among pregnant women: a cross-lagged study, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To clarify the causal relationship between body image comparison on social media and perinatal depression in pregnant women.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to select pregnant women attending prenatal check-ups at a tertiary hospital in Hefei, Anhui Province, from September 2023 to April 2024. A longitudinal survey was conducted during late pregnancy (T1) and six weeks postpartum (T2) using a general information questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and a body image comparison scale for social media. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 and Mplus 8.3 statistical software. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between body image comparison on social media and depression scores at T1 and T2, while a cross-lagged model was constructed using Mplus 8.3 to explore the causal relationship between body image comparison and perinatal depression.

Results

A total of 277 pregnant women were included in the study, with depression rates of 34.30% and 21.66% at T1 and T2, respectively. A positive correlation was found between body image comparison on social media and depression scores at both T1 and T2 (P < 0.010). Body image comparison at T1 positively predicted depression at T2 (β=0.237, P=0.001).

Conclusion

Pre-pregnancy body image comparison on social media can predict postpartum depression.

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目的

明确孕产妇社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁的因果关系。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2023年9月—2024年4月于安徽省合肥市某三甲医院产检的孕妇为调查对象,在孕晚期(T1)、产后6周(T2)采用一般资料调查表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、社交网站体像比较量表对孕妇进行纵向调查。SPSS 23.0和Mplus 8.3统计软件用于数据分析。采用Pearson相关分析了解T1、T2阶段社交网站体像比较、抑郁得分的相关性,采用Mplus 8.3软件构建交叉滞后模型,探索社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁的因果关系。

结果

共纳入277名孕产妇,T1、T2阶段孕产妇抑郁的发生率分别为34.30%、21.66%。T1、T2阶段孕产妇社交网站体像比较、抑郁得分呈正相关(P<0.010),T1阶段社交网站体像比较正向预测T2阶段抑郁(β=0.237,P=0.001)。

结论

产前社交网站体像比较可以预测产后抑郁。

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李玉红,E-mail:
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徐紫燕(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴保健

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徐紫燕(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴保健

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徐紫燕(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴保健

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Psychologies Magazine, 2025, 20(1): 89-92.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The relationship between social comparison and physical dissatisfaction among junior high school students: the chain mediating role of self-concept clarity and self-compassion, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081874274119850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, awardId=hlqm12024049, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽医科大学护理学院研究生青苗计划培育项目(hlqm12024049), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081868876051288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081868884439897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, companyId=1241081868876051288, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081868892828506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, companyId=1241081868876051288, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.安徽医科大学护理学院,安徽 合肥 230601)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081869018657636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081869027046245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, companyId=1241081869018657636, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.安徽医科大学第一附属医院,安徽 合肥 230022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081873078743110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Cross-lagged analysis, figureFileSmall=Rv5YIGIiBcFl+fFEPmi7Yw==, figureFileBig=/NxI/yoldgMk2ndIPNlgbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081873191989329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=CN, label=图1, caption=交叉滞后分析

注:*P<0.050,**P<0.010,***P<0.001;在T1社交网站体像比较对T2抑郁的预测路径中控制了文化程度、家庭平均月收入、职业、孕次、产次、夫妻关系、婆媳关系、产后睡眠、新生儿喂养方式和T1抑郁;在T1抑郁对T2社交网站体像比较的预测路径中控制了职业、孕期睡眠、夫妻关系、婆媳关系、住房满意度、产科并发症、新生儿喂养方式和T1社交网站体像比较。

, figureFileSmall=Rv5YIGIiBcFl+fFEPmi7Yw==, figureFileBig=/NxI/yoldgMk2ndIPNlgbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081873359761503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics and difference analysis [n(%),($ \bar{x} \pm s$)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数T1抑郁T2抑郁T1社交网站
体像比较
T2社交网站
体像比较
抑郁χ2/Fisher抑郁χ2/Fisher F/t F/t
年龄(岁)<3522679(34.96)0.2451(22.57)0.596.38±3.220.326.01±3.121.37
≥355116(31.37)9(17.65)6.22±3.135.35±3.11
婚姻状况已婚27392(33.70)1.4358(21.25)6.35±3.200.225.89±3.13-0.07
再婚43(75.00)2(50.00)6.00±3.466.00±2.45
现居住地农村4516(35.56)0.0411(24.44)0.255.87±3.02-1.105.84±3.20-0.11
城镇23279(34.05)49(21.12)6.44±3.235.90±3.11
住房满意度一般7828(35.90)0.8722(28.21)2.966.35±3.220.32a5.99±3.073.20*
满意17962(34.64)35(19.55)6.27±3.115.67±3.02
非常满意205(25.00)3(15.00)7.00±3.927.50±3.82
家庭平均
月收入(元)
3 000 ~ 5 0003413(38.24)0.2713(38.24)6.28*5.65±3.43-1.375.47±3.23-0.84
>5 00024382(33.74)47(19.34)6.44±3.165.95±3.11
文化程度初中及以下83(37.50)0.994(50.00)8.05*7.13±2.303.35*7.13±3.601.84
高中或中专257(28.00)5(20.00)4.64±2.724.64±2.91
大专或本科19570(35.90)46(23.59)6.36±3.185.98±3.08
硕士及以上4915(30.61)5(10.20)7.02±3.355.98±3.21
职业全职妈妈5027(54.00)11.47*18(36.00)7.55*6.28±3.260.905.82±3.072.26
在职20459(28.92)37(18.14)6.46±3.206.05±3.18
自由职业239(39.13)5(21.74)5.52±2.984.61±2.41
孕周(周)3151(20.00)6.79b4.00±1.411.81a
32101(10.00)7.10±3.00
33154(26.67)5.40±2.17
34239(39.13)6.22±2.63
354715(31.91)6.06±3.10
367426(35.14)6.19±3.27
374816(33.33)6.42±3.61
383613(36.11)7.36±3.50
39179(52.94)6.88±3.00
4021(50.00)5.00±2.83
孕前BMI正常20474(36.27)2.71b42(20.59)0.95b6.52±3.160.866.00±3.110.98
超重5117(33.33)13(25.49)6.00±3.415.75±3.02
肥胖143(21.43)3(21.43)5.50±3.235.86±3.61
偏瘦81(12.50)2(25.00)5.63±2.504.13±3.18
孕次(次)114751(34.69)0.0741(27.89)7.22*6.53±3.230.565.92±3.102.82
29933(33.33)14(14.14)6.09±3.086.22±3.19
≥33111(35.48)5(16.13)6.29±3.444.71±2.75
产次初产妇17662(35.23)0.1945(25.57)4.34*6.59±3.231.695.93±3.060.24
经产妇10133(32.67)15(14.85)5.92±3.095.83±3.24
不良孕产史6527(41.54)1.9813(20.00)0.146.23±3.36-0.335.74±3.23-0.45
21268(32.08)47(22.17)6.38±3.155.94±3.09
妊娠合并症11533(28.70)2.7426(22.61)0.106.73±3.161.696.18±3.331.31
16262(38.27)34(20.99)6.07±3.205.69±2.95
意外怀孕20567(32.68)0.9140(19.51)2.156.27±3.25-0.655.82±3.04-0.58
7228(38.89)20(27.78)6.56±3.036.08±3.35
孕期睡眠良好11741(35.04)7.92b*26(22.22)4.39b6.11±3.261.28
欠佳4923(46.94)11(22.45)7.10±3.10
一般10628(26.42)20(18.87)6.30±3.15
53(60.00)3(60.00)5.40±3.36
夫妻关系一般1411(78.57)16.91*9(64.29)17.94*7.14±3.420.465.50±3.230.15
满意16159(36.65)36(22.36)6.29±3.265.95±3.13
非常满意10225(24.51)15(14.71)6.32±3.075.85±3.12
婆媳关系一般5224(46.15)6.78*19(36.54)8.74*6.25±3.310.175.83±3.150.20
满意17861(34.27)34(19.10)6.43±3.125.97±3.00
非常满意4710(21.28)7(14.89)6.15±3.405.66±3.55
压力性生活
事件
81(12.50)0.882(25.00)6.13±3.14-0.205.00±2.98-0.82
26994(34.94)58(21.56)6.35±3.205.92±3.12
分娩方式14133(23.40)0.526.23±3.211.83
13627(19.85)5.54±3.00
产科并发症279(33.33)2.407.19±2.792.29*
25051(20.40)5.75±3.13
产后睡眠良好11410(8.77)24.93*5.58±3.151.83
欠佳4517(37.78)6.11±2.93
一般9824(24.49)5.87±3.09
209(45.00)7.30±3.34
新生儿喂养
方式
纯母乳10017(17.00)6.61*5.56±2.964.45*
人工3112(38.71)4.74±2.70
混合14631(21.23)6.36±3.23
不良新生儿
结局
124(33.33)0.426.75±2.960.98
26556(21.13)5.85±3.13
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873502367850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

描述统计与差异性分析[n(%),($ \bar{x} \pm s$)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数T1抑郁T2抑郁T1社交网站
体像比较
T2社交网站
体像比较
抑郁χ2/Fisher抑郁χ2/Fisher F/t F/t
年龄(岁)<3522679(34.96)0.2451(22.57)0.596.38±3.220.326.01±3.121.37
≥355116(31.37)9(17.65)6.22±3.135.35±3.11
婚姻状况已婚27392(33.70)1.4358(21.25)6.35±3.200.225.89±3.13-0.07
再婚43(75.00)2(50.00)6.00±3.466.00±2.45
现居住地农村4516(35.56)0.0411(24.44)0.255.87±3.02-1.105.84±3.20-0.11
城镇23279(34.05)49(21.12)6.44±3.235.90±3.11
住房满意度一般7828(35.90)0.8722(28.21)2.966.35±3.220.32a5.99±3.073.20*
满意17962(34.64)35(19.55)6.27±3.115.67±3.02
非常满意205(25.00)3(15.00)7.00±3.927.50±3.82
家庭平均
月收入(元)
3 000 ~ 5 0003413(38.24)0.2713(38.24)6.28*5.65±3.43-1.375.47±3.23-0.84
>5 00024382(33.74)47(19.34)6.44±3.165.95±3.11
文化程度初中及以下83(37.50)0.994(50.00)8.05*7.13±2.303.35*7.13±3.601.84
高中或中专257(28.00)5(20.00)4.64±2.724.64±2.91
大专或本科19570(35.90)46(23.59)6.36±3.185.98±3.08
硕士及以上4915(30.61)5(10.20)7.02±3.355.98±3.21
职业全职妈妈5027(54.00)11.47*18(36.00)7.55*6.28±3.260.905.82±3.072.26
在职20459(28.92)37(18.14)6.46±3.206.05±3.18
自由职业239(39.13)5(21.74)5.52±2.984.61±2.41
孕周(周)3151(20.00)6.79b4.00±1.411.81a
32101(10.00)7.10±3.00
33154(26.67)5.40±2.17
34239(39.13)6.22±2.63
354715(31.91)6.06±3.10
367426(35.14)6.19±3.27
374816(33.33)6.42±3.61
383613(36.11)7.36±3.50
39179(52.94)6.88±3.00
4021(50.00)5.00±2.83
孕前BMI正常20474(36.27)2.71b42(20.59)0.95b6.52±3.160.866.00±3.110.98
超重5117(33.33)13(25.49)6.00±3.415.75±3.02
肥胖143(21.43)3(21.43)5.50±3.235.86±3.61
偏瘦81(12.50)2(25.00)5.63±2.504.13±3.18
孕次(次)114751(34.69)0.0741(27.89)7.22*6.53±3.230.565.92±3.102.82
29933(33.33)14(14.14)6.09±3.086.22±3.19
≥33111(35.48)5(16.13)6.29±3.444.71±2.75
产次初产妇17662(35.23)0.1945(25.57)4.34*6.59±3.231.695.93±3.060.24
经产妇10133(32.67)15(14.85)5.92±3.095.83±3.24
不良孕产史6527(41.54)1.9813(20.00)0.146.23±3.36-0.335.74±3.23-0.45
21268(32.08)47(22.17)6.38±3.155.94±3.09
妊娠合并症11533(28.70)2.7426(22.61)0.106.73±3.161.696.18±3.331.31
16262(38.27)34(20.99)6.07±3.205.69±2.95
意外怀孕20567(32.68)0.9140(19.51)2.156.27±3.25-0.655.82±3.04-0.58
7228(38.89)20(27.78)6.56±3.036.08±3.35
孕期睡眠良好11741(35.04)7.92b*26(22.22)4.39b6.11±3.261.28
欠佳4923(46.94)11(22.45)7.10±3.10
一般10628(26.42)20(18.87)6.30±3.15
53(60.00)3(60.00)5.40±3.36
夫妻关系一般1411(78.57)16.91*9(64.29)17.94*7.14±3.420.465.50±3.230.15
满意16159(36.65)36(22.36)6.29±3.265.95±3.13
非常满意10225(24.51)15(14.71)6.32±3.075.85±3.12
婆媳关系一般5224(46.15)6.78*19(36.54)8.74*6.25±3.310.175.83±3.150.20
满意17861(34.27)34(19.10)6.43±3.125.97±3.00
非常满意4710(21.28)7(14.89)6.15±3.405.66±3.55
压力性生活
事件
81(12.50)0.882(25.00)6.13±3.14-0.205.00±2.98-0.82
26994(34.94)58(21.56)6.35±3.205.92±3.12
分娩方式14133(23.40)0.526.23±3.211.83
13627(19.85)5.54±3.00
产科并发症279(33.33)2.407.19±2.792.29*
25051(20.40)5.75±3.13
产后睡眠良好11410(8.77)24.93*5.58±3.151.83
欠佳4517(37.78)6.11±2.93
一般9824(24.49)5.87±3.09
209(45.00)7.30±3.34
新生儿喂养
方式
纯母乳10017(17.00)6.61*5.56±2.964.45*
人工3112(38.71)4.74±2.70
混合14631(21.23)6.36±3.23
不良新生儿
结局
124(33.33)0.426.75±2.960.98
26556(21.13)5.85±3.13
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873640779897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of differences in social networking site body image comparison scores and depression scores between the two stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1阶段T2阶段tP
社交网站体像比较6.35±3.205.89±3.122.250.025
抑郁10.16±4.167.92±3.988.400.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873816940681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两阶段社交网站体像比较得分、抑郁得分差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1阶段T2阶段tP
社交网站体像比较6.35±3.205.89±3.122.250.025
抑郁10.16±4.167.92±3.988.400.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873951158413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of social networking site body image comparison scores and depression scores in the two stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1社交网站
体像比较
T2社交网站
体像比较
T1抑郁T2抑郁
T1社交网站体像比较1.000
T2社交网站体像比较0.433**1.000
T1抑郁0.170**0.176**1.000
T2抑郁0.289**0.298**0.408**1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241081874081181849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483615093177, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两阶段社交网站体像比较得分、抑郁得分的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1社交网站
体像比较
T2社交网站
体像比较
T1抑郁T2抑郁
T1社交网站体像比较1.000
T2社交网站体像比较0.433**1.000
T1抑郁0.170**0.176**1.000
T2抑郁0.289**0.298**0.408**1.000
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孕产妇社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁的交叉滞后分析
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徐紫燕 1 , 陈荟雨 1 , 李玉红 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(9): 1600-1605
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(9): 1600-1605
孕产妇社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁的交叉滞后分析
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徐紫燕1, 陈荟雨1, 李玉红1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽医科大学护理学院,安徽 合肥 230601
  • 2.安徽医科大学第一附属医院,安徽 合肥 230022
  • 徐紫燕(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:母婴保健

通讯作者:

李玉红,E-mail:
Comparative analysis of body image on social media and perinatal depression among pregnant women: a cross-lagged study
Zi-yan XU1, Hui-yu CHEN1, Yu-hong LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411395
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目的

明确孕产妇社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁的因果关系。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2023年9月—2024年4月于安徽省合肥市某三甲医院产检的孕妇为调查对象,在孕晚期(T1)、产后6周(T2)采用一般资料调查表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、社交网站体像比较量表对孕妇进行纵向调查。SPSS 23.0和Mplus 8.3统计软件用于数据分析。采用Pearson相关分析了解T1、T2阶段社交网站体像比较、抑郁得分的相关性,采用Mplus 8.3软件构建交叉滞后模型,探索社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁的因果关系。

结果

共纳入277名孕产妇,T1、T2阶段孕产妇抑郁的发生率分别为34.30%、21.66%。T1、T2阶段孕产妇社交网站体像比较、抑郁得分呈正相关(P<0.010),T1阶段社交网站体像比较正向预测T2阶段抑郁(β=0.237,P=0.001)。

结论

产前社交网站体像比较可以预测产后抑郁。

孕产妇  /  围产期抑郁  /  社交网站体像比较  /  交叉滞后分析
Objective

To clarify the causal relationship between body image comparison on social media and perinatal depression in pregnant women.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to select pregnant women attending prenatal check-ups at a tertiary hospital in Hefei, Anhui Province, from September 2023 to April 2024. A longitudinal survey was conducted during late pregnancy (T1) and six weeks postpartum (T2) using a general information questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and a body image comparison scale for social media. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 and Mplus 8.3 statistical software. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between body image comparison on social media and depression scores at T1 and T2, while a cross-lagged model was constructed using Mplus 8.3 to explore the causal relationship between body image comparison and perinatal depression.

Results

A total of 277 pregnant women were included in the study, with depression rates of 34.30% and 21.66% at T1 and T2, respectively. A positive correlation was found between body image comparison on social media and depression scores at both T1 and T2 (P < 0.010). Body image comparison at T1 positively predicted depression at T2 (β=0.237, P=0.001).

Conclusion

Pre-pregnancy body image comparison on social media can predict postpartum depression.

Pregnant women  /  Perinatal depression  /  Body image comparison on social media  /  Cross-lagged analysis
徐紫燕, 陈荟雨, 李玉红. 孕产妇社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁的交叉滞后分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1600 -1605 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411395
Zi-yan XU, Hui-yu CHEN, Yu-hong LI. Comparative analysis of body image on social media and perinatal depression among pregnant women: a cross-lagged study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1600 -1605 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411395
围产期抑郁是指妊娠开始至产后一年内出现的抑郁情绪,分为产前抑郁和产后抑郁,情绪低落和快感缺失是其主要症状,同时伴有兴趣减退、注意力下降、沮丧、苦闷等表现[1-2]。我国围产期抑郁发生率为16.30%,产前抑郁19.70%,产后抑郁14.80%,并在过去十年中呈上升趋势[3]。研究发现,孕晚期是产前抑郁的高发阶段[4],而产后抑郁多在产后4~6周时达到峰值[5]。围产期抑郁除了影响母亲的身心健康和妊娠结局,还进一步影响子代认知、行为、情绪和生长发育,给家庭、社会带来负担[6]。因此,孕产妇的心理健康已成为重要的公共卫生和社会问题。
围产期抑郁的影响因素包括人口学因素、产科因素和社会文化因素[3]等。近期有研究表明,社会文化因素中的社交网站体像比较与抑郁有关[7-8]。社交网站体像比较是体像比较在社交网站中的延伸,指个体通过社交网站浏览其他用户发布的包含身体意象的照片、视频等内容,在体形、外貌等方面与有吸引力的他人进行社会比较的过程[9]。研究发现,社交网站体像比较对个体情绪[7-8]、身体满意度[10-11]具有负面影响,且女性比男性更关注身体变化,更容易与他人进行体形、外貌的上行比较[12]。围产期是女性体形和体重急剧变化的特殊阶段,其中孕晚期和产后6周的体像变化尤为显著[13]。在缺乏客观评价标准的情况下,孕产妇倾向于与他人比较进行自我评估,上行比较后引发自卑、抑郁等负性情绪[14-15]。文献回顾发现,抑郁与社会比较之间的关系存在不同的观点:抑郁个体因自我不确定性和低自尊对社会比较信息更敏感,更容易参与社会比较[16];社会比较是个体抑郁情绪的重要预测因素[7-8]。鉴于,体像比较从属于社会比较,因此,本研究采用纵向研究设计探讨孕产妇社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁之间的因果关系。
采用便利抽样法,于2023年9月—2024年4月在安徽省某三甲医院产科门诊招募研究对象,纳入标准:(1)年龄≥20周岁;(2)孕≥28周,单胎妊娠;(3)精神正常,具有理解表达和问卷填写能力;(4)知情同意并自愿参与本研究;(5)符合随访条件者。排除标准:患有严重器质性疾病者。剔除标准:中途退出研究者。根据既往研究中社交网站体像比较和抑郁的相关系数[7],使用PASS软件算得样本量为178,考虑20%失访率,拟需样本量223。本研究共发放问卷326份,剔除问卷信息不完整7人,填写质量不合格4人(题目作答呈一致性或作答时间过短者),回收有效问卷315份,有效回收率96.63%;纵向随访至产后6周,失访15人、填写质量不合格11人,拒绝作答12人,回收有效问卷277份,有效回收率87.94%。本研究已通过安徽医科大学生物医学伦理委员会审查(批号:83242344),参与者均签署知情同意书。
根据研究目的和相关文献[3],自行编制一般资料调查表收集孕产妇的一般人口学资料和产科资料。一般人口学资料包括年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、家庭平均月收入、现居住地、住房满意度;产前资料包括孕前身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、孕周(周)、孕次、产次、是否意外怀孕、有无不良孕产史(自然流产、异位妊娠、胚胎停止发育、早产、引产)、有无妊娠合并症(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、呼吸系统疾病等)、孕期睡眠情况、夫妻关系、婆媳关系、有无压力性生活事件(家庭暴力、离婚、失业、亲人去世或重病);产后资料包括分娩方式、有无不良新生儿结局(早产、低出生体重儿、巨大儿、畸形、伴有其他疾病等)、有无产科并发症(子宫破裂、羊水栓塞、产后出血、胎膜早破、胎儿宫内窘迫、脐带脱垂等)、新生儿喂养方式、产后睡眠情况。
该量表由Fardouly&Vartanian[17]于2015年编制、魏祺等[11]于2017年汉化,用于测量个体社交网站体像比较的倾向。共3个条目,采用Likert 5级计分(1~5分),完全不同意到完全同意,总分3~15分。得分越高,提示个体的社交网站体像比较倾向越高,本研究中,量表在孕晚期、产后6周施测的Cronbach α系数分别为0.902、0.910,量表的信度良好。
该量表由Cox等[18]于1987年编制,Lee等[19]于1998年汉化,用于测量个体的抑郁情绪。共10个条目,采用Likert 4级计分(0~3分),从不到总是,其中第1、2条目为反向计分,总分0~30分。得分越高,提示个体的抑郁情绪越严重,本研究将总分≥11[20]作为临界值。本研究中,量表在孕晚期、产后6周施测的Cronbach α系数分别为0.764、0.830,量表的信度良好。
信息收集前,研究者采用统一的指导语告知受试者研究的目的、内容、问卷填写注意事项。孕晚期在胎心监护室进行问卷收集,产后6周在盆底诊疗中心进行问卷收集,问卷填写过程中研究者及时解答不清楚题项,问卷填写后回收检查有无错填、漏填,及时改填、补填,问卷选项作答呈一致性、作答时间过短者剔除,产后6周未预约盆底检查的产妇,利用问卷星平台线上追踪,线上问卷题目设置为必填项,不存在漏填现象,后续根据问卷作答情况、填写时长剔除无效问卷。
本研究采用Excel 2021进行数据录入,SPSS 23.0进行数据分析,检验水准为双侧α=0.05。计量资料分析前进行正态性检验和方差分析,正态分布用(均数±标准差)描述,组间差异采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、配对样本t检验;计数资料用例数和百分比描述,组间差异采用χ2检验、Fisher检验;采用Pearson相关分析了解孕晚期(T1)、产后六周(T2)阶段社交网站体像比较、抑郁得分的相关性,采用Mplus8.3软件建立交叉滞后模型,探索T1、T2阶段社交网站体像比较、抑郁的因果关系。在评价模型拟合度时,Tucker-Lewis指数(Tucker-Lewis index,TLI)和比较拟合指数(comparative fit index, CFI)接近0.95,标准化均方根残差(standardized root mean square residual, SRMR)接近0.08,近似均方根误差(root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA)接近0.06,表明模型与观测数据拟合良好[21]
在本研究中,使用Harman单因素检验测量T1、T2阶段研究数据的共同方法偏差,结果显示,T1、T2阶段特征根大于1的因子均为3个,T1、T2阶段首个因子方差分析解释率分别为33.62%和35.14%,均低于40%,说明T1、T2阶段研究数据不存在严重的共同方法偏差[22]
共277名受试者完整参与调查,产前、产后抑郁的发生率分别为34.30%(95/277)和21.66%(60/277),研究对象产前、产后的一般人口学特征和产科特征见表1
配对样本t检验结果显示,T1、T2阶段社交网站体像比较得分的差异为t=2.25、P=0.025,T1、T2阶段抑郁得分的差异为 t=8.40、P=0.001,表明T1、T2阶段社交网站体像比较得分、抑郁得分均存在统计学差异(P<0.050)。见表2
相关性分析结果显示,T1、T2阶段的社交网站体像比较和抑郁得分均呈正相关(P<0.010),见表3。由此可见,T1、T2阶段各变量间的关系存在一致性和稳定性,符合交叉滞后模型构建的前提条件。
考虑到协变量的影响,本研究在T1社交网站体像比较和T2抑郁的预测路径中,控制了T1抑郁(自回归路径)和T1社交网站体像比较、T2抑郁单因素分析中P<0.050的变量,见表1;在T1抑郁和T2社交网站体像比较的预测路径中,控制了T1社交网站体像比较(自回归路径)和T1抑郁、T2社交网站体像比较单因素分析中P<0.050的变量,见表1。结果显示,χ2/v=1.099, TLI=0.972,CFI=0.984, RMSEA=0.019, SRMR=0.043,模型拟合良好。图1显示,T1社交网站体像比较正向预测T2抑郁(β=0.237,sx=0.051,P=0.001);T1抑郁不能预测T2社交网站体像比较(β=0.098,sx=0.060,P=0.101)。结果表明,社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁之间仅存在单向因果关系。
本研究纵向观察女性孕晚期至产后6周的社交网站体像比较、抑郁的得分变化,结果表明,孕晚期和产后6周的社交网站体像比较得分、抑郁得分存在差异,且呈下降趋势。产前社交网站体像比较得分较高,可能因本研究初产妇人数占比较高,初产妇不太适应孕期快速的身体变化,倾向于通过与他人的上行比较对自身形象进行评价[15];而产后6周(产褥期内)的女性,可能更关注的是对婴儿的照护和产后恢复,因此,社交网站体像比较得分较产前有所下降。产前抑郁得分较高可能与本研究中的初产妇缺乏分娩经验以及部分孕妇伴有妊娠合并症或不良孕产史对分娩过程和母婴安全过度担忧有关[3];随着分娩结束,妊娠和分娩相关的应激源解除,产后6周的抑郁情绪较孕晚期有所缓解。
研究结果表明,社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁呈正相关,且产前社交网站体像比较正向预测产后抑郁。这一发现与Feinstein等人[23]的研究结果一致,该研究发现个体在基线时间点(T1)表现出的高水平负面社会比较倾向,能够预测其3周后(T2)的抑郁情绪,证实了社会比较对抑郁情绪的预测效应。这一现象的产生机制可能因为:人们在社交互动中存在塑造理想化外表的内在动机[24],使用户在社交网站上不断接触经过美化、修饰的理想化形象,这种视觉信息的刺激导致其认知过度集中于外貌维度的社会比较[15]。对于孕产妇群体而言,由于妊娠期特殊的生理和心理变化,若缺乏对自身体像变化的正确认知以及对媒体信息的分辨能力,极易在频繁的上行社会比较中产生自卑、抑郁等[25]负性情绪。此外,研究发现,产前抑郁不能预测产后社交网站体像比较,这一发现与姚莉[26]的研究结果一致。然而,Bäzner等人[16]的研究却得出了相反的结论,该研究发现抑郁个体表现出更频繁的社会比较行为,而且他们对上行比较的反应比健康对照组更消极。研究结论的分歧可能因为抑郁状态具有显著的时变特征,其强度与表现形式受个体生理节律、应激事件等[27]多重因素的动态影响;其次,抑郁个体的自我概念清晰度存在异质性,高自我概念清晰度的个体可能较少依赖外部比较进行自我评估[28]。这些发现提示,抑郁情绪与社会比较行为之间的关系可能受到调节变量的影响,未来需进一步研究。
本研究得出以下结论:孕产妇在孕晚期与产后6周的社交网站体像比较得分及抑郁得分存在差异,且均呈现下降趋势;孕产妇社交网站体像比较与围产期抑郁呈正相关,且产前社交网站体像比较正向预测产后抑郁。基于这些研究发现,本研究建议在临床实践中,医护人员应当建立多维度的评估体系,不仅要关注孕妇的生理指标和心理健康状况,还应重视其网络使用行为和对围产期身体变化的认知评估。
本研究的局限性:仅考虑了一般人口学特征和产科因素对社交网站体像比较和抑郁的影响,未纳入高神经质和完美主义等人格特质以及自尊、身体满意度等潜在调节变量,这些因素可能影响社交网站体像比较与抑郁间的预测路径,需在未来的研究中进一步探讨;此外,本研究采用便利抽样法,选取的研究对象集中于一家医院,考虑到抽样方法的局限性和研究样本的区域异质性,样本的代表性有限,未来可开展多中心研究,在不同地区和临床环境中选取样本,以增强研究结果的全面性和可推广性。
  • 安徽医科大学护理学院研究生青苗计划培育项目(hlqm12024049)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411395
  • 接收时间:2024-11-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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安徽医科大学护理学院研究生青苗计划培育项目(hlqm12024049)
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    1.安徽医科大学护理学院,安徽 合肥 230601
    2.安徽医科大学第一附属医院,安徽 合肥 230022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
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Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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