Article(id=1240738483535410095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412398, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734796800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744706281, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744706281, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744706281, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744706281, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1687, endPage=1693, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738484240053204, articleId=1240738483535410095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Sub chronic Benz[a]Pyrene-induced ferroptosis in hepatocytes leading to liver injury in mice, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate whether sub chronic exposure to Benz[a]pyrene (BaP) induces ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes, leading to liver injury, thereby providing a basis for further study of the hepatic toxicity mechanisms of BaP.

Methods

Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice aged three weeks were randomly divided into six groups: control group (corn oil),low-dose BaP group (2.5 mg/kg), medium-dose BaP group (5 mg/kg), high-dose BaP group (10 mg/kg), ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 group (3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, 1 mg/kg), and high-dose BaP + Fer-1 group (10 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg). BaP was administered via gastric gavage dissolved in corn oil, and Fer-1 was injected intraperitoneally every other day for 90 days. Hepatic structure and collagen fiber deposition were observed using HE and Masson staining, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mouse liver tissues, as well as tissue iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, were measured using kits. Western blotting was employed to detect the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) in mouse liver tissues.

Results

Compared to the control group, the high-dose BaP group exhibited a decrease in body weight (t=4.921, P=0.006) and a reduction in liver coefficient in both medium and high-dose BaP groups (t medium=4.967, P<0.05; t high=6.568, P=0.001). The ALT and AST levels in liver tissues of BaP-treated mice were elevated (F ALT=218.200, P<0.001; F AST=421.200, P<0.001). HE staining revealed varying degrees of hepatocyte disarray, sinusoidal dilation, congestion, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of BaP-treated mice, while Masson staining indicated collagen fiber deposition. Iron content in the liver tissues of BaP-treated mice increased (W=41.730, P<0.001), and both GSH concentration and GSH-Px activity decreased (W GSH=49.640, P<0.001; F GSH-Px=252.400, P<0.001), with an increase in MDA concentration (F=207.700, P<0.001). The expression level of GPX4 protein in the liver of BaP-treated mice decreased (F=56.790, P<0.001), while the expression level of ACSL4 protein increased (F=429.400, P<0.001). Compared to the high-dose BaP group, the high-dose BaP + Fer-1 group showed improvements in body weight changes (t=5.970, P<0.001), liver coefficient (t=11.510, P<0.001), morphological changes in the liver, and levels of ALT (q=21.730, P<0.001), AST (q=32.870, P<0.001), tissue iron (t=5.045, P=0.009), GSH (t=10.600,P<0.001), GSH-Px (q=9.977, P<0.001), MDA (q=21.580, P<0.001), as well as the expression levels of ACSL4 (q=8.629, P<0.001) and GPX4 (q=5.146, P=0.03) proteins.

Conclusion

Sub chronic exposure to BaP can induce ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes, resulting in liver injury.

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目的

探讨亚慢性染毒苯并[a]芘[benzo(a)pyrene,BaP]是否通过诱导小鼠肝细胞铁死亡导致肝损伤,为进一步研究BaP的肝脏毒性机制提供依据。

方法

将48只3周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组(玉米油)、低剂量BaP组(2.5 mg/kg)、中剂量BaP组(5 mg/kg)、高剂量BaP组(10 mg/kg)、铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1组(3-氨基-4-环己基氨基苯甲酸乙酯,1 mg/kg)和高剂量BaP(10 mg/kg)+Fer-1(1 mg/kg)组,每组8只。BaP溶于玉米油内灌胃,腹腔注射染毒Fer-1,隔日染毒,持续90 d。苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)和Masson染色观察肝脏结构及胶原纤维沉积,透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察肝细胞超微结构。试剂盒测试小鼠肝组织的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活力和组织铁、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。Western blotting法检测小鼠肝组织的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4(ACSL4)水平。

结果

与对照组相比,高剂量BaP组小鼠体重降低(t= 4.921,P=0.006),中、高剂量BaP组肝脏系数降低(t=4.967,P<0.05;t=6.568,P=0.001);BaP剂量组小鼠肝组织的ALT和AST水平均升高(FALT=218.200,P<0.001;FAST=421.200,P<0.001);HE染色结果显示BaP剂量组小鼠肝脏出现不同程度的肝细胞排列紊乱,肝窦扩张、充血及炎性浸润,Masson染色显示BaP剂量组小鼠肝组织出现不同程度的胶原纤维沉积;BaP剂量组小鼠肝组织铁含量增加(W=41.730,P<0.001),GSH浓度、GSH-Px活性均降低(WGSH=49.640,P<0.001;FGSH-Px=252.400,P<0.001),MDA浓度升高(F=207.700,P<0.001);BaP剂量组小鼠肝脏GPX4蛋白表达水平降低(F=56.790,P<0.001),ACSL4蛋白的表达水平升高(F=429.400,P<0.001)。与高剂量BaP组相比,高剂量BaP+Fer-1组的小鼠体重变化(t=5.970,P<0.001)、肝脏系数(t=11.510,P<0.001)、肝脏形态学改变和肝组织ALT(q=21.730,P<0.001)、AST(q=32.870,P<0.001)、组织铁(t=5.045,P=0.009)、GSH(t=10.600,P<0.001)、GSH-Px(q= 9.977,P<0.001)、MDA(q=21.580,P<0.001)水平以及ACSL4(q=8.629,P<0.001)、GPX4(q=5.146,P=0.03)蛋白表达水平均改善。

结论

亚慢性染毒BaP可诱导小鼠肝脏细胞铁死亡引起肝损伤。

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郑金平,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jxSCaW8q9uxC/HkAAeYhZQ==, magXml=Tzxz1SAxVN410vdYRwpB5w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hOZDn2tTNk8rrdl8dfejTA==, pdfFileSize=1340076, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Qpxibw3ruoBj4UtOo3Yt1Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xGCLkgj6OHhhGoPDMd05QA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

丁诗涵(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生毒理学

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注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与高剂量组比较,###P<0.001。

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注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与高剂量组组比较,#P<0.05,###P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=aTazXt/n8iUIFPgXAjdshA==, figureFileBig=adBP3S2kA9oNwWlEeW3GEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081880976617842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483535410095, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Expression of ACSL4 and GPX4 proteins of mouse liver tissues, figureFileSmall=itrYVUTZN8OPYUK9lB31RQ==, figureFileBig=sdR1PDjwhDpFivN4J2OQyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881089864053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483535410095, language=CN, label=图6, caption=小鼠肝组织ACSL4及GPX4蛋白表达情况

注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与高剂量组组比较,##P<0.01,###P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=itrYVUTZN8OPYUK9lB31RQ==, figureFileBig=sdR1PDjwhDpFivN4J2OQyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881207304570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483535410095, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of BaP exposure on body weight and liver coefficient changes in mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别体重变化(g)脏器系数(%)
对照组16.738±1.9643.865±0.447
低剂量组15.575±1.4223.297±0.134
中剂量组14.438±0.9363.097±0.119*
高剂量组12.863±1.050**2.759±0.165**
Fer-1组17.000±1.6553.902±0.228
高剂量+Fer-1组14.575±0.7093.154±0.138*
), ArticleFig(id=1241081881312162174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483535410095, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

BaP暴露对小鼠体重及肝脏系数变化的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别体重变化(g)脏器系数(%)
对照组16.738±1.9643.865±0.447
低剂量组15.575±1.4223.297±0.134
中剂量组14.438±0.9363.097±0.119*
高剂量组12.863±1.050**2.759±0.165**
Fer-1组17.000±1.6553.902±0.228
高剂量+Fer-1组14.575±0.7093.154±0.138*
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亚慢性染毒苯并[a]芘诱导肝细胞铁死亡引起小鼠肝损伤的研究
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丁诗涵 1 , 周潮丽 1 , 何慧 1 , 马智瑞 1 , 陈洁 1 , 郭星笛 1 , 吕懿 1 , 郑金平 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(9): 1687-1693
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(9): 1687-1693
亚慢性染毒苯并[a]芘诱导肝细胞铁死亡引起小鼠肝损伤的研究
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丁诗涵1, 周潮丽1, 何慧1, 马智瑞1, 陈洁1, 郭星笛1, 吕懿1, 郑金平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生毒理学教研室,山西 太原 030001
  • 2.长治医学院公共卫生与预防医学系,老年健康研究中心,衰老机制研究与转化应用山西省重点实验室(厅市共建),长治市衰老与再生医学技术创新中心,山西 长治 046000
  • 丁诗涵(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生毒理学

通讯作者:

郑金平,E-mail:
Sub chronic Benz[a]Pyrene-induced ferroptosis in hepatocytes leading to liver injury in mice
Shi-han DING1, Chao-li ZHOU1, Hui HE1, Zhi-rui MA1, Jie CHEN1, Xing-di GUO1, Yi LV1, Jin-ping ZHENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • Department of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412398
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目的

探讨亚慢性染毒苯并[a]芘[benzo(a)pyrene,BaP]是否通过诱导小鼠肝细胞铁死亡导致肝损伤,为进一步研究BaP的肝脏毒性机制提供依据。

方法

将48只3周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组(玉米油)、低剂量BaP组(2.5 mg/kg)、中剂量BaP组(5 mg/kg)、高剂量BaP组(10 mg/kg)、铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1组(3-氨基-4-环己基氨基苯甲酸乙酯,1 mg/kg)和高剂量BaP(10 mg/kg)+Fer-1(1 mg/kg)组,每组8只。BaP溶于玉米油内灌胃,腹腔注射染毒Fer-1,隔日染毒,持续90 d。苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)和Masson染色观察肝脏结构及胶原纤维沉积,透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察肝细胞超微结构。试剂盒测试小鼠肝组织的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活力和组织铁、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。Western blotting法检测小鼠肝组织的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4(ACSL4)水平。

结果

与对照组相比,高剂量BaP组小鼠体重降低(t= 4.921,P=0.006),中、高剂量BaP组肝脏系数降低(t=4.967,P<0.05;t=6.568,P=0.001);BaP剂量组小鼠肝组织的ALT和AST水平均升高(FALT=218.200,P<0.001;FAST=421.200,P<0.001);HE染色结果显示BaP剂量组小鼠肝脏出现不同程度的肝细胞排列紊乱,肝窦扩张、充血及炎性浸润,Masson染色显示BaP剂量组小鼠肝组织出现不同程度的胶原纤维沉积;BaP剂量组小鼠肝组织铁含量增加(W=41.730,P<0.001),GSH浓度、GSH-Px活性均降低(WGSH=49.640,P<0.001;FGSH-Px=252.400,P<0.001),MDA浓度升高(F=207.700,P<0.001);BaP剂量组小鼠肝脏GPX4蛋白表达水平降低(F=56.790,P<0.001),ACSL4蛋白的表达水平升高(F=429.400,P<0.001)。与高剂量BaP组相比,高剂量BaP+Fer-1组的小鼠体重变化(t=5.970,P<0.001)、肝脏系数(t=11.510,P<0.001)、肝脏形态学改变和肝组织ALT(q=21.730,P<0.001)、AST(q=32.870,P<0.001)、组织铁(t=5.045,P=0.009)、GSH(t=10.600,P<0.001)、GSH-Px(q= 9.977,P<0.001)、MDA(q=21.580,P<0.001)水平以及ACSL4(q=8.629,P<0.001)、GPX4(q=5.146,P=0.03)蛋白表达水平均改善。

结论

亚慢性染毒BaP可诱导小鼠肝脏细胞铁死亡引起肝损伤。

苯并[a]芘  /  铁死亡  /  肝损伤  /  亚慢性毒性试验  /  C57BL/6小鼠
Objective

To investigate whether sub chronic exposure to Benz[a]pyrene (BaP) induces ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes, leading to liver injury, thereby providing a basis for further study of the hepatic toxicity mechanisms of BaP.

Methods

Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice aged three weeks were randomly divided into six groups: control group (corn oil),low-dose BaP group (2.5 mg/kg), medium-dose BaP group (5 mg/kg), high-dose BaP group (10 mg/kg), ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 group (3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, 1 mg/kg), and high-dose BaP + Fer-1 group (10 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg). BaP was administered via gastric gavage dissolved in corn oil, and Fer-1 was injected intraperitoneally every other day for 90 days. Hepatic structure and collagen fiber deposition were observed using HE and Masson staining, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mouse liver tissues, as well as tissue iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, were measured using kits. Western blotting was employed to detect the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) in mouse liver tissues.

Results

Compared to the control group, the high-dose BaP group exhibited a decrease in body weight (t=4.921, P=0.006) and a reduction in liver coefficient in both medium and high-dose BaP groups (t medium=4.967, P<0.05; t high=6.568, P=0.001). The ALT and AST levels in liver tissues of BaP-treated mice were elevated (F ALT=218.200, P<0.001; F AST=421.200, P<0.001). HE staining revealed varying degrees of hepatocyte disarray, sinusoidal dilation, congestion, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of BaP-treated mice, while Masson staining indicated collagen fiber deposition. Iron content in the liver tissues of BaP-treated mice increased (W=41.730, P<0.001), and both GSH concentration and GSH-Px activity decreased (W GSH=49.640, P<0.001; F GSH-Px=252.400, P<0.001), with an increase in MDA concentration (F=207.700, P<0.001). The expression level of GPX4 protein in the liver of BaP-treated mice decreased (F=56.790, P<0.001), while the expression level of ACSL4 protein increased (F=429.400, P<0.001). Compared to the high-dose BaP group, the high-dose BaP + Fer-1 group showed improvements in body weight changes (t=5.970, P<0.001), liver coefficient (t=11.510, P<0.001), morphological changes in the liver, and levels of ALT (q=21.730, P<0.001), AST (q=32.870, P<0.001), tissue iron (t=5.045, P=0.009), GSH (t=10.600,P<0.001), GSH-Px (q=9.977, P<0.001), MDA (q=21.580, P<0.001), as well as the expression levels of ACSL4 (q=8.629, P<0.001) and GPX4 (q=5.146, P=0.03) proteins.

Conclusion

Sub chronic exposure to BaP can induce ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes, resulting in liver injury.

Benz[a]pyrene  /  Ferroptosis  /  Liver injury  /  Sub chronic toxicity test  /  C57BL/6 mice
丁诗涵, 周潮丽, 何慧, 马智瑞, 陈洁, 郭星笛, 吕懿, 郑金平. 亚慢性染毒苯并[a]芘诱导肝细胞铁死亡引起小鼠肝损伤的研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1687 -1693 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412398
Shi-han DING, Chao-li ZHOU, Hui HE, Zhi-rui MA, Jie CHEN, Xing-di GUO, Yi LV, Jin-ping ZHENG. Sub chronic Benz[a]Pyrene-induced ferroptosis in hepatocytes leading to liver injury in mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1687 -1693 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412398
苯并[a]芘[benzo(a)pyrene,BaP]作为典型的多环芳烃类化合物,广泛存在于环境中,主要来源于煤炭、石油、天然气等燃料的不完全燃烧以及食物的高温烘焙[1],因其免疫毒性、神经毒性及生殖毒性而备受关注[2]。近来多项研究表明,BaP暴露可通过影响细胞自噬、氧化应激等机制造成肝损伤,具有肝脏毒性[3-4]
铁死亡是铁依赖性的程序性细胞死亡,表现为细胞Fe2+蓄积,活性氧(ROS)水平升高,线粒体皱缩、膜密度增高、嵴减少,脂质过氧化物累积等特征[5]。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)和酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4(ACSL4)是细胞铁死亡的关键调节蛋白,作为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶家族的一员,GPX4能够利用谷胱甘肽(GSH)清除细胞内的脂质过氧化物并抑制铁死亡[6],ACSL4通过催化多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)转化为脂肪酰基辅酶A(acyl-CoA),促使细胞发生脂质过氧化而促进铁死亡的发生[7]。Fer-1作为一种高效的铁死亡抑制剂,可与亚铁离子形成复合物而减少脂质过氧化过程中产生的烷氧基自由基[8],并通过激活GPX4/ACSL4轴抑制铁死亡[9]。有研究表明,细胞铁死亡在肝缺血再灌注损伤、肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝细胞癌等肝脏疾病中起到重要作用[10-11]。近期也有研究采用代谢组学和蛋白质组学分析发现,GPX4是BaP肝细胞毒性的重要靶点之一[12],提示BaP有可能通过诱导细胞铁死亡造成肝损伤。因此,本研究参考职业人群BaP的暴露水平,按照小鼠LD50(500 mg/kg)[13]的1/200、1/100和1/50设计染毒剂量,构建C57BL/6小鼠BaP亚慢性染毒模型,并使用铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1进行干预,观察BaP是否可通过诱导肝细胞铁死亡对小鼠肝脏产生损伤,为深入研究BaP暴露导致肝损伤的机制提供依据。
48只3周龄健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠(清洁级),由山西医科大学实验动物中心提供[许可证号:SCXK(晋)2019-0007],适应一周后开展实验。饲养于12h/12h光照黑暗周期,温度22℃~26℃,相对湿度40%~60%,自由饮水摄食。本研究实验动物的使用和管理已获得长治医学院伦理委员会的批准(伦理审批号:DW2021086)。
BaP(纯度>97%,Sigma,美国),玉米油(索莱宝,中国),Fer-1(SELLECK,中国),4%多聚甲醛固定液(Sigma,美国),2%戊二醛固定液(塞维尔,中国),丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒(碧云天,中国),组织铁试剂盒、GSH试剂盒、GSH-Px试剂盒、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)试剂盒、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所,中国),兔抗鼠-GPX4单克隆抗体(Abcam,英国),兔抗鼠-ACSL4 单克隆抗体(Abcam,英国),兔抗鼠-GAPDH多克隆抗体、羊抗兔-IgG 抗体(三鹰,武汉)。
DNM-9602G 酶标仪(普朗公司,北京),超声细胞破碎机(新芝公司,宁波),Universal HoodII 凝胶成像仪(Bio-Rad公司,美国)。
将3周龄C57BL/6雄鼠随机分为6组,即对照组、低剂量BaP组(2.5 mg/kg)、中剂量BaP组(5 mg/kg)、高剂量BaP组(10 mg/kg)、铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1组(1 mg/kg)和高剂量BaP(10 mg/kg)+Fer-1(1 mg/kg)组,每组8只。适应一周后,BaP溶于玉米油中隔日灌胃染毒,Fer-1于灌胃染毒次日腹腔注射给药,染毒90 d。
染毒开始时记录体重,解剖当天记录其终体重,称量肝脏重量,计算肝脏脏器系数。
取一定重量肝脏组织,按照ALT、AST试剂盒说明书步骤进行测定和计算。
取小鼠肝组织,固定于多聚甲醛中24 h后脱水、石蜡包埋后制作成5 μm的石蜡切片,染色后脱水至透明,封片,显微镜下观察。取石蜡切片,苏木素染色液染色,Masson蓝化液反蓝,再用丽春红染色液染色,脱水,透明,封片,显微镜下观察组织,其中蓝色部分为胶原沉积。
选取1mm×1mm×1mm小鼠肝脏组织块固定(2%戊二醛固定液),梯度乙醇脱水,浸透后包埋,切片后染色,透射电子显微镜采集图像。
取小鼠肝脏组织,匀浆后按照各检测指标的说明书步骤测定和计算。
取50 mg肝组织加入RIPA裂解液和广谱磷酸酶抑制剂(1∶100),于4 ℃裂解15 min后用组织研磨仪研磨组织。研磨组织,冰上静置30 min后,4 ℃,离心15 min(13 000转/分),吸取上清即总蛋白。取15 μl蛋白原液,BCA法测定浓度,其余样品加入上样缓冲液,100 ℃蒸煮5 min。取蛋白样品电泳,转膜,封闭2 h(5%脱脂牛奶,室温),TBST溶液洗膜5 min,重复3次,转移到一抗中4 ℃孵育过夜。二抗孵育1 h(室温),洗膜后显影,Image J软件分析蛋白灰度,用目标蛋白与内参蛋白的比值进行蛋白相对表达含量分析。
采用SPSS 24.0软件和GraphPad Prism 9.0软件统计分析数据,结果用($ \bar{x} \pm s$)表示。当数据满足正态和方差齐时,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,多重比较采用Turkey检验;当数据满足正态但方差不齐时,多组间比较采用Welch检验,多重比较采用Dunnett检验。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
高剂量组小鼠体重变化低于对照组(t=4.921,P=0.006)。与对照组相比,高剂量BaP组肝脏系数降低(t=6.568,P=0.001)。见表1
HE染色结果显示,对照组和Fer-1组的小鼠肝细胞排列整齐、胞浆染色均匀、核染清晰,未见炎性细胞浸润,肝小叶结构清晰,肝索呈放射状排列;低、中、高剂量BaP组和高剂量+Fer-1组出现不同程度的肝细胞排列紊乱,肝窦扩张、充血,炎性浸润。与高剂量BaP组相比,高剂量+Fer-1组肝损伤有所减轻。见图1
Masson染色结果显示,对照组和Fer-1组小鼠肝脏组织未见有纤维化,BaP剂量组小鼠肝脏组织出现不同程度的胶原纤维沉积;与高剂量组比较,高剂量+Fer-1组小鼠肝脏组织纤维化程度减轻。见图2
与对照组相比,剂量组小鼠肝组织中ALT、AST 水平均升高(FALT=218.200,P<0.001;FAST=421.200,P<0.001)。与高剂量组相比,高剂量+Fer-1组ALT、AST 水平均降低(qALT=21.730,P<0.001;qAST=32.870,P<0.001),提示Fer-1可减轻了BaP引起的肝功能损伤。见图3
对照组和Fer-1组小鼠的肝细胞线粒体形态正常。低、中剂量组和高剂量+Fer-1组小鼠肝细胞线粒体萎缩、线粒体嵴减少、膜密度增加,而高剂量组出现大量线粒体皱缩、线粒体嵴减少甚至消失,膜密度显著增加。见图4
与对照组相比,BaP剂量组小鼠肝组织铁含量、MDA水平均升高(WFe=41.730,P<0.001;FMDA=207.700,P<0.001),GSH、GSH-Px水平均降低(WGSH=49.640,P<0.001;FGSH-Px=252.400,P<0.001)。与高剂量组比较,高剂量+Fer-1组的铁含量下降((t=5.045,P=0.009)、MDA水平降低(q=21.580,P<0.001)、 GSH和GSH-Px的水平升高(tGSH=10.600,P<0.001;qGSH-Px=9.977,P<0.001)。见图5
Western blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,剂量组的ACSL4蛋白表达水平升高(F=429.400,P<0.001)、GPX4蛋白表达水平降低(F=56.790,P<0.001);而与高剂量BaP组相比,高剂量BaP+Fer-1组ACSL4蛋白表达水平降低(q=8.629,P<0.001)、GPX4蛋白表达水平升高(q=5.146,P=0.03)。见图6
研究表明,BaP能够通过诱导细胞DNA损伤、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激等途径诱发机体损伤,进而损害健康[14]。肝脏作为BaP在体内的主要代谢场所,是其主要的毒作用靶器官[15]。有研究发现BaP可破坏肝脏脂质代谢,通过诱导氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍引发肝损伤[4]
铁死亡是一种调节性细胞死亡[16],会使细胞产生区别于其他细胞死亡方式的特征性改变,主要表现为线粒体形态的变化,比如线粒体皱缩、膜破裂[17-18]。细胞铁死亡受铁稳态和氧化应激通路调节,细胞铁稳态改变导致铁含量增多[19],细胞成分发生脂质过氧化后代谢为MDA,脂质过氧化增加会消耗大量GSH,进而降低GSH-Px的活性,减少对脂质过氧化物的清除而导致铁死亡。GSH/GPX4轴减少特定磷脂氢过氧化物的产生从而抑制细胞铁死亡[20],脂质代谢调节因子ACSL4参与催化花生四烯酸和肾上腺酸,最终通过在细胞膜中积累氧化的磷脂促进铁死亡[21]。因此组织铁、MDA、GSH 含量和GSH-Px 活性以及GPX4、ACSL4蛋白表达水平等指标常被作为反映细胞是否存在铁死亡的生物标志[22-23]。Fer-1作为一种抗氧化剂,可以防止脂质过氧化、清除自由基、减少脂质过氧化物,并能有效阻断铁蛋白沉积,是常见的铁死亡抑制剂之一[24],在本研究中我们使用Fer-1进行干预,观察是否能够减轻小鼠肝损伤以进一步验证细胞铁死亡。
实验结果显示,与对照组相比,BaP剂量组的小鼠肝脏组织的AST、ALT水平均升高,出现不同程度的肝细胞排列紊乱,肝窦扩张、充血、炎性浸润及胶原纤维沉积,显示BaP暴露引起了小鼠肝损伤。经电子显微镜观察,线粒体萎缩、线粒体嵴减少、膜密度增加,呈现典型的铁死亡形态特征。我们又检测了反映细胞铁死亡的标志,结果显示,铁含量增加,GSH含量和GSH-Px活性降低,脂质过氧化产物MDA升高,蛋白标志物GPX4蛋白表达水平降低,而ACSL4蛋白表达水平升高,均提示肝细胞发生了铁死亡。我们用铁死亡特异抑制剂Fer-1进行干预后发现,Fer-1大大缓解了高剂量BaP引起的肝脏形态学及上述与铁死亡相关的检测指标的变化,进一步证实了亚慢性染毒小鼠肝细胞存在铁死亡的发生。推测BaP暴露使细胞铁代谢失衡,铁离子水平升高,引发芬顿反应,诱发细胞脂质过氧化;同时BaP暴露耗竭GSH,抑制GPX4表达,导致GSH-Px活性降低,加速了细胞脂质过氧化;ACSL4是调节脂质组成的关键酶,活化长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFAs)参与膜磷脂的合成,LCPUFAs氧化后进一步引发细胞的铁死亡。BaP暴露诱导ACSL4蛋白表达水平升高,增加了BaP诱发脂质过氧化的易感性,最终引起脂质过氧化产物堆积,损伤线粒体形态及功能,诱发细胞铁死亡。因此,亚慢性染毒BaP诱发的肝细胞铁死亡可能是多种机制共同作用的结果。
综上试验结果,推测亚慢性BaP暴露可能是通过干扰肝细胞GPX4/ACSL4轴,使细胞铁代谢失衡引起Fe2+水平升高,抗氧化能力降低,脂质过氧化水平增高导致细胞MDA等脂质过氧化产物堆积,导致线粒体损伤,从而诱发肝细胞铁死亡。
本研究结果显示,亚慢性染毒BaP可通过诱导小鼠肝细胞铁死亡而引起肝损伤。本研究初步探讨了BaP暴露引起肝损伤的潜在作用机制,为探索BaP的肝毒性及机制研究提供了线索,其具体机制仍需进一步深入研究。
  • 山西省自然科学基金(202203021211106)
  • 山西省“1331工程”项目(2021-5-2-2-B1)
  • 长治医学院创新团队(CX202001)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412398
  • 接收时间:2024-12-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-22
基金
山西省自然科学基金(202203021211106)
山西省“1331工程”项目(2021-5-2-2-B1)
长治医学院创新团队(CX202001)
作者信息
    1.山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生毒理学教研室,山西 太原 030001
    2.长治医学院公共卫生与预防医学系,老年健康研究中心,衰老机制研究与转化应用山西省重点实验室(厅市共建),长治市衰老与再生医学技术创新中心,山西 长治 046000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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