Article(id=1240738483149534116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501158, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736438400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744706189, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744706189, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744706189, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744706189, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1681, endPage=1686, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738483862565820, articleId=1240738483149534116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of ursolic acid on gut microbiota and inflammatory response in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the ameliorative effects of ursolic acid on gut microbiota and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Methods

Eighteen C57BL/6J mice were acclimatized for one week and then randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON), high-fat diet group (HFD), and unsolid acid group (UA). The CON group was fed standard diet, the HFD group was fed high-fat diet, and the UA group received high-fat diet along with daily gastric gavage of 100 mg/kg ursolic acid. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks, during which weekly measurements of body weight and food intake were recorded. At the end of the experiment, fecal samples were collected aseptically, and blood serum was obtained after anesthesia.The liver and epididymal fat were collected post-euthanasia. Pathological observations of the liver and fat tissues were conducted using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Biochemical indices and inflammatory factor levels in serum and liver were measured using kits. The microbial diversity in the feces of C57BL/6J mice was assessed using 16S rDNA sequencing.Comparisons between groups were performed using t-tests for pairwise comparisons and one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for multiple comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between dominant bacterial genera and inflammatory factors.

Results

During the experiment, the body weight of the HFD group significantly increased compared to the CON group (P<0.05), while the UA group showed a significant reduction in body weight compared to the HFD group (P<0.05), with no correlation between weight change and food intake (P>0.05). Compared to the CON group, the HFD group exhibited increased serum and liver biochemical indices, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (P<0.05),along with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (P<0.05), all of which improved following UA intervention (P<0.05). Pathological observations revealed normal morphology of liver and fat tissues in the CON group, swelling of hepatocytes with numerous lipid vacuoles in the HFD group, and reduced hepatocyte size and lipid vacuoles in the UA group compared to the HFD group. The gut microbiota composition varied among groups at the phylum and genus levels, with higher relative abundances of Akkerman Sia and unclassified Muribaculaceae. Correlation analysis indicated that Akkerman Sia, unclassified Muribaculaceae, and Ligi lactobacillus were negatively correlated with serum and liver TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05), while Olsen Ella showed a positive correlation with TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05).

Conclusion

A high-fat diet promotes obesity by inducing dysbiosis and elevating inflammatory factor levels in mice. Ursolic acid intervention can regulate gut microbiota and inflammatory responses, thereby improving obesity.

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目的

探究熊果酸对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肠道菌群和炎症的改善作用。

方法

18只C57BL/6J小鼠,适应性喂养1周后随机分为对照组(CON)、高脂组(HFD)及熊果酸组(UA),CON组饲喂普通饲料,HFD组饲喂高脂饲料,UA组饲喂高脂饲料同时每天灌胃100 mg/kg熊果酸,实验时间为12周,每周对小鼠体重、进食量进行测定。实验结束后无菌采集小鼠粪便,麻醉采集血清,处死后采集肝脏、附睾脂肪,苏木精-伊红染色法对肝脏、脂肪组织进行病理学观察,试剂盒检测血清和肝脏的生化指标及炎症因子水平,采用16SrDNA方法检测C57BL/6J小鼠粪便中微生物群多样性,不同组间两两比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析或者Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,Spearman相关分析优势菌属与炎症因子相关性。

结果

实验期间HFD组小鼠体重较CON组显著增加(P<0.05),UA组体重较HFD组显著降低(P<0.05),体重变化与进食量无关(P>0.05);与CON组相比,HFD组小鼠血清及肝脏生化指标甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)及炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)水平增加(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)水平下降(P<0.05),UA干预后均有所改善(P<0.05);肝脏及脂肪组织病理学观察发现,CON组肝脏及脂肪组织形态正常,HFD组肝细胞形态肿胀、有大量脂肪空泡,而脂肪细胞体积增大,UA组较HFD组肝细胞减小脂肪空泡减少,脂肪细胞体积减小;各组小鼠肠道菌群构成比在门、属水平上不同,AkkermansiaMuribaculaceae_unclassified等相对丰度较高;分析优势菌群与炎症因子的相关性,发现AkkermansiaMuribaculaceae_unclassifiedLigilactobacillus与血清及肝脏TNF-α、IL-1β呈负相关(P<0.05),Olsenella与TNF-α、IL-1β呈现正相关(P<0.05)。

结论

高脂饮食通过诱导小鼠肠道菌群失调、炎症因子水平升高等促进肥胖发生,熊果酸干预后能调节小鼠肠道菌群及炎症反应,从而改善肥胖。

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包艳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NLD1NejRTsUe/gqRYrQH1g==, magXml=TLQLMG+7sCv6NYTr6lMbpw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=betLxGfNJk0AAY7QHyTvOw==, pdfFileSize=860588, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=NsRId8u6MpyfWBMUQekLpg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mMG+j2oCbSR+FeLbyuZviA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孙铭(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食物营养与健康

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孙铭(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食物营养与健康

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Analysis of overweight and obese Mongolian children and levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in Damao banner, Baotou city[J]. Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases, 2020, 28(8): 604-606.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of overweight and obese Mongolian children and levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in Damao banner, Baotou city, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081887955931214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=98, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Liu YJ, Yang M, Tang L, journalName=Microbiome, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu YJ, Yang M, Tang L, et al. TLR4 regulates RORγt+ regulatory T-cell responses and susceptibility to colon inflammation through interaction with Akkermansia muciniphila[J]. 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Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2022,21(1): 9., articleTitle=Olsenella uli-induced pneumonia: a case report, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081885464515577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, awardId=82460645, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82460645), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081885619704828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, awardId=2021LHMS08017, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS08017), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081885695202302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, awardId=202201368, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201368), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081885762310145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, awardId=NJYT22119, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古高校青年科技英才计划项目(NJYT22119), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081873229730359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081873238118968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, companyId=1241081873229730359, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081873242313274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, companyId=1241081873229730359, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古 包头 014040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081881186325384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Changes in body weight and food intake of mice in each group, figureFileSmall=SLVo/c3mGLRKvJVr8LwknA==, figureFileBig=97Gw16lbgKEHs2MBdSXmhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881278600078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组小鼠体重和进食量变化, figureFileSmall=SLVo/c3mGLRKvJVr8LwknA==, figureFileBig=97Gw16lbgKEHs2MBdSXmhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881375069075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Pathological staining of liver and adipose tissue in each group of mice, figureFileSmall=yn0FL+Zv+GGnN1NCSKoEMA==, figureFileBig=wx080YLixDxVwMscJ9THPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881446372249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组小鼠肝脏、脂肪组织病理学染色

注:图A肝脏组织学染色(HE染色,×200,×400);图B附睾脂肪组织学染色(HE染色,×200,×400)。

, figureFileSmall=yn0FL+Zv+GGnN1NCSKoEMA==, figureFileBig=wx080YLixDxVwMscJ9THPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881580589982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Serum biochemical indicators of each group of mice, figureFileSmall=zrVHWtRfJi15sNxEVgZ1SA==, figureFileBig=G38Oa2sub37NKiGlidIbUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881723196323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组小鼠血清生化指标

注:与CON组相比,*P<0.05;与HFD组相比,#P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=zrVHWtRfJi15sNxEVgZ1SA==, figureFileBig=G38Oa2sub37NKiGlidIbUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081881844831144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Biochemical indicators of liver in each group of mice, figureFileSmall=4ZYVSIGywcuia0nikNBghw==, figureFileBig=zYRueAmnVHynNILh6k4Tag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081882033574830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组小鼠肝脏生化指标

注:与CON组相比,*P<0.05;与HFD组相比,#P<0.05。

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注:与CON组相比,*P<0.05;与HFD组相比,#P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=+jHnxcOfFWEDnvDt3muu/Q==, figureFileBig=I76Q+jmkT3hpY3CnEWVyiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081882469782463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Beta diversity of the gut microbiota in each group of mice (PCoA analysis), figureFileSmall=pLk3bNJJVAHtNr5ker81eA==, figureFileBig=UiCo2dyKY2sWoUdLaV02dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081882557862851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组小鼠肠道菌群Beta多样性(PCoA 分析), figureFileSmall=pLk3bNJJVAHtNr5ker81eA==, figureFileBig=UiCo2dyKY2sWoUdLaV02dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081882897601477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Body weight and food intake levels of mice in each group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别体重(g)进食量(g)
CON24.21±1.312.19±0.39
HFD29.55±0.82*2.29±0.27
UA25.78±1.07#2.09±0.24
), ArticleFig(id=1241081883006653385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组小鼠的体重及进食量水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别体重(g)进食量(g)
CON24.21±1.312.19±0.39
HFD29.55±0.82*2.29±0.27
UA25.78±1.07#2.09±0.24
), ArticleFig(id=1241081883082150861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Alpha diversity index in each group of mice($ \bar{x} \pm s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ShannonSimpsonChao1
CON5.85±1.280.91±0.08791.70±275.1
HFD4.46±0.69*0.82±0.067480.47±99.19*
UA5.55±0.490.90±0.04629.79±88.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241081883161842642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

小鼠的Alpha多样性指数($ \bar{x} \pm s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ShannonSimpsonChao1
CON5.85±1.280.91±0.08791.70±275.1
HFD4.46±0.69*0.82±0.067480.47±99.19*
UA5.55±0.490.90±0.04629.79±88.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241081883245728725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of intestinal microbiota level composition ratio of mice in each group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌门CONHFDUA
厚壁菌门24.28±5.5258.78±16.74*47.88±14.53*
拟杆菌门38.71±18.413.18±1.34*12.83±6.55*
疣微菌门27.30±19.985.82±4.25*14.04±8.11
放线菌门2.69±1.8723.58±15.86*9.00±3.79#
变形菌门3.51±0.565.32±1.13*4.99±0.77*
厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门 F/B0.73±0.2722.21±11.24.35±2.23#
), ArticleFig(id=1241081883333809114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组小鼠肠道菌群门水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌门CONHFDUA
厚壁菌门24.28±5.5258.78±16.74*47.88±14.53*
拟杆菌门38.71±18.413.18±1.34*12.83±6.55*
疣微菌门27.30±19.985.82±4.25*14.04±8.11
放线菌门2.69±1.8723.58±15.86*9.00±3.79#
变形菌门3.51±0.565.32±1.13*4.99±0.77*
厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门 F/B0.73±0.2722.21±11.24.35±2.23#
), ArticleFig(id=1241081883488998366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of intestinal microbiota level composition ratio of mice in each group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌属CONHFDUA
Akkermansia23.02±15.993.77±1.55*16.46±5.76#
Muribaculaceae_unclassified25.39±10.51.91±0.8*14.70±10.22*#
Olsenella0.76±0.8219.03±17.17*3.17±2.46#
Ligilactobacillus5.42±4.892.81±1.682.29±2.19
Lactobacillus0.98±0.611.13±0.5217.55±14.4*#
), ArticleFig(id=1241081884957004772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组小鼠肠道菌群属水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌属CONHFDUA
Akkermansia23.02±15.993.77±1.55*16.46±5.76#
Muribaculaceae_unclassified25.39±10.51.91±0.8*14.70±10.22*#
Olsenella0.76±0.8219.03±17.17*3.17±2.46#
Ligilactobacillus5.42±4.892.81±1.682.29±2.19
Lactobacillus0.98±0.611.13±0.5217.55±14.4*#
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885053473766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlation analysis between intestinal bacteria and inflammatory factors in three groups of mice($ \bar{x} \pm s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌属血清TNF-α肝脏TNF-α血清IL-1β肝脏IL-1β
rPrPrPrP
Akkermansia-0.753**0.001-0.747**0.002-0.814**<0.001-0.720**<0.001
Muribaculaceae_unclassified0.826**<0.001-0.831**<0.001-0.864**<0.001-0.803**<0.001
Olsenella0.821**<0.0010.684**0.0020.700**0.0010.763**<0.001
Ligilactobacillus-0.526*0.025-0.4640.052-0.561*0.015-0.4420.066
Lactobacillus-0.1780.479-0.1090.666-0.1020.688-0.2060.413
), ArticleFig(id=1241081885229634540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483149534116, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

三组小鼠肠道细菌与炎症因子的相关性分析($ \bar{x} \pm s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌属血清TNF-α肝脏TNF-α血清IL-1β肝脏IL-1β
rPrPrPrP
Akkermansia-0.753**0.001-0.747**0.002-0.814**<0.001-0.720**<0.001
Muribaculaceae_unclassified0.826**<0.001-0.831**<0.001-0.864**<0.001-0.803**<0.001
Olsenella0.821**<0.0010.684**0.0020.700**0.0010.763**<0.001
Ligilactobacillus-0.526*0.025-0.4640.052-0.561*0.015-0.4420.066
Lactobacillus-0.1780.479-0.1090.666-0.1020.688-0.2060.413
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熊果酸对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肠道菌群和炎症反应的影响
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孙铭 , 田春风 , 韩雅静 , 张佳 , 梅美 , 郭志敏 , 谢洋 , 李杰 , 包艳
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(9): 1681-1686
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(9): 1681-1686
熊果酸对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肠道菌群和炎症反应的影响
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孙铭, 田春风, 韩雅静, 张佳, 梅美, 郭志敏, 谢洋, 李杰, 包艳
作者信息
  • 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古 包头 014040
  • 孙铭(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食物营养与健康

通讯作者:

包艳,E-mail:
Effects of ursolic acid on gut microbiota and inflammatory response in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Ming SUN, Chun-feng TIAN, Ya-jing HAN, Jia ZHANG, Mei MEI, Zhi-min GUO, Yang XIE, Jie LI, Yan BAO
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014040, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501158
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目的

探究熊果酸对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肠道菌群和炎症的改善作用。

方法

18只C57BL/6J小鼠,适应性喂养1周后随机分为对照组(CON)、高脂组(HFD)及熊果酸组(UA),CON组饲喂普通饲料,HFD组饲喂高脂饲料,UA组饲喂高脂饲料同时每天灌胃100 mg/kg熊果酸,实验时间为12周,每周对小鼠体重、进食量进行测定。实验结束后无菌采集小鼠粪便,麻醉采集血清,处死后采集肝脏、附睾脂肪,苏木精-伊红染色法对肝脏、脂肪组织进行病理学观察,试剂盒检测血清和肝脏的生化指标及炎症因子水平,采用16SrDNA方法检测C57BL/6J小鼠粪便中微生物群多样性,不同组间两两比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析或者Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,Spearman相关分析优势菌属与炎症因子相关性。

结果

实验期间HFD组小鼠体重较CON组显著增加(P<0.05),UA组体重较HFD组显著降低(P<0.05),体重变化与进食量无关(P>0.05);与CON组相比,HFD组小鼠血清及肝脏生化指标甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)及炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)水平增加(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)水平下降(P<0.05),UA干预后均有所改善(P<0.05);肝脏及脂肪组织病理学观察发现,CON组肝脏及脂肪组织形态正常,HFD组肝细胞形态肿胀、有大量脂肪空泡,而脂肪细胞体积增大,UA组较HFD组肝细胞减小脂肪空泡减少,脂肪细胞体积减小;各组小鼠肠道菌群构成比在门、属水平上不同,AkkermansiaMuribaculaceae_unclassified等相对丰度较高;分析优势菌群与炎症因子的相关性,发现AkkermansiaMuribaculaceae_unclassifiedLigilactobacillus与血清及肝脏TNF-α、IL-1β呈负相关(P<0.05),Olsenella与TNF-α、IL-1β呈现正相关(P<0.05)。

结论

高脂饮食通过诱导小鼠肠道菌群失调、炎症因子水平升高等促进肥胖发生,熊果酸干预后能调节小鼠肠道菌群及炎症反应,从而改善肥胖。

熊果酸  /  肥胖  /  肠道菌群  /  炎症
Objective

To investigate the ameliorative effects of ursolic acid on gut microbiota and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Methods

Eighteen C57BL/6J mice were acclimatized for one week and then randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON), high-fat diet group (HFD), and unsolid acid group (UA). The CON group was fed standard diet, the HFD group was fed high-fat diet, and the UA group received high-fat diet along with daily gastric gavage of 100 mg/kg ursolic acid. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks, during which weekly measurements of body weight and food intake were recorded. At the end of the experiment, fecal samples were collected aseptically, and blood serum was obtained after anesthesia.The liver and epididymal fat were collected post-euthanasia. Pathological observations of the liver and fat tissues were conducted using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Biochemical indices and inflammatory factor levels in serum and liver were measured using kits. The microbial diversity in the feces of C57BL/6J mice was assessed using 16S rDNA sequencing.Comparisons between groups were performed using t-tests for pairwise comparisons and one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for multiple comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between dominant bacterial genera and inflammatory factors.

Results

During the experiment, the body weight of the HFD group significantly increased compared to the CON group (P<0.05), while the UA group showed a significant reduction in body weight compared to the HFD group (P<0.05), with no correlation between weight change and food intake (P>0.05). Compared to the CON group, the HFD group exhibited increased serum and liver biochemical indices, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (P<0.05),along with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (P<0.05), all of which improved following UA intervention (P<0.05). Pathological observations revealed normal morphology of liver and fat tissues in the CON group, swelling of hepatocytes with numerous lipid vacuoles in the HFD group, and reduced hepatocyte size and lipid vacuoles in the UA group compared to the HFD group. The gut microbiota composition varied among groups at the phylum and genus levels, with higher relative abundances of Akkerman Sia and unclassified Muribaculaceae. Correlation analysis indicated that Akkerman Sia, unclassified Muribaculaceae, and Ligi lactobacillus were negatively correlated with serum and liver TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05), while Olsen Ella showed a positive correlation with TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05).

Conclusion

A high-fat diet promotes obesity by inducing dysbiosis and elevating inflammatory factor levels in mice. Ursolic acid intervention can regulate gut microbiota and inflammatory responses, thereby improving obesity.

Ursolic acid  /  Obesity  /  Gut microbiota  /  Inflammation
孙铭, 田春风, 韩雅静, 张佳, 梅美, 郭志敏, 谢洋, 李杰, 包艳. 熊果酸对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肠道菌群和炎症反应的影响. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1681 -1686 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501158
Ming SUN, Chun-feng TIAN, Ya-jing HAN, Jia ZHANG, Mei MEI, Zhi-min GUO, Yang XIE, Jie LI, Yan BAO. Effects of ursolic acid on gut microbiota and inflammatory response in high-fat diet-induced obese mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1681 -1686 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501158
肥胖(obesity)是一种体内脂肪过多累积,引起机体病理、生理改变,且伴有炎症反应的代谢性疾病。Chen等[1]于2023年对我国1 580万成年人进行肥胖患病率调查,发现患病率高达14.1%。2023年新加坡国立大学联合美国和中国研究人员研究发现2019年全球肥胖相关年龄标准化死亡率为62.59/10万,引发人们广泛关注[2]。炎症是机体对抗外来病原体的正常防御机制,但过度反应却会引发肥胖等一系列健康问题[3]。此外,脂肪细胞自身也会发出炎性信号,促使免疫系统释放大量促炎因子,随着脂肪细胞的增大,这些促炎因子逐渐占据主导地位,最终导致慢性炎症的发生[4]。肠道菌群平衡能促进肠道蠕动,参与糖脂和蛋白质代谢。熊果酸(ursolic acid,UA)是一种五环三萜类天然化合物,有良好的抗菌、抗癌、降血糖的效果[5]。课题组此前研究发现,熊果酸可以有效减轻饮食肥胖小鼠的体重、改善血脂紊乱,且补充熊果酸可显著影响小鼠氨基酸代谢,但对熊果酸改善肥胖的具体机制仍需进一步研究。本研究旨在深入探讨熊果酸对肠道菌群以及炎症反应的影响,利用熊果酸干预饮食肥胖性小鼠,检测小鼠肠道菌群多样性、结构以及炎症因子水平,并进一步进行相关性分析,探究熊果酸改善高脂饮食小鼠肥胖的可能途径,为肥胖的机制研究及防治提供可靠的理论依据。
低温高速离心机(美国Thermo)、超纯水机(美国Thermo)、酶标仪(美国Thermo)。熊果酸(西安瑞林);氨苄西林、新霉素、甲硝唑、万古霉素(上海麦克林);甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)(武汉伊莱瑞特);高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)试剂盒(江苏酶免)。
18只SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠5周龄,体质量(16±2)g,获自北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司,许可证编号:SCXK(京)2019-0010。12 h光照/黑暗循环下,不限制进食和饮水,经过1周的适应性喂养后,随机分成对照组(CON)、高脂组(HFD)及熊果酸组(UA),每组6只,其中CON组饲喂普通饲料,HFD组饲喂高脂饲料,UA组饲喂高脂饲料同时每天灌胃100 mg/kg熊果酸,灌胃量均为0.1 ml/10 g,实验时间为12周,每周记录小鼠体重及进食量。实验结束无菌收集小鼠粪便,麻醉采集血液离心获得血清,小鼠处死后,剥离肝脏及附睾脂肪组织,固定到4%的甲醛溶液中,制备组织切片。动物实验经包头医学院动物伦理审查委员会批准,伦理编号:2022第(102)号。
饲料:普通饲料为10 kcal%脂肪、20 kcal%蛋白质和70 kcal%碳水化合物(编号D12450),高脂肪饮食为60 kcal%油脂、20 kcal%蛋白质和20 kcal%碳水化合物(编号D12492),购自小黍有泰责任有限公司。
生化指标及炎症因子:严格按照试剂盒步骤测定血清及肝脏TC、TG、HDL、LDL、TNF-α、IL-1β含量。
肝脏、附睾脂肪病理切片:组织进行脱水、石蜡包埋,切片用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色,在显光镜下评估组织病理学特征。
粪便测序:实验结束时收集小鼠粪便于-80℃保存,由上海阿趣生物科技有限公司进行16SrDNA测序。
不同组间两两比较用t检验,以($ \bar{x} \pm s$)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析或者Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。两项指标关联性分析采用Spearman相关分析。所有统计分析均使用GraphPad Prism,版本9.5.0及SPSS 27.0进行。检验水准α=0.05。
实验初始三组之间的体重接近,随着时间增长,体重增长速率发生变化,HFD组体重明显高于其它两组,见图1A,进食量无明显改变趋势,见图1B;实验结束时CON组、HFD组、UA组体重分别为(24.21±1.31)、(29.55±0.82)和(25.78±1.07)g,体重具有显著差异(P<0.05),说明UA逆转了高脂饮食诱导的高体重,但在进食量方面没有显著变化(P>0.05),提示体重增长可能与进食量无关。见表1
肝脏HE染色结果显示,CON组小鼠肝脏结构和形态正常,肝脏细胞边界清晰,HFD组肝细胞形态肿胀,可见大量脂肪空泡,UA组较HFD组肝脏组织中脂肪空泡变少,肝细胞形态趋于正常,见图2A;脂肪HE染色结果显示,CON组脂肪细胞大小正常,HFD组小鼠脂肪细胞体积明显增大,UA组脂肪细胞体积较HFD组减小,见图2B
与CON组相比,HFD组小鼠血清TG和TC以及LDL升高(P<0.05),HDL水平下降(P<0.05);与HFD组比,UA组血清HDL水平增高(P<0.05),TG和TC以及LDL水平下降(P<0.05)。见图3
与CON组相比,HFD组小鼠肝脏TC、TG、LDL水平明显升高(P<0.05),HDL显著降低(P<0.05),在UA干预后得到改善(P<0.05),提示UA干预能够影响小鼠的肝脏脂质堆积。见图4
与CON组相比,HFD组血清及肝脏TNF-α、IL-1β含量显著升高(P<0.05);与HFD组相比,UA组TNF-α、IL-1β含量下降(P<0.05)。见图5
小鼠肠道菌群的Alpha多样性指数显示,与CON组相比,HFD组的Shannon指数、Chao1 指数显著降低(P<0.05),UA组的Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Chao1指数较HFD组有下降趋势,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。见表2
由主坐标分析图(principal coordinates analysis,PCoA)可见,三组肠道菌群组内结构相对集中,各组间存在明显差异,见图6
三组小鼠肠道菌群在门水平上主要为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)其中Actinobacteriota在高脂饮食状态下丰度升高,UA干预后降低(P<0.05),计算F/B值,发现UA组与HFD组相比有明显下降(P<0.05)。见表3
在属水平上,对丰度前五的菌属进行比较,与CON组相比,HFD组中阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)、Muribaculaceae_unclassified的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),与HFD组相比,UA组显著上升(P<0.05)。然而UA组的Akkermansia相对丰度与CON组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);欧陆森氏菌属(Olsenella)在HFD组中最高,UA干预后显著下降(P<0.05);瘤胃乳酸杆菌(Ligilactobacillus)在CON组中丰度最高,在UA组和CON组中下降(P>0.05);乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)在CON组和HFD组中丰度低,但在UA组中显著升高(P<0.05)。见表4
三组小鼠Spearman相关分析结果显示肠道中AkkermansiaMuribaculacea相对丰度与炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β呈显著负相关(P<0.05),Olsenella的相对丰度与炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β呈正相关(P<0.05),而Ligilactobacillus与血清TNF-α及血清和肝脏IL-1β呈正相关(P<0.05)。见表5
肥胖会造成机体能量摄入和消耗失衡,过多能量无法释放造成堆积,打破体重的稳态,促使机体肥胖程度加深[6]。课题组延续前期研究,探讨UA对肥胖小鼠肠道菌群多样性、结构和炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β水平等的变化影响,并分析优势肠道菌群与炎症因子水平之间的相关性。
高脂饮食导致小鼠脂肪组织变性和低度炎症,UA干预后有所改善。脂肪组织的改变与基因、胆固醇调节等有关,UA作为一种天然活性成分,具有多种生物学效应,推测UA可能是降低了白色脂肪组织中参与脂肪生成的基因的表达,使白色脂肪组织转变为棕色脂肪[7]。Ma等[8]发现UA可以通过与羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶1(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 1,HMGCS1)不可逆结合,抑制HMGCS1的催化活性,减少胆固醇生物合成过程中下游代谢产物的生成,减轻饮食诱导的高胆固醇血症。
肠道微生物群被认为是调节机体健康的关键因素之一。UA有效改善了高脂饮食引起的小鼠肠道菌群失调。在门水平上,发现肠道菌群主要为Firmicutes、Bacteroidota,Firmicutes参与食物的消化与吸收,并具有产生乳酸、乙酸等有机酸的能力,促进脂肪储存,Bacteroidota有一定的益生作用,可以通过调节体内的类固醇生物转化等影响脂肪组织的积累,UA组与HFD组相比F/B值显著降低,说明UA干预后肠道菌群环境较HFD组改善[9-10]。属水平上发现,AkkermansiaMuribaculaceae在HFD组丰度较低,UA干预后显著升高,多项研究表明AkkermansiaMuribaculaceae可以防止脂肪细胞变性,改善肝脏损伤,增强肠屏障,抑制肥胖和血脂异常的发展[11-14]。Zhao等[15]也发现UA可以通过增加Akkermansia等菌群丰度影响肠道激素的分泌,如增加胰高血糖素样肽-1等的分泌,增加饱腹感,减少食物摄入,改善脂质代谢异常。
肠道菌群与炎症因子相互影响,当肠道菌群失衡时,可能会导致炎症因子异常产生和释放,肥胖伴随的炎症状态也会改变肠道菌群构成,疾病程度加深[16]。本研究发现肠道中AkkermansiaMuribaculacea等与炎症因子呈负相关,Olsenella与炎症因子呈正相关。Akkermansia作为一种新兴益生菌,可以上调视黄酸受体相关孤儿受体γT(retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma T,RORγT)调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)介导的免疫反应来改善炎症疾病[17]MuribaculaceaeBifidobacteriumLactobacillus存在交叉摄食关系,并可以产生短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)等代谢产物来缓解局部和全身炎症等[18]。Yan等[19]发现Olsenella在肺炎的发病机制中发挥着致病作用,猜测可能是肠道环境的变化触发免疫系统进而促进炎症因子增加,但在肥胖的发病机制中尚未见详细报道,值得进一步去探究。
综上所述,高脂饮食可以导致小鼠肥胖,并伴随机体代谢异常、脂肪蓄积、组织炎症、肠道菌群紊乱等,UA干预后可明显改善肥胖小鼠中肠道菌群紊乱,减轻炎症,进一步改善肥胖。研究为肥胖的发生机制研究和早期预防策略带来新思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82460645)
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS08017)
  • 内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201368)
  • 内蒙古高校青年科技英才计划项目(NJYT22119)
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501158
  • 接收时间:2025-01-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82460645)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS08017)
内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201368)
内蒙古高校青年科技英才计划项目(NJYT22119)
作者信息
    内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古 包头 014040

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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